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Iwar K, Ochar K, Seo YA, Ha BK, Kim SH. Alliums as Potential Antioxidants and Anticancer Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8079. [PMID: 39125648 PMCID: PMC11312234 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The genus Allium plants, including onions, garlic, leeks, chives, and shallots, have long been recognized for their potential health benefits, particularly in oxidative and cancer prevention. Among them, onions and garlic have been extensively studied, unveiling promising biological activities that are indicative of their potential as potent antioxidant and anticancer agents. Research has revealed a rich repository of bioactive compounds in Allium species, highlighting their antioxidative properties and diverse mechanisms that target cancer cells. Compounds such as allicin, flavonoids, and organosulfur compounds (OSCs) exhibit notable antioxidant and anticancer properties, affecting apoptosis induction, cell cycle arrest, and the inhibition of tumor proliferation. Moreover, their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory attributes enhance their potential in cancer therapy. Studies exploring other Allium species beyond onions and garlic have revealed similar biological activities, suggesting a broad spectrum of natural products that could serve as promising candidates for developing novel anticancer treatments. Understanding the multifaceted potential of Allium plants will pave the way for innovative strategies in oxidative and cancer treatment and prevention, offering new avenues for pharmaceutical research and dietary interventions. Therefore, in this review, we compile an extensive analysis of the diversity of various Allium species, emphasizing their remarkable potential as effective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanivalan Iwar
- National Agrobiodiversity Centre, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea; (K.I.); (K.O.)
| | - Kingsley Ochar
- National Agrobiodiversity Centre, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea; (K.I.); (K.O.)
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Bunso P.O. Box 7, Ghana
| | - Yun Am Seo
- Department of Data Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea;
| | - Bo-Keun Ha
- Department of Applied Plant Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Hoon Kim
- National Agrobiodiversity Centre, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea; (K.I.); (K.O.)
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Cascajosa-Lira A, Andreo-Martínez P, Prieto AI, Baños A, Guillamón E, Jos A, Cameán AM. In Vitro Toxicity Studies of Bioactive Organosulfur Compounds from Allium spp. with Potential Application in the Agri-Food Industry: A Review. Foods 2022; 11:2620. [PMID: 36076806 PMCID: PMC9455835 DOI: 10.3390/foods11172620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Organosulfur compounds (OSCs) are secondary metabolites produced by different Allium species which present important biological activities such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory antidiabetic, anticarcinogenic, antispasmodic, etc. In recent years, their use has been promoted in the agri-food industry as a substitute for synthetic preservatives, increasing potential accumulative exposure to consumers. Before their application in the food industry, it is necessary to pass a safety assessment as specified by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). This work reviews the scientific literature on OSCs regarding their in vitro toxicity evaluation following PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews. Four electronic research databases were searched (Web of Science, Scopus, Science Database and PubMed) and a total of 43 works were selected according to predeterminate inclusion and exclusion criteria. Different data items and the risk of bias for each study were included. Currently, there are very few in vitro studies focused on investigating the potential toxicity of OSCs. Most research studies aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of OSCs to elucidate their antiproliferative effects focusing on their therapeutic aspects using cancer cell lines as the main experimental model. The results showed that diallyl disulfide (DADS) is the compound most studied, followed by diallyl trisulfide (DATS), diallyl sulfide (DAS), Allicin and Ajoene. Only 4 studies have been performed specifically to explore the safety of OSCs for agri-food applications, and genotoxicity studies are limited. More toxicity studies of OSCs are necessary to ensure consumers safety and should mainly be focused on the evaluation of genotoxicity and long-term toxicity effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Cascajosa-Lira
- Área de Toxicología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González n 2, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Pedro Andreo-Martínez
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Campus of Espinardo, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel Prieto
- Área de Toxicología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González n 2, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Alberto Baños
- DMC Research Center, Camino de Jayena, 82, 18620 Alhendín, Spain
| | | | - Angeles Jos
- Área de Toxicología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González n 2, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Ana M. Cameán
- Área de Toxicología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González n 2, 41012 Seville, Spain
