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Ye Y, Shi Y, Wei Z, Liu H, Li W. SIGIRR suppresses hepatitis B virus X protein-induced chronic inflammation in hepatocytes. Gene 2024; 928:148768. [PMID: 39013482 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Although antiviral drugs can effectively inhibit hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication, the maintenance of chronic inflammation in the liver is still considered to be an important cause for the progression of HBV-related liver disease to liver fibrosis and advanced liver disease. As an endogenous inhibitory receptor of IL-1R and TLR signaling pathways, single immunoglobulin interleukin-1-related receptor (SIGIRR) has been proven to reduce inflammation in tissues to maintain system homeostasis. However, the relationship between SIGIRR expression and HBV replication and inflammatory pathway activation in hepatocytes remains unclear. In this study, hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) upregulated MyD88 in liver cells, promoting NF-κB signaling and inflammatory factor production with LPS treatment, and the cell supernatant accelerated the activation and collagen secretion of hepatic stellate cells. However, SIGIRR overexpression suppressed HBx-mediated MyD88/NF-κB inflammatory signaling activation and inflammatory cytokine production induced by LPS in hepatocytes and HBV replication hepatocytes. Although we did not find any effect of SIGIRR on HBV replication in vitro, this study investigated the role of SIGIRR in blocking the proinflammatory function of HBx, which may provide a new idea for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanshuo Ye
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Yunpeng Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Zhenhong Wei
- Scientifc Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin, China.
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin, China.
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2
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Tian F, Lei J, Ni Y, Zhong D, Xie N, Ma J, Wang H, Si S, Wu Y, Jiang T. Regulation of CD18 stability by SIGIRR-modulated ubiquitination: new insights into the relationship between innate immune response and acute lung injury. FEBS J 2022; 290:2721-2743. [PMID: 36527283 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Inappropriate accumulation of alveolar macrophages (AMs) and subsequent excessive production of immune responses play critical roles in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI), but the core negative regulators governing innate signalling in AMs are ill defined. We have previously shown that single immunoglobin IL-1 receptor-related protein (SIGIRR), a negative regulator of IL-1 receptor and Toll-like receptor signalling, inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in AMs. To address the biological relevance of SIGIRR in vivo, we generated a murine ALI model via intratracheal instillation of LPS. Intriguingly, SIGIRR expression was observed to be decreased in resident and recruited macrophages during ALI. This decrease was associated with parallel induction in CD18 protein levels in LPS-challenged lung tissues. Through intranasal injection of SIGIRR lentiviral particles studies, we showed that the overexpression of SIGIRR attenuated recruitment of macrophages and neutrophils, decreased production of inflammatory cytokines and ameliorated pathological changes in lungs. Whilst exploring the basis for this phenotype, SIGIRR was found to be coexpressed with CD18 in AMs, and SIGIRR potentiated the instability of CD18 protein via enhancement of its ubiquitination and proteasome degradation. Conversely, by using CD18-/- mice, we further observed that CD18 deletion completely abolished the therapeutic effects of overexpression of SIGIRR on LPS-induced ALI. Mover, overexpression of CD18 in AMs promoted adhesion to ECM components, enhanced TLR4-mediated inflammasome activation and thereby potentiated IL-1β production. These data collectively identify SIGIRR/CD18 as a key negative regulatory circuit maintaining innate immune homeostasis in AMs along the pathogenesis of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Tian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jie Lei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yunfeng Ni
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Daixing Zhong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Nianlin Xie
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haiqiang Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shaokui Si
- Department of Respiration, Third Hospital of Baoji, Baoji, China
| | - Yumei Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
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3
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Xie Y, Gao S, Cao Y, Ji Y, Zhang Q, Wei Y, Qi Z. Molecular characterization and functional analysis of DIGIRR from golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus). Front Immunol 2022; 13:974310. [PMID: 36091048 PMCID: PMC9448908 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.974310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian single immunoglobulin (Ig) interleukin-1 receptor related molecule (SIGIRR), an important member of the Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) family, plays important balancing roles in the inflammatory responses. In the present study, the double Ig interleukin-1 receptor related molecule (DIGIRR), the homologous of SIGIRR, was characterized in golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus) (termed as trDIGIRR). The full-length cDNA of trDIGIRR was 2,167 bp with an open reading frame (ORF) of 1,572 bp encoding 523 amino acids. The trDIGIRR contained several conserved domains including a signal peptide, two Ig domains, a transmembrane domain and a TIR domain, and shared high sequence identities with its teleost counterparts. Realtime qPCR analysis revealed that the trDIGIRR was distributed in all tissues examined, with high expressions in intestine, liver and head kidney. The expressions of trDIGIRR were induced by Vibrio alginolyticus, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) challenge. Further analysis revealed that trDIGIRR was mainly located in the cytoplasm. In addition, the co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) assay identified that trDIGIRR could interact with myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), but not interact with TIR domain containing adaptor protein inducing interferon-β (TRIF). Our results provide basis for studying the immune role of fish DIGIRR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushuai Xie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology of Marine Wetland, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, China
| | - Shuangshuang Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yiwen Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology of Marine Wetland, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, China
