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Liu XF, Lu JJ, Li Y, Yang XY, Qiang JW. The interaction of ammonia and manganese in abnormal metabolism of minimal hepatic encephalopathy: A comparison metabolomics study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289688. [PMID: 37540683 PMCID: PMC10403054 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was to investigate the effects of ammonia and manganese in the metabolism of minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE). A total of 32 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four subgroups: chronic hyperammonemia (CHA), chronic hypermanganese (CHM), MHE and control group (CON). 1H-NMR-based metabolomics was used to detect the metabolic changes. Sparse projection to latent structures discriminant analysis was used for identifying and comparing the key metabolites. Significant elevated blood ammonia were shown in the CHA, CHM, and MHE rats. Significant elevated brain manganese (Mn) were shown in the CHM, and MHE rats, but not in the CHA rats. The concentrations of γ-amino butyric acid (GABA), lactate, alanine, glutamate, glutamine, threonine, and phosphocholine were significantly increased, and that of myo-inositol, taurine, leucine, isoleucine, arginine, and citrulline were significantly decreased in the MHE rats. Of all these 13 key metabolites, 10 of them were affected by ammonia (including lactate, alanine, glutamate, glutamine, myo-inositol, taurine, leucine, isoleucine, arginine, and citrulline) and 5 of them were affected by manganese (including GABA, lactate, myo-inositol, taurine, and leucine). Enrichment analysis indicated that abnormal metabolism of glutamine and TCA circle in MHE might be affected by the ammonia, and abnormal metabolism of GABA might be affected by the Mn, and abnormal metabolism of glycolysis and branched chain amino acids metabolism might be affected by both ammonia and Mn. Both ammonia and Mn play roles in the abnormal metabolism of MHE. Chronic hypermanganese could lead to elevated blood ammonia. However, chronic hyperammonemia could not lead to brain Mn deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Fei Liu
- Department of Radiology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Jing Lu
- Department of Radiology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Radiology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiu-Ying Yang
- Department of Radiology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Wei Qiang
- Department of Radiology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Nork TM, Kim CBY, Katz AW, Rasmussen CA, Banghart M, Ver Hoeve JN. Multifocal electroretinography increases following experimental glaucoma in nonhuman primates with retinal ganglion cell axotomy. Doc Ophthalmol 2023; 146:97-112. [PMID: 36763214 PMCID: PMC10284020 DOI: 10.1007/s10633-023-09922-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether short-latency changes in multifocal electroretinography (mfERG) observed in experimental glaucoma (EG) are secondary solely to retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss or whether there is a separate contribution from elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). METHODS Prior to operative procedures, a series of baseline mfERGs were recorded from six rhesus macaques using a 241-element unstretched stimulus. Animals then underwent hemiretinal endodiathermy axotomy (HEA) by placing burns along the inferior 180° of the optic nerve margin in the right eye (OD). mfERG recordings were obtained in each animal at regular intervals following for 3-4 months to allow stabilization of the HEA effects. Laser trabecular meshwork destruction (LTD) to elevate IOP was then performed; first-order kernel (K1) waveform root-mean-square (RMS) amplitudes for the short-latency segment of the mfERG wave (9-35 ms) were computed for two 7-hexagon groupings-the first located within the superior (non-axotomized) macula and the second within the inferior (axotomized) macula. Immunohistochemistry for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was done. RESULTS By 3 months post HEA, there was marked thinning of the inferior nerve fiber layer as measured by optical coherence tomography. Compared with baseline, no statistically significant changes in 9-35 ms K1 RMS amplitudes were evident in either the axotomized or non-axotomized portions of the macula. Following LTD, mean IOP in HEA eyes rose to 46 ± 9 compared with 20 ± 2 mmHg (SD) in the fellow control eyes. In the HEA + EG eyes, statistically significant increases in K1 RMS amplitude were present in both the axotomized inferior and non-axotomized superior portions of the OD retinas. No changes in K1 RMS amplitude were found in the fellow control eyes from baseline to HEA epoch, but there was a smaller increase from baseline to HEA + EG. Upregulation of GFAP in the Müller cells was evident in both non-axotomized and axotomized retina in eyes with elevated IOP. CONCLUSIONS The RMS amplitudes of the short-latency mfERG K1 waveforms are not altered following axotomy but undergo marked increases following elevated IOP. This suggests that the increase in mfERG amplitude was not solely a result of RGC loss and may reflect photoreceptor and bipolar cell dysfunction and/or changes in Müller cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Michael Nork
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Charlene B Y Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Alexander W Katz
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Carol A Rasmussen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mark Banghart
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - James N Ver Hoeve
