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Zha W, Li S, Xu H, Chen J, Liu K, Li P, Liu K, Yang G, Chen Z, Shi S, Zhou L, You A. Genome-wide identification of long non-coding (lncRNA) in Nilaparvata lugens's adaptability to resistant rice. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13587. [PMID: 35910769 PMCID: PMC9332332 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), is a very destructive pest that poses a major threat to rice plants worldwide. BPH and rice have developed complex feeding and defense strategies in the long-term co-evolution. Methods To explore the molecular mechanism of BPH's adaptation to resistant rice varieties, the lncRNA expression profiles of two virulent BPH populations were analyzed. The RNA-seq method was used to obtain the lncRNA expression data in TN1 and YHY15. Results In total, 3,112 highly reliable lncRNAs in TN1 and YHY15 were identified. Compared to the expression profiles between TN1 and YHY15, 157 differentially expressed lncRNAs, and 675 differentially expressed mRNAs were identified. Further analysis of the possible regulation relationships between differentially expressed lncRNAs and differentially expressed mRNAs, identified three pair antisense targets, nine pair cis-regulation targets, and 3,972 pair co-expressed targets. Function enriched found arginine and proline metabolism, glutathione metabolism, and carbon metabolism categories may significantly affect the adaptability in BPH when it is exposed to susceptible and resistant rice varieties. Altogether, it provided scientific data for the study of lncRNA regulation of brown planthopper resistance to rice. These results are helpful in the development of new control strategies for host defense against BPH and breeding rice for high yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Zha
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Sanhe Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Huashan Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Junxiao Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Peide Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Guocai Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhijun Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaojie Shi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Aiqing You
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China,Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Wu Y, Kameshwar AKS, Zhang B, Chen F, Qin W, Meng M, Zhang J. Genome and transcriptome analysis of rock-dissolving Pseudomonas sp. NLX-4 strain. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2022; 9:63. [PMID: 38647751 PMCID: PMC10992899 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-022-00548-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial weathering processes can significantly promote soil properties and reduce rock-to-soil ratio. Some soil-inhabiting bacteria exhibit efficient rock-dissolution abilities by releasing organic acids and other chemical elements from the silicate rocks. However, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved during bacterial rock-dissolution is still limited. In this study, we performed silicate rock-dissolution experiments on a Pseudomonas sp. NLX-4 strain isolated from an over-exploited mining site. The results revealed that Pseudomonas sp. NLX-4 strain efficiently accelerates the dissolution of silicate rocks by secreting amino acids, exopolysaccharides, and organic acids. Through employing genome and transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq), we identified the major regulatory genes. Specifically, 15 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) encoding for siderophore transport, EPS and amino acids synthesis, organic acids metabolism, and bacterial resistance to adverse environmental conditions were highly up-regulated in silicate rock cultures of NLX-4 strain. Our study reports a potential bacterial based approach for improving the ecological restoration of over-exploited rock mining sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwen Wu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 5E1, Canada
- Learning Support Team, St Margaret's School, Victoria, BC, V8X 3P7, Canada
| | | | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33124, USA
| | - Feifei Chen
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wensheng Qin
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 5E1, Canada.
| | - Miaojing Meng
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinchi Zhang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China.
