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Zhang T, Liu D, Zhang Y, Chen L, Zhang W, Sun T. Biomedical engineering utilizing living photosynthetic cyanobacteria and microalgae: Current status and future prospects. Mater Today Bio 2024; 27:101154. [PMID: 39113912 PMCID: PMC11304071 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are the only prokaryotes capable of performing oxygenic photosynthesis on Earth. Besides their traditional roles serving as primary producers, cyanobacteria also synthesize abundant secondary metabolites including carotenoids, alkaloids, peptides, which have been reported to possess medicinal potentials. More importantly, the advancement of synthetic biology technology has further expanded their potential biomedical applications especially using living/engineered cyanobacteria, providing promising and attractive strategies for future disease treatments. To improve the understanding and to facilitate future applications, this review aims to discuss the current status and future prospects of cyanobacterial-based biomedical engineering. Firstly, specific properties of cyanobacteria related with biomedical applications like their natural products of bioactive compounds and heavy metal adsorption were concluded. Subsequently, based on these properties of cyanobacteria, we discussed the progress of their applications in various disease models like hypoxia microenvironment alleviation, wound healing, drug delivery, and so on. Finally, the future prospects including further exploration of cyanobacteria secondary metabolites, the integration of bioactive compounds synthesized by cyanobacteria in situ with medical diagnosis and treatment, and the optimization of in vivo application were critically presented. The review will promote the studies related with cyanobacteria-based biomedical engineering and its practical application in clinical trials in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Dailin Liu
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Lei Chen
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Weiwen Zhang
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
- Center for Biosafety Research and Strategy, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Tao Sun
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
- Center for Biosafety Research and Strategy, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
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Motamedzadeh A, Rahmati-Dehkordi F, Heydari H, Behnam M, Rashidi Noshabad FZ, Tamtaji Z, Taheri AT, Nabavizadeh F, Aschner M, Mirzaei H, Tamtaji OR. Therapeutic potential of Phycocyanin in gastrointestinal cancers and related disorders. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:741. [PMID: 38874869 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09675-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancer is the most fatal cancer worldwide. The etiology of gastrointestinal cancer has yet to be fully characterized. Alcohol consumption, obesity, tobacco, Helicobacter pylori and gastrointestinal disorders, including gastroesophageal reflux disease, gastric ulcer, colon polyps and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease are among the several risks factors for gastrointestinal cancers. Phycocyanin which is abundant in Spirulina. Phycocyanin, a member of phycobiliprotein family with intense blue color, is an anti-diabetic, neuroprotective, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer compound. Evidence exists supporting that phycocyanin has antitumor effects, exerting its pharmacological effects by targeting a variety of cellular and molecular processes, i.e., apoptosis, cell-cycle arrest, migration and Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Phycocyanin has also been applied in treatment of several gastrointestinal disorders such as, gastric ulcer, ulcerative colitis and fatty liver that is known as a risk factor for progression to cancer. Herein, we summarize various cellular and molecular pathways that are affected by phycocyanin, its efficacy upon combined drug treatment, and the potential for nanotechnology in its gastrointestinal cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Motamedzadeh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rahmati-Dehkordi
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hoora Heydari
- Student Research Committee, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mohammad Behnam
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | | | - Zeinab Tamtaji
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Abdolkarim Talebi Taheri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Nabavizadeh
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Omid Reza Tamtaji
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Wierzbicki J, Bednarz-Misa I, Lewandowski Ł, Lipiński A, Kłopot A, Neubauer K, Krzystek-Korpacka M. Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins (MIPs) Contribute to Malignant Potential of Colorectal Polyps and Modulate Likelihood of Cancerization Associated with Standard Risk Factors. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1383. [PMID: 38338661 PMCID: PMC10855842 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Better understanding of molecular changes leading to neoplastic transformation is prerequisite to optimize risk assessment and chemopreventive and surveillance strategies. Data on macrophage inflammatory proteins (MIPs) in colorectal carcinogenesis are scanty and their clinical relevance remains unknown. Therefore, transcript and protein expression of CCL3, CCL4, CXCL2, and CCL19 were determined in 173 and 62 patients, respectively, using RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry with reference to polyps' characteristics. The likelihood of malignancy was modeled using probit regression. With the increasing malignancy potential of hyperplastic-tubular-tubulo-villous-villous polyps, the expression of CCL3, CCL4, and CCL19 in lesions decreased. CCL19 expression decreased also in normal mucosa while that of CXCL2 increased. Likewise, lesion CCL3 and lesion and normal mucosa CCL19 decreased and normal CXCL2 increased along the hyperplasia-low-high dysplasia grade. The bigger the lesion, the lower CCL3 and higher CXCL2 in normal mucosa. Singular polyps had higher CCL3, CCL4, and CCL19 levels in normal mucosa. CCL3, CCL4 and CXCL2 modulated the likelihood of malignancy associated with traditional risk factors. There was no correlation between the protein and mRNA expression of CCL3 and CCL19. In summary, the polyp-adjacent mucosa contributes to gaining potential for malignancy by polyps. MIPs may help in specifying cancerization probability estimated based on standard risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Wierzbicki
- Department of Minimally Invasive Surgery and Proctology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Iwona Bednarz-Misa
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (I.B.-M.); (Ł.L.); (A.K.)
| | - Łukasz Lewandowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (I.B.-M.); (Ł.L.); (A.K.)
| | - Artur Lipiński
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Anna Kłopot
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (I.B.-M.); (Ł.L.); (A.K.)
| | - Katarzyna Neubauer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Krzystek-Korpacka
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (I.B.-M.); (Ł.L.); (A.K.)