| | - Yuexin Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Qihuan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology of Marine Wetland, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, China
| | - Youchuan Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- *Correspondence: Zhitao Qi, ; Youchuan Wei,
| | - Zhitao Qi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology of Marine Wetland, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, China
- *Correspondence: Zhitao Qi, ; Youchuan Wei,
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4
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Bodaszewska-Lubas M, Liao Y, Zegar A, Szelest O, Dobrucki J, Bulek K. Dominant-Negative Form of SIGIRR: SIGIRR ΔE8 Promotes Tumor Growth Through Regulation of Metabolic Pathways. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2022; 42:482-492. [PMID: 35900274 PMCID: PMC9527062 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2022.0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma is the leading cause of cancer-related death. Previously we have shown that tumor suppressor single immunoglobulin interleukin-1-related receptor (SIGIRR) is frequently inactivated in human colorectal cancer by the increased expression of a novel SIGIRR isoform (SIGIRRΔE8). SIGIRRΔE8 showed increased retention in the cytoplasm and loss of complex glycan modification compared to the full-length SIGIRR. Now we found that the arginine residues located in the C-terminus of SIGIRRΔE8 serve as an endoplasmic reticulum retention signal and are required for resident protein ribophorin 1 (RPN1) interaction. In addition, we found that SIGIRRΔE8 exerts a direct impact on cell metabolism through interaction with the adenosine triphosphate synthase in the colorectal cancer cells. SIGIRRΔE8 expression promoted the metabolic shift through upregulation of mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway and dysregulation of mitochondrial function to promote survival and proliferation of colon cancer cells in xenograft model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Bodaszewska-Lubas
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Yun Liao
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Aneta Zegar
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Oskar Szelest
- Department of Cell Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jurek Dobrucki
- Department of Cell Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bulek
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.,Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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5
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Burclaff J, Bliton RJ, Breau KA, Ok MT, Gomez-Martinez I, Ranek JS, Bhatt AP, Purvis JE, Woosley JT, Magness ST. A Proximal-to-Distal Survey of Healthy Adult Human Small Intestine and Colon Epithelium by Single-Cell Transcriptomics. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 13:1554-1589. [PMID: 35176508 PMCID: PMC9043569 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Single-cell transcriptomics offer unprecedented resolution of tissue function at the cellular level, yet studies analyzing healthy adult human small intestine and colon are sparse. Here, we present single-cell transcriptomics covering the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and ascending, transverse, and descending colon from 3 human beings. METHODS A total of 12,590 single epithelial cells from 3 independently processed organ donors were evaluated for organ-specific lineage biomarkers, differentially regulated genes, receptors, and drug targets. Analyses focused on intrinsic cell properties and their capacity for response to extrinsic signals along the gut axis across different human beings. RESULTS Cells were assigned to 25 epithelial lineage clusters. Multiple accepted intestinal stem cell markers do not specifically mark all human intestinal stem cells. Lysozyme expression is not unique to human Paneth cells, and Paneth cells lack expression of expected niche factors. Bestrophin 4 (BEST4)+ cells express Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and show maturational differences between the small intestine and colon. Tuft cells possess a broad ability to interact with the innate and adaptive immune systems through previously unreported receptors. Some classes of mucins, hormones, cell junctions, and nutrient absorption genes show unappreciated regional expression differences across lineages. The differential expression of receptors and drug targets across lineages show biological variation and the potential for variegated responses. CONCLUSIONS Our study identifies novel lineage marker genes, covers regional differences, shows important differences between mouse and human gut epithelium, and reveals insight into how the epithelium responds to the environment and drugs. This comprehensive cell atlas of the healthy adult human intestinal epithelium resolves likely functional differences across anatomic regions along the gastrointestinal tract and advances our understanding of human intestinal physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Burclaff
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - R Jarrett Bliton
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill/North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Keith A Breau
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Meryem T Ok
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill/North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Ismael Gomez-Martinez
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jolene S Ranek
- Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Aadra P Bhatt
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jeremy E Purvis
- Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - John T Woosley
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Scott T Magness
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill/North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
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6
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Martin P, Goldstein JD, Mermoud L, Diaz-Barreiro A, Palmer G. IL-1 Family Antagonists in Mouse and Human Skin Inflammation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:652846. [PMID: 33796114 PMCID: PMC8009184 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.652846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-1 family cytokines initiate inflammatory responses, and shape innate and adaptive immunity. They play important roles in host defense, but excessive immune activation can also lead to the development of chronic inflammatory diseases. Dysregulated IL-1 family signaling is observed in a variety of skin disorders. In particular, IL-1 family cytokines have been linked to the pathogenesis of psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. The biological activity of pro-inflammatory IL-1 family agonists is controlled by the natural receptor antagonists IL-1Ra and IL-36Ra, as well as by the regulatory cytokines IL-37 and IL-38. These four anti-inflammatory IL-1 family members are constitutively and highly expressed at steady state in the epidermis, where keratinocytes are a major producing cell type. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge concerning their regulatory roles in skin biology and inflammation and their therapeutic potential in human inflammatory skin diseases. We further highlight some common misunderstandings and less well-known observations, which persist in the field despite recent extensive interest for these cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praxedis Martin
