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Sugita Y, Furuta T, Takahashi K, Higaki K, Murakami Y, Kuwano M, Ono M, Abe H, Akiba J, Morioka M. Elevated expression of N-myc downstream regulated gene 1 protein in glioblastomas reflects tumor angiogenesis and poor patient prognosis. Neuropathology 2024. [PMID: 39105501 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
N-myc downstream regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) is a member of the NDRG family, of which four members (NDRG1, NDRG2, NDRG3, and NDRG4) have been identified. NDRG1 is repressed by c-MYC and N-MYC proto-oncogenes. NDRG1 is translated into a 43 kDa protein that is associated with the regulation of cellular stress responses, proliferation, and differentiation. In this study, we aimed to clarify the relationship between progression of glioblastoma (GB) IDH-wildtype and NDRG1 expression in tumor cells. We assessed the expression of NDRG1 in 41 GBs using immunostaining and evaluated its prognostic significance. NDRG1 expression by GBs was evaluated using Histoscore, which showed high and low scores in 23 and 18 cases, respectively. NDRG1-positive cells were strongly expressed in Ki-67 labeled proliferating tumor cells and CD105 positive proliferating microvessels around the area of palisading necrosis. Statistical analyses showed lower survival rates in the high-score group than the low-score group (P < 0.01). This study indicated that overexpression of NDRG1 by GB reflects tumor angiogenesis and poor patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Sugita
- Department of Neuropathology, Neurology Center, St. Mary's Hospital, Kurume, Japan
| | - Takuya Furuta
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Kenji Takahashi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurology Center, St. Mary's Hospital, Kurume, Japan
| | - Koichi Higaki
- Department of Pathology, St. Mary's Hospital, Kurume, Japan
| | - Yuichi Murakami
- Basic Medical Research Unit, St. Mary's Research Center, Kurume, Japan
| | - Michihiko Kuwano
- Basic Medical Research Unit, St. Mary's Research Center, Kurume, Japan
| | - Mayumi Ono
- Basic Medical Research Unit, St. Mary's Research Center, Kurume, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Abe
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Jun Akiba
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Motohiro Morioka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
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2
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Reisbeck L, Linder B, Tascher G, Bozkurt S, Weber KJ, Herold-Mende C, van Wijk SJL, Marschalek R, Schaefer L, Münch C, Kögel D. The iron chelator and OXPHOS inhibitor VLX600 induces mitophagy and an autophagy-dependent type of cell death in glioblastoma cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C1451-C1469. [PMID: 37899749 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00293.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Induction of alternative, non-apoptotic cell death programs such as cell-lethal autophagy and mitophagy represent possible strategies to combat glioblastoma (GBM). Here we report that VLX600, a novel iron chelator and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) inhibitor, induces a caspase-independent type of cell death that is partially rescued in adherent U251 ATG5/7 (autophagy related 5/7) knockout (KO) GBM cells and NCH644 ATG5/7 knockdown (KD) glioma stem-like cells (GSCs), suggesting that VLX600 induces an autophagy-dependent cell death (ADCD) in GBM. This ADCD is accompanied by decreased oxygen consumption, increased expression/mitochondrial localization of BNIP3 (BCL2 interacting protein 3) and BNIP3L (BCL2 interacting protein 3 like), the induction of mitophagy as demonstrated by diminished levels of mitochondrial marker proteins [e.g., COX4I1 (cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4I1)] and the mitoKeima assay as well as increased histone H3 and H4 lysine tri-methylation. Furthermore, the extracellular addition of iron is able to significantly rescue VLX600-induced cell death and mitophagy, pointing out an important role of iron metabolism for GBM cell homeostasis. Interestingly, VLX600 is also able to completely eliminate NCH644 GSC tumors in an organotypic brain slice transplantation model. Our data support the therapeutic concept of ADCD induction in GBM and suggest that VLX600 may be an interesting novel drug candidate for the treatment of this tumor.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Induction of cell-lethal autophagy represents a possible strategy to combat glioblastoma (GBM). Here, we demonstrate that the novel iron chelator and OXPHOS inhibitor VLX600 exerts pronounced tumor cell-killing effects in adherently cultured GBM cells and glioblastoma stem-like cell (GSC) spheroid cultures that depend on the iron-chelating function of VLX600 and on autophagy activation, underscoring the context-dependent role of autophagy in therapy responses. VLX600 represents an interesting novel drug candidate for the treatment of this tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Reisbeck
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Benedikt Linder
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Georg Tascher
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Süleyman Bozkurt
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Katharina J Weber
- Neurological Institute (Edinger Institute), Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- University Cancer Center Frankfurt (UCT), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site Frankfurt/Main, a partnership between DKFZ and University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christel Herold-Mende
- Division of Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sjoerd J L van Wijk
- Institute for Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site Frankfurt/Main, a partnership between DKFZ and University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Rolf Marschalek
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Diagnostic Center of Acute Leukemia, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Liliana Schaefer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christian Münch
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Donat Kögel
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site Frankfurt/Main, a partnership between DKFZ and University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
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3
