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Sishu NK, Selvaraj CI. Phytochemistry, pharmacological applications, and therapeutic effects of green synthesized nanomaterials using Cichorium species-a comprehensive review. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03221-5. [PMID: 38900250 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03221-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Cichorium is a genus of potential medicinal herbs that finds widespread cultivation in regions spanning Asia and Europe. Belonging to the Asteraceae family, these plants are typically biennial or perennial in nature. Among the various explored varieties of chicory plants, the most commonly studied ones include Cichorium intybus, Cichorium endivia, and Cichorium pumilum. In Ayurveda, chicory has long been used as a remedy for many health problems. This versatile plant is renowned for its efficacy in managing conditions such as gallstones, gastroenteritis, sinus ailments, and the treatment of skin abrasions and wounds. Numerous bioactives, including polysaccharides, caffeic acid, flavonoids, coumarins, steroids, alkaloids, organic acids, triterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, and essential oils, are present, according to a thorough phytochemical examination. The phytochemicals isolated from chicory have displayed significant therapeutic activities, including antidiabetic effects, hepatoprotective benefits, anti-obesity properties, and anti-cancer potential, as extensively documented by numerous researchers. The incorporation of these bioactive compounds into one's diet as part of a healthy lifestyle has demonstrated considerable advantages for human well-being. Green synthesis is a recent technology in which plant extracts or phytochemicals are used for synthesizing nanoparticles since plant extracts are generally less toxic and contain capping and reducing agents. This review summarizes current developments in green synthesis employing phytoconstituents from Cichorium species and extracts from various plant parts and their application to scientific problems. In order to preserve lifestyles and cure human diseases, the investigation emphasizes the therapeutic effects of the chemical components and nanoparticles obtained from the extract of Cichorium species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayan Kumar Sishu
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chinnadurai Immanuel Selvaraj
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, VIT School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning, VIT, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Vanitha PR, Somashekaraiah R, Divyashree S, Pan I, Sreenivasa MY. Antifungal activity of probiotic strain Lactiplantibacillus plantarum MYSN7 against Trichophyton tonsurans. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1192449. [PMID: 37389341 PMCID: PMC10303898 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1192449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary objective of this study was to assess the probiotic attributes and antifungal activity of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) against the fungus, Trichophyton tonsurans. Among the 20 isolates screened for their antifungal attributes, isolate MYSN7 showed strong antifungal activity and was selected for further analysis. The isolate MYSN7 exhibited potential probiotic characteristics, having 75 and 70% survival percentages in pH3 and pH2, respectively, 68.73% tolerance to bile, a moderate cell surface hydrophobicity of 48.87%, and an auto-aggregation percentage of 80.62%. The cell-free supernatant (CFS) of MYSN7 also showed effective antibacterial activity against common pathogens. Furthermore, the isolate MYSN7 was identified as Lactiplantibacillus plantarum by 16S rRNA sequencing. Both L. plantarum MYSN7 and its CFS exhibited significant anti-Trichophyton activity in which the biomass of the fungal pathogen was negligible after 14 days of incubation with the active cells of probiotic culture (106 CFU/ml) and at 6% concentration of the CFS. In addition, the CFS inhibited the germination of conidia even after 72 h of incubation. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the lyophilized crude extract of the CFS was observed to be 8 mg/ml. Preliminary characterization of the CFS showed that the active component would be organic acids in nature responsible for antifungal activity. Organic acid profiling of the CFS using LC-MS revealed that it was a mixture of 11 different acids, and among these, succinic acid (9,793.60 μg/ml) and lactic acid (2,077.86 μg/ml) were predominant. Additionally, a scanning electron microscopic study revealed that CFS disrupted fungal hyphal structure significantly, which showed scanty branching and bulged terminus. The study indicates the potential of L. plantarum MYSN7 and its CFS to control the growth of T. tonsurans. Furthermore, in vivo studies need to be conducted to explore its possible applications on skin infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. R. Vanitha
- Department of Studies in Microbiology, University of Mysore, Mysuru, India
- Maharani's Science College for Women, Mysuru, India
| | | | - S. Divyashree
- Department of Studies in Microbiology, University of Mysore, Mysuru, India
| | - Indranil Pan
- Department of Biosciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - M. Y. Sreenivasa
- Department of Studies in Microbiology, University of Mysore, Mysuru, India
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Haq SM, Khoja AA, Lone FA, Waheed M, Bussmann RW, Casini R, Mahmoud EA, Elansary HO. Keeping Healthy in Your Skin-Plants and Fungi Used by Indigenous Himalayan Communities to Treat Dermatological Ailments. