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Garcia-Bustos V, Rosario Medina I, Cabañero Navalón MD, Ruiz Gaitán AC, Pemán J, Acosta-Hernández B. Candida spp. in Cetaceans: Neglected Emerging Challenges in Marine Ecosystems. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1128. [PMID: 38930510 PMCID: PMC11205550 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cetaceans, which are crucial in marine ecosystems, act as sentinels for ecosystem and human-environmental health. However, emerging fungal infections, particularly by Candida spp., pose a growing concern in these marine mammals. This review consolidates current knowledge on the prevalence, clinical manifestations, species distribution, and antifungal resistance of Candida infections in cetaceans. We detail the diverse pathogenic impacts of Candida, including respiratory, dermal, and systemic afflictions, underscoring diagnostic and treatment challenges amid rising antifungal resistance. Our analysis extends beyond health concerns in captive cetaceans, where confinement stress heightens vulnerability, to encompass substantial ecological risks in wild populations. The review emphasizes the One Health perspective, linking cetacean health with broader environmental and human public health issues. We particularly focus on the potential zoonotic transmission of emerging fungal pathogens such as Candida auris and the role of environmental changes in fostering antifungal resistance. The study underscores the need for concerted, interdisciplinary efforts in veterinary, medical, and environmental sciences to enhance understanding and management of Candida infections in cetaceans. We advocate for comprehensive monitoring and collaborative research initiatives to mitigate the rising challenge of these infections. Addressing Candida spp. in cetaceans is not just a conservation priority but a critical step in safeguarding overall marine health and, by extension, human health in the context of evolving infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Garcia-Bustos
- Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria (IUSA), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35001 Arucas, Spain;
- Severe Infection Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (M.D.C.N.); (A.C.R.G.); (J.P.)
| | - Inmaculada Rosario Medina
- Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria (IUSA), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35001 Arucas, Spain;
| | - Marta Dafne Cabañero Navalón
- Severe Infection Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (M.D.C.N.); (A.C.R.G.); (J.P.)
| | - Alba Cecilia Ruiz Gaitán
- Severe Infection Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (M.D.C.N.); (A.C.R.G.); (J.P.)
| | - Javier Pemán
- Severe Infection Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (M.D.C.N.); (A.C.R.G.); (J.P.)
| | - Begoña Acosta-Hernández
- Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria (IUSA), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35001 Arucas, Spain;
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Garcia-Bustos V, Acosta-Hernández B, Cabañero-Navalón MD, Pemán J, Ruiz-Gaitán AC, Rosario Medina I. The Ecology of Non- Candida Yeasts and Dimorphic Fungi in Cetaceans: From Pathogenicity to Environmental and Global Health Implications. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:111. [PMID: 38392783 PMCID: PMC10889755 DOI: 10.3390/jof10020111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Cetaceans, which are integral to marine ecosystems, face escalating anthropogenic threats, including climate change and pollution, positioning them as critical sentinel species for ocean and human health. This review explores the neglected realm of non-Candida yeasts in cetaceans, addressing the gaps in the understanding of their prevalence, pathogenicity, and environmental impacts. By examining identified species such as Cryptococcus spp., Paracoccidioides spp., and several dimorphic fungi, this review emphasizes global prevalence, epidemiology and ecology, pathogenicity, and potential zoonotic implications. It also discusses the fine line between yeast commensalism and pathogenicity by considering environmental influences such as pollution, climate shifts, and immune suppression. Environmental impact discussions delve into how rising ocean temperatures and pollution can modify yeast mycobiota, potentially affecting marine host health and broader ecosystem dynamics. The cetacean's unique physiology and ecological niches are considered, highlighting potential impacts on behaviors, reproductive success, and survival rates. Identifying crucial knowledge gaps, the review calls for intensified research efforts, employing advanced molecular techniques to unravel the cetacean mycobiome. Systematic studies on yeast diversity, antifungal susceptibility, and their influence on environmental and ecosystem health are proposed, and the balance between commensal and pathogenic species emphasizes the significance of the One Health approach. In conclusion, as marine mammals face unprecedented challenges, unveiling non-Candida yeasts in cetaceans emerges as a critical endeavor with far-reaching implications for the conservation of marine ecosystems and for both animal and human public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Garcia-Bustos
- Universitary Institute of Animal Health and Food Security (ULPGC-IUSA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35416 Arucas, Spain
