1
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Qi L, Du Y, Huang Y, Kogiso M, Zhang H, Xiao S, Abdallah A, Suarez M, Niu L, Liu ZG, Lindsay H, Braun FK, Stephen C, Davies PJ, Teo WY, Adenkunle A, Baxter P, Su JM, Li XN. CD57 defines a novel cancer stem cell that drive invasion of diffuse pediatric-type high grade gliomas. Br J Cancer 2024; 131:258-270. [PMID: 38834745 PMCID: PMC11263392 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-024-02724-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diffuse invasion remains a primary cause of treatment failure in pediatric high-grade glioma (pHGG). Identifying cellular driver(s) of pHGG invasion is needed for anti-invasion therapies. METHODS Ten highly invasive patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) models of pHGG were subjected to isolation of matching pairs of invasive (HGGINV) and tumor core (HGGTC) cells. RESULTS pHGGINV cells were intrinsically more invasive than their matching pHGGTC cells. CSC profiling revealed co-positivity of CD133 and CD57 and identified CD57+CD133- cells as the most abundant CSCs in the invasive front. In addition to discovering a new order of self-renewal capacities, i.e., CD57+CD133- > CD57+CD133+ > CD57-CD133+ > CD57-CD133- cells, we showed that CSC hierarchy was impacted by their spatial locations, and the highest self-renewal capacities were found in CD57+CD133- cells in the HGGINV front (HGGINV/CD57+CD133- cells) mediated by NANOG and SHH over-expression. Direct implantation of CD57+ (CD57+/CD133- and CD57+/CD133+) cells into mouse brains reconstituted diffusely invasion, while depleting CD57+ cells (i.e., CD57-CD133+) abrogated pHGG invasion. CONCLUSION We revealed significantly increased invasive capacities in HGGINV cells, confirmed CD57 as a novel glioma stem cell marker, identified CD57+CD133- and CD57+CD133+ cells as a new cellular driver of pHGG invasion and suggested a new dual-mode hierarchy of HGG stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Qi
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systems Medicine in Inflammatory Diseases, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 510080, China
- Program of Precision Medicine PDOX Modeling of Pediatric Tumors, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yuchen Du
- Program of Precision Medicine PDOX Modeling of Pediatric Tumors, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yulun Huang
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital, and Dushu Lake Hospital, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou, 215007, China
| | - Mari Kogiso
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Huiyuan Zhang
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Sophie Xiao
- Program of Precision Medicine PDOX Modeling of Pediatric Tumors, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Aalaa Abdallah
- Program of Precision Medicine PDOX Modeling of Pediatric Tumors, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Milagros Suarez
- Program of Precision Medicine PDOX Modeling of Pediatric Tumors, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Long Niu
- Program of Precision Medicine PDOX Modeling of Pediatric Tumors, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Zhi-Gang Liu
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Cancer Center, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Holly Lindsay
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Frank K Braun
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Clifford Stephen
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Peter J Davies
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Wan Yee Teo
- The Laboratory of Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Office, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Center, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
| | - Adesina Adenkunle
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Patricia Baxter
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jack Mf Su
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xiao-Nan Li
- Program of Precision Medicine PDOX Modeling of Pediatric Tumors, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Robert H. Laurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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2
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Furst LM, Roussel EM, Leung RF, George AM, Best SA, Whittle JR, Firestein R, Faux MC, Eisenstat DD. The Landscape of Pediatric High-Grade Gliomas: The Virtues and Pitfalls of Pre-Clinical Models. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:424. [PMID: 38927304 PMCID: PMC11200883 DOI: 10.3390/biology13060424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Pediatric high-grade gliomas (pHGG) are malignant and usually fatal central nervous system (CNS) WHO Grade 4 tumors. The majority of pHGG consist of diffuse midline gliomas (DMG), H3.3 or H3.1 K27 altered, or diffuse hemispheric gliomas (DHG) (H3.3 G34-mutant). Due to diffuse tumor infiltration of eloquent brain areas, especially for DMG, surgery has often been limited and chemotherapy has not been effective, leaving fractionated radiation to the involved field as the current standard of care. pHGG has only been classified as molecularly distinct from adult HGG since 2012 through Next-Generation sequencing approaches, which have shown pHGG to be epigenetically regulated and specific tumor sub-types to be representative of dysregulated differentiating cells. To translate discovery research into novel therapies, improved pre-clinical models that more adequately represent the tumor biology of pHGG are required. This review will summarize the molecular characteristics of different pHGG sub-types, with a specific focus on histone K27M mutations and the dysregulated gene expression profiles arising from these mutations. Current and emerging pre-clinical models for pHGG will be discussed, including commonly used patient-derived cell lines and in vivo modeling techniques, encompassing patient-derived xenograft murine models and genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs). Lastly, emerging techniques to model CNS tumors within a human brain environment using brain organoids through co-culture will be explored. As models that more reliably represent pHGG continue to be developed, targetable biological and genetic vulnerabilities in the disease will be more rapidly identified, leading to better treatments and improved clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam M. Furst
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (L.M.F.); (E.M.R.); (R.F.L.); (M.C.F.)
- Stem Cell Medicine, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;
| | - Enola M. Roussel
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (L.M.F.); (E.M.R.); (R.F.L.); (M.C.F.)
- Stem Cell Medicine, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia;
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Ryan F. Leung
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (L.M.F.); (E.M.R.); (R.F.L.); (M.C.F.)
- Stem Cell Medicine, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;
| | - Ankita M. George
- Stem Cell Medicine, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;
| | - Sarah A. Best
- Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia;
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - James R. Whittle
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia;
- Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia;
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Ron Firestein
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia;
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Maree C. Faux
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (L.M.F.); (E.M.R.); (R.F.L.); (M.C.F.)
- Stem Cell Medicine, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - David D. Eisenstat
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (L.M.F.); (E.M.R.); (R.F.L.); (M.C.F.)
- Stem Cell Medicine, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
- Children’s Cancer Centre, The Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
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3
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Valvi S, Manoharan N, Mateos MK, Hassall TE, Ziegler DS, McCowage GB, Dun MD, Eisenstat DD, Gottardo NG, Hansford JR. Management of patients with diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma in Australia and New Zealand: Australian and New Zealand Children's Haematology/Oncology Group position statement. Med J Aust 2024; 220:533-538. [PMID: 38699949 DOI: 10.5694/mja2.52295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The main mission of the Australian and New Zealand Children's Haematology and Oncology Group (ANZCHOG) is to develop and facilitate local access to the world's leading evidence-based clinical trials for all paediatric cancers, including brain tumours, as soon as practically possible. Diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPGs) - a subset of a larger group of tumours now termed diffuse midline glioma, H3K27-altered (DMG) - are paediatric brain cancers with less than 10% survival at two years. In the absence of any proven curative therapies, significant recent advancements have been made in pre-clinical and clinical research, leading many to seek integration of novel therapies early into standard practice. Despite these innovative therapeutic approaches, DIPG remains an incurable disease for which novel surgical, imaging, diagnostic, radiation and systemic therapy approaches are needed. MAIN RECOMMENDATIONS All patients with DIPG should be discussed in multidisciplinary neuro-oncology meetings (including pathologists, neuroradiologists, radiation oncologists, neurosurgeons, medical oncologists) at diagnosis and at relapse or progression. Radiation therapy to the involved field remains the local and international standard of care treatment. Proton therapy does not yield a superior survival outcome compared with photon therapy and patients should undergo radiation therapy with the available modality (photon or proton) at their treatment centre. Patients may receive concurrent chemotherapy or radiation-sensitising agents as part of a clinical trial. Biopsy should be offered to facilitate consideration of experimental therapies and eligibility for clinical trial participation. After radiation therapy, each patient should be managed individually with either observation or considered for enrolment on a clinical trial, if eligible, after full discussion with the family. Re-irradiation can be considered for progressive disease. CHANGES IN MANAGEMENT AS A RESULT OF THE GUIDELINE Every child diagnosed with DIPG should be offered enrolment on a clinical trial where available. Access to investigational drugs without biological rationale outside the clinical trial setting is not supported. In case of potentially actionable target identification with molecular profiling and absence of a suitable clinical trial, rational targeted therapies can be considered through compassionate access programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Valvi
- Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, WA
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA
- University of Western Australia, Perth, WA
| | - Neevika Manoharan
- Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, Sydney, NSW
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW
| | - Marion K Mateos
- Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, Sydney, NSW
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW
| | - Timothy Eg Hassall
- Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD
- Frazer Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD
| | - David S Ziegler
- Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, Sydney, NSW
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW
| | | | - Matthew D Dun
- University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW
| | - David D Eisenstat
- Children's Cancer Centre, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC
| | | | - Jordan R Hansford
- Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, SA
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA
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Buck J, Hii H, Endersby R. Patient-Derived Orthotopic Xenograft Models for High-Grade Pediatric Brain Cancers. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2806:41-53. [PMID: 38676795 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3858-3_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) mouse models are considered the gold standard for evidence-based preclinical research in pediatric neuro-oncology. This protocol describes the generation of PDOX models by intracranial implantation of human pediatric brain cancer cells into immune-deficient mice, and their continued propagation to establish cohorts of animals for preclinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Buck
- Brain Tumor Research Program, Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
- Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Hilary Hii
- Brain Tumor Research Program, Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Raelene Endersby
- Brain Tumor Research Program, Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia.
- Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
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5
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Ehteda A, Khan A, Rajakumar G, Vanniasinghe AS, Gopalakrishnan A, Liu J, Tsoli M, Ziegler DS. Microtubule-Targeting Combined with HDAC Inhibition Is a Novel Therapeutic Strategy for Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Gliomas. Mol Cancer Ther 2023; 22:1413-1421. [PMID: 37683275 PMCID: PMC10690044 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-23-0179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPG) are an incurable childhood brain cancer for which novel treatments are needed. DIPGs are characterized by a mutation in the H3 histone (H3K27M), resulting in loss of H3K27 methylation and global gene dysregulation. TRX-E-009-1 is a novel anticancer agent with preclinical activity demonstrated against a range of cancers. We examined the antitumor activity of TRX-E-009-1 against DIPG neurosphere cultures and observed tumor-specific activity with IC50s ranging from 20 to 100 nmol/L, whereas no activity was observed against normal human astrocyte cells. TRX-E-009-1 exerted its anti-proliferative effect through the induction of apoptotic pathways, with marked increases in cleaved caspase 3 and cleaved PARP levels, while also restoring histone H3K27me3 methylation. Co-administration of TRX-E-009-1 and the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor SAHA extended survival in DIPG orthotopic animal models. This antitumor effect was further enhanced with irradiation. Our findings indicate that TRX-E-009-1, combined with HDAC inhibition, represents a novel, potent therapy for children with DIPG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anahid Ehteda
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Aaminah Khan
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Gayathiri Rajakumar
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Anne S. Vanniasinghe
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Anjana Gopalakrishnan
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Jie Liu
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Maria Tsoli
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - David S. Ziegler
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
- Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, High St, Randwick, Australia
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6
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Zhang L, Bordey A. Advances in glioma models using in vivo electroporation to highjack neurodevelopmental processes. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188951. [PMID: 37433417 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Glioma is the most prevalent type of neurological malignancies. Despite decades of efforts in neurosurgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy, glioma remains one of the most treatment-resistant brain tumors with unfavorable outcomes. Recent progresses in genomic and epigenetic profiling have revealed new concepts of genetic events involved in the etiology of gliomas in humans, meanwhile, revolutionary technologies in gene editing and delivery allows to code these genetic "events" in animals to genetically engineer glioma models. This approach models the initiation and progression of gliomas in a natural microenvironment with an intact immune system and facilitates probing therapeutic strategies. In this review, we focus on recent advances in in vivo electroporation-based glioma modeling and outline the established genetically engineered glioma models (GEGMs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Longbo Zhang
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Changde hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 818 Renmin Street, Wuling District, Changde, Hunan 415003, China; Departments of Neurosurgery, and National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China; Departments of Neurosurgery, and Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8082, USA.
| | - Angelique Bordey
- Departments of Neurosurgery, and Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8082, USA
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7
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Foss A, Pathania M. Pediatric Glioma Models Provide Insights into Tumor Development and Future Therapeutic Strategies. Dev Neurosci 2023; 46:22-43. [PMID: 37231843 DOI: 10.1159/000531040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In depth study of pediatric gliomas has been hampered due to difficulties in accessing patient tissue and a lack of clinically representative tumor models. Over the last decade, however, profiling of carefully curated cohorts of pediatric tumors has identified genetic drivers that molecularly segregate pediatric gliomas from adult gliomas. This information has inspired the development of a new set of powerful in vitro and in vivo tumor models that can aid in identifying pediatric-specific oncogenic mechanisms and tumor microenvironment interactions. Single-cell analyses of both human tumors and these newly developed models have revealed that pediatric gliomas arise from spatiotemporally discrete neural progenitor populations in which developmental programs have become dysregulated. Pediatric high-grade gliomas also harbor distinct sets of co-segregating genetic and epigenetic alterations, often accompanied by unique features within the tumor microenvironment. The development of these novel tools and data resources has led to insights into the biology and heterogeneity of these tumors, including identification of distinctive sets of driver mutations, developmentally restricted cells of origin, recognizable patterns of tumor progression, characteristic immune environments, and tumor hijacking of normal microenvironmental and neural programs. As concerted efforts have broadened our understanding of these tumors, new therapeutic vulnerabilities have been identified, and for the first time, promising new strategies are being evaluated in the preclinical and clinical settings. Even so, dedicated and sustained collaborative efforts are necessary to refine our knowledge and bring these new strategies into general clinical use. In this review, we will discuss the range of currently available glioma models, the way in which they have each contributed to recent developments in the field, their benefits and drawbacks for addressing specific research questions, and their future utility in advancing biological understanding and treatment of pediatric glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Foss
- Department of Oncology and the Milner Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- CRUK Children's Brain Tumour Centre of Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Manav Pathania
- Department of Oncology and the Milner Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- CRUK Children's Brain Tumour Centre of Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Towards Standardisation of a Diffuse Midline Glioma Patient-Derived Xenograft Mouse Model Based on Suspension Matrices for Preclinical Research. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020527. [PMID: 36831063 PMCID: PMC9952880 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffuse midline glioma (DMG) is an aggressive brain tumour with high mortality and limited clinical therapeutic options. Although in vitro research has shown the effectiveness of medication, successful translation to the clinic remains elusive. A literature search highlighted the high variability and lack of standardisation in protocols applied for establishing the commonly used HSJD-DIPG-007 patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model, based on animal host, injection location, number of cells inoculated, volume, and suspension matrices. This study evaluated the HSJD-DIPG-007 PDX model with respect to its ability to mimic human disease progression for therapeutic testing in vivo. The mice received intracranial injections of HSJD-DIPG-007 cells suspended in either PBS or Matrigel. Survival, tumour growth, and metastases were assessed to evaluate differences in the suspension matrix used. After cell implantation, no severe side effects were observed. Additionally, no differences were detected in terms of survival or tumour growth between the two suspension groups. We observed delayed metastases in the Matrigel group, with a significant difference compared to mice with PBS-suspended cells. In conclusion, using Matrigel as a suspension matrix is a reliable method for establishing a DMG PDX mouse model, with delayed metastases formation and is a step forward to obtaining a standardised in vivo PDX model.
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Voon HPJ, Wong LH. Chromatin mutations in pediatric high grade gliomas. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1104129. [PMID: 36686810 PMCID: PMC9853562 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1104129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pediatric high grade gliomas (HGG) are lethal tumors which are currently untreatable. A number of recent studies have provided much needed insights into the mutations and mechanisms which drive oncogenesis in pediatric HGGs. It is now clear that mutations in chromatin proteins, particularly H3.3 and its associated chaperone complex (ATRX), are a hallmark feature of pediatric HGGs. We review the current literature on the normal roles of the ATRX/H3.3 complex and how these functions are disrupted by oncogenic mutations. We discuss the current clinical trials and pre-clinical models that target chromatin and DNA, and how these agents fit into the ATRX/H3.3 mutation model. As chromatin mutations are a relatively new discovery in pediatric HGGs, developing clear mechanistic insights are a key step to improving therapies for these tumors.
