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Miranda-Calixto A, Loera-Corral O, López-Pérez M, Figueroa-Martínez F. Improvement of Akanthomyces lecanii resistance to tebuconazole through UV-C radiation and selective pressure on microbial evolution and growth arenas. J Invertebr Pathol 2023; 198:107914. [PMID: 36958641 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2023.107914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Tebuconazole (TEB) is a fungicide widely used in agriculture; however, its constant application has increased the emergence of resistant plant pathogenic fungal strains and reduced the effectiveness of fungi as biological control agents; for instance, the entomopathogenic and hyperparasitic fungus Akanthomyces lecanii, suitable for simultaneous biological control of insect pest and plant pathogenic fungi, is highly sensitive to fungicides. We carried out the induction of resistance to TEB in two wild type strains of A. lecanii by UV radiation and selective pressure in increasing fungicide gradients using a modified Microbial Evolution and Growth Arena (MEGA), to produce A. lecanii strains that can be used as biological control agent in the presence of tebuconazole. Nine UV-induced and three naturally adapted A. lecanii strains were resistant to TEB at the agriculturally recommended dose, and three irradiated strains were resistant to TEB concentration ten times higher; moreover, growth, sporulation rates, production of hydrolytic enzymes, and virulence against the hemipteran Coccus viridis, a major pest of coffee crops, were not affected in the TEB-resistant strains. These A. lecanii TEB-resistant strains would have a greater opportunity to develop and to establish themselves in fields where the fungicide is present and can be used in a combined biological-chemical strategy to improve insect and plant pathogenic fungal control in agriculture. Also, the selective pressure through modified MEGA plate methodology can be used for the adaptation of entomopathogenic filamentous fungi to withstand other chemical or abiotic stresses that limits its effectiveness for pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Miranda-Calixto
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Departamento de Biotecnología, San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, C. P. 09340 CDMX, Mexico
| | - Octavio Loera-Corral
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Departamento de Biotecnología, San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, C. P. 09340 CDMX, Mexico
| | - Marcos López-Pérez
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Lerma Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Av. de las Garzas 10, El panteón, C. P. 52005 Lerma de Villada, Mexico
| | - Francisco Figueroa-Martínez
- CONACyT Research Fellow - Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, C. P. 09340 CDMX, Mexico.
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DNA methyltransferase implicated in the recovery of conidiation, through successive plant passages, in phenotypically degenerated Metarhizium. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:5371-5383. [PMID: 32318770 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10628-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Metarhizium robertsii is a fungus with two lifestyles; it is a plant root symbiont and an insect pathogen. A spontaneously phenotypically degenerated strain of M. robertsii strain ARSEF 2575 (M. robertsii lc-2575; lc = low conidiation) showed a reduction in conidiation and fungal virulence after successive subculturing on agar medium. In order to recover conidiation, we experimentally passaged M. robertsii lc-2575 through plant (soldier bean and switchgrass) root or insect (Galleria mellonella) larvae. After five passages, the resultant strains had significantly increased conidial yields on agar and increased virulence in insect bioassays. Concomitantly, DNA methyltransferase, MrDIM-2 expression was downregulated in BR5 (a strain after 5 bean root passages) and isolates after switchgrass and insect passages. Bisulfite sequencing showed little difference in overall genomic DNA methylation levels (~ 0.37%) between M. robertsii lc-2575 and BR5. However, a finer comparison of the different methylated regions (DMRs) showed that DMRs of BR5 were more abundant in the intergenic regions (69.32%) compared with that of M. robertsii lc-2575 (33.33%). The addition of DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, 5-azacytidine, to agar supported the role of DNA methyltransferases and resulted in an increase in conidiation of M. robertsii lc-2575. Differential gene expression was observed in selected DMRs in BR5 when compared with M. robertsii lc-2575. Here we implicated epigenetic regulation in the recovery of conidiation through the effects of DNA methyltransferase and that plant passage could be used as a method to recover fungal conidiation and virulence in a phenotypically degenerated M. robertsii. KEY POINTS: • Passage of Metarhizium through plant root or insect results in increased conidiation. • DNA methyltransferase is downregulated after host passage. • Bisulfite sequencing identified potentially methylated genes involved in conidiation.