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jérémie D. Goldstein
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Loïc Mermoud
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alejandro Diaz-Barreiro
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gaby Palmer
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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7
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Li L, Wei J, Suber TL, Ye Q, Miao J, Li S, Taleb SJ, Tran KC, Tamaskar AS, Zhao J, Zhao Y. IL-37-induced activation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β promotes IL-1R8/Sigirr phosphorylation, internalization, and degradation in lung epithelial cells. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:5676-5685. [PMID: 33400290 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-37 diminishes a variety of inflammatory responses through ligation to its receptor IL-1R8/Sigirr. Sigirr is a Toll like receptor/IL-1R family member. We have shown that Sigirr is not stable in response to IL-37 treatment. IL-37-induced Sigirr degradation is mediated by the ubiquitin-proteasome system, and the process is reversed by a deubiquitinase, USP13. However, the molecular mechanisms by which USP13 regulates Sigirr stability have not been revealed. In this study, we investigate the roles of glycogen synthesis kinase 3β (GSK3β) in Sigirr phosphorylation and stability. IL-37 stimulation induced Sigirr phosphorylation and degradation, as well as activation of GSK3β. Inhibition of GSK3β attenuated IL-37-induced Sigirr phosphorylation, while exogenous expressed GSK3β promoted Sigirr phosphorylation at threonine (T)372 residue. Sigirr association with GSK3β was detected. Amino acid residues 51-101 in GSK3β were identified as the Sigirr binding domain. These data indicate that GSK3β mediates IL-37-induced threonine phosphorylation of Sigirr. Further, we investigated the role of GSK3β-mediated phosphorylation of Sigirr in Sigirr degradation. Inhibition of GSK3β attenuated IL-37-induced Sigirr degradation, while T372 mutant of Sigirr was resistant to IL-37-mediated degradation. Furthermore, inhibition of Sigirr phosphorylation prevented Sigirr internalization and association with USP13, suggesting GSK3β promotes Sigirr degradation through disrupting Sigirr association with USP13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Li
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jianxin Wei
- Department of Medicine, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tomeka L Suber
- Department of Medicine, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Qinmao Ye
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jiaxing Miao
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Medicine, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sarah J Taleb
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Kevin C Tran
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Arya S Tamaskar
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Yutong Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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8
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Kumar V. Toll-like receptors in sepsis-associated cytokine storm and their endogenous negative regulators as future immunomodulatory targets. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 89:107087. [PMID: 33075714 PMCID: PMC7550173 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis infects more than 48.9 million people world-wide, with 19.7 million deaths. Cytokine storm plays a significant role in sepsis, along with severe COVID-19. TLR signaling pathways plays a crucial role in generating the cytokine storm. Endogenous negative regulators of TLR signaling are crucial to regulate cytokine storm.
Cytokine storm generates during various systemic acute infections, including sepsis and current pandemic called COVID-19 (severe) causing devastating inflammatory conditions, which include multi-organ failure or multi-organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) and death of the patient. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are one of the major pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) expressed by immune cells as well as non-immune cells, including neurons, which play a crucial role in generating cytokine storm. They recognize microbial-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs, expressed by pathogens) and damage or death-associate molecular patterns (DAMPs; released and/expressed by damaged/killed host cells). Upon recognition of MAMPs and DAMPs, TLRs activate downstream signaling pathways releasing several pro-inflammatory mediators [cytokines, chemokines, interferons, and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS or RNS)], which cause acute inflammation meant to control the pathogen and repair the damage. Induction of an exaggerated response due to genetic makeup of the host and/or persistence of the pathogen due to its evasion mechanisms may lead to severe systemic inflammatory condition called sepsis in response to the generation of cytokine storm and organ dysfunction. The activation of TLR-induced inflammatory response is hardwired to the induction of several negative feedback mechanisms that come into play to conclude the response and maintain immune homeostasis. This state-of-the-art review describes the importance of TLR signaling in the onset of the sepsis-associated cytokine storm and discusses various host-derived endogenous negative regulators of TLR signaling pathways. The subject is very important as there is a vast array of genes and processes implicated in these negative feedback mechanisms. These molecules and mechanisms can be targeted for developing novel therapeutic drugs for cytokine storm-associated diseases, including sepsis, severe COVID-19, and other inflammatory diseases, where TLR-signaling plays a significant role.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Kumar
- Children Health Clinical Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Mater Research, University of Queensland, ST Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4078, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, ST Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4078, Australia.