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Jones C, Straathof K, Fouladi M, Hargrave D, Prados M, Resnick A, Doz F, Jones DT, Mueller S. Evaluating preclinical evidence for clinical translation in childhood brain tumours: Guidelines from the CONNECT, PNOC, and ITCC brain networks. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1167082. [PMID: 37091147 PMCID: PMC10114612 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1167082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical outcomes for many childhood brain tumours remain poor, despite our increasing understanding of the underlying disease biology. Advances in molecular diagnostics have refined our ability to classify tumour types and subtypes, and efforts are underway across multiple international paediatric neuro-oncology consortia to take novel biological insights in the worst prognosis entities into innovative clinical trials. Whilst for the first time we are designing such studies on the basis of disease-specific biological data, the levels of preclincial evidence in appropriate model systems on which these trials are initiated is still widely variable. We have considered these issues between CONNECT, PNOC and ITCC-Brain, and developed a framework in which we can assess novel concepts being brought forward for possible clinical translation. Whilst not intended to be proscriptive for every possible circumstance, these criteria provide a basis for self-assessment of evidence by laboratory scientists, and a platform for discussion and rational decision-making prior to moving forward clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Jones
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Chris Jones, ; Karin Straathof, ; Sabine Mueller,
| | - Karin Straathof
- Department of Oncology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Developmental Biology and Cancer, University College Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Chris Jones, ; Karin Straathof, ; Sabine Mueller,
| | - Maryam Fouladi
- Pediatric Brain Tumor Program, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Bone Marrow Transplant, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Darren Hargrave
- Developmental Biology and Cancer, University College Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
- Haematology and Oncology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Prados
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Adam Resnick
- Division of Neurosurgery, Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Childrens Hospital of Philadelpia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Francois Doz
- SIREDO Centre (Care, Innovation and Research in Pediatric, Adolescent and Young Adults Oncology), Institut Curie and Univesity Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - David T.W. Jones
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Glioma Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Mueller
- Department Neurology, Neurosurgery & Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Chris Jones, ; Karin Straathof, ; Sabine Mueller,
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11
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Mueller T, Laternser S, Guerreiro Stücklin AS, Gerber NU, Mourabit S, Rizo M, Rushing EJ, Kottke R, Grotzer M, Krayenbühl N, Nazarian J, Mueller S. Real-time drug testing of paediatric diffuse midline glioma to support clinical decision making: The Zurich DIPG/DMG centre experience. Eur J Cancer 2023; 178:171-179. [PMID: 36455411 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2022.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children diagnosed with diffuse midline gliomas (DMG) have an extremely poor overall survival: 9-12 months from diagnosis with currently no curative treatment options. Given DMG molecular heterogeneity, surgical biopsies are needed for molecular profiling and as part of enrolment into molecular-based and precision medicine type clinical interventions. In this study, we describe the results of real time profiling and drug testing at the diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma/DMG Research Centre at University Children's Hospital Zurich. METHOD Biopsies were taken using a frame based stereotactic robot system (NeuroMate®, Renishaw) at University Children's Hospital Zurich. Tissue samples were evaluated to confirm diagnosis by H3K27M and H3K27 trimethylation loss. Genomic analyses were done using a variety of platforms (INFORM, Oncomine, UCSF500 gene panel). Cell lines were developed by mechanical tissue dissociation and verified by either sequencing or immunofluorescence staining confirming H3K27M mutation and used afterwards for drug testing. RESULTS Twenty-five robot-assisted primary biopsies were successfully performed. Median hospital stay was 2 days (range 1-4 days). Nine low-passage patient-derived cells were developed, whereas 8 cell lines were used to inform response to clinically relevant drugs. Genome and RNA expression were used to further guide treatment strategies with targeted agents such as dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor paxalisib. CONCLUSION We established a systematic workflow for safe, robot-assisted brainstem biopsies and in-house tissue processing, followed by real-time drug testing. This provides valuable insights into tumour prognostic and individual treatment strategies targeting relevant vulnerabilities in these tumours in a clinically meaningful time frame.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Mueller
- Division of Oncology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Laternser
- Division of Oncology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ana S Guerreiro Stücklin
- Division of Oncology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas U Gerber
- Division of Oncology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sulayman Mourabit
- Division of Oncology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marion Rizo
- Division of Oncology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Raimund Kottke
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Grotzer
- Division of Oncology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Niklaus Krayenbühl
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Javad Nazarian
- Division of Oncology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Children's National Health System, Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
| | - Sabine Mueller
- Division of Oncology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
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12
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Long Y, Xie B, Shen HC, Wen D. Translation Potential and Challenges of In Vitro and Murine Models in Cancer Clinic. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233868. [PMID: 36497126 PMCID: PMC9741314 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of the leading causes of death from disease, cancer continues to pose a serious threat to human health globally. Despite the development of novel therapeutic regimens and drugs, the long-term survival of cancer patients is still very low, especially for those whose diagnosis is not caught early enough. Meanwhile, our understanding of tumorigenesis is still limited. Suitable research models are essential tools for exploring cancer mechanisms and treatments. Herein we review and compare several widely used in vitro and in vivo murine cancer models, including syngeneic tumor models, genetically engineered mouse models (GEMM), cell line-derived xenografts (CDX), patient-derived xenografts (PDX), conditionally reprogrammed (CR) cells, organoids, and MiniPDX. We will summarize the methodology and feasibility of various models in terms of their advantages and limitations in the application prospects for drug discovery and development and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Long
- Shanghai LIDE Biotech Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Bin Xie
- Shanghai LIDE Biotech Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hong C. Shen
- China Innovation Center of Roche, Roche R & D Center, Shanghai 201203, China
- Correspondence: (H.C.S.); (D.W.); Tel.: +86-21-68585628 (D.W.)
| | - Danyi Wen
- Shanghai LIDE Biotech Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China
- Correspondence: (H.C.S.); (D.W.); Tel.: +86-21-68585628 (D.W.)
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13
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Lau LMS, Mayoh C, Xie J, Barahona P, MacKenzie KL, Wong M, Kamili A, Tsoli M, Failes TW, Kumar A, Mould EVA, Gifford A, Chow S, Pinese M, Fletcher JI, Arndt GM, Khuong‐Quang D, Wadham C, Batey D, Eden G, Trebilcock P, Joshi S, Alfred S, Gopalakrishnan A, Khan A, Grebert Wade D, Strong PA, Manouvrier E, Morgan LT, Span M, Lim JY, Cadiz R, Ung C, Thomas DM, Tucker KM, Warby M, McCowage GB, Dalla‐Pozza L, Byrne JA, Saletta F, Fellowes A, Fox SB, Norris MD, Tyrrell V, Trahair TN, Lock RB, Cowley MJ, Ekert PG, Haber M, Ziegler DS, Marshall GM. In vitro and in vivo drug screens of tumor cells identify novel therapies for high-risk child cancer. EMBO Mol Med 2022; 14:e14608. [PMID: 34927798 PMCID: PMC8988207 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202114608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers which better match anticancer drugs with cancer driver genes hold the promise of improved clinical responses and cure rates. We developed a precision medicine platform of rapid high-throughput drug screening (HTS) and patient-derived xenografting (PDX) of primary tumor tissue, and evaluated its potential for treatment identification among 56 consecutively enrolled high-risk pediatric cancer patients, compared with conventional molecular genomics and transcriptomics. Drug hits were seen in the majority of HTS and PDX screens, which identified therapeutic options for 10 patients for whom no targetable molecular lesions could be found. Screens also provided orthogonal proof of drug efficacy suggested by molecular analyses and negative results for some molecular findings. We identified treatment options across the whole testing platform for 70% of patients. Only molecular therapeutic recommendations were provided to treating oncologists and led to a change in therapy in 53% of patients, of whom 29% had clinical benefit. These data indicate that in vitro and in vivo drug screening of tumor cells could increase therapeutic options and improve clinical outcomes for high-risk pediatric cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loretta M S Lau
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer CentreUNSW SydneyKensingtonNSWAustralia
- School of Women’s and Children’s HealthUNSW SydneyKensingtonNSWAustralia
- Kids Cancer CentreSydney Children’s HospitalRandwickNSWAustralia
| | - Chelsea Mayoh
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer CentreUNSW SydneyKensingtonNSWAustralia
- School of Women’s and Children’s HealthUNSW SydneyKensingtonNSWAustralia
| | - Jinhan Xie
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer CentreUNSW SydneyKensingtonNSWAustralia
| | - Paulette Barahona
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer CentreUNSW SydneyKensingtonNSWAustralia
| | - Karen L MacKenzie
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer CentreUNSW SydneyKensingtonNSWAustralia
| | - Marie Wong
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer CentreUNSW SydneyKensingtonNSWAustralia
- School of Women’s and Children’s HealthUNSW SydneyKensingtonNSWAustralia
| | - Alvin Kamili
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer CentreUNSW SydneyKensingtonNSWAustralia
- School of Women’s and Children’s HealthUNSW SydneyKensingtonNSWAustralia
| | - Maria Tsoli
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer CentreUNSW SydneyKensingtonNSWAustralia