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Rauf A, Abu-Izneid T, Thiruvengadam M, Imran M, Olatunde A, Shariati MA, Bawazeer S, Naz S, Shirooie S, Sanches-Silva A, Farooq U, Kazhybayeva G. Garlic (Allium sativum L.): Its Chemistry, Nutritional Composition, Toxicity and Anticancer Properties. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 22:957-972. [PMID: 34749610 DOI: 10.2174/1568026621666211105094939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The current review discuss the chemistry, nutritional composition, toxicity, and biological functions of garlic and its bioactive compounds against various types of cancers via different anticancer mechanisms. Several scientific documents were found in reliable literature and searched in databases viz Science Direct, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Research Gate were carried out using keywords such as "garlic", "garlic bioactive compounds", "anticancer mechanisms of garlic", "nutritional composition of garlic", and others. Garlic contains several phytoconstituents with activities against cancer, and these compounds such as diallyl trisulfide (DATS), allicin, and diallyl disulfide (DADS), diallyl sulfide (DAS), and allyl mercaptan (AM). The influence of numerous garlic-derived products, phytochemicals, and nanoformulations on the liver, oral, prostate, breast, gastric, colorectal, skin, and pancreatic cancers has been studied. Based on our search, the bioactive molecules in garlic were found to inhibit the various phases of cancer. Moreover, the compounds in this plant also abrogate the peroxidation of lipids, activity of nitric oxide synthase, epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), protein kinase C, and regulate cell cycle and survival signaling cascades. Hence, garlic and its bioactive molecules exhibit the aforementioned mechanistic actions and thus, they could be used to inhibit the induction, development and progression of cancer. The review describes the nutritional Composition of garlic, its bioactive molecules, and nanoformulations against various types of cancers, as well as the potential for developing these agents as antitumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Swabi, Anbar 23430, KPK. Pakistan
| | - Tareq Abu-Izneid
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain Campus. United Arab Emirates
| | - Muthu Thiruvengadam
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029. South Korea
| | - Muhammad Imran
- University Institute of Diet & Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore. Pakistan
| | - Ahmed Olatunde
- Department of Biochemistry, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi 740272. Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Ali Shariati
- K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management [the First Cossack University], Moscow. Russian Federation
| | - Saud Bawazeer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, P.O. Box 42, Makkah. Saudi Arabia
| | - Saima Naz
- Department of Biotechnology, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, KPK. Pakistan
| | - Samira Shirooie
- School of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah. Iran
| | - Ana Sanches-Silva
- National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research, 4485-655 Vila do Conde. Portugal
| | - Umar Farooq
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad-campus. Pakistan
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Petropoulos SA, Di Gioia F, Polyzos N, Tzortzakis N. Natural Antioxidants, Health Effects and Bioactive Properties of Wild Allium Species. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:1816-1837. [PMID: 32013820 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200203145851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an increasing interest from the pharmaceutical and food industry in natural antioxidant and bioactive compounds derived from plants as substitutes for synthetic compounds. The genus Allium is one of the largest genera, with more than 900 species, including important cultivated and wild species, having beneficial health effects. OBJECTIVE The present review aims to unravel the chemical composition of wild Allium species and their healthrelated effects, focusing on the main antioxidant compounds. For this purpose, a thorough study of the literature was carried out to compile reports related to health effects and the principal bioactive compounds. Considering the vast number of species, this review is divided into subsections where the most studied species are presented, namely Allium ampeloprasum, A. flavum, A. hookeri, A. jesdianum, A. neapolitanum, A. roseum, A. stipitatum, A. tricoccum, and A. ursinum, with an additional composite section for less studied species. METHODS The information presented in this review was obtained from worldwide accepted databases such as Scopus, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Google Scholar and Researchgate, using as keywords the respective names of the studied species (both common and Latin names) and the additional terms of"antioxidants" "health effects" and "bioactive properties". CONCLUSION The genus Allium includes several wild species, many of which are commonly used in traditional and folklore medicine while others are lesser known or are of regional interest. These species can be used as sources of natural bioactive compounds with remarkable health benefits. Several studies have reported these effects and confirmed the mechanisms of action in several cases, although more research is needed in this field. Moreover, considering that most of the studies refer to the results obtained from species collected in the wild under uncontrolled conditions, further research is needed to elucidate the effects of growing conditions on bioactive compounds and to promote the exploitation of this invaluable genetic material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon A Petropoulos
- Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, N. Ionia, Magnissia, Greece
| | - Francesco Di Gioia
- Department of Plant Science, Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Nikos Polyzos
- Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, N. Ionia, Magnissia, Greece
| | - Nikos Tzortzakis
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
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Pourzand A, Tajaddini A, Pirouzpanah S, Asghari-Jafarabadi M, Samadi N, Ostadrahimi AR, Sanaat Z. Associations between Dietary Allium Vegetables and Risk of Breast Cancer: A Hospital-Based Matched Case-Control Study. J Breast Cancer 2016; 19:292-300. [PMID: 27721879 PMCID: PMC5053314 DOI: 10.4048/jbc.2016.19.3.292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The protective effect of Allium vegetables against carcinogenesis has been reported in experimental studies particularly focusing on the gut. Therefore, we conducted a hospital-based matched case-control study to explore the association between dietary Allium consumption and risk of breast cancer among Iranian women in northwest Iran. Methods A validated, quantitative, food frequency questionnaire was completed in 285 women (aged 25–65 years old) newly diagnosed with histopathologically confirmed breast cancer (grade II, III or clinical stage II, III) in Tabriz, northwest Iran, and the completed questionnaires were included in an age- and regional-matched hospital based-control study. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated using conditional logistic regression models. Results Multivariate analysis showed that there was a negative association between the consumption of raw onion and risk of breast cancer after adjustment for covariates (OR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.40–1.00); however, this association was insignificant. On the other hand, there was a positive association between consumption of cooked onion and risk of breast cancer, after adjustment for covariates (OR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.02–2.32). However, reduced risk of breast cancer was associated with higher consumption of garlic and leek with adjusted ORs of 0.41 (95% CI, 0.20–0.83) and 0.28 (95% CI, 0.15–0.51), respectively. Conclusion Our findings suggest that high consumption of certain Allium vegetables, in particular garlic and leek, may reduce the risk of breast cancer, while high consumption of cooked onion may be associated with an increased risk of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Pourzand
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Aynaz Tajaddini
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Pirouzpanah
- Department of Biochemistry and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Asghari-Jafarabadi
- Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nasser Samadi
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Zohreh Sanaat
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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β-galactosyl-pyrrolidinyl diazeniumdiolate: an efficient tool to investigate nitric oxide functions on promoting cell death. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:7377-85. [PMID: 23801048 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5040-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an active free radical gas that plays crucial roles in a broad range of biological processes. Extremely short half-life makes it difficult to use NO directly in research. It has been suggested that different concentrations of NO may lead to quite opposite results on cytotoxicity. However, the net effect of intracellular NO on tumor cell death has been controversial, partly because it is hard to precisely control the amount of NO generated exclusively within the target cells. Therefore, we have developed a cell-specific NO donor, β-galactosyl-pyrrolidinyl diazeniumdiolate (β-Gal-NONOate), in hopes of simulating the actual effects of intracellularly derived NO on the patterns of cell death as well as investigating its underlying mechanisms. In this study, by using three different tumor cell models, we showed that β-Gal-NONOate could steadily transport NO into the target cells with similar delivery efficiencies and exerted a determinative effect on cell death. In addition, β-Gal-NONOate-derived intracellular NO could provoke both apoptosis and necrosis in a concentration-dependent manner. While lower NO concentration primarily induced apoptosis, higher NO concentration mainly triggered necrosis. Moreover, the intrinsic apoptotic pathway, characterized by rapid Ca²⁺ overload and subsequent mitochondrial damage, was the collective mechanism responsible for the apoptotic death in all the three tumor cell lines. Taken together, since this cell-specifically derived NO is cheap to use and easy to quantify, β-Gal-NONOate might be used as a novel and ideal tool to standardize intracellular NO generation and evaluate its net effects in different cellular and experimental settings in the coming future.
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