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9
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Al-Kuhlani M, Lambert G, Pal S, de la Maza L, Ojcius DM. Immune response against Chlamydia trachomatis via toll-like receptors is negatively regulated by SIGIRR. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230718. [PMID: 32210474 PMCID: PMC7094862 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common bacterial sexually-transmitted infection and the major cause of preventable blindness worldwide. The asymptomatic nature of many infections along with uncontrolled inflammation leads to irreversible damage in the upper genital tract and the tarsal conjunctivae, with the major complications of infertility and chronic pelvic pain, and blindness, respectively. Inflammation must, therefore, be tightly regulated to avoid an unrestrained immune response. The genetic factors that regulate inflammation through Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathways during C. trachomatis infection have not been fully characterized. SIGIRR (also known as IL-1R8 or TIR8) can regulate inflammation in response to various pathogens and diseases. However, nothing is known about its role during C. trachomatis infection. Expression of the pro-inflammatory chemokine, IL-8, was measured in epithelial cells infected with C. trachomatis. The effect of SIGIRR was determined by depleting SIGIRR or over-expressing SIGIRR in the epithelial cells before infection. Our results indicate that, in the absence of SIGIRR, epithelial cells induce higher levels of the pro-inflammatory chemokine, IL-8, in response to C. trachomatis infection. In addition, SIGIRR associates with MyD88 in both infected and uninfected infected cells. Collectively, our data demonstrate that SIGIRR functions as a negative regulator of the immune response to C. trachomatis infection. This finding provides insights into the immuno-pathogenesis of C. trachomatis that can be used to treat and identify individuals at risk of uncontrolled inflammation during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mufadhal Al-Kuhlani
- Life Science Department, Fresno City College, Fresno, CA, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Arthur Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Graham Lambert
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Touro University Nevada, Henderson, NV, United States of America
| | - Sukumar Pal
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Luis de la Maza
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - David M. Ojcius
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Arthur Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
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10
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Porcine Circovirus Type 2 Induces Single Immunoglobulin Interleukin-1 Related Receptor (SIGIRR) Downregulation to Promote Interleukin-1β Upregulation in Porcine Alveolar Macrophage. Viruses 2019; 11:v11111021. [PMID: 31684202 PMCID: PMC6893714 DOI: 10.3390/v11111021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Multisystemic inflammation in pigs affected by porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) indicates the disordered expression of inflammatory cytokines. However, the PCV2-induced expression profile of inflammation cytokines and its regulating mechanism remain poorly understood. In this study, inflammatory cytokines and receptors in porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) after PCV2 infection were profiled in vitro by an RT2 ProfilerTM PCR array assay. The regulatory mechanism of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) expression was investigated. Results showed that 49 of 84 inflammation cytokines and receptors were differentially expressed (p < 0.05, absolute fold change ≥2) in PAMs at different stages post-PCV2 infection. Moreover, the overexpression of single-immunoglobulin interleukin-1 related receptor (SIGIRR) or the blocking of NF-κB activation by its inhibitor markedly decreased IL-1β secretion. This finding suggested that PCV2-induced overexpression of IL-1β was associated with the downregulation of SIGIRR and the activation of NF-κB. Furthermore, the excessive activity of NF-κB in SIGIRR-knockout PAMs cell line, indicating that SIGIRR negatively regulated IL-1β production by inhibiting the activation of NF-κB. Overall, PCV2-induced downregulation of SIGIRR induction of NF-κB activation is a critical process in enhancing IL-1β production in PAMs. This study may provide insights into the underlying inflammatory response that occurs in pigs following PCV2 infection.
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Ronsley R, Kariminia A, Ng B, Mostafavi S, Reid G, Subrt P, Hijiya N, Schultz KR. The TLR9 agonist (GNKG168) induces a unique immune activation pattern in vivo in children with minimal residual disease positive acute leukemia: Results of the TACL T2009-008 phase I study. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2019; 36:468-481. [PMID: 31530240 DOI: 10.1080/08880018.2019.1667461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: Preclinical studies show that TLR9 agonists can eradicate leukemia by induction of immune responses in vivo against AML and ALL. These studies demonstrated that TLR9 agonists induce an immediate NK response followed by adaptive T and B cells responses resulting in long term anti-leukemia immunity. Methods: The Therapeutic Advances in Childhood Leukemia and Lymphoma Phase I consortium performed a pilot study on 3 patients with MRD positive acute leukemia after an initial remission on conventional chemotherapy (TACL T2009-008) with the TLR 9 agonist (GNKG168). To guide future trial development, we evaluated the impact of GNKG168 by Nanostring on the expression 608 genes before and 8 days after initiation of GNKG168 therapy. Results: Twenty-three out of 578 markers on the nanostring panel showed significant difference (p ≤ 0.05). We focused on 8 markers that had the greatest differences with p < 0.01. Two genes were increased, promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) and H-RAS, and 6 were decreased, Single Ig and TIR Domain containing (SIGIRR, IL1R8), interleukin 1 receptor 1 (IL1RL1, ST2), C-C Motif chemokine receptor 8 (CCR8), interleukin 7 R (IL7R), cluster of differentiation 8B (CD8B), and cluster of differentiation 3 (CD3D). Tumor inhibitory pathways were downregulated including the SIGIRR (IL1R8), important in IL-37 signaling and NK cell inhibition. TLR9 can induce IL-33, which is known to downregulate ST2 (IL1RL1) a receptor for IL-33. Conclusion: GNKG168 therapy is associated with immunologic changes in pediatric leukemia patients. Further work with a larger sample size is required to assess the impact of these changes on disease treatment and persistence of leukemia remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Ronsley
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology & BMT, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, USA
| | - Amina Kariminia
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology & BMT, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, USA.,Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Bernard Ng
- Department of Statistics and Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Sara Mostafavi
- Department of Statistics and Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Gregor Reid
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology & BMT, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, USA.,Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Peter Subrt
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology & BMT, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, USA.,Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Nobuko Hijiya
- Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplant Ann & Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IIllinois, USA
| | - Kirk R Schultz
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology & BMT, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, USA.,Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