- Severe Infection Research Group, Health Research Institute La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Begoña Acosta-Hernández
- Universitary Institute of Animal Health and Food Security (ULPGC-IUSA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35416 Arucas, Spain
| | | | - Javier Pemán
- Severe Infection Research Group, Health Research Institute La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Inmaculada Rosario Medina
- Universitary Institute of Animal Health and Food Security (ULPGC-IUSA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35416 Arucas, Spain
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Melo AM, Poester VR, Trápaga MR, Stevens DA, Canabarro PL, Adornes AC, da Silva AP, Estima SC, Frere E, Sabino R, Xavier MO. Aspergillosis in free-ranging Magellanic penguins. Med Mycol 2023; 61:7034336. [PMID: 36764673 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myad008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the mortality due to aspergillosis in free-ranging Magellanic penguins during their migration and the reproductive season. A total of 98 carcasses of penguins were collected along 370 km of coastline in Southern Brazil, between June 2017 and October 2019, and from reproductive colonies in Patagonian Argentina, in January 2019. All animals were necropsied, and only proven cases were computed. Aspergillosis was diagnosed in 2.5% of the penguins evaluated during their migration route. Our study, of the Southern coast of Brazil, is the first to demonstrate that aspergillosis is an important cause of mortality in free-ranging penguins. The implications of these findings in the One Health context are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aryse Martins Melo
- Microbiology and Parasitology Post-Graduate Program, Institute of Biology, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPEL), Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil.,Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Vanice Rodrigues Poester
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina (FAMED), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariana Rodrigues Trápaga
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina (FAMED), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - David A Stevens
- California Institute for Medical Research, San Jose, CA, USA.,Div. of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Sérgio Curi Estima
- Center for Environmental Education and Monitoring (NEMA), Rio Grande - RS, Brazil
| | - Esteban Frere
- Centro De Investigaciones Puerto Deseado -Unidad Academica Caleta Olivia - (UNPA) Universidad Nacional De La Patagonia Austral, Puerto Deseado, Argentina
| | - Raquel Sabino
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal.,Institute of Environmental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Melissa Orzechowski Xavier
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina (FAMED), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
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Zhang S, Guo Y, Zhao Q, Xue W, Li Y, Wu X, Huo S. Study on the bacteriostatic action of Chinese herbal medicine on avian Trichosporon. Poult Sci 2020; 99:4530-4538. [PMID: 32867997 PMCID: PMC7598122 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a strain of Trichosporon was isolated from white pseudomembranes and ulcers formed on mucous membranes of pigeon bursas and was identified through gene sequencing. Bacteriostatic actions of Acorus gramineus, Sophora flavescens, Polygonum hydropiper, and Chinese herbal mixture on this species were explored in vitro, and the minimum inhibitory concentration of herbal medicines against Trichosporon was determined through microdilution method. Therapeutic effects of herbal medicines on chickens infected by Trichosporon were studied, whose results showed that minimum inhibitory concentration of A. gramineus was 32 μg/μL, that of S. flavescens was 2 μg/μL, that of P. hydropiper was 120 μg/μL, and that of Chinese herbal mixture was 36 μg/μL. Antibacterial effects of S. flavescens were the best. In accordance with animal experiments, therapeutic effects of Chinese herbal medicines on infected chickens were better than those of fluconazole. The mortality rate of the Chinese herbal medicine treatment group was 33.33%, that of the fluconazole treatment group was 46.67%, and that of the Chinese medicine protection group was 23.33%. The longer the time of Chinese medicine treatments was, the better the treatment effects would be. Glutamic oxaloacetylase values of the serum and liver in the Chinese herbal medicine treatment group were both significantly lower than those of the nontreatment group. From the results, it can be seen that A. gramineus, S. flavescens, P. hydropiper, and Chinese herbal mixture have certain inhibitory effects on Trichosporon spp. Chinese herbal medicine protections in advance could reduce Trichosporon infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhang
- The College of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Yu Guo
- The College of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Qianhui Zhao
- The College of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Wenhui Xue
- The College of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Yurong Li
- The College of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Xianjun Wu
- The College of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Shuying Huo
- The College of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, China.