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Tounsi L, Ben Hlima H, Hentati F, Hentati O, Derbel H, Michaud P, Abdelkafi S. Microalgae: A Promising Source of Bioactive Phycobiliproteins. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:440. [PMID: 37623721 PMCID: PMC10456337 DOI: 10.3390/md21080440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Phycobiliproteins are photosynthetic light-harvesting pigments isolated from microalgae with fluorescent, colorimetric and biological properties, making them a potential commodity in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries. Hence, improving their metabolic yield is of great interest. In this regard, the present review aimed, first, to provide a detailed and thorough overview of the optimization of culture media elements, as well as various physical parameters, to improve the large-scale manufacturing of such bioactive molecules. The second section of the review offers systematic, deep and detailed data about the current main features of phycobiliproteins. In the ultimate section, the health and nutritional claims related to these bioactive pigments, explaining their noticeable potential for biotechnological uses in various fields, are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latifa Tounsi
- Enzymatic Engineering and Microbiology Laboratory, Algae Biotechnology Team, Biological Engineering Department, National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia; (L.T.); (H.B.H.); (O.H.); (H.D.); (S.A.)
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Hajer Ben Hlima
- Enzymatic Engineering and Microbiology Laboratory, Algae Biotechnology Team, Biological Engineering Department, National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia; (L.T.); (H.B.H.); (O.H.); (H.D.); (S.A.)
| | - Faiez Hentati
- INRAE, Animal Research Unit and Functionalities of Animal Products (UR AFPA), University of Lorraine, USC 340, F-54000 Nancy, France;
| | - Ons Hentati
- Enzymatic Engineering and Microbiology Laboratory, Algae Biotechnology Team, Biological Engineering Department, National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia; (L.T.); (H.B.H.); (O.H.); (H.D.); (S.A.)
| | - Hana Derbel
- Enzymatic Engineering and Microbiology Laboratory, Algae Biotechnology Team, Biological Engineering Department, National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia; (L.T.); (H.B.H.); (O.H.); (H.D.); (S.A.)
| | - Philippe Michaud
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Slim Abdelkafi
- Enzymatic Engineering and Microbiology Laboratory, Algae Biotechnology Team, Biological Engineering Department, National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia; (L.T.); (H.B.H.); (O.H.); (H.D.); (S.A.)
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Rashed SA, Hammad SF, Eldakak MM, Khalil IA, Osman A. Assessment of the Anticancer Potentials of the Free and Metal-Organic Framework (UiO-66) - Delivered Phycocyanobilin. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:213-224. [PMID: 36087776 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Phycocyanin (C-PC) is a constitutive chromoprotein of Arthrospira platensis, which exhibits promising efficacy against different types of cancer. In this study, we cleaved C-PC's chromophore phycocyanobilin (PCB) and demonstrated its ability as an anti-cancer drug for Colorectal cancer (CRC). PCB displayed an anti-cancer effect for CRC (HT-29) cells with IC50 of 108 µg/ml. Assessing the transcripts levels of some biomarkers revealed that the PCB caused an upregulation in the anti-metastatic gene NME1 level and downregulation of the COX-2 level. The flow cytometric results showed the effect of PCB on the arrest of the cell cycle's G1 phase. In addition, we successfully synthesized the UiO-66 (Zr-MOF). We incorporated the PCB into UiO-66 nanoparticles with a loading percentage of 46 %. Assessment of the cytotoxic effects of UiO-66@PCB showed a 2-fold improvement in the IC50 compared to the free PCB. In conclusion, we have shown that PCB displayed a promising potential as an anti-cancer agent. Yet, it is considered a safe and natural substance that can help to mitigate cancer spread and symptoms. In the meantime, UiO-66 can be used as a safe nano-delivery tool for PCB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzan A Rashed
- Biotechnology Program, Institute of Basic and Applied Sciences, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology, Borg El-Arab, Egypt; Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Sherif F Hammad
- Biotechnology Program, Institute of Basic and Applied Sciences, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology, Borg El-Arab, Egypt; Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Moustafa M Eldakak
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Islam A Khalil
- Pharmaceutics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, 6 October, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Osman
- Biotechnology Program, Institute of Basic and Applied Sciences, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology, Borg El-Arab, Egypt; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Lewandowska P, Szczuka I, Bednarz-Misa I, Szczęśniak-Sięga BM, Neubauer K, Mierzchała-Pasierb M, Zawadzki M, Witkiewicz W, Krzystek-Korpacka M. Modulating Properties of Piroxicam, Meloxicam and Oxicam Analogues against Macrophage-Associated Chemokines in Colorectal Cancer. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237375. [PMID: 34885960 PMCID: PMC8659253 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the antineoplastic effects of oxicams have not been fully elucidated. We aimed to assess the effect of classic and novel oxicams on the expression/secretion of macrophage-associated chemokines (RTqPCR/Luminex xMAP) in colorectal adenocarcinoma cells, and on the expression of upstream the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-activated genes NAG1, NFKBIA, MYD88, and RELA, as well as at the chemokine profiling in colorectal tumors. Meloxicam downregulated CCL4 9.9-fold, but otherwise the classic oxicams had a negligible/non-significant effect. Novel analogues with a thiazine ring substituted with arylpiperazine and benzoyl moieties significantly modulated chemokine expression to varying degree, upregulated NAG1 and NFKBIA, and downregulated MYD88. They inhibited CCL3 and CCL4, and their effect on CCL2 and CXCL2 depended on the dose and exposure. The propylene linker between thiazine and piperazine nitrogens and one arylpiperazine fluorine substituent characterized the most effective analogue. Only CCL19 and CXCL2 were not upregulated in tumors, nor was CXCL2 in tumor-adjacent tissue compared to normal mucosa. Compared to adjacent tissue, CCL4 and CXCL2 were upregulated, while CCL2, CCL8, and CCL19 were downregulated in tumors. Tumor CCL2 and CCL7 increased along with advancing T and CCL3, and CCL4 along with the N stage. The introduction of arylpiperazine and benzoyl moieties into the oxicam scaffold yields effective modulators of chemokine expression, which act by upregulating NAG1 and interfering with NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Lewandowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.L.); (I.S.); (I.B.-M.); (M.M.-P.)
| | - Izabela Szczuka
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.L.); (I.S.); (I.B.-M.); (M.M.-P.)
| | - Iwona Bednarz-Misa
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.L.); (I.S.); (I.B.-M.); (M.M.-P.)
| | | | - Katarzyna Neubauer
- Department and Clinics of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Mierzchała-Pasierb
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.L.); (I.S.); (I.B.-M.); (M.M.-P.)
| | - Marek Zawadzki
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Regional Specialist Hospital, 51-124 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.Z.); (W.W.)