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12
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Tang R, Yi J, Yang J, Chen Y, Luo W, Dong S, Fei J. Interleukin-37 inhibits osteoclastogenesis and alleviates inflammatory bone destruction. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:7645-7658. [PMID: 30414292 PMCID: PMC6587950 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Excessive osteoclast formation is one of the important pathological features of inflammatory bone destruction. Interleukin‐37 (IL‐37) is an anti‐inflammatory agent that is present throughout the body, but it displays low physiological retention. In our study, high levels of the IL‐37 protein were detected in clinical specimens from patients with bone infections. However, the impact of IL‐37 on osteoclast formation remains unclear. Next, IL‐37 alleviated the inflammatory bone destruction in the mouse in vivo. We used receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand and lipopolysaccharide to trigger osteoclastogenesis under physiological and pathological conditions to observe the role of IL‐37 in this process and explore the potential mechanism of this phenomenon. In both induction models, IL‐37 exerted inhibitory effects on osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption. Furthermore, IL‐37 decreased the phosphorylation of inhibitor of κBα and p65 and the expression of nuclear factor of activated T cells c1, while the dimerization inhibitor of myeloid differentiation factor 88 reversed the effects. These data provide evidence that IL‐37 modulates osteoclastogenesis and a theoretical basis for the clinical application of IL‐37 as a treatment for bone loss–related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruohui Tang
- Center of Trauma of Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin Yi
- Center of Trauma of Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Center of Trauma of Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yueqi Chen
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Department of Osteological, Guizhou Province People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Shiwu Dong
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Fei
- Center of Trauma of Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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13
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Xiao JP, Wang DY, Wang XR, Yuan L, Hao L, Wang DG. Increased ratio of Th17 cells to SIGIRR +CD4 + T cells in peripheral blood of patients with SLE is associated with disease activity. Biomed Rep 2018; 9:339-344. [PMID: 30233787 DOI: 10.3892/br.2018.1139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the clinical significance of the ratio of T helper cell 17 (Th17) cells to single immunoglobulin IL-1-related receptor (SIGIRR)+ cluster of differentiation (CD4)+ T cells in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), novel data and data from previous studies were analyzed. The frequency of Th17 cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and their correlation with clinical data were evaluated in 48 patients with SLE and 38 healthy controls through flow cytometry. Compared with healthy controls, the percentage of Th17 cells was significantly increased in the PBMCs of patients with SLE (Z=-5.82, P<0.001). Compared with inactive SLE (ISLE), the percentage of Th17 cells in active SLE (ASLE) were significantly increased (Z=-4.26, P<0.0001). Compared with patients without lupus nephritis, the frequency of Th17 cells was significant increased (Z=-2.20, P=0.028). The frequency of Th17 cells was inversely correlated with the frequency of SIGIRR+CD4+ T cells (r=-0.61, P<0.001). The ratio of Th17 cells to SIGIRR+CD4+ T cells in ASLE was significantly increased compared with healthy controls or patients with ISLE (P<0.001) and was inversely correlated with complement component 3 and complement component 4, and positively correlated with SLE disease activity index and 24-h proteinuria (P<0.05). In summary, increased numbers of Th17 cells and decreased numbers of SIGIRR+CD4+ T cells in patients with SLE suggested that SIGIRR+CD4+ T and Th17 cells may be involved in the pathogenesis of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ping Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Dao-Yang Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Rong Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Liang Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Li Hao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - De-Guang Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
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14
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Pierzchalska M, Grabacka M. The potential role of some phytochemicals in recognition of mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns. Mitochondrion 2016; 30:24-34. [PMID: 27288721 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the source of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). DAMPs modulate responses to stress and trauma in animals, influencing the onset of many diseases. Dietary phytochemicals, which target various cellular molecules, are potential modulators of immunological status. In this review the existence of the possible impact of some plant-derived compounds with proven anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties (isothiocyanates and curcumin) on DAMPs recognition is highlighted. Special consideration is given to the mtDNA recognizing Toll-like receptor 9 and formyl peptide receptors. In the context of the phytochemicals action, the role of these receptors in epithelial homeostasis is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Pierzchalska
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Food Technology, The University of Agriculture in Kraków, Poland.
| | - Maja Grabacka
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Food Technology, The University of Agriculture in Kraków, Poland
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15
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Feng W, Gu YF, Nie L, Guo DY, Xiang LX, Shao JZ. Characterization of SIGIRR/IL-1R8 Homolog from Zebrafish Provides New Insights into Its Inhibitory Role in Hepatic Inflammation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:151-67. [PMID: 27206770 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Single Ig IL-1R-related molecule (SIGIRR, also called IL-1R8 or Toll/IL-1R [TIR]8), a negative regulator for Toll/IL-1R signaling, plays critical roles in innate immunity and various diseases in mammals. However, the occurrence of this molecule in ancient vertebrates and its function in liver homeostasis and disorders remain poorly understood. In this study, we identified a SIGIRR homology from zebrafish (Danio rerio [DrSIGIRR]) by using a number of conserved structural and functional hallmarks to its mammalian counterparts. DrSIGIRR was highly expressed in the liver. Ablation of DrSIGIRR by lentivirus-delivered small interfering RNA in the liver significantly enhanced hepatic inflammation in response to polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)] stimulation, as shown by the upregulation of inflammatory cytokines and increased histological disorders. In contrast, depletion of TIR domain-containing adaptor inducing IFN-β (TRIF) or administration of TRIF signaling inhibitor extremely abrogated the poly(I:C)-induced hepatic inflammation. Aided by the zebrafish embryo model, overexpression of DrSIGIRR in vivo significantly inhibited the poly(I:C)- and TRIF-induced NF-κB activations; however, knockdown of DrSIGIRR promoted such activations. Furthermore, pull-down and Duolink in situ proximity ligation assay assays showed that DrSIGIRR can interact with the TRIF protein. Results suggest that DrSIGIRR plays an inhibitory role in TRIF-mediated inflammatory reactions by competitive recruitment of the TRIF adaptor protein from its TLR3/TLR22 receptor. To our knowledge, this study is the first to report a functional SIGIRR homolog that existed in a lower vertebrate. This molecule is essential to establish liver homeostasis under inflammatory stimuli. Overall, the results will enrich the current knowledge about SIGIRR-mediated immunity and disorders in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Feng