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1575. [PMID: 37050200 PMCID: PMC10097107 DOI: 10.3390/plants12071575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Dermatological ailments are a major health problem, especially when related to human immune deficiency syndrome and acquired immune deficiency. The goal of this study was to identify the medicinal plants used by the indigenous peoples of the Northwestern Himalayas to treat dermatological diseases. Several field trips were conducted in the spring and summer seasons of 2020-2021 to collect the plants of dermatological value and information about their use through open-ended semi-structured interviews (n = 53) and group discussions (n = 33). The current investigation found 64 ethnomedicinal plants belonging to 34 families commonly used to treat a variety of dermatological ailments. The main growth form was herbs (80%), followed by trees (8%) and ferns (6%). It was found that leaves (51%) were the most commonly used plant part, followed by roots and the whole plant. Wound healing was the most dominant application, with 18 plant species used, followed by skin burns cured by 11 plant species and skin boils by eight plant species. Out of the total (18%) of medicinal plants with cosmetic uses, i.e., roots of Jurinea dolomiaea, Rheum webbianum, and Rheum spiciforme were crushed into powder and mixed with turmeric, and the paste is applied topically for glowing skin. Among the various preparation methods, paste (38%) was the most common way of preparation, followed by poultice (29%) and infusion (9%). Between ethnic groups, the maximum homogeneity was between Gujjar and Bakarwal ethnic groups (23 species, 36%), followed by Gujjars and Kashmiri (14 species, 22%). Bakarwals and Gujjar people live in the same geographical location, and they graze their animals in pastures, practice extensive transhumance pastoralism, and pass through different ecological landscapes, thus having sufficient experiences with certain plants and retaining more knowledge. The species identified with the highest utilization based on the number of citations and use value included Ficus carica, Cichorium intybus, Euphorbia wallichii, Pinus wallichiana, Plantago major, Jurinea dolomiaea, and Artemisia absinthium. The findings of this study demonstrate that people who reside in the Northwestern Himalayas region still rely on medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiekh Marifatul Haq
- Department of Ethnobotany, Institute of Botany, Ilia State University, Tbilisi 0162, Georgia
| | | | - Fayaz A. Lone
- Department of Botany, Government Degree College (Women), Kupwara 193222, India
| | - Muhammad Waheed
- Department of Botany, University of Okara, Okara 56300, Pakistan
| | - Rainer W. Bussmann
- Department of Ethnobotany, Institute of Botany, Ilia State University, Tbilisi 0162, Georgia
- Department of Botany, State Museum of Natural History, Erbprinzenstrasse 14, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ryan Casini
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 2121 Berkeley Way, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
| | - Eman A. Mahmoud
- Department of Food Industries, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Damietta 34511, Egypt
| | - Hosam O. Elansary
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Bioactive Properties of Instant Chicory Melanoidins and Their Relevance as Health Promoting Food Ingredients. Foods 2022; 12:foods12010134. [PMID: 36613350 PMCID: PMC9818759 DOI: 10.3390/foods12010134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Instant chicory is a caffeine-free brew worldwide consumed as a coffee substitute. Like coffee grounds processing, chicory roots suffer a roasting process, which may lead to the formation of high-molecular weight nitrogen-brown compounds, the melanoidins. It is hypothesized that similarly to coffee, chicory melanoidins have health promoting potential. In this work, the chemical composition and biological activity of chicory high molecular weight material (HMWM) was evaluated. The chicory HMWM is composed by 28.9% (w/w) of carbohydrates, mainly fructose-rich polysaccharides (18.7% w/w) and 5.7% (w/w) of protein, distinct from coffee. The phenolic compounds constituent of the HMWM were mainly present in glycosidically linked and condensed structures (0.9 g/100 g and 5.8 g/100 g), showing in vitro ABTS•+ scavenging (IC50 = 0.28 mg/mL) and ferric ion reducing capacity (ca. 11 µg Fe2+ eq/mg). Chicory HMWM revealed to be effective against Gram-positive bacteria, mainly Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus, although not so efficient as coffee. It also showed potential to inhibit α-glucosidase activity (15% of inhibition), higher than coffee HMWM, approaching acarbose activity that is used in type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment. Thus, chicory melanoidins, when used as a food ingredient, may contribute to an antioxidant diet and to prevent diabetes, while increasing the protective effects against pathogenic bacteria.
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Baixinho JP, Anastácio JD, Ivasiv V, Cankar K, Bosch D, Menezes R, de Roode M, dos Santos CN, Matias AA, Fernández N. Supercritical CO 2 Extraction as a Tool to Isolate Anti-Inflammatory Sesquiterpene Lactones from Cichorium intybus L. Roots. Molecules 2021; 26:2583. [PMID: 33925241 PMCID: PMC8125565 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cichorium intybus L. or chicory plants are a natural source of health-promoting compounds in the form of supplements such as inulin, as well as other bioactive compounds such as sesquiterpene lactones (SLs). After inulin extraction, chicory roots are considered waste, with most SLs not being harnessed. We developed and optimized a new strategy for SL extraction that can contribute to the conversion of chicory root waste into valuable products to be used in human health-promoting applications. In our work, rich fractions of SLs were recovered from chicory roots using supercritical CO2. A response surface methodology was used to optimize the process parameters (pressure, temperature, flow rate, and co-solvent percentage) for the extraction performance. The best operating conditions were achieved at 350 bar, 40 °C, and 10% EtOH as a co-solvent in a 15 g/min flow rate for 120 min. The extraction with supercritical CO2 revealed to be more selective for the SLs than the conventional solid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate. In our work, 1.68% mass and a 0.09% sesquiterpenes yield extraction were obtained, including the recovery of two sesquiterpene lactones (8-deoxylactucin and 11β,13-dihydro-8-deoxylactucin), which, to the best of our knowledge, are not commercially available. A mixture of the abovementioned compounds were tested at different concentrations for their toxic profile and anti-inflammatory potential towards a human calcineurin/NFAT orthologue pathway in a yeast model, the calcineurin/Crz1 pathway. The SFE extract obtained, rich in SLs, yielded results of inhibition of 61.74 ± 6.87% with 50 µg/mL, and the purified fraction containing 8-deoxylactucin and 11β,13-dihydro-8-deoxylactucin inhibited the activation of the reporter gene up to 53.38 ± 3.9% at 10 µg/mL. The potential activity of the purified fraction was also validated by the ability to inhibit Crz1 nuclear translocation and accumulation. These results reveal a possible exploitable green technology to recover potential anti-inflammatory compounds from chicory roots waste after inulin extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- João P. Baixinho
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (J.P.B.); (J.D.A.); (V.I.); (R.M.); (C.N.d.S.); (A.A.M.)