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Santos IR, Ribeiro DG, Távora FTPK, Maximiano MR, Rabelo AC, Rios TB, Reis Junior FB, Megías M, Silva LP, Mehta A. Priming of defense-related genes in Brassica oleracea var. capitata using concentrated metabolites produced by Rhizobium tropici CIAT 899. Braz J Microbiol 2022; 53:595-604. [PMID: 35318614 PMCID: PMC9151945 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00722-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
To verify the potential of metabolites extracted from Rhizobium tropici to trigger the priming of defense responses in cruciferous plants, we analyzed the expression of defense-related genes by qRT-PCR. Brassica oleracea var. capitata, susceptible to Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, were grown in greenhouse conditions. At 18 days after sowing, plants were inoculated with 1 mL of 1% concentrated metabolites produced by R. tropici (CM-RT) in the root. In a second experiment, leaves were sprayed with 1 mL of a solution containing 1% CM-RT. Aerial and root tissue were collected separately at 0 (non-treated control condition), 24, and 48 h after application, submitted to RNA extraction and gene expression analysis by qRT-PCR. The results showed that, after root treatment with CM-RT, most evaluated genes were upregulated at 24 h after application and downregulated at 48 h after application in roots, while in leaves, genes were downregulated both at 24 and 48 h after application. On the other hand, leaf treatment with CM-RT showed that most evaluated genes in leaves and roots were upregulated at 24 and 48 h after application. These results indicate that the effect of CM-RT applied in roots seems restricted to the applied region and is not sustained, while the application in leaves results in a more systemic response and maintenance of the effect of CM-RT for a longer period. The results obtained in this study emphasize the biotechnological potential of using metabolites of R. tropici as an elicitor of active defense responses in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivonaldo Reis Santos
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos E Biotecnologia, PBI, Av. W/5 Norte Final, Brasília, DF CEP 70770-917 Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas (Biologia Molecular), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF CEP 70910-900 Brazil
| | - Daiane Gonzaga Ribeiro
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos E Biotecnologia, PBI, Av. W/5 Norte Final, Brasília, DF CEP 70770-917 Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Genômicas E Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília/Campus II, Brasília, CEP 70790160 Brazil
| | - Fabiano Touzdjian Pinheiro Kohlrausch Távora
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos E Biotecnologia, PBI, Av. W/5 Norte Final, Brasília, DF CEP 70770-917 Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas (Imunologia e DIP/Genética E Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de, Juiz de Fora, Campus Universitário, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, s/n - São Pedro, Juiz de Fora, MG CEP 36036-900 Brazil
| | - Mariana Rocha Maximiano
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos E Biotecnologia, PBI, Av. W/5 Norte Final, Brasília, DF CEP 70770-917 Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Genômicas E Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília/Campus II, Brasília, CEP 70790160 Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Rabelo
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos E Biotecnologia, PBI, Av. W/5 Norte Final, Brasília, DF CEP 70770-917 Brazil
| | - Thuanny Borba Rios
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos E Biotecnologia, PBI, Av. W/5 Norte Final, Brasília, DF CEP 70770-917 Brazil
| | | | - Manuel Megías
- Departamento de Microbiología Y Parasitología, Universidad de Sevilla, Apdo Postal 874, 41080 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Luciano Paulino Silva
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos E Biotecnologia, PBI, Av. W/5 Norte Final, Brasília, DF CEP 70770-917 Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas (Biologia Molecular), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF CEP 70910-900 Brazil
| | - Angela Mehta
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos E Biotecnologia, PBI, Av. W/5 Norte Final, Brasília, DF CEP 70770-917 Brazil
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Lu L, Monakhos SG, Lim YP, Yi SY. Early Defense Mechanisms of Brassica oleracea in Response to Attack by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:2705. [PMID: 34961176 PMCID: PMC8706934 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Black rot disease, caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc), results in significant yield losses in Brassica oleracea crops worldwide. To find black rot disease-resistant cabbage lines, we carried out pathogenicity assays using the scissor-clipping method in 94 different B. oleracea lines. By comparing the lesion areas, we selected a relatively resistant line, Black rot Resistance 155 (BR155), and a highly susceptible line, SC31. We compared the two cabbage lines for the Xcc-induced expression pattern of 13 defense-related genes. Among them, the Xcc-induced expression level of PR1 and antioxidant-related genes (SOD, POD, APX, Trx H, and CHI) were more than two times higher in BR155 than SC31. Nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) and diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride (DAB) staining analysis showed that BR155 accumulated less Xcc-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) than did SC31. In addition, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assays showed that BR155 had higher antioxidant activity than SC31. This study, focused on the defense responses of cabbage during the early biotrophic stage of infection, indicated that Xcc-induced ROS might play a role in black rot disease development. We suggest that non-enzymatic antioxidants are important, particularly in the early defense mechanisms of cabbage against Xcc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Lu
- Molecular Genetics and Genomics Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (L.L.); (Y.P.L.)