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Yi-Feng Gu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Li Nie
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Dong-Yang Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Li-Xin Xiang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Jian-Zhong Shao
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; and Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266200, People's Republic of China
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16
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Li D, Zhang X, Chen B. SIGIRR participates in negative regulation of LPS response and tolerance in human bladder epithelial cells. BMC Immunol 2015; 16:73. [PMID: 26634342 PMCID: PMC4669620 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-015-0137-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The innate immune response of urinary tract is critically important in the defense to microbial attack. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) controls initial mucosal response to uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). However, excessive and dysfunctional TLR signaling may result in severe inflammation and inappropriate tissue damage. Previous studies have demonstrated that single immunoglobulin IL-1R-related receptor/Toll IL-1 receptor 8 (SIGIRR/TIR8) is a member of the toll-interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) family that can negatively modulate TLR4 mediated signaling, but its role in the innate immunity of urinary tract infection remains incompletely defined. In this study, we investigated its cellular distribution and mechanisms involved within the human bladder epithelial cells after LPS stimulation. Results Immunostaining, reverse transcription PCR and Western blot results showed that SIGIRR was constitutively expressed in the human bladder epithelial cell lines and was downregulated after LPS stimulation. To further define the role of SIGIRR, cells were transiently transfected with SIGIRR siRNA and stimulated with LPS. SIGIRR gene silencing augmented chemokine expression in response to LPS, as indicated by increased levels of IL-6 and IL-8 secretions in the supernatants compared with negative control siRNA. Furthermore, LPS tolerance, a protective mechanism against second LPS stimulation, was significantly reduced in SIGIRR siRNA transfected cells. Moreover, transient gene silencing augmented LPS-induced NF-κB and MAPK activation. Conclusions In conclusion, our results suggest that SIGIRR plays an important role in the negative regulation of LPS response and tolerance in human bladder epithelial cells, possibly through its impact on TLR-mediated signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China.
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China.
| | - Baiyi Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China.
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17
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Wang DY, Su C, Chen GM, Pan HF, Wang FM, Liu GL, Hao L, Wang DG, Ye DQ. The decreased frequency of SIGIRR-positive CD4+ T cells in peripheral blood of patients with SLE and its correlation with disease activity. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 42:423-30. [PMID: 25287661 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3783-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Recently, many studies have shown that Single immunoglobulin interleukin-1 receptor related protein (SIGIRR), a member of the IL-1R family acting as a negative regulator of TLR/IL-1R signaling, affects autoimmune responses in animal model of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, the role of SIGIRR in the pathogenesis of human SLE has not been widely explored. In this study, we analyzed the frequency of SIGIRR-positive CD4+ T cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of SLE patients and its correlation with disease activity as well as the clinical data. Circulating SIGIRR-positive CD4+ T cells were quantified in 51 SLE patients and 38 healthy controls by using flow cytometer. Results showed that the percentages of SIGIRR-positive CD4+ T cells were decreased in the PBMCs of SLE patients compared with healthy controls (Z = -5.49, P < 0.001). The frequency of SIGIRR-positive CD4 + T cells were also significantly decreased in SLE patients with nephritis than those without nephritis (Z = -3.71, P < 0.001). In addition, there was significant correlation between the percentages of SIGIRR-positive CD4+ T cells and SLEDAI score (r s = -0.74, P < 0.001), 24-hour urine protein (r s = -0.62, P < 0.001), Scr (r s = -0.65, P < 0.001), ESR (r s = -0.60, P < 0.001), C3 (r s = 0.53, P < 0.001) as well as C4 (r s = 0.52, P < 0.001). However, there was no correlation between the proportion of SIGIRR-positive CD4+ T cells and glucocorticoid dose (P = 0.59). In summary, decreased numbers of SIGIRR-positive CD4+ T cells in SLE patients and its correlation with SLEDAI score as well as the clinical data suggest that SIGIRR may be involved in the pathogenesis of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dao-Yang Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, People's Republic of China
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18
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Barry J, Loh Z, Collison A, Mazzone S, Lalwani A, Zhang V, Davidson S, Wybacz E, Garlanda C, Mantovani A, Mattes J, Foster PS, Phipps S. Absence of Toll-IL-1 receptor 8/single immunoglobulin IL-1 receptor-related molecule reduces house dust mite-induced allergic airway inflammation in mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2013; 49:481-90. [PMID: 23614768 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2012-0425oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease predominately associated with the activation of CD4(+) T helper Type 2 (Th2) cells. Innate pattern recognition receptors are widely acknowledged to shape the adaptive immune response. For example, the activation of airway epithelial Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) is necessary for the generation of house dust mite (HDM)-specific Th2 responses and the development of asthma in mice. Here we sought to determine whether the absence of Toll-interleukin-1 receptor (TIR)-8, a negative regulator of TLR4 signaling that is highly expressed in airway epithelial cells, would exacerbate HDM-induced asthma in a murine model. We found that Th2 but not Th1 or Th17 cytokine expression was significantly reduced in the lung and draining lymph nodes in HDM-sensitized/challenged TIR8 gene-deleted mice. Mucus-producing goblet cells, HDM-specific IgG1, and airway hyperreactivity were also significantly reduced in HDM-exposed, TIR8-deficient mice. Consistent with the attenuated Th2 response, eotaxin-2/CCL24 expression and airway and peribronchial eosinophils were significantly reduced in the absence of TIR8. In contrast, IL-17A-responsive chemokines and neutrophil numbers were unaffected. Similar findings were obtained for cockroach allergen. HDM sensitization alone up-regulated the expression of IL-1F5, a putative TIR8 ligand and inducer of IL-4. Of note, innate IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and IL-33 cytokine expression was reduced during HDM sensitization in the absence of TIR8, as was the recruitment of conventional dendritic cells and basophils to the draining lymph nodes. Our findings suggest that TIR8 enhances the development of HDM-induced innate and adaptive Th2, but not Th1 or Th17 type immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Barry
- Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Diseases and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
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19