| | - José D. Anastácio
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (J.P.B.); (J.D.A.); (V.I.); (R.M.); (C.N.d.S.); (A.A.M.)
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Viktoriya Ivasiv
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (J.P.B.); (J.D.A.); (V.I.); (R.M.); (C.N.d.S.); (A.A.M.)
| | - Katarina Cankar
- Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen Plant Research, BU Bioscience, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands; (K.C.); (D.B.)
| | - Dirk Bosch
- Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen Plant Research, BU Bioscience, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands; (K.C.); (D.B.)
| | - Regina Menezes
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (J.P.B.); (J.D.A.); (V.I.); (R.M.); (C.N.d.S.); (A.A.M.)
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Matthew de Roode
- Sensus B.V., Oostelijke Havendijk 15, 4704 RA Roosendaal, The Netherlands;
| | - Cláudia Nunes dos Santos
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (J.P.B.); (J.D.A.); (V.I.); (R.M.); (C.N.d.S.); (A.A.M.)
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana A. Matias
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (J.P.B.); (J.D.A.); (V.I.); (R.M.); (C.N.d.S.); (A.A.M.)
| | - Naiara Fernández
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (J.P.B.); (J.D.A.); (V.I.); (R.M.); (C.N.d.S.); (A.A.M.)
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El-Desouky TA. Evaluation of effectiveness aqueous extract for some leaves of wild edible plants in Egypt as anti-fungal and anti-toxigenic. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06209. [PMID: 33659741 PMCID: PMC7892916 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants are one of a prefect source of natural effective compounds that have antimicrobial, and other activities. This study investigated the activity of the aqueous extract for three wild edible plants (Sonchus oleraceus, Cichorium pumilum, and Portulaca oleracea) at three concentrations (1.5, 2.5 and 5 mg/ml) as antifungal and antitoxigenic. Many functional groups such as alcohols, phenols, alkanes and alkenes, etc were appeared in aqueous extracts by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. Where an extract of Portulaca oleracea gave a greater total phenolic and flavonoids were 210.4 ± 1.15 and 36.7 ± 0.79 mg/mL, respectively, followed by Sonchus oleraceus (192.3 ± 2.11 mg/mL) and Cichorium pumilum (186.4 ± 2.18 mg/mL). The results indicated that increasing the concentration of the extract, the area of inhibition zone increased with all treatments, where the highest inhibition zone was observed using 5 mg/ml for Portulaca oleracea extract was 17.1 ± 1.7, 26.5 ± 1.5 and 22.8.±2.3 mm against Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus ochraceus and Aspergillus parasiticus, respectively, while the lowest antifungal activity was marked with Cichorium pumilum extract with all tested fungi. The results have also indicated that the aqueous extract has inhibited formed of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and ochratoxin A (OTA), where the percentages of inhibition AFB1 were 78.03, 68.8 and 81.7% after treated yeast extract sucrose (YES) media by 5 mg crude extract for extract Sonchus oleraceus, Cichorium pumilum and Portulaca oleracea, respectively. In contrast, the inhibitory effect against OTA at the same concentration was 77.5, 72.3, and 85.2% in the same order for plants. Finally, these plants provide an aqueous extract that contains many effective compounds that enable to play the role of antifungal and antitoxigenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek A. El-Desouky
- Department of Food Toxicology and Contaminant, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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Perović J, Tumbas Šaponjac V, Kojić J, Krulj J, Moreno DA, García-Viguera C, Bodroža-Solarov M, Ilić N. Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) as a food ingredient - Nutritional composition, bioactivity, safety, and health claims: A review. Food Chem 2021; 336:127676. [PMID: 32768902 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) is a perennial herb from the Cichorium genus, Asteraceae family, and is worldwide cultivated. So far, chicory has been used mainly in animal feed, but also in several cases in the food industry: as salad, for teas and tea blends, for coffee supplementation, and as a source for the inulin production. Nowadays there is an increasing interest in chicory utilization for food production and supplementation. Some compounds present in chicory, such as polyphenols, inulin, oligofructose and sesquiterpene lactones may be considered as potential carriers of food functionality. This review describes nutritional, mineral and bioactive composition of the chicory plant and summarized the main biological activities associated with the presence of bioactive compounds in the different plant parts. Finally, the review explores possibilities of uses of chicory and its implementation in food products, with intention to design new functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Perović
- Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bul. Cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; Institute of Food Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bul. Cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Vesna Tumbas Šaponjac
- Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bul. Cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Jovana Kojić
- Institute of Food Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bul. Cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Jelena Krulj
- Institute of Food Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bul. Cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Diego A Moreno
- CEBAS-CSIC, Food Science & Technology Department, Photochemistry and Healthy Foods Laboratory, Campus Universitario de Espinardo-25, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Cristina García-Viguera