| | - Sokrat G. Monakhos
- Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Russian State Agrarian University, Timiryazevskaya St. 49, 127550 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Yong Pyo Lim
- Molecular Genetics and Genomics Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (L.L.); (Y.P.L.)
| | - So Young Yi
- Institute of Agricultural Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
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Shaw RK, Shen Y, Wang J, Sheng X, Zhao Z, Yu H, Gu H. Advances in Multi-Omics Approaches for Molecular Breeding of Black Rot Resistance in Brassica oleracea L. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:742553. [PMID: 34938304 PMCID: PMC8687090 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.742553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Brassica oleracea is one of the most important species of the Brassicaceae family encompassing several economically important vegetables produced and consumed worldwide. But its sustainability is challenged by a range of pathogens, among which black rot, caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc), is the most serious and destructive seed borne bacterial disease, causing huge yield losses. Host-plant resistance could act as the most effective and efficient solution to curb black rot disease for sustainable production of B. oleracea. Recently, 'omics' technologies have emerged as promising tools to understand the host-pathogen interactions, thereby gaining a deeper insight into the resistance mechanisms. In this review, we have summarized the recent achievements made in the emerging omics technologies to tackle the black rot challenge in B. oleracea. With an integrated approach of the omics technologies such as genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics, it would allow better understanding of the complex molecular mechanisms underlying black rot resistance. Due to the availability of sequencing data, genomics and transcriptomics have progressed as expected for black rot resistance, however, other omics approaches like proteomics and metabolomics are lagging behind, necessitating a holistic and targeted approach to address the complex questions of Xcc-Brassica interactions. Genomic studies revealed that the black rot resistance is a complex trait and is mostly controlled by quantitative trait locus (QTL) with minor effects. Transcriptomic analysis divulged the genes related to photosynthesis, glucosinolate biosynthesis and catabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway, ROS scavenging, calcium signalling, hormonal synthesis and signalling pathway are being differentially expressed upon Xcc infection. Comparative proteomic analysis in relation to susceptible and/or resistance interactions with Xcc identified the involvement of proteins related to photosynthesis, protein biosynthesis, processing and degradation, energy metabolism, innate immunity, redox homeostasis, and defence response and signalling pathways in Xcc-Brassica interaction. Specifically, most of the studies focused on the regulation of the photosynthesis-related proteins as a resistance response in both early and later stages of infection. Metabolomic studies suggested that glucosinolates (GSLs), especially aliphatic and indolic GSLs, its subsequent hydrolysis products, and defensive metabolites synthesized by jasmonic acid (JA)-mediated phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway are involved in disease resistance mechanisms against Xcc in Brassica species. Multi-omics analysis showed that JA signalling pathway is regulating resistance against hemibiotrophic pathogen like Xcc. So, the bonhomie between omics technologies and plant breeding is going to trigger major breakthroughs in the field of crop improvement by developing superior cultivars with broad-spectrum resistance. If multi-omics tools are implemented at the right scale, we may be able to achieve the maximum benefits from the minimum. In this review, we have also discussed the challenges, future prospects, and the way forward in the application of omics technologies to accelerate the breeding of B. oleracea for disease resistance. A deeper insight about the current knowledge on omics can offer promising results in the breeding of high-quality disease-resistant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Honghui Gu
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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Song L, Tang J, Yan J, Zeng A, Lv S, Gao B, Yan Y, Shi L, Hou X. Transcriptomic analysis of resistant and susceptible cabbage lines reveals differential expressions and candidate genes involved in cabbage early responses to black rot. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:308. [PMID: 32582505 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02256-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) is one of the most important cruciferous leafy vegetable crops and is widely cultivated all over the world. Its yield and quality are often affected by diseases such as cabbage black rot. 2R is a cabbage line that is newly resistant to black rot, which was created by radiation mutagenesis and backcross transfer. However, the underlying molecular bases and mechanisms of early-phase response of different resistant cabbage lines against black rot infections remain unknown. Here, we completed a comprehensive transcriptome profile analysis between resistant (2R) and susceptible (2T) cabbage lines after black rot inoculations. The results showed that the typical V-shaped lesions were found in inoculated plants after 15 days, and the