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Zhu YY, Su Y, Li ZG, Zhang Y. The largely normal response to Toll-like receptor 7 and 9 stimulation and the enhanced expression of SIGIRR by B cells in systemic lupus erythematosus. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44131. [PMID: 22952899 PMCID: PMC3430643 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Altered Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling has been implicated in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The present study was undertaken to characterize responses of B cells from SLE patients to TLR7 and TLR9 stimulation and to explore the potential role of single immunoglobulin interleukin-1 receptor related molecule (SIGIRR) in the regulation of TLR-mediated responses of SLE B cells. Methodology/Principal Findings Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from 64 patients with SLE and 37 healthy donors. CD19+ B cells purified using microbeads were cultured with TLR7 or TLR9 agonists. Cell proliferation was measured by thymine incorporation and the frequency of antibody-secreting cells was determined by ELISPOT assay. SIGIRR expression in PBMCs and B cells was analyzed using flow cytometry analysis. In contrast to the enhanced proliferation following B cell receptor (BCR) engagement, B cells from SLE patients exhibited a virtually normal proliferative response to TLR7 or TLR9 stimulation. Moreover, B cells from SLE patients and healthy donors were almost equally competent to differentiate into antibody-secreting cells upon TLR engagement except for a reduction in the generation of IgG-secreting cells by TLR9-stimulated lupus B cells. In line with these somehow unexpected observations, SLE B cells were found to express a significantly higher level of SIGIRR than normal B cells. Conclusions/Significance Despite the reported upregulation of TLR7 and TLR9 expression in B cell from SLE patients, their responses to TLR stimulation were largely normal. The increased expression of the negative regulator SIGIRR may be partly responsible for the “balance of terror”.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Yan Zhu
- Department of Immunology, and Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology of Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yin Su
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhan-Guo Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (YZ); (ZGL)
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Immunology, and Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology of Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (YZ); (ZGL)
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20
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The role of airway epithelial cells in response to mycobacteria infection. Clin Dev Immunol 2012; 2012:791392. [PMID: 22570668 PMCID: PMC3337601 DOI: 10.1155/2012/791392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Airway epithelial cells (AECs) are part of the frontline defense against infection of pathogens by providing both a physical barrier and immunological function. The role of AECs in the innate and adaptive immune responses, through the production of antimicrobial molecules and proinflammatory factors against a variety of pathogens, has been well established. Tuberculosis (TB), a contagious disease primarily affecting the lungs, is caused by the infection of various strains of mycobacteria. In response to mycobacteria infection, epithelial expression of Toll-like receptors and surfactant proteins plays the most prominent roles in the recognition and binding of the pathogen, as well as the initiation of the immune response. Moreover, the antimicrobial substances, proinflammatory factors secreted by AECs, composed a major part of the innate immune response and mediation of adaptive immunity against the pathogen. Thus, a better understanding of the role and mechanism of AECs in response to mycobacteria will provide insight into the relationship of epithelial cells and lung immunocytes against TB, which may facilitate our understanding of the pathogenesis and immunological mechanism of pulmonary tuberculosis disease.
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21
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Zhao J, Zepp J, Bulek K, Li X. SIGIRR, a negative regulator of colon tumorigenesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 8:e63-e69. [PMID: 22529873 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddmec.2012.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Inappropriate activation of the Toll-IL-1R (TL-IL-1) signaling by commensal bacteria contributes to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases and colitis-associated cancer. Recent studies have identified SIGIRR as a negative regulator of TL-IL-1 signaling. It dampens intestinal inflammation and tumorigenesis in the colon. In this review, we will discuss the role of SIGIRR in different cell types and the mechanisms underlying its tumor suppressor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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22
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Different genetic patterns in avian Toll-like receptor (TLR)5 genes. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:3419-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-1113-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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Antiviral role of Toll-like receptors and cytokines against the new 2009 H1N1 virus infection. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:1163-72. [PMID: 21603856 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-0846-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Accepted: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
People are generally susceptible to the 2009 new mutate of H1N1 influenza due to lack of appropriate immunity. Influenza H1N1 2009 infection triggers a massive inflammatory response that contributes to fever, lung impairment or other tissue damage, eventually leading to death. Infection with pathogenic influenza virus H1N1 induces severe pulmonary immune pathology. To date, more than 10,000 cases worldwide have died of the disease. It still has strong infectious ability although the mortality of influenza isn't currently high. Therefore, to explore the pathogenesis of H1N1 influenza can help with the disease prevention, diagnosis and provide a theoretical basis and the new ideas of treatment. Laboratory confirmed cases of pandemic influenza H1N1 2009 were enrolled to collect general information on pre-clinical, clinical and laboratory data for analysis. Blood samples were obtained from patients with H1N1, healthy volunteers and patients with bacterial pneumonia. Serum were separated and collected. RT-PCR and ELISA methods were applied to detect the different expression of TLRs and cytokines. The young, pregnant and postpartum women and infant are highly susceptible to influenza H1N1 2009 infection; degree of susceptibility is not associated with BMI. Biochemical changes can be seen in the patients with influenza H1N1 2009 infection: ALT, AST, CK, LDH increased in varying degrees. TLR2, TLR3, TLR9 expression increased in the patients with influenza H1N1 2009 infection; no obvious changes of TLR4, TLR7, TLR8 can be detected. In pregnant and postpartum women group, only TLR9 expression increased. The expression of IL-2, IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF-α in the patients with influenza H1N1 2009 infection was significantly increased; while IL-10 expression decreased and IL-4 expression did not change. H1N1 influenza-infected pregnant and postpartum women group, only IL-2 and TNF-α expression expression increased, other cytokines decreased or didn't change. TLR2, TLR3, TLR9 are the major members of TLR family in the recognition of the novel H1N1 virus to start the innate immune response and adaptive immune responses. TLR9 may be the key receptor among pattern recognized receptors to recognize and bind to H1N1 virus. Cellular immune responses induced by Th1 may participate in modulating the influenza H1N1 2009.