- CEBAS-CSIC, Food Science & Technology Department, Photochemistry and Healthy Foods Laboratory, Campus Universitario de Espinardo-25, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Marija Bodroža-Solarov
- Institute of Food Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bul. Cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Nebojša Ilić
- Institute of Food Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bul. Cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
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Epure A, Pârvu AE, Vlase L, Benedec D, Hanganu D, Gheldiu AM, Toma VA, Oniga I. Phytochemical Profile, Antioxidant, Cardioprotective and Nephroprotective Activity of Romanian Chicory Extract. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E64. [PMID: 33396775 PMCID: PMC7823840 DOI: 10.3390/plants10010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study analyzed the methanol extract and tincture obtained from the spontaneous Romanian Cichorium intybus species, in order to evaluate polyphenols content and some biological properties. Chromatographic and spectrophotometric methods were used for the analysis of polyphenols and the antioxidant capacity was assessed in vitro with DPPH● (2,2-diphenyl-picrylhydrazil) and FRAP (ferric-reducing antioxidant power) tests. The cardio-protective effects of Cichorii herba tincture on myocardial ischemia induced by isoprenaline and nephroprotection on renal failure induced by gentamicin were evaluated on rats. Also, aspartate aminotrasferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) and creatinine clearance (CrCl) were measured. The antioxidant effect was evaluated by determining total oxidative stress (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondyaldehide (MDA), total thiols (SH) and total nitrites and nitrates (NOx). Cichoric acid was the main polyphenolic compound. The extracts had moderate in vitro antioxidant activity but the in vivo antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects were significant and associated with myocardial and renal dysfunction improvement. The results were attributed to the content of polyphenols in the extracts, for which reason C. intybus may be considered an important raw material for pharmaceuticals formulations recommended in the prevention or treatment of heart or kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Epure
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 V. Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.E.); (D.B.); (D.H.); (I.O.)
| | - Alina E. Pârvu
- Department of Physiopathology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 V. Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Laurian Vlase
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 V. Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Daniela Benedec
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 V. Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.E.); (D.B.); (D.H.); (I.O.)
| | - Daniela Hanganu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 V. Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.E.); (D.B.); (D.H.); (I.O.)
| | - Ana-Maria Gheldiu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 V. Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Vlad Al. Toma
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, “Babeș Bolyai” University, 11 Arany János Street, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Ilioara Oniga
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 V. Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.E.); (D.B.); (D.H.); (I.O.)
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Sikander M, Malik S, Rodriguez A, Yallapu MM, Narula AS, Satapathy SK, Dhevan V, Chauhan SC, Jaggi M. Role of Nutraceuticals in COVID-19 Mediated Liver Dysfunction. Molecules 2020; 25:E5905. [PMID: 33322162 PMCID: PMC7764432 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is known as one of the deadliest pandemics of the century. The rapid spread of this deadly virus at incredible speed has stunned the planet and poses a challenge to global scientific and medical communities. Patients with COVID-19 are at an increased risk of co-morbidities associated with liver dysfunction and injury. Moreover, hepatotoxicity induced by antiviral therapy is gaining importance and is an area of great concern. Currently, alternatives therapies are being sought to mitigate hepatic damage, and there has been growing interest in the research on bioactive phytochemical agents (nutraceuticals) due to their versatility in health benefits reported in various epidemiological studies. Therefore, this review provides information and summarizes the juncture of antiviral, immunomodulatory, and hepatoprotective nutraceuticals that can be useful during the management of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Sikander
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; (M.S.); (S.M.); (A.R.); (M.M.Y.); (S.C.C.)
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| | - Shabnam Malik
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; (M.S.); (S.M.); (A.R.); (M.M.Y.); (S.C.C.)
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| | - Anyssa Rodriguez
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; (M.S.); (S.M.); (A.R.); (M.M.Y.); (S.C.C.)
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| | - Murali M. Yallapu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; (M.S.); (S.M.); (A.R.); (M.M.Y.); (S.C.C.)
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| | - Acharan S. Narula
- Narula Research, LLC, 107 Boulder Bluff, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA;
| | - Sanjaya K. Satapathy
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Sandra Atlas Bass Center for Liver Diseases and Transplantation, Barbara and Zucker School of Medicine, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA;
| | - Vijian Dhevan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA;
| | - Subhash C. Chauhan
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; (M.S.); (S.M.); (A.R.); (M.M.Y.); (S.C.C.)
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| | - Meena Jaggi
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; (M.S.); (S.M.); (A.R.); (M.M.Y.); (S.C.C.)