| | - Tim W Failes
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer CentreUNSW SydneyKensingtonNSWAustralia
- ACRF Drug Discovery Centre for Childhood CancerChildren’s Cancer InstituteLowy Cancer Research CentreUNSW SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Amit Kumar
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer CentreUNSW SydneyKensingtonNSWAustralia
- Children’s Cancer CentreRoyal Children’s HospitalParkvilleVic.Australia
| | - Emily V A Mould
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer CentreUNSW SydneyKensingtonNSWAustralia
| | - Andrew Gifford
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer CentreUNSW SydneyKensingtonNSWAustralia
- School of Women’s and Children’s HealthUNSW SydneyKensingtonNSWAustralia
| | - Shu‐Oi Chow
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer CentreUNSW SydneyKensingtonNSWAustralia
- ACRF Drug Discovery Centre for Childhood CancerChildren’s Cancer InstituteLowy Cancer Research CentreUNSW SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Mark Pinese
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer CentreUNSW SydneyKensingtonNSWAustralia
- School of Women’s and Children’s HealthUNSW SydneyKensingtonNSWAustralia
| | - Jamie I Fletcher
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer CentreUNSW SydneyKensingtonNSWAustralia
- School of Women’s and Children’s HealthUNSW SydneyKensingtonNSWAustralia
| | - Greg M Arndt
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer CentreUNSW SydneyKensingtonNSWAustralia
- ACRF Drug Discovery Centre for Childhood CancerChildren’s Cancer InstituteLowy Cancer Research CentreUNSW SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Dong‐Anh Khuong‐Quang
- Children’s Cancer CentreRoyal Children’s HospitalParkvilleVic.Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research InstituteRoyal Children’s HospitalParkvilleVic.Australia
| | - Carol Wadham
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer CentreUNSW SydneyKensingtonNSWAustralia
| | - Daniel Batey
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer CentreUNSW SydneyKensingtonNSWAustralia
| | - Georgina Eden
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer CentreUNSW SydneyKensingtonNSWAustralia
| | - Peter Trebilcock
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer CentreUNSW SydneyKensingtonNSWAustralia
| | - Swapna Joshi
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer CentreUNSW SydneyKensingtonNSWAustralia
| | - Stephanie Alfred
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer CentreUNSW SydneyKensingtonNSWAustralia
| | | | - Aaminah Khan
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer CentreUNSW SydneyKensingtonNSWAustralia
| | - Dylan Grebert Wade
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer CentreUNSW SydneyKensingtonNSWAustralia
| | - Patrick A Strong
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer CentreUNSW SydneyKensingtonNSWAustralia
| | - Elodie Manouvrier
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer CentreUNSW SydneyKensingtonNSWAustralia
| | - Lisa T Morgan
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer CentreUNSW SydneyKensingtonNSWAustralia
| | - Miriam Span
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer CentreUNSW SydneyKensingtonNSWAustralia
| | - Jin Yi Lim
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer CentreUNSW SydneyKensingtonNSWAustralia
| | - Roxanne Cadiz
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer CentreUNSW SydneyKensingtonNSWAustralia
| | - Caitlin Ung
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer CentreUNSW SydneyKensingtonNSWAustralia
| | - David M Thomas
- Kinghorn Cancer CentreGarvan Institute of Medical ResearchDarlinghurstNSWAustralia
- Faculty of MedicineSt Vincent’s Clinical SchoolUNSW SydneyKensingtonNSWAustralia
| | - Katherine M Tucker
- Hereditary Cancer CentrePrince of Wales HospitalRandwickNSWAustralia
- Prince of Wales Hospital Clinical SchoolUNSW SydneyRandwickNSWAustralia
| | - Meera Warby
- Hereditary Cancer CentrePrince of Wales HospitalRandwickNSWAustralia
| | - Geoffrey B McCowage
- Cancer Centre for ChildrenThe Children’s Hospital at WestmeadWestmeadNSWAustralia
| | - Luciano Dalla‐Pozza
- Cancer Centre for ChildrenThe Children’s Hospital at WestmeadWestmeadNSWAustralia
| | - Jennifer A Byrne
- Children’s Cancer Research UnitKids ResearchWestmeadNSWAustralia
- Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Federica Saletta
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer CentreUNSW SydneyKensingtonNSWAustralia
| | | | - Stephen B Fox
- Peter MacCallum Cancer CentreMelbourneVic.Australia
- Department of Medical OncologyUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVic.Australia
| | - Murray D Norris
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer CentreUNSW SydneyKensingtonNSWAustralia
- School of Women’s and Children’s HealthUNSW SydneyKensingtonNSWAustralia
- University of New South Wales Centre for Childhood Cancer ResearchUNSW SydneyKensingtonVic.Australia
| | - Vanessa Tyrrell
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer CentreUNSW SydneyKensingtonNSWAustralia
| | - Toby N Trahair
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer CentreUNSW SydneyKensingtonNSWAustralia
- School of Women’s and Children’s HealthUNSW SydneyKensingtonNSWAustralia
- Kids Cancer CentreSydney Children’s HospitalRandwickNSWAustralia
| | - Richard B Lock
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer CentreUNSW SydneyKensingtonNSWAustralia
- School of Women’s and Children’s HealthUNSW SydneyKensingtonNSWAustralia
| | - Mark J Cowley
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer CentreUNSW SydneyKensingtonNSWAustralia
- School of Women’s and Children’s HealthUNSW SydneyKensingtonNSWAustralia
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical GenomicsGarvan Institute of Medical ResearchDarlinghurstNSWAustralia
| | - Paul G Ekert
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer CentreUNSW SydneyKensingtonNSWAustralia
- School of Women’s and Children’s HealthUNSW SydneyKensingtonNSWAustralia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer CentreMelbourneVic.Australia
| | - Michelle Haber
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer CentreUNSW SydneyKensingtonNSWAustralia
- School of Women’s and Children’s HealthUNSW SydneyKensingtonNSWAustralia
| | - David S Ziegler
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer CentreUNSW SydneyKensingtonNSWAustralia
- School of Women’s and Children’s HealthUNSW SydneyKensingtonNSWAustralia
- Kids Cancer CentreSydney Children’s HospitalRandwickNSWAustralia
| | - Glenn M Marshall
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer CentreUNSW SydneyKensingtonNSWAustralia
- School of Women’s and Children’s HealthUNSW SydneyKensingtonNSWAustralia
- Kids Cancer CentreSydney Children’s HospitalRandwickNSWAustralia
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14
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Epigenetic mechanisms in paediatric brain tumours: regulators lose control. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:167-185. [PMID: 35076654 DOI: 10.1042/bst20201227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms are essential to regulate gene expression during normal development. However, they are often disrupted in pathological conditions including tumours, where they contribute to their formation and maintenance through altered gene expression. In recent years, next generation genomic techniques has allowed a remarkable advancement of our knowledge of the genetic and molecular landscape of paediatric brain tumours and have highlighted epigenetic deregulation as a common hallmark in their pathogenesis. This review describes the main epigenetic dysregulations found in paediatric brain tumours, including at DNA methylation and histone modifications level, in the activity of chromatin-modifying enzymes and in the expression of non-coding RNAs. How these altered processes influence tumour biology and how they can be leveraged to dissect the molecular heterogeneity of these tumours and contribute to their classification is also addressed. Finally, the availability and value of preclinical models as well as the current clinical trials exploring targeting key epigenetic mediators in paediatric brain tumours are discussed.
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15
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Domenici G, Trindade G, Estrada MF, Cartaxo AL, Alves PM, André S, Brito C. Patient-Derived Breast Cancer Tissue Cultures for Anti-Endocrine Drug Assays. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2535:11-31. [PMID: 35867219 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2513-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a complex and heterogeneous pathology, characterized by a variety of histological and molecular phenotypes. The majority of the breast cancers express the estrogen receptor alpha (ER), which plays a pivotal role in the pathobiology of the disease and are therefore classified as ER-positive (ER+). In fact, targeting of the ER signaling pathway is the main therapeutic strategy for ER+ breast cancer. Despite the success of endocrine therapy, intrinsic and acquired resistance are reported in 30-50% of the ER+ breast cancers. However, the mechanisms underlying ER heterogeneity and therapeutic resistance are far from being fully disclosed, and efficacious clinical strategies to overcome resistance are still pending. One of the hurdles in studying ER+ breast cancer resistance is related with the scarcity of experimental models that can recapitulate ER heterogeneity and signaling. This is the case of ER+ breast cancer cell models, typically based on cells derived from metastasis, which also fail to recapitulate tumor complexity. Primary cultures of patient-derived breast cancer cells are difficult to establish, and generally characterized by stromal fibroblasts overgrowth and rapid loss of phenotypic and molecular traits of the tumor cells, including ER expression. Ex vivo cultures of breast cancer tissue have been reported to retain the tissue architecture, with preservation of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and ER expression for short periods of time.Given the cumulating evidence on the role of the TME in sustaining ER+ tumor cells, we hypothesized that TME preservation in culture would favor the long-term retention of ER expression and signaling. We employed alginate encapsulation to provide a supporting scaffold to breast cancer tissue microstructures, coupled to dynamic culture to improve the lifespan of the culture by avoiding diffusional limitations. In this chapter, we provide a detailed description of this culture methodology, which has been previously published by our group (Cartaxo et al., J Exp Clin Cancer Res 39:161, 2020), based on electrostatically driven breast cancer tissue encapsulation in alginate, coupled to culture under agitation in a defined culture medium. We also describe challenge of the ex vivo model with an ER activator and inhibitors (anti-endocrine drugs) and a gene expression endpoint of drug response using reverse transcription PCR-based analysis of three distinct genes downstream of ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Domenici
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo Trindade
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Marta F Estrada
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ana Luísa Cartaxo
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Paula M Alves
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Saudade André
- IPOLFG, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Catarina Brito
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal.