- Department of Physiotherapy, Wroclaw Medical University, 51-618 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Witkiewicz
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Regional Specialist Hospital, 51-124 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.Z.); (W.W.)
- Research and Development Centre, Regional Specialist Hospital, 51-124 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Krzystek-Korpacka
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.L.); (I.S.); (I.B.-M.); (M.M.-P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-71-784-1370
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Adjali A, Clarot I, Chen Z, Marchioni E, Boudier A. Physicochemical degradation of phycocyanin and means to improve its stability: A short review. J Pharm Anal 2021; 12:406-414. [PMID: 35811624 PMCID: PMC9257648 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The cyanobacterium Arthrospira platensis, spirulina, is a source of pigments such as phycobiliprotein and phycocyanin. Phycocyanin is used in the food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries because of its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. The different steps involved in extraction and purification of this protein can alter the final properties. In this review, the stability of phycocyanin (pH, temperature, and light) is discussed, considering the physicochemical parameters of kinetic modeling. The optimal working pH range for phycocyanin is between 5.5 and 6.0 and it remains stable up to 45 °C; however, exposure to relatively high temperatures or acidic pH decreases its half-life and increases the degradation kinetic constant. Phycobiliproteins are sensitive to light; preservatives such as mono- and di-saccharides, citric acid, or sodium chloride appear to be effective stabilizing agents. Encapsulation within nano- or micro-structured materials such as nanofibers, microparticles, or nanoparticles, can also preserve or enhance its stability. Phycocyanin is in great demand for industrial application. Phycocyanin is sensitive to pH, temperature, and light. Optimal stability occurs between pH 5.5–6.0 and at temperatures <45 °C in the dark. The use of preservatives or its encapsulation with polymers enhances its stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aïda Adjali
- Université de Lorraine, CITHEFOR, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Igor Clarot
- Université de Lorraine, CITHEFOR, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Zilin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China
| | - Eric Marchioni
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ariane Boudier
- Université de Lorraine, CITHEFOR, F-54000, Nancy, France
- Corresponding author.
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Wierzbicki J, Lipiński A, Bednarz-Misa I, Lewandowski Ł, Neubauer K, Lewandowska P, Krzystek-Korpacka M. Monocyte Chemotactic Proteins (MCP) in Colorectal Adenomas Are Differently Expressed at the Transcriptional and Protein Levels: Implications for Colorectal Cancer Prevention. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10235559. [PMID: 34884259 PMCID: PMC8658354 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10235559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of monocyte chemotactic proteins (MCPs) in colorectal polyps and their suitability as targets for chemoprevention is unknown, although MCP expression and secretion can be modulated by non-steroidal inflammatory drugs. This study was designed to determine the expression patterns of MCP-1/CCL2, MCP-2/CCL8, and MCP-3/CCL7 at the protein (immunohistochemistry; n = 62) and transcriptional levels (RTqPCR; n = 173) in colorectal polyps with reference to the polyp malignancy potential. All chemokines were significantly upregulated in polyps at the protein level but downregulated at the transcriptional level by 1.4-(CCL2), 1.7-(CCL7), and 2.3-fold (CCL8). There was an inverse relation between the immunoreactivity toward chemokine proteins and the number of corresponding transcripts in polyps (CCL2 and CCL7) or in normal mucosa (CCL8). The downregulation of chemokine transcripts correlated with the presence of multiple polyps (CCL2 and CCL8), a larger polyp size (CCL2, CCL7, and CCL8), predominant villous growth patterns (CCL2, CCL7 and CCL8), and high-grade dysplasia (CCL2 and CCL8). In conclusion, MCP-1/CCL2, MCP-2/CCL8, and MCP-3/CCL7 chemokines are counter-regulated at the protein and transcriptional levels. Chemokine-directed chemopreventive strategies should therefore directly neutralize MCP proteins or target molecular pathways contributing to their enhanced translation or reduced degradation, rather than aiming at CCL2, CCL7 or CCL8 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Wierzbicki
- Department of Minimally Invasive Surgery and Proctology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (M.K.-K.)
| | - Artur Lipiński
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Iwona Bednarz-Misa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (I.B.-M.); (Ł.L.); (P.L.)
| | - Łukasz Lewandowski
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (I.B.-M.); (Ł.L.); (P.L.)
| | - Katarzyna Neubauer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Paulina Lewandowska
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (I.B.-M.); (Ł.L.); (P.L.)
| | - Małgorzata Krzystek-Korpacka
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (I.B.-M.); (Ł.L.); (P.L.)
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (M.K.-K.)