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Forced aeration promotes high production and productivity of infective conidia from Metarhizium robertsii in solid-state fermentation. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Muñiz-Paredes F, Sanchéz-García L, Garza-López P, Viniegra-González G, Loera O. Improved conidiation from entomopathogenic fungi through 26% oxygen pulses in solid-state culture depends on a balance between headspace volume and substrate amounts. Lett Appl Microbiol 2019; 69:279-285. [PMID: 31400161 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen-enriched atmospheres applied as periodic pulses increased conidia production from entomopathogenic fungi in agar surface cultures. However, this advantage has not been obtained in solid-state cultures (SSC), probably as a result of different biomass production between both culture systems. In this work, the biomass formation from two Isaria strains was limited in SSC using 5, 2·5 and 1 initial grams of substrate (gds). In the system with 5 gds, conidia production decreased in 26% oxygen-enriched pulses compared to the normal atmosphere. Conversely, 26% oxygen pulses increased conidiation up to one order magnitude in systems with 2·5 and 1 gds, respective to the normal atmosphere. These results were explained by oxygen depletion and high CO2 accumulation in the 5 gds system. Whereas in systems with 2·5 or 1 gds, oxygen levels remained high enough to stimulate conidiation. These results were attributed to the headspace volume:gds ratio, which is suggested to be ≥48 ml per gds. This ratio is proposed as a scaling-up criterion for bioreactor design when oxygen-enriched pulses are used in SSC for improvement of conidia production. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Oxygen-enriched atmospheres applied as periodic pulses increase conidiation in entomopathogenic fungi (EF). However, this remained restricted to agar surface cultures, since conidiation decreased when carried out in solid-state culture (SSC) which is used as large-scale production system. We identified that in SSC the ratio between the headspace volume containing 26% oxygen-enriched pulses and the grams of substrate determines the conidiation response to oxygen-enriched pulses. For the first time, oxygen-enriched pulses increased conidiation in SSC respective to the normal atmosphere in four EF. This ratio is proposed as a bioreactor criterion design for large-scale conidia production of EF using oxygen-enriched pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Muñiz-Paredes
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - L Sanchéz-García
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - P Garza-López
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Tulancingo, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - G Viniegra-González
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - O Loera
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Qiu L, Li JJ, Li Z, Wang JJ. Production and characterization of biocontrol fertilizer from brewer's spent grain via solid-state fermentation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:480. [PMID: 30679572 PMCID: PMC6345932 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36949-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Brewer's spent grain (BSG) is a promising substrate for the production of biocontrol fertilizer (BF). The effects of temperature, water content and fermentation time on the conidiation and germination rate of the entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana (BbQLU1) were modeled in a 3 × 3 × 3 factorially designed experiment. The optimum conditions for BF production (60% water content at 25 °C for 12 days) resulted in a conidiation of 0.85 × 108 spores/g and a germination rate of 98.68%. BF at a concentration of 1 × 10-2 g/ml prompted plant growth and exhibited high toxicity against Galleria mellonella with an LT50 of 3.6 days. GC-MS analysis found 2-piperidone; benzoic acid, 3-methyl-, methyl ester; and other compounds to be potentially related to the toxicity and enhanced plant growth. These findings provide substantial evidence to support the production of BF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250353, PR China.
| | - Jiao-Jiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250353, PR China
| | - Zhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250353, PR China
| | - Juan-Juan Wang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, 250022, PR China.