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A Tumor Suppressor Gene, N-myc Downstream-Regulated Gene 1 (NDRG1), in Gliomas and Glioblastomas. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12040473. [PMID: 35448004 PMCID: PMC9029626 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12040473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of potent and selective therapeutic approaches to glioblastoma (GBM) requires the identification of molecular pathways that critically regulate the survival and proliferation of GBM. Glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs) possess stem-cell-like properties, self-renewal, and differentiation into multiple neural cell lineages. From a clinical point of view, GSCs have been reported to resist radiation and chemotherapy. GSCs are influenced by the microenvironment, especially the hypoxic condition. N-myc downstream-regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) is a tumor suppressor with the potential to suppress the proliferation, invasion, and migration of cancer cells. Previous studies have reported that deregulated expression of NDRG1 affects tumor growth and clinical outcomes of patients with GBM. This literature review aimed to clarify the critical role of NDRG1 in tumorigenesis and acquirement of resistance for anti-GBM therapies, further to discussing the possibility and efficacy of NDRG1 as a novel target of treatment for GBM. The present review was conducted by searching the PubMed and Scopus databases. The search was conducted in February 2022. We review current knowledge on the regulation and signaling of NDRG1 in neuro-oncology. Finally, the role of NDRG1 in GBM and potential clinical applications are discussed.
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4
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Marechal D, Dansu DK, Castro K, Patzig J, Magri L, Inbar B, Gacias M, Moyon S, Casaccia P. N-myc downstream regulated family member 1 (NDRG1) is enriched in myelinating oligodendrocytes and impacts myelin degradation in response to demyelination. Glia 2022; 70:321-336. [PMID: 34687571 PMCID: PMC8753715 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The N-myc downstream regulated gene family member 1 (NDRG1) is a gene whose mutation results in peripheral neuropathy with central manifestations. While most of previous studies characterized NDRG1 role in Schwann cells, the detection of central nervous system symptoms and the identification of NDRG1 as a gene silenced in the white matter of multiple sclerosis brains raise the question regarding its role in oligodendrocytes. Here, we show that NDRG1 is enriched in oligodendrocytes and myelin preparations, and we characterize its expression using a novel reporter mouse (TgNdrg1-EGFP). We report NDRG1 expression during developmental myelination and during remyelination after cuprizone-induced demyelination of the adult corpus callosum. The transcriptome of Ndrg1-EGFP+ cells further supports the identification of late myelinating oligodendrocytes, characterized by expression of genes regulating lipid metabolism and bioenergetics. We also generate a lineage specific conditional knockout (Olig1cre/+ ;Ndrg1fl/fl ) line to study its function. Null mice develop normally, and despite similar numbers of progenitor cells as wild type, they have fewer mature oligodendrocytes and lower levels of myelin proteins than controls, thereby suggesting NDRG1 as important for the maintenance of late myelinating oligodendrocytes. In addition, when control and Ndrg1 null mice are subject to cuprizone-induced demyelination, we observe a higher degree of demyelination in the mutants. Together these data identify NDRG1 as an important molecule for adult myelinating oligodendrocytes, whose decreased levels in the normal appearing white matter of human MS brains may result in greater susceptibility of myelin to damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Marechal
- Neuroscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, CUNY, 85 St Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - David K. Dansu
- Neuroscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, CUNY, 85 St Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031, USA,Graduate Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Kamilah Castro
- Neuroscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, CUNY, 85 St Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031, USA,Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Julia Patzig
- Neuroscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, CUNY, 85 St Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Laura Magri
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Benjamin Inbar
- Neuroscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, CUNY, 85 St Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Mar Gacias
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Sarah Moyon
- Neuroscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, CUNY, 85 St Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Patrizia Casaccia
- Neuroscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, CUNY, 85 St Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031, USA,Graduate Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA,Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA,Graduate Program in Biology, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA,Corresponding author:
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5
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Damen PJJ, Bulthuis VJ, Hanssens PEJ, Lie ST, Fleischeuer R, Melotte V, Wouters KA, Ruland A, Beckervordersandforth J, Speel EJM. WHO grade I meningiomas that show regrowth after gamma knife radiosurgery often show 1p36 loss. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16432. [PMID: 34385566 PMCID: PMC8361078 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95956-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