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Silva MROBD, M. da Silva G, Silva ALFD, Lima LRAD, Bezerra RP, Marques DDAV. Bioactive Compounds of Arthrospira spp. (Spirulina) with Potential Anticancer Activities: A Systematic Review. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:2057-2067. [PMID: 34597512 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Arthrospira, a genus of blue-green cyanobacteria, is known for its great biological activity due to the presence of a large number of substances that are potentially active against tumor cells. This review aimed to evaluate the potential of Arthrospira spp. for the treatment or reduction of several types of cancer, in addition to elucidating the mechanism of action by which their compounds act on tumor cells. A systematic review was carried out in PubMed, Science Direct, LILACS, and SciELO databases, including original studies from 2009 to 2020. A total of 1306 articles were independently assessed according to the eligibility criteria, of which 20 articles were selected and assessed for the risk of bias using seven criteria developed by the authors. Arthrospira spp. of cyanobacteria have been evaluated against eight different types of cancer, mainly colon cancer. Among all the compounds, phycocyanin was the most used, followed by peptides and photosensitizers. In general, compounds from Arthrospira spp. act as anticancer agents by inhibiting the proliferation of tumor cells, triggering cell cycle arrest, and inducing apoptosis via different signaling pathways. In addition, these compounds also exhibited antioxidant, antiangiogenic, and antimetastatic activities. Phycocyanin demonstrated better efficacy against several types of cancer via different activities and therapeutic targets. Furthermore, it was the only molecule that functioned in synergy with other drugs that are already well established for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rafaele O. B. da Silva
- Applied Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, Biological Science Institute, University of Pernambuco (UPE), Arnóbio Marques, 50100-130 Recife, PE, Brazil
- Laboratory of Biotechnology Applied to Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Biological Science Institute, University of Pernambuco (UPE), Arnóbio Marques, 50100-130 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Gisele M. da Silva
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, University of Pernambuco (UPE), Capitão Pedro Rodrigues, 55294-902 Garanhus, PE, Brazil
| | - Amannda L. F. da Silva
- Laboratory of Biotechnology Applied to Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Biological Science Institute, University of Pernambuco (UPE), Arnóbio Marques, 50100-130 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Luiza R. A. de Lima
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, University of Pernambuco (UPE), Capitão Pedro Rodrigues, 55294-902 Garanhus, PE, Brazil
| | - Raquel P. Bezerra
- Animal Morphology and Physiology Department, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Dom Manoel de Medeiros Avenue, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Daniela de A. V. Marques
- Laboratory of Biotechnology Applied to Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Biological Science Institute, University of Pernambuco (UPE), Arnóbio Marques, 50100-130 Recife, PE, Brazil
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Szczuka I, Wierzbicki J, Serek P, Szczęśniak-Sięga BM, Krzystek-Korpacka M. Heat Shock Proteins HSPA1 and HSP90AA1 Are Upregulated in Colorectal Polyps and Can Be Targeted in Cancer Cells by Anti-Inflammatory Oxicams with Arylpiperazine Pharmacophore and Benzoyl Moiety Substitutions at Thiazine Ring. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1588. [PMID: 34827586 PMCID: PMC8615942 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins HSPA1/Hsp70α and HSP90AA1/Hsp90α are crucial for cancer growth but their expression pattern in colorectal polyps or whether they can be modulated by oxicams is unknown. We quantified (RTqPCR) HSPA1 and HSP90AA1 expression in 50 polyp-normal pairs in relation to polyp malignancy potential and examined the effect of piroxicam, meloxicam and five novel analogues on HSPA1 and HSP90AA1 expression (mRNA/protein) in colorectal adenocarcinoma lines. HSPA1 and HSP90AA1 were upregulated in polyps by 3- and 2.9-fold. Expression ratios were higher in polyps with higher dysplasia grade and dominant villous growth pattern, mostly a result of diminished gene expression in normal tissue. Classic oxicams had negligible/non-significant effect on HSP expression. Their most effective analogue inhibited HSPA1 protein and gene by 2.5-fold and 5.7-fold in Caco-2 and by 11.5-fold and 6.8-fold in HCT116 and HSPA1 protein in HT-29 by 1.9-fold. It downregulated HSP90AA1 protein and gene by 1.9-fold and 3.7-fold in Caco-2 and by 2-fold and 5.0-fold in HCT116. HSPA1 and HSP90AA1 are upregulated in colorectal polyps reflecting their potential for malignancy. HSPA1 in cancer cells and, to lesser degree, HSP90AA1 can be reduced by oxicam analogues with thiazine ring substituted via propylene linker by arylpiperazine pharmacophore with fluorine substituents and by benzoyl moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Szczuka
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (I.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Jarosław Wierzbicki
- Department of Minimally Invasive Surgery and Proctology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Paweł Serek
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (I.S.); (P.S.)
| | | | - Małgorzata Krzystek-Korpacka
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (I.S.); (P.S.)
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Wan M, Zhao H, Guo J, Yan L, Zhang D, Bai W, Li Y. Comparison of C-phycocyanin from extremophilic Galdieria sulphuraria and Spirulina platensis on stability and antioxidant capacity. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Han P, Li J, Zhong H, Xie J, Zhang P, Lu Q, Li J, Xu P, Chen P, Leng L, Zhou W. Anti-oxidation properties and therapeutic potentials of spirulina. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Phycocyanin from Arthrospira platensis as Potential Anti-Cancer Drug: Review of In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11020091. [PMID: 33513794 PMCID: PMC7911896 DOI: 10.3390/life11020091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of cytostatic drugs or natural substances to inhibit cancer growth and progression is an important and evolving subject of cancer research. There has been a surge of interest in marine bioresources, particularly algae, as well as cyanobacteria and their bioactive ingredients. Dried biomass products of Arthrospira and Chlorella have been categorized as “generally recognized as safe” (GRAS) by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Of particular importance is an ingredient of Arthrospira: phycocyanin, a blue-red fluorescent, water-soluble and non-toxic biliprotein pigment. It is reported to be the main active ingredient of Arthrospira and was shown to have therapeutic properties, including anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, immune-modulatory and anti-cancer activities. In the present review, in vitro and in vivo data on the effects of phycocyanin on various tumor cells and on cells from healthy tissues are summarized. The existing knowledge of underlying molecular mechanisms, and strategies to improve the efficiency of potential phycocyanin-based anti-cancer therapies are discussed.