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
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Zhu H, Wang Z, Wu Y, Jiang H, Zhou F, Xie X, Wang R, Hua C. Untargeted metabonomics reveals intervention effects of chicory polysaccharide in a rat model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 128:363-375. [PMID: 30690116 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.01.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, serum metabolomics techniques were used to evaluate the potential mechanism of the effect of chicory polysaccharides in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) rats. A rat model of NAFLD was constructed according to the histopathological data and biochemical parameters, while the underlying mechanisms of high-fat diet (HFD) induced NAFLD and the therapeutic effects of chicory polysaccharides (CP) were studied by the adoption of serum metabolomics. The serum metabolites were analyzed by GC/MS. Multivariate statistical approaches such as principal component analysis, revealed significant differences with HFD model and CP groups against the control. Results indicated that CP plays a regulatory role in the occurrence of NAFLD. Meantime, a total of 65 candidate biomarkers were screened and identified. Cluster analysis, enrichment analysis and metabolic pathway analysis of differential metabolites also indicated that amino acid metabolism and fatty acid biosynthesis in NAFLD rats, the β-oxidation and urea cycle of very long-chain fatty acids were mainly disturbed when compared against the control group. The corresponding metabolic pathways in the CP group were relieved compared against the NAFLD rats. These results showed that untargeted metabonomics helps to explain intervention effects of chicory polysaccharide with the rat model of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China; School of Food Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing 211171, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Construction Laboratory of Special Biomass Byproduct Resource Utilization, Nanjing 211171, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenjiong Wang
- School of Food Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing 211171, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Construction Laboratory of Special Biomass Byproduct Resource Utilization, Nanjing 211171, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yulong Wu
- School of Food Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing 211171, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Construction Laboratory of Special Biomass Byproduct Resource Utilization, Nanjing 211171, People's Republic of China
| | - Haitao Jiang
- School of Food Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing 211171, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Construction Laboratory of Special Biomass Byproduct Resource Utilization, Nanjing 211171, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhou
- School of Food Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing 211171, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Construction Laboratory of Special Biomass Byproduct Resource Utilization, Nanjing 211171, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Xie
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China; School of Food Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing 211171, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Construction Laboratory of Special Biomass Byproduct Resource Utilization, Nanjing 211171, People's Republic of China
| | - Renlei Wang
- Biology Department, Jiangsu Second Normal University, Nanjing 210013, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Hua
- School of Food Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing 211171, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Construction Laboratory of Special Biomass Byproduct Resource Utilization, Nanjing 211171, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Li M, Ma J, Ahmad O, Cao Y, Wang B, He Q, Li J, Yin H, Zhang Y, He J, Shang J. Lipid-modulate activity of Cichorium glandulosum Boiss. et Huet polysaccharide in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease larval zebrafish model. J Pharmacol Sci 2018; 138:257-262. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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Nwafor IC, Shale K, Achilonu MC. Chemical Composition and Nutritive Benefits of Chicory (Cichorium intybus) as an Ideal Complementary and/or Alternative Livestock Feed Supplement. ScientificWorldJournal 2017; 2017:7343928. [PMID: 29387778 PMCID: PMC5745685 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7343928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chicory is a perennial plant grown in different parts of the world, used as forage for livestock, as folklore remedies, or as a vegetable addition in human diets. There are several varieties of the chicory plant, known differently globally due to its numerous medicinal, culinary, and nutritional qualities. Most parts of the plant contain a potpourri of nutrients ranging within carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, minerals, soluble fiber, trace elements, and bioactive phenolic compounds, which are responsible for the various nutritive, prophylactic, and therapeutic qualities of chicory. Inulin, coumarins, tannins, monomeric flavonoids, and sesquiterpene lactones are some of the major phytocompounds mostly found in chicory plants. The health-promoting activities attributed to chicory comprise, among others, anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, antiviral, antibacterial, antimutagenic, antifungal, anthelmintic, immune-stimulating, and antihepatotoxic and its antioxidative qualities. As a versatile plant, chicory's chemical composition and use as a suitable livestock feed supplement or as an alternative feed ingredient (AFI) are thus reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifeoma Chinyelu Nwafor
- Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Free State, Private Bag X20539, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Karabo Shale
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Mangosuthu University of Technology, P.O. Box 12363, Jacobs, Durban, Umlazi, KwaZulu-Natal 4026, South Africa
| | - Matthew Chilaka Achilonu
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Mangosuthu University of Technology, P.O. Box 12363, Jacobs, Durban, Umlazi, KwaZulu-Natal 4026, South Africa
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13