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal.
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16
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Griffin CP, Paul CL, Alexander KL, Walker MM, Hondermarck H, Lynam J. Postmortem brain donations vs premortem surgical resections for glioblastoma research: viewing the matter as a whole. Neurooncol Adv 2022; 4:vdab168. [PMID: 35047819 PMCID: PMC8760897 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdab168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There have been limited improvements in diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes of primary brain cancers, including glioblastoma, over the past 10 years. This is largely attributable to persistent deficits in understanding brain tumor biology and pathogenesis due to a lack of high-quality biological research specimens. Traditional, premortem, surgical biopsy samples do not allow full characterization of the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of glioblastoma, nor capture end-stage disease to allow full evaluation of the evolutionary and mutational processes that lead to treatment resistance and recurrence. Furthermore, the necessity of ensuring sufficient viable tissue is available for histopathological diagnosis, while minimizing surgically induced functional deficit, leaves minimal tissue for research purposes and results in formalin fixation of most surgical specimens. Postmortem brain donation programs are rapidly gaining support due to their unique ability to address the limitations associated with surgical tissue sampling. Collecting, processing, and preserving tissue samples intended solely for research provides both a spatial and temporal view of tumor heterogeneity as well as the opportunity to fully characterize end-stage disease from histological and molecular standpoints. This review explores the limitations of traditional sample collection and the opportunities afforded by postmortem brain donations for future neurobiological cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra P Griffin
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Cancer Biobank: NSW Regional Biospecimen and Research Services, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Cancer Research Alliance, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christine L Paul
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Cancer Research Alliance, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Priority Research Centre Cancer Research, Innovation and Translation, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Priority Research Centre Health Behaviour, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kimberley L Alexander
- Neurosurgery Department, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Brainstorm Brain Cancer Research, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Neuropathology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Marjorie M Walker
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Cancer Research Alliance, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hubert Hondermarck
- Hunter Cancer Research Alliance, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - James Lynam
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Cancer Research Alliance, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Calvary Mater, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
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17
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Haider AS, van den Bent M, Wen PY, Vogelbaum MA, Chang S, Canoll PD, Horbinski CM, Huse JT. Toward a standard pathological and molecular characterization of recurrent glioma in adults: a Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology effort. Neuro Oncol 2021; 22:450-456. [PMID: 31844891 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noz233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Regardless of subtype, diffuse gliomas of adulthood are characterized by inexorable progression through treatment. Cancer recurrence in the context of therapy is by no means unique to gliomas. For many tumors residing outside the central nervous system (CNS), tissue-based analyses are routinely employed to document the molecular and cellular features of disease recurrence. Such interventions are inconsistently applied for gliomas, however, and lack rigorous standardization when they are. While many of the reasons underlying these discrepancies reflect pragmatic realities inherent to CNS disease, the suboptimal employment of histological and molecular assessment at recurrence nevertheless represents a missed opportunity to proactively guide patient management and increase knowledge. Herein, we address this quandary by pairing a succinct description of the histological, biological, and molecular characteristics of recurrent glioma with recommendations for how to better standardize and implement quality pathological assessment into patient management. We hope this review will prompt thoughtful revision of standard operating procedures to maximize the utility of glioma re-biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali S Haider
- Departments of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Martin van den Bent
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick Y Wen
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael A Vogelbaum
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Neuro-Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Susan Chang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Peter D Canoll
- Departments of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Craig M Horbinski
- Departments of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jason T Huse
- Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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18
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Li Z, Langhans SA. In Vivo and Ex Vivo Pediatric Brain Tumor Models: An Overview. Front Oncol 2021; 11:620831. [PMID: 33869004 PMCID: PMC8047472 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.620831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
After leukemia, tumors of the brain and spine are the second most common form of cancer in children. Despite advances in treatment, brain tumors remain a leading cause of death in pediatric cancer patients and survivors often suffer from life-long consequences of side effects of therapy. The 5-year survival rates, however, vary widely by tumor type, ranging from over 90% in more benign tumors to as low as 20% in the most aggressive forms such as glioblastoma. Even within historically defined tumor types such as medulloblastoma, molecular analysis identified biologically heterogeneous subgroups each with different genetic alterations, age of onset and prognosis. Besides molecularly driven patient stratification to tailor disease risk to therapy intensity, such a diversity demonstrates the need for more precise and disease-relevant pediatric brain cancer models for research and drug development. Here we give an overview of currently available in vitro and in vivo pediatric brain tumor models and discuss the opportunities that new technologies such as 3D cultures and organoids that can bridge limitations posed by the simplicity of monolayer cultures and the complexity of in vivo models, bring to accommodate better precision in drug development for pediatric brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sigrid A. Langhans
- Nemours Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, United States
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19
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Ung C, Tsoli M, Liu J, Cassano D, Pocoví-Martínez S, Upton DH, Ehteda A, Mansfeld FM, Failes TW, Farfalla A, Katsinas C, Kavallaris M, Arndt GM, Vittorio O, Cirillo G, Voliani V, Ziegler DS. Doxorubicin-Loaded Gold Nanoarchitectures as a Therapeutic Strategy against Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1278. [PMID: 33805713 PMCID: PMC7999568 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Gliomas (DIPGs) are highly aggressive paediatric brain tumours. Currently, irradiation is the only standard treatment, but is palliative in nature and most patients die within 12 months of diagnosis. Novel therapeutic approaches are urgently needed for the treatment of this devastating disease. We have developed non-persistent gold nano-architectures (NAs) functionalised with human serum albumin (HSA) for the delivery of doxorubicin. Doxorubicin has been previously reported to be cytotoxic in DIPG cells. In this study, we have preclinically evaluated the cytotoxic efficacy of doxorubicin delivered through gold nanoarchitectures (NAs-HSA-Dox). We found that DIPG neurospheres were equally sensitive to doxorubicin and doxorubicin-loaded NAs. Colony formation assays demonstrated greater potency of NAs-HSA-Dox on colony formation compared to doxorubicin. Western blot analysis indicated increased apoptotic markers cleaved Parp, cleaved caspase 3 and phosphorylated H2AX in NAs-HSA-Dox treated DIPG neurospheres. Live cell content and confocal imaging demonstrated significantly higher uptake of NAs-HSA-Dox into DIPG neurospheres compared to doxorubicin alone. Despite the potency of the NAs in vitro, treatment of an orthotopic model of DIPG showed no antitumour effect. This disparate outcome may be due to the integrity of the blood-brain barrier and highlights the need to develop therapies to enhance penetration of drugs into DIPG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Ung
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, High Street, Randwick, NSW 2052, Australia; (C.U.); (J.L.); (D.H.U.); (A.E.); (F.M.M.); (C.K.); (M.K.); (O.V.)
| | - Maria Tsoli
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, High Street, Randwick, NSW 2052, Australia; (C.U.); (J.L.); (D.H.U.); (A.E.); (F.M.M.); (C.K.); (M.K.); (O.V.)
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jie Liu
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, High Street, Randwick, NSW 2052, Australia; (C.U.); (J.L.); (D.H.U.); (A.E.); (F.M.M.); (C.K.); (M.K.); (O.V.)
| | - Domenico Cassano
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (D.C.); (S.P.-M.); (V.V.)
| | - Salvador Pocoví-Martínez
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (D.C.); (S.P.-M.); (V.V.)
| | - Dannielle H. Upton
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, High Street, Randwick, NSW 2052, Australia; (C.U.); (J.L.); (D.H.U.); (A.E.); (F.M.M.); (C.K.); (M.K.); (O.V.)
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Anahid Ehteda
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, High Street, Randwick, NSW 2052, Australia; (C.U.); (J.L.); (D.H.U.); (A.E.); (F.M.M.); (C.K.); (M.K.); (O.V.)
| | - Friederike M. Mansfeld
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, High Street, Randwick, NSW 2052, Australia; (C.U.); (J.L.); (D.H.U.); (A.E.); (F.M.M.); (C.K.); (M.K.); (O.V.)