WHO grade I meningiomas occasionally show regrowth after radiosurgical treatment, which cannot be predicted by clinical features. There is increasing evidence that certain biomarkers are associated with regrowth of meningiomas. The aim of this retrospective study was to asses if these biomarkers could be of value to predict regrowth of WHO grade I meningiomas after additive radiosurgery. Forty-four patients with WHO grade I meningiomas who underwent additive radiosurgical treatment between 2002 and 2015 after Simpson IV resection were included in this study, of which 8 showed regrowth. Median follow-up time was 64 months (range 24–137 months). Tumors were analyzed for the proliferation marker Ki-67 by immunohistochemistry and for deletion of 1p36 by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Furthermore, genomic DNA was analyzed for promoter hypermethylation of the genes NDRG1–4, SFRP1, HOXA9 and MGMT. Comparison of meningiomas with and without regrowth after radiosurgery revealed that loss of 1p36 (p = 0.001) and hypermethylation of NDRG1 (p = 0.046) were correlated with regrowth free survival. Loss of 1p36 was the only parameter that was significantly associated with meningioma regrowth after multivariate analysis (p = 0.01). Assessment of 1p36 loss in tumor tissue prior to radiosurgery might be considered an indicator of prognosis/regrowth. However, this finding has to be validated in an independent larger set of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pim J J Damen
- Department of Pathology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P. Debyelaan 25, Postbox 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent J Bulthuis
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Suan Te Lie
- Gamma Knife Center Tilburg, ETZ-Elisabeth Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Ruth Fleischeuer
- Department of Pathology, ETZ-Elisabeth Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Veerle Melotte
- Department of Pathology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P. Debyelaan 25, Postbox 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kim A Wouters
- Department of Pathology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P. Debyelaan 25, Postbox 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Ruland
- Department of Pathology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P. Debyelaan 25, Postbox 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Beckervordersandforth
- Department of Pathology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P. Debyelaan 25, Postbox 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ernst Jan M Speel
- Department of Pathology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P. Debyelaan 25, Postbox 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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6
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Tang T, Wang H, Han Y, Huang H, Niu W, Fei M, Zhu Y. The Role of N-myc Downstream-Regulated Gene Family in Glioma Based on Bioinformatics Analysis. DNA Cell Biol 2021; 40:949-968. [PMID: 34115542 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2020.6216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most common type of primary tumor in the central nervous system, and the molecular mechanisms remain elusive. N-myc downstream-regulated gene (NDRG) family is reported to take part in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including some preliminary exploration in glioma. However, there has been no bioinformatics analysis of NDRG family in glioma yet. Herein, we focused on the expression changes of NDRGs with their value in predicting patients' prognoses, upstream regulatory mechanisms (DNA mutation, DNA methylation, transcription factors, and microRNA regulation) and gene enrichment analysis based on co-expressed genes with data from public databases. Furthermore, the expression pattern of NDRGs was verified by the paired glioma and peritumoral samples in our institute. It was suggested that NDRGs were differentially expressed genes in glioma. In particular, the lower expression of NDRG2 or NDRG4 could serve as a predictor of higher grade tumor and poorer prognosis. Also, NDRGs might play a crucial role in signal transduction, energy metabolism, and cross-talk among cells in glioma, under the control of a complex regulatory network. This study enables us to better understand the role of NDRGs in glioma and with further research, it may contribute to the development of glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Handong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yanling Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Hanyu Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Wenhao Niu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Maoxing Fei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yihao Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, P.R. China
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7
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Ito H, Watari K, Shibata T, Miyamoto T, Murakami Y, Nakahara Y, Izumi H, Wakimoto H, Kuwano M, Abe T, Ono M. Bidirectional Regulation between NDRG1 and GSK3β Controls Tumor Growth and Is Targeted by Differentiation Inducing Factor-1 in Glioblastoma. Cancer Res 2019; 80:234-248. [PMID: 31723002 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-0438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The development of potent and selective therapeutic approaches to glioblastoma (GBM), one of the most aggressive primary brain tumors, requires identification of molecular pathways that critically regulate the survival and proliferation of GBM. Previous studies have reported that deregulated expression of N-myc downstream regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) affects tumor growth and clinical outcomes of patients with various types of cancer including glioma. Here, we show that high level expression of NDRG1 in tumors significantly correlated with better prognosis of patients with GBM. Loss of NDRG1 in GBM cells upregulated GSK3β levels and promoted cell proliferation, which was reversed by selective inhibitors of GSK3β. In contrast, NDRG1 overexpression suppressed growth of GBM cells by decreasing GSK3β levels via proteasomal degradation and by suppressing AKT and S6 cell growth signaling, as well as cell-cycle signaling pathways. Conversely, GSK3β phosphorylated serine and threonine sites in the C-terminal domain of NDRG1 and limited the protein stability of NDRG1. Furthermore, treatment with differentiation inducing factor-1, a small molecule derived from Dictyostelium discoideum, enhanced NDRG1 expression, decreased GSK3β expression, and exerted marked NDRG1-dependent antitumor effects in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, this study revealed a novel molecular mechanism by which NDRG1 inhibits GBM proliferation and progression. Our study thus identifies the NDRG1/GSK3β signaling pathway as a key growth regulatory program in GBM, and suggests enhancing NDRG1 expression in GBM as a potent strategy toward the development of anti-GBM therapeutics. SIGNIFICANCE: This study identifies NDRG1 as a potent and endogenous suppressor of glioblastoma cell growth, suggesting the clinical benefits of NDRG1-targeted therapeutics against glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ito