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Phycobiliproteins: Molecular structure, production, applications, and prospects. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 37:340-353. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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15
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Ercolano G, De Cicco P, Ianaro A. New Drugs from the Sea: Pro-Apoptotic Activity of Sponges and Algae Derived Compounds. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E31. [PMID: 30621025 PMCID: PMC6356258 DOI: 10.3390/md17010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural compounds derived from marine organisms exhibit a wide variety of biological activities. Over the last decades, a great interest has been focused on the anti-tumour role of sponges and algae that constitute the major source of these bioactive metabolites. A substantial number of chemically different structures from different species have demonstrated inhibition of tumour growth and progression by inducing apoptosis in several types of human cancer. The molecular mechanisms by which marine natural products activate apoptosis mainly include (1) a dysregulation of the mitochondrial pathway; (2) the activation of caspases; and/or (3) increase of death signals through transmembrane death receptors. This great variety of mechanisms of action may help to overcome the multitude of resistances exhibited by different tumour specimens. Therefore, products from marine organisms and their synthetic derivates might represent promising sources for new anticancer drugs, both as single agents or as co-adjuvants with other chemotherapeutics. This review will focus on some selected bioactive molecules from sponges and algae with pro-apoptotic potential in tumour cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Ercolano
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Paola De Cicco
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Angela Ianaro
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
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Chemopreventive action of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in 9,10-dimethylbenzanthracene induced lung carcinogenesis in BALB/C mice: Expression of COX-1, COX-2 and Nf-κB. J Appl Biomed 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Jiang L, Wang Y, Yin Q, Liu G, Liu H, Huang Y, Li B. Phycocyanin: A Potential Drug for Cancer Treatment. J Cancer 2017; 8:3416-3429. [PMID: 29151925 PMCID: PMC5687155 DOI: 10.7150/jca.21058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Phycocyanin isolated from marine organisms has the characteristics of high efficiency and low toxicity, and it can be used as a functional food. It has been reported that phycocyanin has anti-oxidative function, anti-inflammatory activity, anti-cancer function, immune enhancement function, liver and kidney protection pharmacological effects. Thus, phycocyanin has an important development and utilization as a potential drug, and phycocyanin has become a new hot spot in the field of drug research. So far, there are more and more studies have shown that phycocyanin has the anti-cancer effect, which can block the proliferation of cancer cells and kill cancer cells. Phycocyanin exerts anti-cancer activity by blocking tumor cell cell cycle, inducing tumor cell apoptosis and autophagy, thereby phycocyanin can serve as a promising anti-cancer agent. This review discusses the therapeutic use of phycocyanin and focuses on the latest advances of phycocyanin as a promising anti-cancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangqian Jiang
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic medical college, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China, 266071
| | - Yujuan Wang
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic medical college, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China, 266071
| | - Qifeng Yin
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic medical college, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China, 266071
| | - Guoxiang Liu
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic medical college, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China, 266071
| | - Huihui Liu
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic medical college, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China, 266071
| | - Yajing Huang
- Basic medical college, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China, 266071
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic medical college, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China, 266071
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Martínez-Palma NY, Dávila-Ortiz G, Jiménez-Martínez C, Madrigal-Bujaidar E, Álvarez-González I. Chemopreventive and Antioxidant Effect of Polyphenol Free Spirulina maxima and Its Hydrolyzed Protein Content: Investigation on Azoxymethane Treated Mice. Pharmacogn Mag 2017; 13:S164-S169. [PMID: 28808375 PMCID: PMC5538149 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.210197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spirulina maxima (Sm) is known to have nutritive value as well as a number of potentially useful biomedical properties. OBJECTIVES The initial purpose of this report was to evaluate the inhibitory effect of the alga (without its polyphenol content), on the induction of azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colon aberrant crypts (AC) in mouse. Besides, we hydrolyzed the protein content of such mixture. Our second aim was to determine the inhibitory potential of this last plant mixture on the AOM-induced colon AC in mouse. Moreover, we also determined the effect of the two indicated Sm samples on the oxidative damage caused by AOM in the colon and liver of treated mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS The experiment lasted 5 weeks. At the end, we registered the level of AC, nitric oxide, and the lipid and protein oxidation. RESULTS Our results showed the following: (1) the carcinogen increased more than 18 times the amount of the AC found in the control group. (2) On the contrary, the two tested mixtures of Sm produced a significant reduction over this damage (about 45%). (3) The two tested Sm mixtures were generally able to reduce the oxidative stress markers although with variable effects which go from 59% to 100% with respect to the control mice. CONCLUSION Therefore, the present report established that the tested Sm fractions have mouse colon anticarcinogenic potential, partially related with their antioxidant capacity. Our report also suggested the need to further evaluate specific Sm chemicals as chemopreventive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikte Y. Martínez-Palma
- Chemical Food Laboratory, National School of Biological Sciences, National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, México
- Laboratory of Genetics, National School of Biological Sciences, National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, México
| | - Gloria Dávila-Ortiz
- Chemical Food Laboratory, National School of Biological Sciences, National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, México
| | - Cristian Jiménez-Martínez
- Chemical Food Laboratory, National School of Biological Sciences, National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, México
| | - Eduardo Madrigal-Bujaidar
- Laboratory of Genetics, National School of Biological Sciences, National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, México
| | - Isela Álvarez-González
- Laboratory of Genetics, National School of Biological Sciences, National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, México
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Yarla NS, Bishayee A, Sethi G, Reddanna P, Kalle AM, Dhananjaya BL, Dowluru KSVGK, Chintala R, Duddukuri GR. Targeting arachidonic acid pathway by natural products for cancer prevention and therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2016; 40-41:48-81. [PMID: 26853158 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (AA) pathway, a metabolic process, plays a key role in carcinogenesis. Hence, AA pathway metabolic enzymes phospholipase A2s (PLA2s), cyclooxygenases (COXs) and lipoxygenases (LOXs) and their metabolic products, such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes, have been considered novel preventive and therapeutic targets in cancer. Bioactive natural products are a good source for development of novel cancer preventive and therapeutic drugs, which have been widely used in clinical practice due to their safety profiles. AA pathway inhibitory natural products have been developed as chemopreventive and therapeutic agents against several cancers. Curcumin, resveratrol, apigenin, anthocyans, berberine, ellagic acid, eugenol, fisetin, ursolic acid, [6]-gingerol, guggulsteone, lycopene and genistein are well known cancer chemopreventive agents which act by targeting multiple pathways, including COX-2. Nordihydroguaiaretic acid and baicalein can be chemopreventive molecules against various cancers by inhibiting LOXs. Several PLA2s inhibitory natural products have been identified with chemopreventive and therapeutic potentials against various cancers. In this review, we critically discuss the possible utility of natural products as preventive and therapeutic agents against various oncologic diseases, including prostate, pancreatic, lung, skin, gastric, oral, blood, head and neck, colorectal, liver, cervical and breast cancers, by targeting AA pathway. Further, the current status of clinical studies evaluating AA pathway inhibitory natural products in cancer is reviewed. In addition, various emerging issues, including bioavailability, toxicity and explorability of combination therapy, for the development of AA pathway inhibitory natural products as chemopreventive and therapeutic agents against human malignancy are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagendra Sastry Yarla
- Department of Biochemisty/Bionformatics, Institute of Science, GITAM University, Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam 530 045, Adhra Pradesh, India
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Larkin Health Sciences Institute, 18301 N. Miami Avenue, Miami, FL 33169, USA.