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Eslami H, Babaei H, Falsafi P, Rahbar M, Najar-Karimi F, Pourzare-Mehrbani S. Evaluation of the Antifungal Effect of Chicory Extracts on Candida Glabrata and Candida Krusei in a Laboratory Environment. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017; 18:1014-1020. [PMID: 29109313 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM This research has evaluated the extract's antifungal effects on Candida glabrata and Candida krusei in a laboratory environment. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this research, to evaluate the antifungal effect and the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination of chicory extract, the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) was used. Candida glabrata and C. krusei funguses were procured from the Tehran Pasteur Institute; they were grown in the relative growing environment according to the required conditions. Also for further assurance about the macrodilution method reality, the agar well diffusion method was used. Finally, the obtained results were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 16 software. RESULTS The MIC for the chicory extract was 50 μg/mL for C. krusei and 100 μg/mL for C. glabrata. On the contrary, in the evaluation of different concentrations of the chicory extract by the agar well diffusion method, C. krusei's lack of growth in similar concentrations was greater than that of C. glabrata. As a result, the findings related to both the methods of agar well diffusion and MIC prevention concentration maximization proved that C. krusei sensitivity to the chicory extract is more compared with the sensitivity of C. glabrata. CONCLUSION Chicory extract has the benefits of low price, accessibility, and proper taste as compared with nystatin. It also has fewer side effects, and after a clinical test, it could be considered a proper candidate as an antifungal drug against infections caused by C. krusei and C. glabrata. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The results obtained from this research have shown that chicory extract has antifungal features and is the best choice as an antifungal drug because of its low price, accessibility, and proper taste as compared with nystatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosein Eslami
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Hossein Babaei
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Parisa Falsafi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mahdi Rahbar
- Department of Operative and Esthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | | | - Solmaz Pourzare-Mehrbani
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran, Phone: +09148125118, e-mail:
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Sahan Y, Gurbuz O, Guldas M, Degirmencioglu N, Begenirbas A. Phenolics, antioxidant capacity and bioaccessibility of chicory varieties (Cichorium spp.) grown in Turkey. Food Chem 2017; 217:483-489. [PMID: 27664662 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.08.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the changes in phenolics, anthocyanin, antioxidant capacity, and bioaccessibility of chicory varieties (Cichorium spp.) in Turkey were investigated. A total of 19 phenolic standards were screened in the chicory varieties studied and the most abundant compounds in the samples, extracted with methanol, were phenolic acids, syringic (2.54mg/kg) and trans-ferulic acid (1.85mg/kg), whilst (+)-catechin was the major flavanol. The highest flavanol content using either methanol or ethanol was determined in the green chicory samples (0.62mg/kg). The red chicory variety had higher anthocyanin (12.80mg/kg), and contained more phenolics, extractable (8855.50mg GAE/100g) and hydrolysable (7005.51mg GAE/100g), than the other varieties. Also, the antioxidant capacities in this variety, as measured using the CUPRAC assay (570.54 and 425.14μmol Trolox/g dw, respectively), had a wider range of difference than was found in the other assays used. Total phenolics were more bioaccessible from the white chicory variety (61.48%). However, the bioaccessibility of antioxidants was higher in the green chicory variety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin Sahan
- Uludag University, Agricultural Faculty, Dept. of Food Engineering, Gorukle Campus, 16059 Bursa, Turkey.
| | - Ozan Gurbuz
- Uludag University, Agricultural Faculty, Dept. of Food Engineering, Gorukle Campus, 16059 Bursa, Turkey.
| | - Metin Guldas
- Uludag University Karacabey Vocational School, Dept. of Food Processing, Karacabey Campus, 16700 Bursa, Turkey.
| | - Nurcan Degirmencioglu
- Bandırma Onyedi Eylul University, Bandırma Vocational School, Dept. of Food Processing, 10200 Balikesir, Turkey.
| | - Aynur Begenirbas
- Uludag University, Agricultural Faculty, Dept. of Food Engineering, Gorukle Campus, 16059 Bursa, Turkey.
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Romagnoli C, Baldisserotto A, Malisardi G, Vicentini CB, Mares D, Andreotti E, Vertuani S, Manfredini S. A Multi-Target Approach toward the Development of Novel Candidates for Antidermatophytic Activity: Ultrastructural Evidence on α-Bisabolol-Treated Microsporum gypseum. Molecules 2015; 20:11765-76. [PMID: 26132903 PMCID: PMC6332250 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200711765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-target strategies are directed toward targets that are unrelated (or distantly related) and can create opportunities to address different pathologies. The antidermatophytic activities of nine natural skin lighteners: α-bisabolol, kojic acid, β-arbutin, azelaic acid, hydroquinone, nicotinamide, glycine, glutathione and ascorbyl tetraisopalmitate, were evaluated, in comparison with the known antifungal drug fluconazole, on nine dermatophytes responsible for the most common dermatomycoses: Microsporum gypseum, Microsporum canis, Trichophyton violaceum, Nannizzia cajetani, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Epidermophyton floccosum, Arthroderma gypseum, Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton tonsurans. α-Bisabolol showed the best antifungal activity against all fungi and in particular; against M. gypseum. Further investigations were conducted on this fungus to evaluate the inhibition of spore germination and morphological changes induced by α-bisabolol by TEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Romagnoli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, viale Caduti in Guerra 127, 41121 Modena, Italy.
| | - Anna Baldisserotto
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Master Course in Cosmetic Science and Technology, University of Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Gemma Malisardi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Master Course in Cosmetic Science and Technology, University of Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Chiara B Vicentini
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Master Course in Cosmetic Science and Technology, University of Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Donatella Mares
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Master Course in Cosmetic Science and Technology, University of Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Elisa Andreotti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, viale Caduti in Guerra 127, 41121 Modena, Italy.