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Parengyodontium album Isolated from Cutaneous Lesions of a Pacific White-Sided Dolphin (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens) During Treatment for Paracoccidioidomycosis Ceti. Mycopathologia 2020; 185:1021-1031. [PMID: 32816250 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-020-00484-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The prominence of seafood in Japan motivates close monitoring of its seas and marine lives for potentially pathogenic fungi. During the treatments of the male Pacific white-sided dolphin (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens) for paracoccidioidomycosis ceti (PCM-C), 5 white and floccose colonies showing identical genotype and morphological characteristics were isolated from two skin biopsy samples of cutaneous granulomatous lesions in 2018. The isolates were identified as Parengyodontium album known as one of fungal species having abilities to produce industrially important proteases, and to become a causative agent for emerging mycosis based on morphological and molecular biological characteristics. These lesions consisted of non-malignant pearl-like structures of hyperplastic keratinocytes. Interestingly, although the isolates could grow at 35 °C, their DNA sequences were phylogenetically located in a cluster consisting of environmental and clinical isolates lacking the ability to grow at 35 °C, based on previous reports. The opportunistic infection we observed in the dolphin might be caused by immune disorder due to PCM-C. Notably, although P. album is recognized as non-harmful, and has significant industrial importance and antitumor activity, it has potential to cause not only superficial but also systemic infection, and presents difficulties in treatment because of its high resistance to antifungal compounds.
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Ma X, Jiang Y, Wang C, Gu Y, Cao S, Huang X, Wen Y, Zhao Q, Wu R, Wen X, Yan Q, Han X, Zuo Z, Deng J, Ren Z, Yu S, Shen L, Zhong Z, Peng G, Liu H, Zhou Z. Identification, genotyping, and pathogenicity of Trichosporon spp. Isolated from Giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:113. [PMID: 31138125 PMCID: PMC6540556 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1486-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Trichosporon is the dominant genus of epidermal fungi in giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) and causes local and deep infections. To provide the information needed for the diagnosis and treatment of trichosporosis in giant pandas, the sequence of ITS, D1/D2, and IGS1 loci in 29 isolates of Trichosporon spp. which were isolated from the body surface of giant pandas were combination to investigate interspecies identification and genotype. Morphological development was examined via slide culture. Additionally, mice were infected by skin inunction, intraperitoneal injection, and subcutaneous injection for evaluation of pathogenicity. Results The twenty-nine isolates of Trichosporon spp. were identified as 11 species, and Trichosporon jirovecii and T. asteroides were the commonest species. Four strains of T. laibachii and one strain of T. moniliiforme were found to be of novel genotypes, and T. jirovecii was identified to be genotype 1. T. asteroides had the same genotype which involved in disseminated trichosporosis. The morphological development processes of the Trichosporon spp. were clearly different, especially in the processes of single-spore development. Pathogenicity studies showed that 7 species damaged the liver and skin in mice, and their pathogenicity was stronger than other 4 species. T. asteroides had the strongest pathogenicity and might provoke invasive infection. The pathological characteristics of liver and skin infections caused by different Trichosporon spp. were similar. Conclusions Multiple species of Trichosporon were identified on the skin surface of giant panda, which varied in morphological development and pathogenicity. Combination of ITS, D1/D2, and IGS1 loci analysis, and morphological development process can effectively identify the genotype of Trichosporon spp. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12866-019-1486-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yaozhang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Chengdong Wang
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Ya'an, 625000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yu Gu
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Sanjie Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yiping Wen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Rui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xintian Wen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Qigui Yan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xinfeng Han
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhicai Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Junliang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhihua Ren
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Shumin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Liuhong Shen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhijun Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Guangneng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Haifeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ziyao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
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Immunohistochemical Cross-Reactivity Between Paracoccidioides sp. from Dolphins and Histoplasma capsulatum. Mycopathologia 2018; 183:793-803. [DOI: 10.1007/s11046-018-0295-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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MINAKAWA T, UEDA K, SANO A, KAMISAKO H, IWANAGA M, KOMINE T, WADA S. A Suspected Case of Paracoccidioidomycosis Ceti in a Male Aquarium-maintained Pacific White-sided Dolphin( Lagenorhynchus obliquidens)in Japan. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.5686/jjzwm.23.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko MINAKAWA
- Laboratory of Aquatic Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University
| | | | - Ayako SANO
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus
| | | | - Mikuya IWANAGA
- Laboratory of Aquatic Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University
| | - Takeshi KOMINE
- Laboratory of Aquatic Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University
| | - Shinpei WADA
- Laboratory of Aquatic Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University
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