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Zhang E, Cao Y, Xia Y. Ethanol Dehydrogenase I Contributes to Growth and Sporulation Under Low Oxygen Condition via Detoxification of Acetaldehyde in Metarhizium acridum. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1932. [PMID: 30186258 PMCID: PMC6110892 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The entomopathogenic fungi encounter hypoxic conditions in both nature and artificial culture. Alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) are a group of oxidoreductases that occur in many organisms. Here we demonstrate that an alcohol dehydrogenase I, MaADH1, in the locust-specific fungal pathogen, Metarhizium acridum, functions in acetaldehyde detoxification mechanism under hypoxic conditions in growth and sporulation. The MaADH1 was highly expressed in sporulation stage under hypoxic conditions. Compared with a wild-type strain, the ΔMaADH1 mutant showed inhibited growth and sporulation under hypoxic conditions, but no impairment under normal conditions. Under hypoxic conditions, ΔMaADH1 mutant produced significant decreased alcohol, but significant increased acetaldehyde compared to wild type. M. acridum was sensitive to exogenous acetaldehyde, exhibiting an inhibited growth and sporulation with acetaldehyde added in the medium. MaADH1 did not affect virulence. Our results indicated that the MaADH1 was critical to growth and sporulation under hypoxic stress by detoxification of acetaldehyde in M. acridum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erhao Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fungal Insecticides, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation Technologies under Chongqing Municipal Education Commission, Chongqing, China
| | - Yueqing Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fungal Insecticides, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation Technologies under Chongqing Municipal Education Commission, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuxian Xia
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fungal Insecticides, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation Technologies under Chongqing Municipal Education Commission, Chongqing, China
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7
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The oxygen concentration in cultures modulates protein expression and enzymatic antioxidant responses in Metarhizium lepidiotae conidia. Fungal Biol 2018; 122:487-496. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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8
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Oliveira AS, Rangel DEN. Transient anoxia during Metarhizium robertsii growth increases conidial virulence to Tenebrio molitor. J Invertebr Pathol 2018. [PMID: 29530642 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the phenotypic effects of hypoxia and transient anoxia on the virulence of an entomopathogenic fungus. Conidia of Metarhizium robertsii were produced on: (1) potato dextrose agar medium (PDA) under normoxia; (2) PDA medium under continuous hypoxia; (3) PDA medium under transient anoxia; and (4) minimal medium with lactose (MML) under normoxia. Conidia produced under transient anoxia and produced on MML were the most virulent to Tenebrio molitor. Conidia produced under normoxia and hypoxia were the least virulent. Conidial production and germination speed of conidia produced under normoxia, hypoxia, and transient anoxia were similar; however, MML produced less conidia, but germinated faster than any other treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel S Oliveira
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO 74605-050, Brazil
| | - Drauzio E N Rangel
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO 74605-050, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Brasil, São Paulo, SP 08230-030, Brazil.
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Ahuactzin-Pérez M, Tlecuitl-Beristain S, García-Dávila J, Santacruz-Juárez E, González-Pérez M, Gutiérrez-Ruíz MC, Sánchez C. A novel biodegradation pathway of the endocrine-disruptor di(2-ethyl hexyl) phthalate by Pleurotus ostreatus based on quantum chemical investigation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 147:494-499. [PMID: 28915396 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Di(2-ethyl hexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a plasticizer that interfere with endocrine systems in mammals. Growth parameters for Pleurotus ostreatus grown on media containing glucose and different concentrations of DEHP (0, 500 and 1000mg/L) were evaluated. The highest biomass production was observed in medium supplemented with 1000mg of DEHP/L. Half-life of DEHP biodegradation, biodegradation constant of DEHP, and percentage of removal efficiency (%E) were also determined. P. ostreatus degraded 100% of DEHP after 504h. %E was 99.3% and 98.4% for 500 and 1000mg of DEHP/L, respectively. Intermediate compounds of biodegraded DEHP were identified by GC-MS and a DEHP biodegradation pathway was proposed using quantum chemical investigation. DEHP might be metabolized through three pathways; a de-esterification pathway, an oxidation pathway and an oxidation-hydrolysis pathway, forming phthalic acid, acetic acid and butanediol, respectively. P. ostreatus degrades and uses (as carbon and energy source) high concentrations of DEHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Ahuactzin-Pérez
- Doctorado en Biología Experimental, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa (UAM-I), Mexico; Facultad de Agrobiología, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Ixtacuixtla, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Saúl Tlecuitl-Beristain
- Universidad Politécnica de Tlaxcala. San Pedro Xalcatzinco, Tepeyanco, Tlaxcala, C. P. 90180, Mexico
| | - Jorge García-Dávila
- Universidad Politécnica de Tlaxcala. San Pedro Xalcatzinco, Tepeyanco, Tlaxcala, C. P. 90180, Mexico
| | - Ericka Santacruz-Juárez
- Universidad Politécnica de Tlaxcala. San Pedro Xalcatzinco, Tepeyanco, Tlaxcala, C. P. 90180, Mexico
| | | | | | - Carmen Sánchez
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Research Centre for Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Ixtacuixtla, Tlaxcala CP. 90062, Mexico.