symptoms in the susceptible cabbage lines (2T) were significant severe than that of the resistant 2R line. A total of 10,030 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, of which 384 DEGs were found to overlap in resistant and susceptible cabbage lines after black rot infections, suggesting those DEGs may play more important roles in cabbage early responses to black rot infections. We ranked the expression levels of DEGs among the four comparison sets of resistant and susceptible cabbage lines and, interestingly, found the top ten differential expression genes contained NBS-LRR genes, protein kinase genes and expansin genes. These findings provide a comprehensive differential transcriptome profile between resistant and susceptible cabbage lines and indicate some genes play key roles in the regulation of early response to black rot infections, which will help to understand the molecular resistance of cabbage against these infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixiao Song
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014 China
| | - Jun Tang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014 China
| | - Jiyong Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014 China
| | - Aisong Zeng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014 China
| | - Shanwu Lv
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Bing Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014 China
| | - Yuanyuan Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014 China
| | - Lichao Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014 China
| | - Xilin Hou
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
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Tripathi L, Tripathi JN, Shah T, Muiruri KS, Katari M. Molecular Basis of Disease Resistance in Banana Progenitor Musa balbisiana against Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7007. [PMID: 31065041 PMCID: PMC6504851 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43421-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Banana Xanthomonas wilt disease, caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum (Xcm), is a major threat to banana production in east Africa. All cultivated varieties of banana are susceptible to Xcm and only the progenitor species Musa balbisiana was found to be resistant. The molecular basis of susceptibility and resistance of banana genotypes to Xcm is currently unknown. Transcriptome analysis of disease resistant genotype Musa balbisiana and highly susceptible banana cultivar Pisang Awak challenged with Xcm was performed to understand the disease response. The number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was higher in Musa balbisiana in comparison to Pisang Awak. Genes associated with response to biotic stress were up-regulated in Musa balbisiana. The DEGs were further mapped to the biotic stress pathways. Our results suggested activation of both PAMP-triggered basal defense and disease resistance (R) protein-mediated defense in Musa balbisiana as early response to Xcm infection. This study reports the first comparative transcriptome profile of the susceptible and resistant genotype of banana during early infection with Xcm and provide insights on the defense mechanism in Musa balbisiana, which can be used for genetic improvement of commonly cultivated banana varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena Tripathi
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), P.O. Box 30709-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Jaindra Nath Tripathi
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), P.O. Box 30709-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Trushar Shah
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), P.O. Box 30709-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Kariuki Samwel Muiruri
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), P.O. Box 30709-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Manpreet Katari
- Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY, United States
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Dissecting quantitative resistance to Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris in leaves of Brassica oleracea by QTL analysis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2015. [PMID: 30765761 PMCID: PMC6376059 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38527-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Black rot, caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc), produces important economic losses in crops of Brassica oleracea worldwide. Resistance to race 1, the most virulent and widespread in B. oleracea, is under quantitative control. Knowledge about the genetics of this resistance would help in designing strategies to control initial stages of invasion and development of the disease. QTL analysis of the resistance in the BolTBDH mapping population was performed. Resistance was measured with five traits related to initial stages of the invasion, success of infection and spread of the pathogen. Four single-trait QTLs of resistance were found, from which one represent novel variation. After performing multi-trait QTL, we concluded that spread of Xcc is related to the size of the leaf. Individuals from the mapping population follow two different strategies to cope with the spread of the disease: reducing lesion size or maintain more area of the leaf photosynthetically active, being more tolerant to Xcc invasion. Mechanisms underlying variation for resistance may be related to different aspects of plant immunity, including the synthesis of glucosinolates and phenolics.