| | - Silvia Vertuani
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Master Course in Cosmetic Science and Technology, University of Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Stefano Manfredini
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Master Course in Cosmetic Science and Technology, University of Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
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El-Sayed YS, Lebda MA, Hassinin M, Neoman SA. Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) root extract regulates the oxidative status and antioxidant gene transcripts in CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121549. [PMID: 25807561 PMCID: PMC4373694 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of Cichorium intybus root extract (chicory extract) to protect against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity was evaluated in male rats. The rats were divided into four groups according to treatment: saline (control); chicory extract (100 mg/kg body weight daily, given orally for 2 weeks); CCl4 (1 ml/kg body weight by intraperitoneal injection for 2 consecutive days only); or chicory extract (100 mg/kg body weight daily for 2 weeks) + CCl4 injection on days 16 and 17. The levels of hepatic lipid peroxidation, antioxidants, and molecular biomarkers were estimated twenty-four hours after the last CCl4 injection. Pretreatment with chicory extract significantly reduced CCl4-induced elevation of malondialdehyde levels and nearly normalized levels of glutathione and activity of glutathione S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase, catalase (CAT), paraoxonase-1 (PON1), and arylesterase in the liver. Chicory extract also attenuated CCl4-induced downregulation of hepatic mRNA expression levels of GPx1, CAT and PON1 genes. Results of DNA fragmentation support the ability of chicory extract to ameliorate CCl4-induced liver toxicity. Taken together, our results demonstrate that chicory extract is rich in natural antioxidants and able to attenuate CCl4-induced hepatocellular injury, likely by scavenging reactive free radicals, boosting the endogenous antioxidant defense system, and overexpressing genes encoding antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser S. El-Sayed
- Department of Veterinary Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Lebda
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Hassinin
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Saad A. Neoman
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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17
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Li GY, Gao HY, Huang J, Lu J, Gu JK, Wang JH. Hepatoprotective effect of Cichorium intybus L., a traditional Uighur medicine, against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:4753-60. [PMID: 24782629 PMCID: PMC4000513 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i16.4753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the hepatoprotective effect of a Cichorium intybus L. extract (CIE) on CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats. METHODS Seventy-two male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into six groups of twelve rats each. The normal control group was allowed free access to food and water. Liver injury was performed in the remaining five groups with an i.p. injection of a 1.0 mL/kg CCl4 and olive oil (2:3 v/v) mixture, twice weekly for 8 weeks. All rats, with the exception of the injury model group, were intragastrically (i.g.,) administered quantum satis (q.s.) dosages [CIE group: 6, 18, and 54 mg/kg, respectively; Fu Fang Bie Jia Ruan Gan Pian (FFBJRGP) group: 780 mg/kg]. The oral administration of different drugs was performed on the day before CCl4 administration and subsequently once per day for 8 wk. The serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), hexadecenoic acid (HA), laminin (LN), hydroxyproline (Hyp), and glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the rat livers were measured. Histopathological changes in the liver were assessed for each group using HE staining and a Masson Trichrome examination. The expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) was examined by immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS CIE at oral doses of 6, 18, and 54 g/kg per day showed a significant hepatoprotective effect, especially at a dose of 54 g/kg per day. CIE doses reduced the levels of AST (149.04 ± 34.44, P < 0.01), ALT (100.72 ± 27.19, P < 0.01), HA (548.50 ± 65.09, P < 0.01), LN (28.69 ± 3.32, P < 0.01) and Hyp (263.33 ± 75.82, P < 0.01). With regards to hepatoprotective activity, the CIE dose of 54 g/kg per day produced the largest significant effect by increasing GSH (3.11 ± 0.81), SOD (269.98 ± 33.77, P < 0.01) and reducing MDA (2.76 ± 0.51, P < 0.01) levels in the liver. The expressions of TGF-β1 and α-SMA were measured by immunohistology and found to be significantly reduced by CIE in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION CIE may effectively protect against CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats; thus, it is a promising anti-fibrotic therapeutic agent.
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18
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Nguyen DMC, Seo DJ, Park RD, Jung WJ. Antifungal, Nematicidal and Antioxidant Activity of the Methanol Extracts Obtained from Medicinal Plants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.3839/jabc.2013.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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19
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Street RA, Sidana J, Prinsloo G. Cichorium intybus: Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Toxicology. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2013; 2013:579319. [PMID: 24379887 PMCID: PMC3860133 DOI: 10.1155/2013/579319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The genus Cichorium (Asteraceae) is made up of six species with major geographical presence in Europe and Asia. Cichorium intybus, commonly known as chicory, is well known as a coffee substitute but is also widely used medicinally to treat various ailments ranging from wounds to diabetes. Although this plant has a rich history of use in folklore, many of its constituents have not been explored for their pharmacological potential. Toxicological data on C. intybus is currently limited. This review focuses on the economic and culturally important medicinal uses of C. intybus. Traditional uses, scientific validation, and phytochemical composition are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée A. Street
- Medical Research Council, HIV Prevention Research Unit, Westville, Durban 4041, South Africa
| | - Jasmeen Sidana
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road (NH-1), Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Gerhard Prinsloo
- Department of Agriculture and Animal health, University of South Africa (UNISA), Florida Campus, Florida 1710, South Africa