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Muñiz-Paredes F, Garza-López PM, Viniegra-González G, Loera O. Comparison between superficial and solid-state cultures of Isaria fumosorosea: conidial yields, quality and sensitivity to oxidant conditions. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 32:111. [PMID: 27263006 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-016-2072-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Conidia production and quality from mycoinsecticides in solid-state cultures (SSC) are frequently inferred from superficial culture (SC) results. Both parameters were evaluated for two Isaria fumosorosea strains (ARSEF 3302 and CNRCB1), in SC and SSC, using culture media with the same chemical composition. For both strains, conidia production was higher in SC than SSC in terms of conidia per gram of dry substrate. Germination in both strains did not show significant differences between SC and SSC (>90 %). Similarly, conidia viability in ARSEF 3302 strain did not show differences at early stages between SC and SSC, but was higher in SC compared to SSC in the late stage of culture; in contrast, conidia from CNRCB1 strain did not differ between both culture systems. Some infectivity parameters improved in conidia from SSC, compared to SC at the early stages, but these differences disappeared at the final stage, independently of the strain. Both strains showed decreased conidia production when 26 % O2 pulses were applied; nevertheless, conidiation in SSC was two orders of magnitude more sensitive to oxidant pulses. In SC with 26 % O2 pulses, conidia viability for both strains at early stages, was higher than in normal atmospheric conditions. Infectivity towards Galleria mellonella larvae was similar between conidia from normal atmosphere and oxidant conditions; notably, for the strain ARSEF 3302 infectivity decreased at the final stage. This study shows the intrinsic differences between SC and SSC, which should be considered when using SC as a model to design production processes in SSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Facundo Muñiz-Paredes
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, 09340, Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Paul Misael Garza-López
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, 43600, Tulancingo, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Viniegra-González
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, 09340, Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Octavio Loera
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, 09340, Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Pérez-Guzmán D, Montesinos-Matías R, Arce-Cervantes O, Gómez-Quiroz LE, Loera O, Garza-López PM. Reactive oxygen species production, induced by atmospheric modification, alter conidial quality of Beauveria bassiana. J Appl Microbiol 2016; 121:453-60. [PMID: 27107399 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and conidial infectivity in Beauveria bassiana. METHODS AND RESULTS Beauveria bassiana Bb 882.5 was cultured in solid-state culture (SSC) using rice under three oxygen conditions (21%, or pulses at 16 and 26%). Hydrophobicity was determined using exclusion phase assay. Bioassays with larvae or adults of Tenebrio molitor allowed the measurements of infectivity parameters. A fluorometric method was used for ROS quantification (superoxide and total peroxides). NADPH oxidase (NOX) activity was determined by specific inhibition. Conidial hydrophobicity decreased by O2 pulses. Mortality of larvae was only achieved with conidia harvested from cultures under 21% O2 ; whereas for adult insects, the infectivity parameters deteriorated in conidia obtained after pulses at 16 and 26% O2 . At day 7, ROS production increased after 16 and 26% O2 treatments. NOX activity induced ROS production at early stages of the culture. CONCLUSION Modification of atmospheric oxygen increases ROS production, reducing conidial quality and infectivity. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This is the first study in which conidial infectivity and ROS production in B. bassiana has been related, enhancing the knowledge of the effect of O2 pulses in B. bassiana.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Pérez-Guzmán
- División de Ingeniería Ambiental, Tecnológico de Estudios Superiores del Oriente del Estado de México, La Paz, Estado de México, Mexico
| | | | - O Arce-Cervantes
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Tulancingo, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - L E Gómez-Quiroz
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, México D.F, Mexico
| | - O Loera
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, México D.F, Mexico
| | - P M Garza-López
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Tulancingo, Hidalgo, Mexico
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Critical Values of Porosity in Rice Cultures of Isaria fumosorosea by Adding Water Hyacinth: Effect on Conidial Yields and Quality. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 177:446-57. [PMID: 26184013 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1754-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Conidia of the entomopathogenic fungus Isaria fumosorosea are used to control insect pests in crops. Commercially available mycoinsecticides manufactured with this fungus are produced on a large scale via solid-state cultures (SSC). In order to favour gaseous exchange in SCC, texturizers can be added to increase porosity fraction (ε). This work presents results of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) as a novel texturizer. A mixture of parboiled rice (PR), with a ε = 0.23, was used as a substrate, which was then mixed with water hyacinth (WH amendment) as a texturizer at different proportions affecting ε. Strains CNRCB1 and ARSEF3302 of I. fumosorosea yielded 1.6 (1.49-1.71) × 10(9) and 7.3 (7.02-7.58) × 10(9) conidia per gram of initial dry rice after 8 days, at ε values of 0.34 and 0.36, respectively. Improvement of conidial yields corresponded to 1.33 and 1.55 times, respectively, compared to rice alone using WH amendment in the mixtures PR:WH (%) at 90-10 and 80-20. In addition, infectivity against Galleria mellonella larvae was maintained. This is the first report of the use of water hyacinth as a texturizer in SSC, affecting ε, which is proposed a key parameter in conidia production by I. fumosorosea, without affecting conidial infectivity.