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da Silva FCV, do Nascimento VV, Machado OLT, Pereira LDS, Gomes VM, de Oliveira Carvalho A. Insight into the α-Amylase Inhibitory Activity of Plant Lipid Transfer Proteins. J Chem Inf Model 2018; 58:2294-2304. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.8b00540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Camila Vieira da Silva
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica de Micro-organismos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ, CEP: 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Viviane Veiga do Nascimento
- Unidade de Biologia Integrativa, Laboratório de Biotecnologia, P8, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ, CEP: 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Olga Lima Tavares Machado
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas e Peptídeos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ, CEP: 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Lídia da Silva Pereira
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Genético Vegetal, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ, CEP: 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Valdirene Moreira Gomes
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica de Micro-organismos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ, CEP: 28013-602, Brazil
| | - André de Oliveira Carvalho
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica de Micro-organismos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ, CEP: 28013-602, Brazil
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Wang X, Cheng C, Zhang K, Tian Z, Xu J, Yang S, Lou Q, Li J, Chen JF. Comparative transcriptomics reveals suppressed expression of genes related to auxin and the cell cycle contributes to the resistance of cucumber against Meloidogyne incognita. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:583. [PMID: 30075750 PMCID: PMC6090858 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4979-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meloidogyne incognita is a devastating nematode that causes significant losses in cucumber production worldwide. Although numerous studies have emphasized on the susceptible response of plants after nematode infection, the exact regulation mechanism of M. incognita-resistance in cucumber remains elusive. Verification of an introgression line, 'IL10-1', with M. incognita-resistance provides the opportunity to unravel the resistance mechanism of cucumber against M. incognita. RESULTS In the present study, analyses of physiological responses and transcriptional events between IL10-1 (resistant line) and CC3 (susceptible line) were conducted after M. incognita infection. Physiological observations showed abnormal development of giant cells and M. incognita in IL10-1, which were the primary differences compared with CC3. Furthermore, Gene ontology (GO) analysis revealed that genes encoding cell wall proteins were up-regulated in IL10-1 and that the highly expressed lipid transfer protein gene (Csa6G410090) might be the principal regulator of this up-regulation. Simultaneously, analyses of gene expression profiles revealed more auxin-related genes were suppressed in IL10-1 than in those of CC3, which corresponded with the lower level of indole acetic acid (IAA) in the roots of IL10-1 than in those of CC3. Additionally, poor nucleus development as a clear indication of abnormal giant cells in IL10-1 was related to inhibition of the cell cycle. Of those genes related to the cell cycle, the F-box domain Skp2-like genes were down-regulated in IL10-1, whereas more of these genes were up-regulated in CC3. CONCLUSIONS All of these findings indicate that suppressed expression of genes related to auxin and the cell cycle and highly expressed cell wall proteins play important roles in the abnormal development of giant cells, which hinders the development of M. incognita, thereby causing resistance to M. incognita in IL10-1. Knowledge from this research will provide a useful foundation for developing effective strategies in M. incognita-resistance breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Chunyan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Kaijing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Zhen Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Jian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Shuqiong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Qunfeng Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Ji Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Jin-Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
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11