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan.,Department of Pharmaceutical Oncology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kosuke Watari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Oncology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Shibata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Oncology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Miyamoto
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuichi Murakami
- Department of Pharmaceutical Oncology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Cancer Translational Research Center, St. Mary's Institute of Health Sciences, St, Mary's Hospital, Kurume, Japan
| | - Yukiko Nakahara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Hiroto Izumi
- Department of Occupational Pneumology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Wakimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michihiko Kuwano
- Cancer Translational Research Center, St. Mary's Institute of Health Sciences, St, Mary's Hospital, Kurume, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Abe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Mayumi Ono
- Department of Pharmaceutical Oncology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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8
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Schonkeren SL, Massen M, van der Horst R, Koch A, Vaes N, Melotte V. Nervous NDRGs: the N-myc downstream-regulated gene family in the central and peripheral nervous system. Neurogenetics 2019; 20:173-186. [PMID: 31485792 PMCID: PMC6754360 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-019-00587-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The N-Myc downstream-regulated gene (NDRG) family consists of four members (NDRG1, NDRG2, NDRG3, NDRG4) that are differentially expressed in various organs and function in important processes, like cell proliferation and differentiation. In the last couple of decades, interest in this family has risen due to its connection with several disorders of the nervous system including Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and dementia, as well as nervous system cancers. By combining a literature review with in silico data analysis of publicly available datasets, such as the Mouse Brain Atlas, BrainSpan, the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project, and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets, this review summarizes the expression and functions of the NDRG family in the healthy and diseased nervous system. We here show that the NDRGs have a differential, relatively cell type-specific, expression pattern in the nervous system. Even though NDRGs share functionalities, like a role in vesicle trafficking, stress response, and neurite outgrowth, other functionalities seem to be unique to a specific member, e.g., the role of NDRG1 in myelination. Furthermore, mutations, phosphorylation, or changes in expression of NDRGs are related to nervous system diseases, including peripheral neuropathy and different forms of dementia. Moreover, NDRG1, NDRG2, and NDRG4 are all involved in cancers of the nervous system, such as glioma, neuroblastoma, or meningioma. All in all, our review elucidates that although the NDRGs belong to the same gene family and share some functional features, they should be considered unique in their expression patterns and functional importance for nervous system development and neuronal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone L Schonkeren
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Maartje Massen
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Raisa van der Horst
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Koch
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Nathalie Vaes
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Veerle Melotte
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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9
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Godbole M, Togar T, Patel K, Dharavath B, Yadav N, Janjuha S, Gardi N, Tiwary K, Terwadkar P, Desai S, Prasad R, Dhamne H, Karve K, Salunkhe S, Kawle D, Chandrani P, Dutt S, Gupta S, Badwe RA, Dutt A. Up-regulation of the kinase gene SGK1 by progesterone activates the AP-1-NDRG1 axis in both PR-positive and -negative breast cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:19263-19276. [PMID: 30337371 PMCID: PMC6298595 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.002894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Preoperative progesterone intervention has been shown to confer a survival benefit to breast cancer patients independently of their progesterone receptor (PR) status. This observation raises the question how progesterone affects the outcome of PR-negative cancer. Here, using microarray and RNA-Seq-based gene expression profiling and ChIP-Seq analyses of breast cancer cells, we observed that the serum- and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase gene (SGK1) and the tumor metastasis-suppressor gene N-Myc downstream regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) are up-regulated and that the microRNAs miR-29a and miR-101-1 targeting the 3'-UTR of SGK1 are down-regulated in response to progesterone. We further demonstrate a dual-phase transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of SGK1 in response to progesterone, leading to an up-regulation of NDRG1 that is mediated by a set of genes regulated by the transcription factor AP-1. We found that NDRG1, in turn, inactivates a set of kinases, impeding the invasion and migration of breast cancer cells. In summary, we propose a model for the mode of action of progesterone in breast cancer. This model helps decipher the molecular basis of observations in a randomized clinical trial of the effect of progesterone on breast cancer and has therefore the potential to improve the prognosis of breast cancer patients receiving preoperative progesterone treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukul Godbole
- From the Integrated Cancer Genomics Laboratory and
- the Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400094, India
| | - Trupti Togar
- From the Integrated Cancer Genomics Laboratory and
- the Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400094, India
| | | | - Bhasker Dharavath
- From the Integrated Cancer Genomics Laboratory and
- the Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400094, India
| | - Neelima Yadav
- From the Integrated Cancer Genomics Laboratory and
- the Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400094, India