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Rodriguez-Gomez D, Marcial-Quino J, Loera O. Modulation of conidia production and expression of the gene bbrgs1 from Beauveria bassiana by oxygen pulses and light. J Invertebr Pathol 2015; 130:82-7. [PMID: 26166809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Light and oxidant states affect the conidiation in diverse fungi, although the response has not been described when both stimuli are applied simultaneously. Conidial production and quality in Beauveria bassiana were analysed under four conditions for a wild-type (wt) strain and a previously isolated mutant (mt): normal atmosphere (21% O2; NA) or oxygen-enriched pulses (26% O2; OEP), with either light (L) or darkness (D). The response was complemented by following the expression of the bbrgs1 gene, encoding a regulator of the G-protein signal associated to conidia production. Conidiation was not significantly affected in the mutant strain by any condition (highest value with NA-L: 2.7×10(8)concm(-2)). Relative to maximal levels under NA (NA-D: 4×10(7)concm(2)), the wt strain diminished conidiation by 34-fold under OEP. The expression of bbrgs1 was higher (up to 188 times) in the mutant strain in every condition relative to the wt strain, in fact expression levels were consistent with the conidiation yields between strains. Viability and hydrophobicity were less affected by culture conditions, although pathogenicity parameters improved in conidia from OEP. The response to OEP, either with light or darkness, was strain-dependent for conidial production, viability, hydrophobicity and infectivity of conidia, then these parameters could be modulated in mass production processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divanery Rodriguez-Gomez
- Departmento de Biotecnologia, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, 09340 Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - Jaime Marcial-Quino
- Cátedras CONACyT, comissioned to Instituto Nacional de Pediatrıa, S.S., 04530 Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - Octavio Loera
- Departmento de Biotecnologia, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, 09340 Mexico, D.F., Mexico.
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14
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Garza-López PM, Suárez-Vergel G, Hamdan-Partida A, Loera O. Variations in oxygen concentration cause differential antioxidant response and expression of related genes in Beauveria bassiana. Fungal Biol 2015; 119:257-63. [PMID: 25813512 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2014.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana is widely used in pest biocontrol strategies. We evaluated both the antioxidant response mediated by compatible solutes, trehalose or mannitol, and the expression of related genes using oxygen pulses at three oxygen concentrations in solid state culture (SSC): normal atmosphere (21% O2), low oxygen (16% O2) and enriched oxygen (26% O2). Trehalose concentration decreased 75% after atmospheric modifications in the cultures, whereas mannitol synthesis was three-fold higher under the 16% O2 pulses relative to normal atmosphere (100 and 30 μg mannitol mg(-1) biomass, respectively). Confirming this result, expression of the mpd gene, coding for mannitol-1-P dehydrogenase (MPD), increased up to 1.4 times after O2 pulses. The expression of the bbrgs1 gene, encoding a regulatory G protein related to conidiation, was analysed to explain previously reported differences in conidial production. Surprisingly, expression of bbrgs1 decreased after atmospheric modification. Finally, principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that 83.39% of the variability in the data could be explained by two components. This analysis corroborated the positive correlation between mannitol concentration and mpd gene expression, as well as the negative correlation between conidial production and bbrgs1 gene expression. This study contributes to understanding of antioxidant and molecular response of B. bassiana induced under oxidant conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Misael Garza-López
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Departamento de Biotecnología, San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, C. P. 09340, México D. F., Mexico
| | - Gerardo Suárez-Vergel
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Departamento de Biotecnología, San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, C. P. 09340, México D. F., Mexico
| | - Aida Hamdan-Partida
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Xochimilco, Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Calz. del Hueso 1100, Col. Villa Quietud, C. P. 04960, México, D. F., Mexico
| | - Octavio Loera
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Departamento de Biotecnología, San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, C. P. 09340, México D. F., Mexico.