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore; School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Biosciences Research Precinct, Curtin University, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Pallu Reddanna
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500 046, Telagana, India
| | - Arunasree M Kalle
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500 046, Telagana, India; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Laboratory of Human Environmental Epigenomes, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Bhadrapura Lakkappa Dhananjaya
- Toxinology/Toxicology and Drug Discovery Unit, Center for Emerging Technologies, Jain Global Campus, Jain University, Kanakapura Taluk, Ramanagara 562 112, Karnataka, India
| | - Kaladhar S V G K Dowluru
- Department of Biochemisty/Bionformatics, Institute of Science, GITAM University, Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam 530 045, Adhra Pradesh, India; Department of Microbiology and Bioinformatics, Bilaspur University, Bilaspur 495 001, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Ramakrishna Chintala
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Science, GITAM University, Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam 530 045, Adhra Pradesh, India
| | - Govinda Rao Duddukuri
- Department of Biochemisty/Bionformatics, Institute of Science, GITAM University, Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam 530 045, Adhra Pradesh, India.
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Medical Application of Spirulina platensis Derived C-Phycocyanin. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:7803846. [PMID: 27293463 PMCID: PMC4879233 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7803846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Revised: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Along with the development of marine biological pharmaceutical research, high-effective and low-toxic drugs and functional foods isolated from marine organisms have become a new field of pharmacy and bromatology. The pharmacological actions, such as anti-inflammation, antioxidation, antitumor, immunological enhancement, and hepatorenal protection of C-phycocyanin (C-PC) from Spirulina platensis, have been reported, and C-PC has important value of development and utilization either as drug or as functional food. There are many researches about the various pharmacological actions and mechanisms of C-PC, but related reports are only to some extent integrated deeply and accurately enough, which put some limitations to the further application of C-PC in medicine. Particularly, with the improvement of living standards and attention to health issues, C-PC being a functional food is preferred by more and more people. C-PC is easy to get, safe, and nontoxic; thus, it has a great potential of research and development as a drug or functional food. Here, the separation and purification, physicochemical properties, physiological and pharmacological activities, safety, and some applications are reviewed to provide relevant basis for the development of natural medicine and applied products.
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Ravi M, Tentu S, Baskar G, Rohan Prasad S, Raghavan S, Jayaprakash P, Jeyakanthan J, Rayala SK, Venkatraman G. Molecular mechanism of anti-cancer activity of phycocyanin in triple-negative breast cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:768. [PMID: 26499490 PMCID: PMC4619068 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1784-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Triple-negative breast cancers represent an important clinical challenge, as these cancers do not respond to conventional endocrine therapies or other available targeted agents. Phycocyanin (PC), a natural, water soluble and non-toxic molecule is shown to have potent anti-cancer property. Methods In this study, we determined the efficacy of PC as an anti-neoplastic agent in vitro on a series of breast cancer cell lines. We studied effects of PC in inducing DNA damage and apoptosis through western blot and qPCR. Also, anti-metastatic and anti-angiogenic properties were studied by classic wound healing and vasculogenic mimicry assays. Results We found that triple negative MDA-MB-231 cells were most sensitive to PC (IC50 : 5.98 ± 0.95 μM) as compared to other cells. They also showed decreased cell proliferation and reduced colony formation ability upon treatment with PC. Profile of Cell cycle analysis showed that PC caused G1 arrest which could be attributed to decreased mRNA levels of Cyclin E and CDK-2 and increased p21 levels. Mechanistic studies revealed that PC induced apoptosis as evident by increase in percentage of annexin positive cells, increase in γ-H2AX levels, and by changing the Bcl-2/Bax ratio followed by release of cytochrome C and increased Caspase 9 levels. MDA MB 231 cells treated with PC resulted in decreased cell migration and increased cell adhesive property and also showed anti-angiogenic effects. We also observed that PC suppressed cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and prostaglandin E(2) production. All these biological effects of phycocyanin on MDA MB 231 cells could be attributed to decreased MAPK signaling pathway. We also observed that PC is non-toxic to non-malignant cells, platelets and RBC’s. Conclusion Taken together, these findings demonstrate, for the first time, that PC may be a promising anti-neoplastic agent for treatment of triple negative breast cancers. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-015-1784-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathangi Ravi
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, 600116, India.
| | - Shilpa Tentu
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IITM), Chennai, 600036, India.
| | - Ganga Baskar
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, 600116, India.
| | - Surabhi Rohan Prasad
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IITM), Chennai, 600036, India.
| | - Swetha Raghavan
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IITM), Chennai, 600036, India.
| | | | | | - Suresh K Rayala
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IITM), Chennai, 600036, India.
| | - Ganesh Venkatraman
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, 600116, India.