| | | | - Nilesh Gardi
- From the Integrated Cancer Genomics Laboratory and
- the Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400094, India
| | | | | | - Sanket Desai
- From the Integrated Cancer Genomics Laboratory and
- the Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400094, India
| | | | | | - Kunal Karve
- From the Integrated Cancer Genomics Laboratory and
| | - Sameer Salunkhe
- the Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400094, India
- the Shilpee Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer
| | | | | | - Shilpee Dutt
- the Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400094, India
- the Shilpee Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer
| | | | - Rajendra A Badwe
- the Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra 410210, India and
| | - Amit Dutt
- From the Integrated Cancer Genomics Laboratory and
- the Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400094, India
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10
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The proneural gene ASCL1 governs the transcriptional subgroup affiliation in glioblastoma stem cells by directly repressing the mesenchymal gene NDRG1. Cell Death Differ 2018; 26:1813-1831. [PMID: 30538287 PMCID: PMC6748080 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0248-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Achaete-scute homolog 1 gene (ASCL1) is a gene classifier for the proneural (PN) transcriptional subgroup of glioblastoma (GBM) that has a relevant role in the neuronal-like differentiation of GBM cancer stem cells (CSCs) through the activation of a PN gene signature. Besides prototypical ASCL1 PN target genes, the molecular effectors mediating ASCL1 function in regulating GBM differentiation and, most relevantly, subgroup specification are currently unknown. Here we report that ASCL1 not only promotes the acquisition of a PN phenotype in CSCs by inducing a glial-to-neuronal lineage switch but also concomitantly represses mesenchymal (MES) features by directly downregulating the expression of N-Myc downstream-regulated gene 1 (NDRG1), which we propose as a novel gene classifier of MES GBMs. Increasing the expression of ASCL1 in PN CSCs results in suppression of self-renewal, promotion of differentiation and, most significantly, decrease in tumorigenesis, which is also reproduced by NDRG1 silencing. Conversely, both abrogation of ASCL1 expression in PN CSCs and enforcement of NDRG1 expression in either PN or MES CSCs induce proneural-to-mesenchymal transition (PMT) and enhanced mesenchymal features. Surprisingly, ASCL1 overexpression in MES CSCs increases malignant features and gives rise to a neuroendocrine-like secretory phenotype. Altogether, our results propose that the fine interplay between ASCL1 and its target NDRG1 might serve as potential subgroup-specific targetable vulnerability in GBM; enhancing ASCL1 expression in PN GBMs might reduce tumorigenesis, whereas repressing NDRG1 expression might be actionable to hamper the malignancy of GBM belonging to the MES subgroup.
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11
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Viúdez A, Carvalho FLF, Maleki Z, Zahurak M, Laheru D, Stark A, Azad NS, Wolfgang CL, Baylin S, Herman JG, De Jesus-Acosta A. A new immunohistochemistry prognostic score (IPS) for recurrence and survival in resected pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNET). Oncotarget 2018; 7:24950-61. [PMID: 26894863 PMCID: PMC5041882 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (PanNET) is a neoplastic entity in which few prognostic factors are well-known. Here, we aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of N-myc downstream-regulated gen-1 (NDRG-1), O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) and Pleckstrin homology-like domain family A member 3 (PHLDA-3) by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and methylation analysis in 92 patients with resected PanNET and follow-up longer than 24 months. In multivariate analyses, ki-67 and our immunohistochemistry prognostic score (IPS-based on MGMT, NDRG-1 and PHLDA-3 IHC expression) were independent prognostic factors for disease-free-survival (DFS), while age and IPS were independent prognostic factors for overall survival (OS). Our IPS could be a useful prognostic biomarker for recurrence and survival in patients following resection for PanNET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Viúdez
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra-Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Navarra-IDISNA, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Filipe L F Carvalho
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Zahra Maleki
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Marianna Zahurak
- The Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel Laheru
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alejandro Stark
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nilofer S Azad
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Christopher L Wolfgang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephen Baylin
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - James G Herman
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ana De Jesus-Acosta
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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12
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Wang H, Li W, Xu J, Zhang T, Zuo D, Zhou Z, Lin B, Wang G, Wang Z, Sun W, Sun M, Chang S, Cai Z, Hua Y. NDRG1 inhibition sensitizes osteosarcoma cells to combretastatin A-4 through targeting autophagy. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e3048. [PMID: 28906492 PMCID: PMC5636982 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Combretastatin A-4 (CA-4), a tubulin-depolymerizing agent, shows promising antitumor efficacy and has been under several clinical trials in solid tumors for 10 years. Autophagy has an important pro-survival role in cancer therapy, thus targeting autophagy may improve the efficacy of antitumor agents. N-myc downstream-regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) is a significant stress regulatory gene, which mediates cell survival and chemoresistance. Here we reported that CA-4 could induce cell-protective autophagy, and combination treatment of CA-4 and autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ) exerted synergistic cytotoxic effect on human osteosarcoma (OS) cells. Meanwhile, CA-4 or CQ could increase the expression of NDRG1 independently. We further performed mechanistic study to explore how CA-4 and CQ regulate the expression of NDRG1. Using luciferase reporter assay, we found that CA-4 transcriptionally upregulated NDRG1 expression, whereas CQ triggered colocalization of NDRG1 and lysosome, which subsequently prevented lysosome-dependent degradation of NDRG1. Further, we showed that knockdown of NDRG1 caused the defect of lysosomal function, which accumulated LC3-positive autophagosomes by decreasing their fusion with lysosomes. Moreover, NDRG1 inhibition increased apoptosis in response to combination treatment with CA-4 and CQ. Taken together, our study revealed abrogation of NDRG1 expression sensitizes OS cells to CA-4 by suppression of autophagosome–lysosome fusion. These results provide clues for developing more effective cancer therapeutic strategies by the concomitant treatment with CA-4 and clinical available autophagy inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongsheng Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Oncology, Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongqing Zuo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zifei Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Binhui Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gangyang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuoying Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengxiong Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shimin Chang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengdong Cai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingqi Hua
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai, China
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13
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Said HM, Safari R, Al-Kafaji G, Ernestus RI, Löhr M, Katzer A, Flentje M, Hagemann C. Time- and oxygen-dependent expression and regulation of NDRG1 in human brain cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:3625-3634. [PMID: 28498432 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
N-myc downstream-regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) is a tumor suppressor with the potential to suppress metastasis, invasion and migration of cancer cells. It is regulated under stress conditions such as starvation or hypoxia. NDRG1 regulation is both induced and controlled by HIF-1α-dependent and -independent pathways under hypoxic conditions. However, there are profound differences in the way NDRG1 expression is regulated by HIF-1α and other transcription factors. Therefore, we aimed to define the time-dependent pattern of NDRG1 mRNA and protein expression in human glioblastoma cell lines in extreme hypoxia and after re-oxygenation as well as under normoxic conditions. Furthermore, we ascribe the regulation of NDRG1 to the transcription factors HIF-1α, SP1, CEBPα, YB-1 and Smad7 in a time-dependent manner. The human malignant glioma cell lines U87-MG, U373 and GaMG were cultured for 1, 6 and 24 h under hypoxic (0.1% O2) conditions and then they were re-oxygenated. The mRNA expression of NDRG1, HIF-1α SP1, CEBPα, YB-1 and Smad7 was measured using semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis. Their protein expression was analyzed using western blotting. Our experiments revealed that long-term (24 h), but not short-term hypoxia led to the induction of NDRG1 expression in human glioma cell lines. NDRG1 expression was found to correlate with the protein expression of HIF-1α, SP1, CEBPα, YB-1 and Smad7. The present study suggests for the first time that SP1 regulates NDRG1 expression in glioma cells under hypoxia in a time-dependent manner along with HIF-1α, CEBPα, YB-1 and Smad7. These molecules, each separately or in combination, may possess the potential to become target molecules for antitumor therapeutic approaches particularly in human brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harun Muayad Said
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Roghaiyeh Safari
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome (IBG) Center, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ghada Al-Kafaji
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | | | - Mario Löhr
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Astrid Katzer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Flentje
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Hagemann
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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14
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Le Rhun E, Taillibert S, Chamberlain MC. Current Management of Adult Diffuse Infiltrative Low Grade Gliomas. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2016; 16:15. [PMID: 26750130 DOI: 10.1007/s11910-015-0615-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse infiltrative low grade gliomas (LGG) account for approximately 15 % of all gliomas. The prognosis of LGG differs between high-risk and low-risk patients notwithstanding varying definitions of what constitutes a high-risk patient. Maximal safe resection optimally is the initial treatment. Surgery that achieves a large volume resection improves both progression-free and overall survival. Based on results of three randomized clinical trials (RCT), radiotherapy (RT) may be deferred in patients with low-risk LGG (defined as age <40 years and having undergone a complete resection), although combined chemoradiotherapy has never been prospectively evaluated in the low-risk population. The recent RTOG 9802 RCT established a new standard of care in high-risk patients (defined as age >40 years or incomplete resection) by demonstrating a nearly twofold improvement in overall survival with the addition of PCV (procarbazine, CCNU, vincristine) chemotherapy following RT as compared to RT alone. Chemotherapy alone as a treatment of LGG may result in less toxicity than RT; however, this has only been prospectively studied once (EORTC 22033) in high-risk patients. A challenge remains to define when an aggressive treatment improves survival without impacting quality of life (QoL) or neurocognitive function and when an effective treatment can be delayed in order to preserve QoL without impacting survival. Current WHO histopathological classification is poorly predictive of outcome in patients with LGG. The integration of molecular biomarkers with histology will lead to an improved classification that more accurately reflects underlying tumor biology, prognosis, and hopefully best therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Le Rhun
- Neuro-oncology, Department of Neurosurgery, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France.