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Tortosa M, Cartea ME, Rodríguez VM, Velasco P. Unraveling the metabolic response of Brassica oleracea exposed to Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:3675-3683. [PMID: 29315593 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brassica crops together with cereals represent the basis of world supplies. Due to their importance, the production losses caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) infection represent a high economic impact. Understanding molecular and biochemical mechanisms of plants is essential to develop resistant crops with durable protection against diseases. In this regard, metabolomics has emerged as a valuable technology to provide an overview of the biological status of a plant exposed to a disease. This study investigated the dynamic changes in the metabolic profile of Brassica oleracea plants during an Xcc infection from leaves collected at five different days post infection using a mass spectrometry approach. RESULTS Results showed that Xcc infection causes dynamic changes in the metabolome of B. oleracea. Moreover, induction/repression pattern of the metabolites implicated in the response follows a complex dynamics during infection progression, indicating a complex temporal response. Specific metabolic pathways such as alkaloids, coumarins or sphingolipids are postulated as promising key role candidates in the infection response. CONCLUSION This work tries to decipher the changes produced on Brassica crops metabolome under Xcc infection and represents a step forward in the understanding of B. oleracea-Xcc interaction. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Tortosa
- Group of Genetics, Breeding and Biochemistry of Brassicas, Misión Biológica de Galicia (CSIC), Pontevedra, Spain
| | - María E Cartea
- Group of Genetics, Breeding and Biochemistry of Brassicas, Misión Biológica de Galicia (CSIC), Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Víctor M Rodríguez
- Group of Genetics, Breeding and Biochemistry of Brassicas, Misión Biológica de Galicia (CSIC), Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Pablo Velasco
- Group of Genetics, Breeding and Biochemistry of Brassicas, Misión Biológica de Galicia (CSIC), Pontevedra, Spain
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12
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Identification of proteins in susceptible and resistant Brassica oleracea responsive to Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris infection. J Proteomics 2016; 143:278-285. [PMID: 26825537 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Cruciferous plants are important edible vegetables widely consumed around the world, including cabbage, cauli-flower and broccoli. The main disease that affects crucifer plants is black rot, caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc). In order to better understand this specific plant-pathogen interaction, proteins responsive to Xcc infection in resistant (União) and susceptible (Kenzan) Brassica oleracea cultivars were investigated by 2-DE followed by mass spectrometry. A total of 47 variable spots were identified and revealed that in the susceptible interaction there is a clear reduction in the abundance of proteins involved in energetic metabolism and defense. It was interesting to observe that in the resistant interaction, these proteins showed an opposite behavior. Based on our results, we conclude that resistance is correlated with the ability of the plant to keep sufficient photosynthesis metabolism activity to provide energy supplies necessary for an active defense. As a follow-up study, qRT-PCR analysis of selected genes was performed and revealed that most genes showed an up-regulation trend from 5 to 15days after inoculation (DAI), showing highest transcript levels at 15DAI. These results revealed the gradual accumulation of transcripts providing a more detailed view of the changes occurring during different stages of the plant-pathogen interaction. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE In this study we have compared cultivars of Brassica oleracea (cabbage), susceptible and resistant to black rot, by using the classical 2-DE approach. We have found that resistance is correlated with the ability of the plant to keep sufficient photosynthesis metabolism activity to provide energy supplies necessary for an active defense.
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da Silva LR, da Silva RCD, Cardoso AF, de Mello Pelá G, Carvalho DDC. Reaction of Cauliflower Genotypes to Black Rot of Crucifers. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2015; 31:181-185. [PMID: 26060437 PMCID: PMC4453999 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.01.2015.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate six cauliflower genotypes regarding their resistance to black rot and their production performance. To do so, it was conducted two field experiments in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil, in 2012 and 2013. It was used a randomized block design, with four replications (total of 24 plots). Each plot consisted of three planting lines 2.5 m long (six plants/line), spaced 1.0 m apart, for a total area of 7.5 m(2). Evaluations of black rot severity were performed at 45 days after transplanting, this is, 75 days after sowing (DAS), and yield evaluations at 90 to 105 DAS. The Verona 184 genotype was the most resistant to black rot, showing 1.87 and 2.25% of leaf area covered by black rot symptom (LACBRS) in 2012 and 2013. However, it was not among the most productive materials. The yield of the genotypes varied between 15.14 and 25.83 t/ha in both years, Lisvera F1 (21.78 and 24.60 t/ha) and Cindy (19.95 and 23.56 t/ha) being the most productive. However, Lisvera F1 showed 6.37 and 9.37% of LACBRS and Cindy showed 14.25 and 14.87% of LACBRS in 2012 and 2013, being both considered as tolerant to black rot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lincon Rafael da Silva
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Goiás State University (UEG), Rodovia GO 330, km 241, Anel Viário, Setor Universitário, 75780-000, Ipameri, Goiás,
Brazil
| | - Renan César Dias da Silva
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Goiás State University (UEG), Rodovia GO 330, km 241, Anel Viário, Setor Universitário, 75780-000, Ipameri, Goiás,