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Cai J, Xie S, Feng J, Wang F, Xu Q. Protective effect of Polygonum orientale L. extracts against Clavibater michiganense subsp. sepedonicum, the causal agent of bacterial ring rot of potato. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68480. [PMID: 23861908 PMCID: PMC3701652 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Polygonum orientale L. extracts were investigated for antibacterial activity against Clavibater michiganense subsp. sepedonicum (Spieckermann & Kotthoff) Davis et al., the causal agent of a serious disease called bacterial ring rot of potato. The results showed that the leaf extracts of P. orientale had significantly (p<0.05) greater antibacterial activity against C. michiganense subsp. sepedonicum than root, stem, flower extracts in vitro. According to the results of single factor experiments and L(27)3(13) orthogonal experiments, optimum extraction conditions were A1B3C1, extraction time 6 h, temperature 80°C, solid to liquid ratio 1∶10 (g:mL). The highest (p<0.05) antibacterial activity was observed when pH was 5, excluding the effect of control. The extracts were stable under ultraviolet (UV). In vivo analysis revealed that 50 mg/mL of P. orientale leaf extracts was effective in controlling decay. Under field conditions, 50 mg/mL of P. orientale leaf extracts also improved growth parameters (whole plant length, shoot length, root length, plant fresh weight, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, dry weight, and number of leaves), in the 2010 and 2011 two growing seasons. Further solvent partition assays showed that the most active compounds were in the petroleum ether fractionation. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed drastic ultrastructural changes caused by petroleum ether fractionation, including bacterial deformation, electron-dense particles, formation of vacuoles and lack of cytoplasmic materials. These results indicated that P. orientale extracts have strong antibacterial activity against C. michiganense subsp. sepedonicum and a promising effect in control of bacterial ring rot of potato disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Cai
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shulian Xie
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Feng
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feipeng Wang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiufeng Xu
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
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Liu H, Wang Q, Liu Y, Chen G, Cui J. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Cichorium intybus root extract using orthogonal matrix design. J Food Sci 2013; 78:M258-63. [PMID: 23387896 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Solvent, impregnation time, sonication repetitions, and ultrasonic power were important factors in the process of ultrasound-assisted extraction from chicory (Cichorium intybus) root, while there were no studies about optimizing these 4 factors for extract yield, total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal activity of the extracts using orthogonal matrix design. The present research demonstrated that the solvent composition played a significant role in the improving extract yield, TPC, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities. The other 3 factors had inequable effect on different purposes, ultrasonic power could improve TPC and antioxidant activity, but long time of extraction lowered antioxidant activity. The TPC increased from 22.34 to 27.87 mg GAE (gallic acid equivalents)/100 g (dry extracts) with increasing solvent polarity. The half inhibition concentration (IC(50,) μg/mL) of the radical scavenging activity of the chicory extracts ranged from 281.00 to 983.33 μg/mL. The content of caffeoylquinic acids of root extract, which was extracted by the optimal combination was 0.104%. Several extracts displayed antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus subtilis, and Salmonella typhi, while Penicillium sp. and Aspergillus sp. resisted against all the extracts. Combination of 70% ethanol v/v, 24-h impregnation time, 3 sonication rounds, and 300-W ultrasonic input power was found to be the optimal combination for the chicory extract yield, TPC, antioxidant activity, and antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Liu
- Dept. of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science & Technology, Northwest A&F Univ., 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, PR China
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Ghamarian A, Abdollahi M, Su X, Amiri A, Ahadi A, Nowrouzi A. Effect of chicory seed extract on glucose tolerance test (GTT) and metabolic profile in early and late stage diabetic rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 20:56. [PMID: 23352214 PMCID: PMC3556018 DOI: 10.1186/2008-2231-20-56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Background and purpose of the study The goal was to evaluate and compare the effects of aqueous extract of the seeds of chicory, Cichorium intybus L., on glucose tolerance test (GTT) and blood biochemical indices of experimentally-induced hyperglycemic rats. Methods Late stage and early stage of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were induced in rats by streptozotocin (STZ) and a combination of STZ and niacinamide (NIA/STZ), respectively. Within each group, one subgroup received daily i. p. injections of chicory extract (125 mg/kg body weight, for 28 days). Body weight and fasting blood sugar (FBS) were measured weekly. Blood was analyzed for glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and sera for alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), nitric oxide (NO), triacylglycerol (TG), total cholesterol (TC), total protein, and insulin on days 10 and 28 after treatment. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) along with insulin determination was performed on a different set of rats in which the chicory-treated groups received the extract for 10 days. Results During 4 weeks of treatment, chicory prevented body-weight loss and decreased FBS. ALT activities and levels of TG, TC and HbA1c decreased, and concentration of NO increased in the chicory treated groups (p < 0.05). Unlike late-stage diabetes, fasting serum insulin concentrations were higher and GTT pattern approximated to normal in chicory-treated early-stage diabetic rats. Conclusions Chicory appeared to have short-term (about 2 hours, as far as GTT is concerned) and long-term (28 days, in this study) effects on diabetes. Chicory may be useful as a natural dietary supplement for slowing down the pace of diabetes progress, and delaying the development of its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolreza Ghamarian
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Alghazeer R, El-Saltani H, Saleh N, Al-Najjar A, Hebail F. Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of five medicinal Libyan plants extracts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/ns.2012.45045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Guerrini A, Rossi D, Paganetto G, Tognolini M, Muzzoli M, Romagnoli C, Antognoni F, Vertuani S, Medici A, Bruni A, Useli C, Tamburini E, Bruni R, Sacchetti G. Chemical Characterization (GC/MS and NMR Fingerprinting) and Bioactivities of South-African Pelargonium capitatum (L.) L' Her. (Geraniaceae) Essential Oil. Chem Biodivers 2011; 8:624-42. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201000045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Beharav A, Ben-David R, Malarz J, Stojakowska A, Michalska K, Doležalová I, Lebeda A, Kisiel W. Variation of sesquiterpene lactones in Lactuca aculeata natural populations from Israel, Jordan and Turkey. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2010.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Atrrog AAB, Natić M, Tosti T, Milojković-Opsenica D, Đorđević I, Tešević V, Jadranin M, Milosavljević S, Lazić M, Radulović S, Tešić Z. Lipophilicity of some guaianolides isolated from two endemic subspecies ofAmphoricarpos neumayeri(Asteraceae) from Montenegro. Biomed Chromatogr 2009; 23:250-6. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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