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Abstract
Single-Ig-interleukin-1 related receptor (SIGIRR) is a member of the interleukin (IL)-1/Toll-like receptor (TLR) family. It negatively regulates inflammation, rendering SIGIRR(-/-) mice more susceptible to inflammatory challenge. This susceptibility extends to the brain, where increased responsiveness to lipopolysaccharide has been observed in SIGIRR-deficient mice. While this is likely due to enhanced TLR4-mediated signaling, the functional consequences of these changes have not yet been described. In the current study, we have investigated the impact of SIGIRR deficiency on hippocampal function, and show that novel object recognition, spatial reference memory, and long-term potentiation (LTP) were impaired in SIGIRR(-/-) mice. These changes were accompanied by increased expression of IL-1RI and TLR4, and upregulation of their downstream signaling events, namely IRAK1 (IL-1R-associated kinase 1), c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK), and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). The deficit in LTP was attenuated by the endogenous IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) and an anti-TLR4 antibody, and also by inhibition of JNK and NF-κB. We propose that IL-1RI is activated by IL-1α and TLR4 is activated by the endogenous agonist, high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), as we identified enhanced expression of both cytokines in the hippocampus of SIGIRR(-/-) mice. Additionally, application of HMGB1 increased the activation of JNK and NF-κB and was found to be detrimental to LTP in a TLR4-dependent manner. These findings highlight the functional role of SIGIRR in regulating inflammatory-mediated synaptic and cognitive decline, and describe evidence of the key role of HMGB1 in this process.
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Enhanced Expression of Single Immunoglobulin IL-1 Receptor-Related Molecule Ameliorates LPS-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice. Shock 2011; 35:198-204. [DOI: 10.1097/shk.0b013e3181f226f3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Chen X, Wu X, Zhao Y, Wang G, Feng J, Li Q, Qian G. A novel binding protein of single immunoglobulin IL-1 receptor-related molecule: Paralemmin-3. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 404:1029-33. [PMID: 21187075 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.12.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2010] [Accepted: 12/21/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that single immunoglobulin IL-1 receptor-related molecule (SIGIRR) is a negative regulator of Toll-Interleukin-1 receptor signaling. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanism of the negatively regulatory effect of SIGIRR remains unknown. Using a yeast two-hybrid screen, we identified paralemmin-3 (PALM3) as a novel binding protein of SIGIRR. This interaction of SIGIRR with PALM3 was confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation in mammalian cells. In addition, the PALM3 mRNA expression was upregulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulation in a human alveolar epithelial cell line (A549 cells). Furthermore, silencing PALM3 by RNA interference inhibited the release of inflammatory cytokines in A549 cells after LPS-stimulation. These results suggest that PALM3 may function as an adaptor in the LPS- Toll-like receptor 4 signaling and the interaction of SIGIRR with PALM3 may partly account for the mechanism of the negatively regulatory effect of SIGIRR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuxin Chen
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, PR China
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Xiao B, Xu J, Wang G, Jiang P, Fang F, Huang J, Wang J. Troglitazone-activated PPARγ inhibits LPS-induced lung alveolar type II epithelial cells injuries via TNF-α. Mol Biol Rep 2010; 38:5009-15. [PMID: 21153920 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0647-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Accepted: 12/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are common syndromes characterized by diffuse, acute injury to the alveolar epithelium and pulmonary vascular endothelial cells, with high mortality rate for there are no effective pharmacological therapies. Peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), a member of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, is ubiquitously expressed within the lung. Recent studies have indicated PPARγ can protect lung tissue and alleviate pulmonary inflammatory injury. But no studies examined whether PPARγ agonists can protect the alveolar epithelial cells cultured in vitro. We observed the protective effect of PPARγ in LPS-induced alveolar type II epithelial cells injury. The results showed troglitazone-activated PPARγ could inhibit the production of TNF-α, one of the most important inflammatory factors, and then increased the expression of surfactant-associated protein A (SP-A) and attenuate the apoptosis of alveolar type II epithelial cells. Our results suggest that PPARγ may have a potential therapeutic effect on ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xiao
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases of the Second Affiliated Hospital (Xinqiao Hospital), Third Military Medical University, Xinqiao Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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