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash University, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Timothy W. Failes
- ACRF Drug Discovery Centre, Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, High Street, Randwick, NSW 2052, Australia; (T.W.F.); (G.M.A.)
| | - Annafranca Farfalla
- Department of Pharmacy Health and Nutritional Science, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (A.F.); (G.C.)
| | - Christopher Katsinas
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, High Street, Randwick, NSW 2052, Australia; (C.U.); (J.L.); (D.H.U.); (A.E.); (F.M.M.); (C.K.); (M.K.); (O.V.)
| | - Maria Kavallaris
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, High Street, Randwick, NSW 2052, Australia; (C.U.); (J.L.); (D.H.U.); (A.E.); (F.M.M.); (C.K.); (M.K.); (O.V.)
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Greg M. Arndt
- ACRF Drug Discovery Centre, Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, High Street, Randwick, NSW 2052, Australia; (T.W.F.); (G.M.A.)
| | - Orazio Vittorio
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, High Street, Randwick, NSW 2052, Australia; (C.U.); (J.L.); (D.H.U.); (A.E.); (F.M.M.); (C.K.); (M.K.); (O.V.)
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Giuseppe Cirillo
- Department of Pharmacy Health and Nutritional Science, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (A.F.); (G.C.)
| | - Valerio Voliani
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (D.C.); (S.P.-M.); (V.V.)
| | - David S. Ziegler
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, High Street, Randwick, NSW 2052, Australia; (C.U.); (J.L.); (D.H.U.); (A.E.); (F.M.M.); (C.K.); (M.K.); (O.V.)
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
- Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children’s Hospital, Randwick, NSW 2052, Australia
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20
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Chen Z, Peng P, Zhang X, Mania-Farnell B, Xi G, Wan F. Advanced Pediatric Diffuse Pontine Glioma Murine Models Pave the Way towards Precision Medicine. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13051114. [PMID: 33807733 PMCID: PMC7961799 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPGs) account for ~15% of pediatric brain tumors, which invariably present with poor survival regardless of treatment mode. Several seminal studies have revealed that 80% of DIPGs harbor H3K27M mutation coded by HIST1H3B, HIST1H3C and H3F3A genes. The H3K27M mutation has broad effects on gene expression and is considered a tumor driver. Determination of the effects of H3K27M on posttranslational histone modifications and gene regulations in DIPG is critical for identifying effective therapeutic targets. Advanced animal models play critical roles in translating these cutting-edge findings into clinical trial development. Here, we review current molecular research progress associated with DIPG. We also summarize DIPG animal models, highlighting novel genomic engineered mouse models (GEMMs) and innovative humanized DIPG mouse models. These models will pave the way towards personalized precision medicine for the treatment of DIPGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zirong Chen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (Z.C.); (P.P.); (X.Z.)
| | - Peng Peng
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (Z.C.); (P.P.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (Z.C.); (P.P.); (X.Z.)
| | - Barbara Mania-Farnell
- Department of Biological Science, Purdue University Northwest, Hammond, IN 46323, USA;
| | - Guifa Xi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Correspondence: (G.X.); (F.W.); Tel.: +1-(312)5034296 (G.X.); +86-(027)-8366-5201 (F.W.)
| | - Feng Wan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (Z.C.); (P.P.); (X.Z.)
- Correspondence: (G.X.); (F.W.); Tel.: +1-(312)5034296 (G.X.); +86-(027)-8366-5201 (F.W.)
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21
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Williams JR, Young CC, Vitanza NA, McGrath M, Feroze AH, Browd SR, Hauptman JS. Progress in diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma: advocating for stereotactic biopsy in the standard of care. Neurosurg Focus 2021; 48:E4. [PMID: 31896081 DOI: 10.3171/2019.9.focus19745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is a universally fatal pediatric brainstem tumor affecting approximately 300 children in the US annually. Median survival is less than 1 year, and radiation therapy has been the mainstay of treatment for decades. Recent advances in the biological understanding of the disease have identified the H3K27M mutation in nearly 80% of DIPGs, leading to the 2016 WHO classification of diffuse midline glioma H3K27M-mutant, a grade IV brainstem tumor. Developments in epigenetic targeting of transcriptional tendencies have yielded potential molecular targets for clinical trials. Chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy has also shown preclinical promise. Recent clinical studies, including prospective trials, have demonstrated the safety and feasibility of pediatric brainstem biopsy in the setting of DIPG and other brainstem tumors. Given developments in the ability to analyze DIPG tumor tissue to deepen biological understanding of this disease and develop new therapies for treatment, together with the increased safety of stereotactic brainstem biopsy, the authors present a case for offering biopsy to all children with suspected DIPG. They also present their standard operative techniques for image-guided, frameless stereotactic biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Williams
- 1Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington
| | | | - Nicholas A Vitanza
- 2Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital; and
| | | | | | - Samuel R Browd
- 3Division of Neurosurgery, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jason S Hauptman
- 3Division of Neurosurgery, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington
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22
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Khan A, Gamble LD, Upton DH, Ung C, Yu DMT, Ehteda A, Pandher R, Mayoh C, Hébert S, Jabado N, Kleinman CL, Burns MR, Norris MD, Haber M, Tsoli M, Ziegler DS. Dual targeting of polyamine synthesis and uptake in diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas. Nat Commun 2021; 12:971. [PMID: 33579942 PMCID: PMC7881014 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-20896-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is an incurable malignant childhood brain tumor, with no active systemic therapies and a 5-year survival of less than 1%. Polyamines are small organic polycations that are essential for DNA replication, translation and cell proliferation. Ornithine decarboxylase 1 (ODC1), the rate-limiting enzyme in polyamine synthesis, is irreversibly inhibited by difluoromethylornithine (DFMO). Herein we show that polyamine synthesis is upregulated in DIPG, leading to sensitivity to DFMO. DIPG cells compensate for ODC1 inhibition by upregulation of the polyamine transporter SLC3A2. Treatment with the polyamine transporter inhibitor AMXT 1501 reduces uptake of polyamines in DIPG cells, and co-administration of AMXT 1501 and DFMO leads to potent in vitro activity, and significant extension of survival in three aggressive DIPG orthotopic animal models. Collectively, these results demonstrate the potential of dual targeting of polyamine synthesis and uptake as a therapeutic strategy for incurable DIPG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaminah Khan
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Laura D. Gamble
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Dannielle H. Upton
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Caitlin Ung
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Denise M. T. Yu
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Anahid Ehteda
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Ruby Pandher
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Chelsea Mayoh
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Steven Hébert
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, 3999 Côte Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1 Canada
| | - Nada Jabado
- grid.63984.300000 0000 9064 4811Department of Pediatrics, McGill University Health Center, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1 Canada
| | - Claudia L. Kleinman
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, 3999 Côte Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1 Canada
| | - Mark R. Burns
- Aminex Therapeutics Inc., Suite #364, 6947 Coal Creek Parkway SE, Newcastle, WA 98059 USA
| | - Murray D. Norris
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052 Australia ,grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432Centre for Childhood Cancer Research, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Michelle Haber
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052 Australia ,grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432Centre for Childhood Cancer Research, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Maria Tsoli
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - David S. Ziegler
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052 Australia ,grid.414009.80000 0001 1282 788XKids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children’s Hospital, High St, Randwick, 2031 Australia
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23
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DeWire M, Erker C, Hummel TR, Chow LML, de Blank P, Salloum R, Pillay-Smiley N, Hoffman L, Gilger E, Gallagher M, Driver L, Meister D, Ward H, Drissi R, Kumar SS, Sengupta S, Kikta B, Meriwether W, Jelinek S, Asher A, Jones B, Leach J, Miles L, Fuller C, Fouladi M. Overcoming barriers to establishing autopsy procurement programs in pediatric patients with central nervous system tumors: a call to develop regional centers. J Neurooncol 2021; 152:107-114. [PMID: 33502679 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-020-03679-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While autopsy-repository programs with a variety of pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumor types are a critical resource for preclinical neuro-oncology research, few exist and there is no published guidance on how to develop one. The goal of this prospective Pediatric Brain Tumor Repository (PBTR) study was to develop such a program at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC) and then publish the quantitative and experiential data as a guide to support the development of similar programs. METHODS Protocols and infrastructure were established-to educate oncologists and families, establish eligibility, obtain consent, address pre- and post-autopsy logistics (e.g., patient and tissue transportation), process and authenticate tissue samples, and collect and analyze data. RESULTS Of the 129 pediatric CNS tumor patients at CCHMC who died between 2013 and 2018, 109 were eligible for our study. Of these, 74% (81 of 109) were approached for PBTR donation, and 68% (55 of 81) consented. In the final year of the study, approach and consent rates were 93% and 85%, respectively. Median time from death to autopsy (postmortem interval, PMI) was 10 h (range, 1.5-30). In the outpatient setting, PMI increased with distance (from the hospice/home where the patient died to CCHMC). In all patients, PMI appeared to be lower, when consent was obtained more than 24 h before death. CONCLUSIONS Procurement of autopsy specimens need not be a barrier in neuro-oncology research. Regional centers, strict timing-of-consent, patient education, and dedicated staff are all needed to minimize PMI and, thereby, increase the value of the procured tissue for an array of basic and translational research applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko DeWire
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics College of Medicine, Brain Tumor Center, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229-3026, USA.