Brazil
| | - Atalita Francis Cardoso
- Department of Plant Production, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Av. João Naves de Ávila, 2121, Campus Santa Mônica, CP 593, 38408-100, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais,
Brazil
| | - Gláucia de Mello Pelá
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Goiás State University (UEG), Rodovia GO 330, km 241, Anel Viário, Setor Universitário, 75780-000, Ipameri, Goiás,
Brazil
| | - Daniel Diego Costa Carvalho
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Goiás State University (UEG), Rodovia GO 330, km 241, Anel Viário, Setor Universitário, 75780-000, Ipameri, Goiás,
Brazil
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14
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In vivo and in vitro effects of secondary metabolites against Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. Molecules 2013; 18:11131-43. [PMID: 24029746 PMCID: PMC6270452 DOI: 10.3390/molecules180911131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Brassica rapa is a crucifer that is grown worldwide, mainly as a vegetable. The quality of B. rapa crops is highly affected by the disease caused by the bacteria Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc). Glucosinolates and phenolic compounds can confer resistance to Brassica crops against pests and diseases, but few works have been done to evaluate their role in Xcc resistance. The objectives of this work were: (1) to evaluate the in vivo and in vitro antibacterial effect of gluconapin, its isothiocyanate and the methanolic extracts of B. rapa against the type 4 of Xcc, and (2) to test if there is induced resistance mediated by glucosinolates or phenolic compounds in two varieties of B. rapa. Gluconapin and its ITC varieties had an antibacterial effect on the development of Xanthomonas and this effect was strongly dependent on the concentration applied. Methanolic extracts from B. rapa, containing glucosinolates and phenolic compounds, inhibited the growth of these bacteria. Concentration of gluconapin is higher in resistant plants than in the susceptible ones and there is an induction of gluconapin, some flavonoids and sinapic acid 48 to 72 h after inoculation. Gluconapin plays a role in the constitutive resistance to Xcc, while gluconapin, some flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acids are induced by a Xcc infection but it is not clear if this induction confers resistance to this disease.
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15
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Gao M, Niu J, Zhao S, Jiao C, Xu W, Fei Z, Wang X. Characterization of Erysiphe necator-responsive genes in Chinese Wild Vitis quinquangularis. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:11497-11519. [PMID: 23109867 PMCID: PMC3472759 DOI: 10.3390/ijms130911497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Revised: 08/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Powdery mildew (PM), caused by fungus Erysiphe necator, is one of the most devastating diseases of grapevine. To better understand grapevine-PM interaction and provide candidate resources for grapevine breeding, a suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) cDNA library was constructed from E. necator-infected leaves of a resistant Chinese wild Vitis quinquangularis clone "Shang-24". A total of 492 high quality expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were obtained and assembled into 266 unigenes. Gene ontology (GO) analysis indicated that 188 unigenes could be assigned with at least one GO term in the biological process category, and 176 in the molecular function category. Sequence analysis showed that a large number of these genes were homologous to those involved in defense responses. Genes involved in metabolism, photosynthesis, transport and signal transduction were also enriched in the library. Expression analysis of 13 selected genes by qRT-PCR revealed that most were induced more quickly and intensely in the resistant material "Shang-24" than in the sensitive V. pseudoreticulata clone "Hunan-1" by E. necator infection. The ESTs reported here provide new clues to understand the disease-resistance mechanism in Chinese wild grapevine species and may enable us to investigate E. necator-responsive genes involved in PM resistance in grapevine germplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Gao
- College of Horticulture, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; E-Mails: (M.G.); (J.N.); (S.Z.); (C.J.)
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jiao Niu
- College of Horticulture, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; E-Mails: (M.G.); (J.N.); (S.Z.); (C.J.)
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Suping Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; E-Mails: (M.G.); (J.N.); (S.Z.); (C.J.)
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Chen Jiao
- College of Horticulture, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; E-Mails: (M.G.); (J.N.); (S.Z.); (C.J.)
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Weirong Xu
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China; E-Mail:
| | - Zhangjun Fei
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; E-Mail:
- USDA Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Xiping Wang
- College of Horticulture, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; E-Mails: (M.G.); (J.N.); (S.Z.); (C.J.)