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Álvarez-González I, Islas-Islas V, Chamorro-Cevallos G, Barrios JP, Paniagua N, Vásquez-Garzón VR, Villa-Treviño S, Osiris-Madrigal-Santillán, Morales-González JA, Madrigal-Bujaidar E. Inhibitory Effect of Spirulina maxima on the Azoxymethane-induced Aberrant Colon Crypts and Oxidative Damage in Mice. Pharmacogn Mag 2015; 11:S619-24. [PMID: 27013804 PMCID: PMC4787098 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.172973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spirulina maxima (Sm) is a cyanobacterium well known because of its high nutritive value, as well as its anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperlipidemic, antioxidant, and anti-genotoxic activities. OBJECTIVE To determine the capacity of Sm to inhibit the induction of aberrant colon crypts (AC), as well as the level of lipid peroxidation and DNA oxidative damage in mice treated with azoxymethane (AOM). MATERIALS AND METHODS Sm (100, 400, and 800 mg/kg) was daily administered to animals by the oral route during 4 weeks, while AOM (10 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected to mice twice in weeks 2 and 3 of the assay. We also included a control group of mice orally administered with distilled water along the assay, as well as other group orally administered with the high dose of Sm. RESULTS A significant decrease in the number of AC with the three tested doses of Sm, with a mean protection of 51.6% respect to the damage induced by AOM. Also, with the three doses of the alga, we found a reduction in the level of lipoperoxidation, as well as in regard to the percentage of the DNA adduct 8-hydroxy-2'- deoxyguanosine. CONCLUSION Sm possesses anti-precarcinogenic potential in vivo, as well as capacity to reduce the oxidative damage induced by AOM. SUMMARY Azoxymethane (AOM) induced a high number of colon aberrant crypts in mouse. It also increased the level of peroxidation and of DNA oxidation in the same organ.Spirulina maxima significantly reduced the number of AOM-induced colon aberrant crypts in mouse. It also reduced the AOM-induced lipid and DNA oxidation in mouse.The results suggest a chemopreventive potential for the tested algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isela Álvarez-González
- Department of Morphology, Genetics Laboratory, National School of Biological Sciences, National Polytechnic Institute, Av. Wilfredo Massieu s/n. Lindavista, D. F. 07738, México
| | - Víctor Islas-Islas
- Department of Morphology, Genetics Laboratory, National School of Biological Sciences, National Polytechnic Institute, Av. Wilfredo Massieu s/n. Lindavista, D. F. 07738, México
| | - Germán Chamorro-Cevallos
- Department of Pharmacy, Preclinical Toxicology, National School of Biological Sciences, National Polytechnic Institute, Av. Wilfredo Massieu s/n. Lindavista, D. F. 07738, México
| | - Juan Pablo Barrios
- Department of Pharmacy, Preclinical Toxicology, National School of Biological Sciences, National Polytechnic Institute, Av. Wilfredo Massieu s/n. Lindavista, D. F. 07738, México
| | - Norma Paniagua
- Department of Physiology, National School of Biological Sciences, National Polytechnic Institute, Av. Wilfredo Massieu s/n. Lindavista, D. F. 07738, México
| | - Verónica R. Vásquez-Garzón
- Department of Cellular Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, National Polytechnic Institute, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, D.F. 07360, México
- Cathedra-CONACYT, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Autonomous University “Benito Juárez” of Oaxaca, Av. Universidad s/n, Exhacienda de Cinco Señores, Oaxaca de Juárez, 68120, México
| | - Saúl Villa-Treviño
- Department of Cellular Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, National Polytechnic Institute, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, D.F. 07360, México
| | - Osiris-Madrigal-Santillán
- Department of Conservation Medicine, Superior School of Medicine, National Polytechnic Institute, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, D. F. 11340, México
| | - José Antonio Morales-González
- Department of Conservation Medicine, Superior School of Medicine, National Polytechnic Institute, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, D. F. 11340, México
| | - Eduardo Madrigal-Bujaidar
- Department of Morphology, Genetics Laboratory, National School of Biological Sciences, National Polytechnic Institute, Av. Wilfredo Massieu s/n. Lindavista, D. F. 07738, México
- Correspondence: Dr. Eduardo Madrigal-Bujaidar, Genetics Laboratory, Department of Morphology, National School of Biological Sciences, National Polytechnic Institute, Av. Wilfredo Massieu s/n. Lindavista, D.F. 07738, México E-mail:
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Saini MK, Sanyal SN. Cell Cycle Regulation and Apoptotic Cell Death in Experimental Colon Carcinogenesis: Intervening with Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors. Nutr Cancer 2015; 67:620-36. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2015.1015743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Walia S, Kamal R, Kanwar SS, Dhawan DK. Cyclooxygenase as a Target in Chemoprevention by Probiotics During 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine Induced Colon Carcinogenesis in Rats. Nutr Cancer 2015; 67:603-11. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2015.1011788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Piroxicam and c-phycocyanin prevent colon carcinogenesis by inhibition of membrane fluidity and canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling while up-regulating ligand dependent transcription factor PPARγ. Biomed Pharmacother 2014; 68:537-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2014.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Saini MK, Sanyal SN. Targeting angiogenic pathway for chemoprevention of experimental colon cancer using C-phycocyanin as cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor. Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 92:206-18. [DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2014-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
An angiogenic pathway was studied that involved stromal tissue degradation with matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), vesicular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), and hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) mediated growth regulation in a complex interaction with chemokines, such as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1β (MIP-1β). Gene and protein expression was studied with real-time PCR, Western immunoblot, and immunofluorescence. Morphological and histopathological analysis of tumor was done, as also the activity of MMPs and HIF-1α by gelatin zymography and ELISA. Binding interactions of proteins were studied by molecular docking. Piroxicam, a traditional NSAID and C-phycocyanin, a biliprotein from Spirulina platensis, were utilized in the chemoprevention of DMH-induced rat colon cancer. A significant number of tumors was evident in DMH treated animals, while with piroxicam and C-phycocyanin, the number and size of tumors/lesions were reduced. Colonic tissues showed severe dysplasia, tubular adenoma, and adenocarcinoma from DMH, with invasive features along with signet ring cell carcinoma. No occurrence of carcinoma was detected in either of the drug treatments or in a combination regimen. An elevated VEGF-A, MMP-2, and MMP-9 level was observed, which is required for metastasis and invasion into surrounding tissues. Drugs induced chemoprevention by down-regulating these proteins. Piroxicam docked in VEGF-A binding site of VEGF-A receptors i.e., VEGFR1 and VEGFR2, while phycocyanobilin (a chromophore of C-phycocyanin) docked with VEGFR1 alone. HIF-1α is up-regulated which is associated with increased oxygen demand and angiogenesis. MCP-1 and MIP-1β expression was also found altered in DMH and regulated by the drugs. Anti-angiogenic role of piroxicam and C-phycocyanin is well demonstrated.