- Breast unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Oscar Lambret Center, Lille, France.
- PRISM Inserm U1191, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
| | - Sophie Taillibert
- Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpétrière Hospital, UPMC-Paris VI University, Paris, France.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Pitié-Salpétrière Hospital, UPMC-Paris VI University, Paris, France.
| | - Marc C Chamberlain
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, University of Washington, 825 Eastlake Ave E, MS G4940, PO Box 19023, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
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15
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Redox cycling metals: Pedaling their roles in metabolism and their use in the development of novel therapeutics. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:727-48. [PMID: 26844773 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Essential metals, such as iron and copper, play a critical role in a plethora of cellular processes including cell growth and proliferation. However, concomitantly, excess of these metal ions in the body can have deleterious effects due to their ability to generate cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS). Thus, the human body has evolved a very well-orchestrated metabolic system that keeps tight control on the levels of these metal ions. Considering their very high proliferation rate, cancer cells require a high abundance of these metals compared to their normal counterparts. Interestingly, new anti-cancer agents that take advantage of the sensitivity of cancer cells to metal sequestration and their susceptibility to ROS have been developed. These ligands can avidly bind metal ions to form redox active metal complexes, which lead to generation of cytotoxic ROS. Furthermore, these agents also act as potent metastasis suppressors due to their ability to up-regulate the metastasis suppressor gene, N-myc downstream regulated gene 1. This review discusses the importance of iron and copper in the metabolism and progression of cancer, how they can be exploited to target tumors and the clinical translation of novel anti-cancer chemotherapeutics.
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16
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Broggini T, Wüstner M, Harms C, Stange L, Blaes J, Thomé C, Harms U, Mueller S, Weiler M, Wick W, Vajkoczy P, Czabanka M. NDRG1 overexpressing gliomas are characterized by reduced tumor vascularization and resistance to antiangiogenic treatment. Cancer Lett 2015; 380:568-576. [PMID: 26297987 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia-regulated molecules play an important role in vascular resistance to antiangiogenic treatment. N-myc downstream-regulated-gene 1 (NDRG1) is significantly upregulated during hypoxia in glioma. It was the aim of the present study to analyze the role of NDRG1 on glioma angiogenesis and on antiangiogenic treatment. Orthotopically implanted NDRG1 glioma showed reduced tumor growth and vessel density compared to controls. RT-PCR gene array analysis revealed a 30-fold TNFSF15 increase in NDRG1 tumors. Consequently, the supernatant from NDRG1 transfected U87MG glioma cells resulted in reduced HUVEC proliferation, migration and angiogenic response in tube formation assays in vitro. This effect was provoked by increased TNFSF15 promoter activity in NDRG1 cells. Mutations in NF-κB and AP-1 promoter response elements suppressed TNFSF15 promoter activity. Moreover, U87MG glioma NDRG1 knockdown supernatant contained multiple proangiogenic proteins and increased HUVEC spheroid sprouting. Sunitinib treatment of orhotopically implanted mice reduced tumor volume and vessel density in controls; in NDRG1 overexpressing cells no reduction of tumor volume or vessel density was observed. NDRG1 overexpression leads to reduced tumor growth and angiogenesis in experimental glioma via upregulation of TNFSF15. In NDRG1 overexpressing glioma antiangiogenic treatment does not yield a therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Broggini
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurochirurgische Klinik - Universitätsmedizin Charite, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marie Wüstner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurochirurgische Klinik - Universitätsmedizin Charite, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Harms
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Universitätsmedizin Charite, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lena Stange
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurochirurgische Klinik - Universitätsmedizin Charite, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonas Blaes
- Department of Neurooncology, Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), University of Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Germany
| | - Carina Thomé
- Department of Neurooncology, Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), University of Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Germany
| | - Ulrike Harms
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsmedizin Charite, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Mueller
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsmedizin Charite, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Weiler
- Department of Neurooncology, Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), University of Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wick
- Department of Neurooncology, Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), University of Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Germany
| | - Peter Vajkoczy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurochirurgische Klinik - Universitätsmedizin Charite, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus Czabanka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurochirurgische Klinik - Universitätsmedizin Charite, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
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17