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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Expression of recombinant EARLI1, a hybrid proline-rich protein of Arabidopsis, in Escherichia coli and its inhibition effect to the growth of fungal pathogens and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Gene 2012; 506:50-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.06.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Revised: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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Differential transcript accumulation in chickpea during early phases of compatible interaction with a necrotrophic fungus Ascochyta rabiei. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:4635-46. [PMID: 21956755 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-1255-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The initial phases of the disease establishment are very crucial for the compatible interactions. Pathogens must overcome the responses generated by the host for the onset of disease invasion. The compatible interaction is inadequately represented in plant-pathogen interaction studies. To gain broader insight into the early responses elicited by chickpea blight fungus Ascochyta rabiei during compatible interaction; we isolated early responsive genes of chickpea using PCR based suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) strategy. We obtained ~250 unique genes after homology search and redundancy elimination. Based on their potential cellular functions, these genes were broadly classified into eleven different categories viz. stress, signaling, gene regulation, cellular metabolism and genes of unknown functions. Present study revealed few unexpected genes which have a possible role in induced immunity and disease progression. We employed macroarray, northern blot, real-time PCR and cluster analysis to develop transcript profiles. Most of the genes analyzed were early induced and were transcriptionally upregulated upon 24 h post inoculation. Our approach has rendered the isolation of early responsive genes involved in signaling and regulation of metabolic changes upon fungal infection. The information obtained will help to dissect the molecular mechanisms during compatible chickpea-Ascochyta interactions.
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Isolation, identification and sequence analysis of a thioredoxin h gene, a member of subgroup III of h-type Trxs from grape (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Askari). Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:3683-93. [PMID: 21732058 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-1143-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Thioredoxins (Trxs) are small ubiquitous proteins which play a regulatory role in a variety of cellular processes. In contrast to other organisms, plants have a great number of Trx types, consisting of six well-defined groups: f, m, x, and y in chloroplasts, o in mitochondria, and h mainly in cytosol. A full-length cDNA, designated VvCxxS2, encoding Trx h polypeptide was isolated and cloned from grape (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Askari) berries organ by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The cDNA was 381 bp nucleotides in length with a deduced amino acid of 126 residues, possessing a WCIPS active site, which belongs to the subgroup III of h-type Trxs based on phylogenetic analysis. The calculated molecular mass and the predicted isoelectric point of the deduced polypeptide are 14.25 kDa and 4.68, respectively. Nucleotide sequence analysis of genomic DNA fragment of VvCxxS2 gene revealed that this gene possesses two introns at positions identical to the previously sequenced Trx h genes. A modeling analysis indicated that VvCxxS2 shares a common structure with other Trxs, and is preferably reduced by Grx rather than NADPH-dependent thioredoxin reductase (NTR). The deduced protein sequence showed a high similarity to Trx h from other plants, in particular from castor bean (Ricinus communis), Betula pendula and sweet orange (Citrus sinensis). Semiquantitative RT-PCR experiments indicated that the transcripts of VvCxxS2 gene are present in all plant organs and different developmental stages. In addition, the higher expression of the VvCxxS2 gene was observed in berry organ as compared to the other organs.
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Sun L, Ren H, Liu R, Li B, Wu T, Sun F, Liu H, Wang X, Dong H. An h-type thioredoxin functions in tobacco defense responses to two species of viruses and an abiotic oxidative stress. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2010; 23:1470-85. [PMID: 20923353 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-01-10-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Various thioredoxin (Trx) proteins have been identified in plants. However, many of the physiological roles played by these proteins remain to be elucidated. We cloned a TRXh-like gene predicted to encode an h-type Trx in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) and designated it NtTRXh3, based on the biochemical activity of the NtTRXh3 protein. Overexpression of NtTRXh3 conferred resistance to Tobacco mosaic virus and Cucumber mosaic virus, both of which showed reduced multiplication and pathogenicity in NtTRXh3-overexpressing plants compared with controls. NtTRXh3 overexpression also enhanced tobacco resistance to oxidative stress induced by paraquat, an herbicide that inhibits the production of reducing equivalents by chloroplasts. The NtTRXh3 protein localized exclusively to chloroplasts in coordination with the maintenance of cellular reducing conditions, which accompanied an elevation in the glutathione/glutathione disulfide couple ratio. NtTRXh3 gene expression and NtTRXh3 protein production were necessary for these defensive responses, because they were all arrested when NtTRXh3 was silenced and the production of NtTRXh3 protein was abrogated. These results suggest that NtTRXh3 is involved in the resistance of tobacco to virus infection and abiotic oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Sun
- Ministry of Agriculture of R. P. China Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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