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Production and quality of conidia by Metarhizium anisopliae var. lepidiotum: critical oxygen level and period of mycelium competence. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 99:2783-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6225-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Miranda-Hernández F, Saucedo-Castañeda G, Alatorre-Rosas R, Loera O. Oxygen-rich culture conditions enhance the conidial infectivity and the quality of two strains of Isaria fumosorosea for potentially improved biocontrol processes. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2014; 70:661-666. [PMID: 23847155 DOI: 10.1002/ps.3605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In addition to high production levels of conidia, the success of entomopathogenic fungi as biological control agents depends both on their prevalence under the environmental conditions found in open fields (resistance to stress) and on the capacity of these conidia to infect pests. This study compares conidium production, infectivity and resistance to thermal and osmotic stress in two strains of Isaria fumosorosea (ARSEF 3302 and CNRCB1) grown either under a normal atmosphere (21% O2) or using enriched oxygen pulses (26% O2). RESULTS After 180 h, the ARSEF 3302 strain with 26% O2 pulses increased conidium production nearly fivefold compared with the normal atmosphere, while conidium production by the CNRCB1 strain decreased by 50% under O2 pulses, relative to the values measured with the normal atmosphere. The conidia obtained with 26% O2 pulses had a greater germination rate and resistance to thermal and osmotic stress, in addition to improved infectivity against Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera) larvae. These findings were associated with an increase in catalase activities for both strains. CONCLUSION An enriched oxygen atmosphere increases the quality of conidia of both strains of I. fumosorosea, with a variable effect on conidium production.
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Lopez-Perez M, Rodriguez-Gomez D, Loera O. Production of conidia ofBeauveria bassianain solid-state culture: current status and future perspectives. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2014; 35:334-41. [DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2013.857293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Garza-López PM, Konigsberg M, Gómez-Quiroz LE, Loera O. Physiological and antioxidant response by Beauveria bassiana Bals (Vuill.) to different oxygen concentrations. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 28:353-9. [PMID: 22806811 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-011-0827-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Accepted: 06/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The effect of three levels of oxygen (normal atmosphere (21% O(2)), low oxygen (16% O(2)) and enriched oxygen (26% O(2))) on the production and germination of conidia by Beauveria bassiana was evaluated using rice as a substrate. The maximum yield of conidia was achieved under hypoxia (16% O(2)) after 8 days of culture (1.51 × 10(9) conidia per gram of initial dry substrate), representing an increase of 32% compared to the normal atmosphere. However, germination was reduced by at least 27% due to atmospheric modifications. Comparison of antioxidant enzyme activity (superoxide dismutases and catalases) with the oxidation profiles of biomolecules (proteins and lipids) showed that a decrease in catalase activity in the final days of culture coincided with an increase in the amount of oxidized lipids, showing that oxidative stress was a consequence of pulses of different concentrations of O(2). This is the first study describing oxidative stress induction by atmospheric modification, with practical implications for conidia production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Misael Garza-López
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, 09340, México, DF, Mexico
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Montesinos-Matías R, Viniegra-González G, Alatorre-Rosas R, Loera O. Relationship between virulence and enzymatic profiles in the cuticle of Tenebrio molitor by 2-deoxy-d-glucose-resistant mutants of Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-011-0672-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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