| | - Craig Erker
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, IWK Health Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Trent R Hummel
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics College of Medicine, Brain Tumor Center, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229-3026, USA
| | - Lionel M L Chow
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Peter de Blank
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics College of Medicine, Brain Tumor Center, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229-3026, USA
| | - Ralph Salloum
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics College of Medicine, Brain Tumor Center, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229-3026, USA
| | - Natasha Pillay-Smiley
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics College of Medicine, Brain Tumor Center, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229-3026, USA
| | - Lindsey Hoffman
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Elizabeth Gilger
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics College of Medicine, Brain Tumor Center, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229-3026, USA
| | - Maureen Gallagher
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics College of Medicine, Brain Tumor Center, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229-3026, USA
| | - Lori Driver
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics College of Medicine, Brain Tumor Center, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229-3026, USA
| | - Dinah Meister
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics College of Medicine, Brain Tumor Center, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229-3026, USA
| | - Heather Ward
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics College of Medicine, Brain Tumor Center, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229-3026, USA
| | - Rachid Drissi
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics College of Medicine, Brain Tumor Center, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229-3026, USA.,Center for Childhood Cancer & Blood Disorders, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH and The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Shiva Senthil Kumar
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics College of Medicine, Brain Tumor Center, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229-3026, USA.,Center for Childhood Cancer & Blood Disorders, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Satarupa Sengupta
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics College of Medicine, Brain Tumor Center, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229-3026, USA.,Division of Research, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Bridget Kikta
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics College of Medicine, Brain Tumor Center, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229-3026, USA
| | - Wanda Meriwether
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics College of Medicine, Brain Tumor Center, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229-3026, USA
| | - Susan Jelinek
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics College of Medicine, Brain Tumor Center, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229-3026, USA
| | - Anthony Asher
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics College of Medicine, Brain Tumor Center, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229-3026, USA
| | - Blaise Jones
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - James Leach
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Lili Miles
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nemours Children's Health System, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Christine Fuller
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Maryam Fouladi
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics College of Medicine, Brain Tumor Center, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229-3026, USA.,Hematology/Oncology &, BMT, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, ColumbusColumbus, OHOH, USA
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24
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Nagaraja TN, deCarvalho AC, Brown SL, Griffith B, Farmer K, Irtenkauf S, Hasselbach L, Mukherjee A, Bartlett S, Valadie OG, Cabral G, Knight RA, Lee IY, Divine GW, Ewing JR. The impact of initial tumor microenvironment on imaging phenotype. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2021; 27:100315. [PMID: 33571801 PMCID: PMC8127413 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2021.100315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Models of human cancer, to be useful, must replicate human disease with high fidelity. Our focus in this study is rat xenograft brain tumors as a model of human embedded cerebral tumors. A distinguishing signature of such tumors in humans, that of contrast-enhancement on imaging, is often not present when the human cells grow in rodents, despite the xenografts having nearly identical DNA signatures to the original tumor specimen. Although contrast enhancement was uniformly evident in all the human tumors from which the xenografts’ cells were derived, we show that long-term contrast enhancement in the model tumors may be determined conditionally by the tumor microenvironment at the time of cell implantation. We demonstrate this phenomenon in one of two patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) models using cancer stem-like cell (CSC)-enriched neurospheres from human tumor resection specimens, transplanted to groups of immune-compromised rats in the presence or absence of a collagen/fibrin scaffolding matrix, Matrigel. The rats were imaged by dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) and their brains were examined by histopathology. Targeted proteomics of the PDOX tumor specimens grown from CSC implanted with and without Matrigel showed that while the levels of the majority of proteins and post-translational modifications were comparable between contrast-enhancing and non-enhancing tumors, phosphorylation of Fox038 showed a differential expression. The results suggest key proteins determine contrast enhancement and suggest a path toward the development of better animal models of human glioma. Future work is needed to elucidate fully the molecular determinants of contrast-enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stephen L Brown
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States; Department of Public Health, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Brent Griffith
- Department of Radiology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Katelynn Farmer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Susan Irtenkauf
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI
| | | | - Abir Mukherjee
- Department of Pathology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Seamus Bartlett
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - O Grahm Valadie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Glauber Cabral
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Robert A Knight
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States; Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, United States
| | - Ian Y Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI
| | - George W Divine
- Department of Public Health, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - James R Ewing
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States; Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, United States; Department of Neurology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
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25
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Robertson EG, Wakefield CE, Tsoli M, Kellie SJ, Alvaro F, Gifford AJ, Weber MA, Rodriguez M, Kirby M, Ziegler DS. Parents' experiences of postmortem tumor donation for high-grade gliomas: benefits and suggested improvements. Neurooncol Adv 2021; 3:vdab087. [PMID: 34458732 PMCID: PMC8386242 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdab087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric high-grade glioma is a devastating diagnosis. There has been no improvement in outcomes for several decades, with few children surviving 2 years postdiagnosis. Research progress has been hampered by a lack of tumor samples, which can be used to develop and test novel therapies. Postmortem tumor donations are therefore a valuable opportunity to collect tissue. In this study, we explored Australian parents' experiences of donating their child's tumor for research after their child had died. METHODS We collected qualitative data from 11 bereaved parents who consented to donate samples of their child's high-grade glioma for research postmortem. We asked parents about their perceived benefits/burdens of the autopsy, recommendations for improving consent discussions, and decision regret. RESULTS Parents hoped that their donation would help to find a cure for future children with high-grade glioma. They described feeling comforted knowing that their child's suffering may help others. Some parents also felt that the donation would help them better understand their child's tumor. Although some parents described discomfort about procedures leading up to the autopsy, parents reported minimal regret regarding their decision to donate their child's tumor. Parents provided recommendations to improve consent discussions, such as providing more information about the autopsy logistics and why the donation was needed. CONCLUSION Parents consented to autopsy for altruistic reasons, although donation may also assist parents in their grieving. There is a strong need to improve access to tumor donations for any family who wishes to donate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eden G Robertson
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Behavioural Sciences Unit, Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children’s Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Claire E Wakefield
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Behavioural Sciences Unit, Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children’s Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Maria Tsoli
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Children’s Cancer Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stewart J Kellie
- Children’s Cancer Centre, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Frank Alvaro
- Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders, John Hunter Children’s Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew J Gifford
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Children’s Cancer Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Anatomical Pathology, NSW Health Pathology East (Prince of Wales Hospital), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Martin A Weber
- Anatomical Pathology, NSW Health Pathology East (Prince of Wales Hospital), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael Rodriguez
- Anatomical Pathology, NSW Health Pathology East (Prince of Wales Hospital), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Maria Kirby
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - David S Ziegler
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Children’s Cancer Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children’s Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
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26
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Biery MC, Noll A, Myers C, Morris SM, Winter CA, Pakiam F, Cole BL, Browd SR, Olson JM, Vitanza NA. A Protocol for the Generation of Treatment-naïve Biopsy-derived Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma and Diffuse Midline Glioma Models. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY 2020. [PMID: 33768215 PMCID: PMC7990285 DOI: 10.33696//neurol.1.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is a universally fatal tumor of the brainstem, most commonly affecting young children. Due to its location, surgical resection is not achievable, but consideration of a biopsy has become standard practice at children’s hospitals with the appropriate neurosurgical expertise. While the decision to obtain a biopsy should be directed by the presence of atypical radiographic features that call the diagnosis of DIPG into question or the requirement of biopsy tissue for clinical trial enrollment, once this precious tissue is available its use for research should be considered. The majority of DIPG and diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27M-mutant (DMG) models are autopsy-derived or genetically-engineered, each of which has limitations for translational studies, so the use of biopsy tissue for laboratory model development provides an opportunity to create unique model systems. Here, we present a detailed laboratory protocol for the generation of treatment-naïve biopsy-derived DIPG/DMG models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt C Biery