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Du W, Pang C, Wang D, Zhang Q, Xue Y, Jiao H, Zhan L, Ma Q, Wei X. Decreased FOXD3 Expression Is Associated with Poor Prognosis in Patients with High-Grade Gliomas. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127976. [PMID: 26011451 PMCID: PMC4444112 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The transcription factor forkhead box D3 (FOXD3) plays important roles in the development of neural crest and has been shown to suppress the development of various cancers. However, the expression and its potential biological roles of FOXD3 in high-grade gliomas (HGGs) remain unknown. Methods The mRNA and protein expression levels of FOXD3 were examined using real-time quantitative PCR and western blotting in 23 HGG and 13 normal brain samples, respectively. Immunohistochemistry was used to validate the expression FOXD3 protein in 184 HGG cases. The association between FOXD3 expression and the prognosis of HGG patients were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox proportional hazards regression models. In addition, we further examined the effects of FOXD3 on the proliferation and serum starvation-induced apoptosis of glioma cells. Results In comparison to normal brain tissues, FOXD3 expression was significantly decreased in HGG tissues at both mRNA and protein levels. Immunohistochemistry further validated the expression of FOXD3 in HGG tissues. Moreover, low FOXD3 expression was significantly associated with poor prognosis in HGG patients. Depletion of FOXD3 expression promoted glioma cell proliferation and inhibited serum starvation-induced apoptosis, whereas overexpression of FOXD3 inhibited glioma cell proliferation and promoted serum starvation-induced apoptosis. Conclusions Our results indicated that FOXD3 might serve as an independent prognostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for HGGs, which warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Changhe Pang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Dongliang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Qingjun Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yake Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Hongliang Jiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Lei Zhan
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Qian Ma
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Xinting Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
- * E-mail:
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18
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Shan S, Hui G, Hou F, Shi H, Zhou G, Yan H, Wang L, Liu J. Expression of metastasis-associated protein 3 in human brain glioma related to tumor prognosis. Neurol Sci 2015; 36:1799-804. [PMID: 26002011 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-015-2252-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Glioma represents a disparate group of tumors characterized by high invasion ability, and therefore it is of clinical significance to identify molecular markers and therapeutic targets for better clinical management. Previously, metastasis-associated protein family (MTA) is considered to promote tumor cell invasion and metastasis of human malignancies. Recently, the newly identified MTA3 has been shown to play conflicting roles in human malignancies, while the expression pattern and potential clinical significance of MTA3 in human glioma have not been addressed yet. In the present study, we investigated the protein expression of MTA3 by immunohistochemistry assay and analyzed its association with glioma prognosis in 186 cases of patients. Results showed that MTA3 expression was decreased in glioma compared with that in normal brain (P < 0.05). In addition, tumors with high MTA3 expression were more likely to be of low WHO grade (P = 0.005) and reserve of body function (P = 0.014). Survival analysis showed that decreased MTA3 expression was independently associated with unfavorable overall survival of patients (P < 0.001). These results provide the first evidence that MTA3 expression was decreased in human glioma and negatively associated with prognosis of patients, suggesting that MTA3 may play a tumor suppressor role in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouqin Shan
- Qingdao First Sanatorium of Jinan Military Region, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guangyan Hui
- Qingdao First Sanatorium of Jinan Military Region, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanggao Hou
- Qingdao Second Sanatorium of Jinan Military Region, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Shi
- Qingdao First Sanatorium of Jinan Military Region, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqing Zhou
- Qingdao First Sanatorium of Jinan Military Region, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Yan
- Qingdao First Sanatorium of Jinan Military Region, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Wang
- Qingdao First Sanatorium of Jinan Military Region, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinfeng Liu
- Qingdao First Sanatorium of Jinan Military Region, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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19
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Furnari FB, Cloughesy TF, Cavenee WK, Mischel PS. Heterogeneity of epidermal growth factor receptor signalling networks in glioblastoma. Nat Rev Cancer 2015; 15:302-10. [PMID: 25855404 PMCID: PMC4875778 DOI: 10.1038/nrc3918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As tumours evolve, the daughter cells of the initiating cell often become molecularly heterogeneous and develop different functional properties and therapeutic vulnerabilities. In glioblastoma (GBM), a lethal form of brain cancer, the heterogeneous expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) poses a substantial challenge for the effective use of EGFR-targeted therapies. Understanding the mechanisms that cause EGFR heterogeneity in GBM should provide better insights into how they, and possibly other amplified receptor tyrosine kinases, affect cellular signalling, metabolism and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank B Furnari
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research and the Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Timothy F Cloughesy
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Webster K Cavenee
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research and the Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Paul S Mischel
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research and the Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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