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Chamorro-Cevallos G, Garduño-Siciliano L, Martínez-Galero E, Mojica-Villegas A, Pages N, Gutiérrez-Salmeán G. The protective effect of dietary Arthrospira (Spirulina) maxima against mutagenicity induced by benzo[alpha]pyrene in mice. J Med Food 2014; 17:527-34. [PMID: 24787733 PMCID: PMC4025567 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2013.0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Benzo[alpha]pyrene (B[α]P) was used to test the possible antimutagenic effects of Arthrospira (Spirulina) maxima (SP) on male and female mice. SP was orally administered at 0, 200, 400, or 800 mg/kg of body weight to animals of both sexes for 2 weeks before starting the B[α]P (intraperitoneal injection) at 125 mg/kg of body weight for 5 consecutive days. For the male dominant lethal test, each male was caged with two untreated females per week for 3 weeks. For the female dominant lethal test, each female was caged for 1 week with one untreated male. All the females were evaluated 13-15 days after mating for incidence of pregnancy, total corpora lutea, total implants and pre- and postimplant losses. SP protected from B[α]P-induced pre- and postimplant losses in the male dominant lethal test, and from B[α]P-induced postimplantation losses in treated females. Moreover, SP treatment significantly reduced the detrimental effect of B[α]P on the quality of mouse semen. Our results illustrate the protective effects of SP in relation to B[α]P-induced genetic damage to germ cells. We conclude that SP, owing mainly to the presence of phycocyanin, could be of potential clinical interest in cancer treatment or prevention of relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germán Chamorro-Cevallos
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, National School of Biological , Sciences, Adolfo López Mateos Professional Unit, Mexico City, Mexico
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Role of cytokines and Jak3/Stat3 signaling in the 1,2-dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride-induced rat model of colon carcinogenesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 2013; 22:215-28. [DOI: 10.1097/cej.0b013e3283584932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Click RE. Anticancer activity and chemoprevention of xenobiotic organosulfurs in preclinical model systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 1. [PMID: 25383193 PMCID: PMC4222532 DOI: 10.7243/2052-6199-1-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
There seems to be little doubt that xenobiotic and plant derived organosulfur compounds have enormous benefits for in vitro cellular functions and for a multitude of diseases, including cancer. Since there are numerous reviews on anticancer activities of plant organosulfurs, the focus herein will be on alterations associated with xenobiotic organosulfurs. Benefits of 2-mercaptoethanol (2-Me), N-Acetyl-cysteine, cysteamine, thioproline, piroxicam, disulfiram, amifostine, sulindac, celecoxib, oltipraz and their derivates on transplanted homologous tumors and on autochthonous cancers with a viral-, radiation-, chemical carcinogen-, and undefined-etiology are assessed. Because all organosulfurs were not tested for activity in each of the etiology categories, comparative evaluations are restricted. In general, all ‘appeared’ to lower the incidence of cancer irrespective of etiology; however, since most of these values were determined at ages much younger than at a natural-end-of-life-age, differences most likely, instead, reflect a delayed initiation and/or a slowed progression of tumorigenesis. The poorest, long-term benefits of early intervention protocols occurred for viral- and chemical carcinogen-induced cancers. In addition, once tumorigenesis was beyond the initiation stage, outcomes of organosulfur therapies were extremely poor, indicating that they will not be of significant value as stand alone treatments. More importantly, except for the lifetime prevention of spontaneous and radiation-induced mammary tumors by daily dietary 2-Me, similar life long prevention of tumorigenesis was not achieved with other xenobiotics or any of nature’s plant organosulfurs. These results raise an interesting question: Is the variability in incidence found for different organosulfurs associated with (a) their structure, (b) the length of the untreated latency period, (c) treatment duration/dose, and/or (d) the etiology-inducing agent?
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Saini MK, Sanyal SN. PTEN regulates apoptotic cell death through PI3-K/Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway in DMH induced early colon carcinogenesis in rat. Exp Mol Pathol 2012; 93:135-46. [PMID: 22561258 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2012.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Revised: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K) and Akt (protein kinase B), are both essential signaling molecules that are up-regulated in various cancers. Here, we examined the molecular mechanisms by which PI3-K and Akt expression are regulated by glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and the phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) in the early stages of experimental colon carcinogenesis. 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) was utilized for the induction of colon cancer while piroxicam, a traditional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and c-phycocyanin, a biliprotein from Spirulina platensis (cyanobacterium) as the chemopreventive agents. Western blotting and immunofluorescence results indicated that the expression of PI3-K and Akt was promoted in the DMH group while least apoptosis was detected in this group as analyzed by Hoechst 33342-propidium iodide co-staining. DMH group further detected lower GSK-3β and PTEN expression as compared to other groups. Piroxicam and c-phycocyanin treatment resulted significant apoptotic cell death while showing low PI3-K and Akt expressions. Mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ(M)) alterations (examined by JC-1 and rhodamine 123 labeling of colonocytes) and fluorescence intensity measurement of ROS level, were also analyzed showing the raised ΔΨ(M) while reduced ROS levels in DMH group, however piroxicam and c-phycocyanin treatment resulted in falling of ΔΨ(M) although both stimulated the ROS production as analyzed by flow cytometry. The present study thus identified that piroxicam, a traditional NSAID and c-phycocyanin, a newly discovered COX-2 selective inhibitor, constitute remarkable chemopreventive targets in mediating apoptosis in the DMH induced early rat colon carcinogenesis via regulating PI3-K/Akt/GSK-3β/PTEN signaling pathways. Further, a combination of the two drugs provides a better therapeutic option, than the monotherapy regimen.
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