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alyssa Noll
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program and Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Carrie Myers
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Conrad A Winter
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Laboratories, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Fiona Pakiam
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bonnie L Cole
- Department of Laboratories, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Samuel R Browd
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - James M Olson
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nicholas A Vitanza
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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27
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Graham MS, Mellinghoff IK. Histone-Mutant Glioma: Molecular Mechanisms, Preclinical Models, and Implications for Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7193. [PMID: 33003625 PMCID: PMC7582376 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pediatric high-grade glioma (pHGG) is the leading cause of cancer death in children. Despite histologic similarities, it has recently become apparent that this disease is molecularly distinct from its adult counterpart. Specific hallmark oncogenic histone mutations within pediatric malignant gliomas divide these tumors into subgroups with different neuroanatomic and chronologic predilections. In this review, we will summarize the characteristic molecular alterations of pediatric high-grade gliomas, with a focus on how preclinical models of these alterations have furthered our understanding of their oncogenicity as well as their potential impact on developing targeted therapies for this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya S. Graham
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Ingo K. Mellinghoff
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA;
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
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28
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Kambhampati M, Panditharatna E, Yadavilli S, Saoud K, Lee S, Eze A, Almira-Suarez MI, Hancock L, Bonner ER, Gittens J, Stampar M, Gaonkar K, Resnick AC, Kline C, Ho CY, Waanders AJ, Georgescu MM, Rance NE, Kim Y, Johnson C, Rood BR, Kilburn LB, Hwang EI, Mueller S, Packer RJ, Bornhorst M, Nazarian J. Harmonization of postmortem donations for pediatric brain tumors and molecular characterization of diffuse midline gliomas. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10954. [PMID: 32616776 PMCID: PMC7331588 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67764-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Children diagnosed with brain tumors have the lowest overall survival of all pediatric cancers. Recent molecular studies have resulted in the discovery of recurrent driver mutations in many pediatric brain tumors. However, despite these molecular advances, the clinical outcomes of high grade tumors, including H3K27M diffuse midline glioma (H3K27M DMG), remain poor. To address the paucity of tissue for biological studies, we have established a comprehensive protocol for the coordination and processing of donated specimens at postmortem. Since 2010, 60 postmortem pediatric brain tumor donations from 26 institutions were coordinated and collected. Patient derived xenograft models and cell cultures were successfully created (76% and 44% of attempts respectively), irrespective of postmortem processing time. Histological analysis of mid-sagittal whole brain sections revealed evidence of treatment response, immune cell infiltration and the migratory path of infiltrating H3K27M DMG cells into other midline structures and cerebral lobes. Sequencing of primary and disseminated tumors confirmed the presence of oncogenic driver mutations and their obligate partners. Our findings highlight the importance of postmortem tissue donations as an invaluable resource to accelerate research, potentially leading to improved outcomes for children with aggressive brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuri Kambhampati
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.,Brain Tumor Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Eshini Panditharatna
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.,Brain Tumor Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sridevi Yadavilli
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.,Brain Tumor Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Karim Saoud
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.,Brain Tumor Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sulgi Lee
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.,Brain Tumor Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.,The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Augustine Eze
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.,Brain Tumor Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - M I Almira-Suarez
- Department of Pathology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.,The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Lauren Hancock
- Brain Tumor Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.,Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Erin R Bonner
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.,Brain Tumor Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.,The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jamila Gittens
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.,PTC Therapeutics, South Plainfield, NJ, USA
| | - Mojca Stampar
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Krutika Gaonkar
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adam C Resnick
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Cassie Kline
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology and Neurology, UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Cheng-Ying Ho
- Department of Pathology and Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Angela J Waanders
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Naomi E Rance
- Department of Pathology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Yong Kim
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Courtney Johnson
- Brain Tumor Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Brian R Rood
- Brain Tumor Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.,Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Lindsay B Kilburn
- Brain Tumor Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.,Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Eugene I Hwang
- Brain Tumor Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.,Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sabine Mueller
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology and Neurology, UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Oncology, Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger J Packer
- Brain Tumor Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Miriam Bornhorst
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA. .,Brain Tumor Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA. .,The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Javad Nazarian
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA. .,Department of Oncology, Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland. .,The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA.
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29
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Fuchs Q, Pierrevelcin M, Messe M, Lhermitte B, Blandin AF, Papin C, Coca A, Dontenwill M, Entz-Werlé N. Hypoxia Inducible Factors' Signaling in Pediatric High-Grade Gliomas: Role, Modelization and Innovative Targeted Approaches. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040979. [PMID: 32326644 PMCID: PMC7226233 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain tumor microenvironment has recently become a major challenge in all pediatric cancers, but especially in brain tumors like high-grade gliomas. Hypoxia is one of the extrinsic tumor features that interacts with tumor cells, but also with the blood-brain barrier and all normal brain cells. It is the result of a dramatic proliferation and expansion of tumor cells that deprive the tissues of oxygen inflow. However, cancer cells, especially tumor stem cells, can endure extreme hypoxic conditions by rescheduling various genes' expression involved in cell proliferation, metabolism and angiogenesis and thus, promote tumor expansion, therapeutic resistance and metabolic adaptation. This cellular adaptation implies Hypoxia-Inducible Factors (HIF), namely HIF-1α and HIF-2α. In pediatric high-grade gliomas (pHGGs), several questions remained open on hypoxia-specific role in normal brain during gliomagenesis and pHGG progression, as well how to model it in preclinical studies and how it might be counteracted with targeted therapies. Therefore, this review aims to gather various data about this key extrinsic tumor factor in pHGGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Fuchs
- UMR CNRS 7021, Laboratory Bioimaging and Pathologies, Tumoral Signaling and Therapeutic Targets team, Faculty of Pharmacy, 74 route du Rhin, 67405 Illkirch, France; (Q.F.); (M.P.); (M.M.); (B.L.); (M.D.)
| | - Marina Pierrevelcin
- UMR CNRS 7021, Laboratory Bioimaging and Pathologies, Tumoral Signaling and Therapeutic Targets team, Faculty of Pharmacy, 74 route du Rhin, 67405 Illkirch, France; (Q.F.); (M.P.); (M.M.); (B.L.); (M.D.)
| | - Melissa Messe
- UMR CNRS 7021, Laboratory Bioimaging and Pathologies, Tumoral Signaling and Therapeutic Targets team, Faculty of Pharmacy, 74 route du Rhin, 67405 Illkirch, France; (Q.F.); (M.P.); (M.M.); (B.L.); (M.D.)
| | - Benoit Lhermitte
- UMR CNRS 7021, Laboratory Bioimaging and Pathologies, Tumoral Signaling and Therapeutic Targets team, Faculty of Pharmacy, 74 route du Rhin, 67405 Illkirch, France; (Q.F.); (M.P.); (M.M.); (B.L.); (M.D.)
- Pathology Department, University Hospital of Strasbourg, 1 avenue Molière, 67098 Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Christophe Papin
- Inserm U1258, UMR CNRS 7104, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France;
| | - Andres Coca
- Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Strasbourg, 1 avenue Molière, 67098 Strasbourg, France;
| | - Monique Dontenwill
- UMR CNRS 7021, Laboratory Bioimaging and Pathologies, Tumoral Signaling and Therapeutic Targets team, Faculty of Pharmacy, 74 route du Rhin, 67405 Illkirch, France; (Q.F.); (M.P.); (M.M.); (B.L.); (M.D.)
| | - Natacha Entz-Werlé
- UMR CNRS 7021, Laboratory Bioimaging and Pathologies, Tumoral Signaling and Therapeutic Targets team, Faculty of Pharmacy, 74 route du Rhin, 67405 Illkirch, France; (Q.F.); (M.P.); (M.M.); (B.L.); (M.D.)
- Pediatric Onco-Hematology Department, Pediatrics, University hospital of Strasbourg, 1 avenue Molière, 67098 Strasbourg, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-388128396; Fax: +33-388128092
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30
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Kasper LH, Baker SJ. Invited Review: Emerging functions of histone H3 mutations in paediatric diffuse high-grade gliomas. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2020; 46:73-85. [PMID: 31859390 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Paediatric diffuse high-grade gliomas (pHGG) are rare, but deadly tumours. The discovery of recurrent mutations in the tail of histone H3, changing lysine 27 to methionine, or glycine 34 to arginine or valine, has illuminated a critical role for epigenetic dysregulation in the aetiology of childhood gliomas and opened new avenues of exploration that have resulted in numerous advances for the field. In this review, we describe the current models of H3K27M mutant cancer that are available to the research community and the insights they have provided on tumour biology and the epigenetic and transcriptional effects of histone mutations. We also review the current understanding of the H3G34R/V mutation and the therapeutic outlook for the treatment of pHGG.
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Affiliation(s)
- L H Kasper
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - S J Baker
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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