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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Lu J, Li Y, Zhang C, Yang X, Qiang J. Metabolic changes of the reduction of manganese intake in the hepatic encephalopathy rat: NMR- and MS-based metabolomics study. Biometals 2022; 35:935-953. [PMID: 35857253 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-022-00415-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the metabolic changes in type C hepatic encephalopathy (CHE) rats after reducing manganese (Mn) intake. A total of 80 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control group and CHE groups (induced by intraperitoneal injection of thioacetamide at a dose of 250 mg/kg of body weight twice a week for 6 weeks). CHE rats were subdivided into 1Mn group (fed a standard diet, with 10 mg Mn/kg feed), 0.5Mn group (half-Mn diet), 0.25Mn group (quarter-Mn diet) and 0Mn group (no-Mn diet) for 4 to 8 weeks. Morris water maze (MWM), Y maze and narrow beam test (NBT) were used to evaluate cognitive and motor functions. Blood ammonia, brain Mn content, the number of GS-positive cells, and glutamine synthetase (GS) activity were measured. The metabolic changes of CHE rats were investigated using hydrogen-nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry. Multivariate statistical analysis was used to analyze the results. Significantly decreased numbers of entries in target area of MWM and Y maze, longer NBT latency and total time, higher blood ammonia, brain Mn content and GS activity were found in CHE rats. After reducing Mn intake, CHE rats had better behavioral performance, significantly lower blood ammonia, brain Mn content and GS activity. The main up-regulated metabolites were Ala, GABA, Glu, Gln, Lac, Tyr, Phe in 1Mn rats. After reducing Mn intake, metabolites returned to normal level at different degrees. Reducing Mn intake could reduce brain Mn content and blood ammonia, regulate GS activity and amino acid metabolism, ultimately improve behavioral performance in CHE rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Lu
- Department of Radiology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, 1508 Longhang Road, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Radiology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, 1508 Longhang Road, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Cui Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, 1508 Longhang Road, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Xiuying Yang
- Department of Radiology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, 1508 Longhang Road, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Jinwei Qiang
- Department of Radiology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, 1508 Longhang Road, Shanghai, 201508, China.
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Li S, Wang X, Yang J, Lei H, Wang X, Xiang Y. Metabolic profile of visual cortex in diabetic rats measured with in vivo proton MRS. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2017; 30:e3783. [PMID: 28915340 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to characterize the metabolic profile of the visual cortex in streptozotocin-induced Type 1 diabetic rats by means of in vivo proton MRS. Several metabolite concentration ratios in the visual cortex were calculated. In addition, postmortem histologic analyses for retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss, optic nerve injury and visual cortex alterations were monitored. The results showed that diabetes induced several changes in visual cortex metabolites, such as reduced N-acetylaspartate, glutamate, γ-aminobutyric acid, taurine and choline-containing compound levels. Nevertheless, myo-inositol levels increased significantly as compared with controls. Remarkable RGC loss and optic nerve degeneration were observed by morphological analysis. Moreover, the results showed significant neuronal loss and glial activation in the visual cortex. These findings indicated that, besides vascular abnormalities, neuronal loss and degeneration in the visual pathway were induced due to disrupted glucose homeostasis in diabetes. Metabolic or functional abnormalities were induced in cerebral neurons of the visual cortex by diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, China
| | - Xinghua Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Junjie Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Hao Lei
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xuxia Wang
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yi Xiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, China
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Hu ZL, Xia HH, Yang YJ, Zheng H, Zhao LC, Chen YC, Zhuge QC, Xia NZ, Gao HC, Chen WJ. Metabolic alterations in the rat cerebellum following acute middle cerebral artery occlusion, as determined by 1H NMR spectroscopy. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:531-541. [PMID: 29115616 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Supratentorial focal ischemia may reduce cerebral blood volume and cerebellar glucose metabolic rate contralateral to the region of ischemia. The present study investigated the effects of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) on cerebral metabolism in the ischemic cerebral hemisphere and the non‑ischemic cerebellum in rats 1, 3, 9 and 24 h following ischemia using ex vivo proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy. The results demonstrated that focal ischemia induced increases in the levels of lactate and alanine, and a decrease in succinate, as early as 1 h following ischemia in the left cerebral hemisphere and the right cerebellum. A continuous increase in lactate levels and decrease in creatine levels were detected in both cerebral areas 3 and 24 h post‑MCAO. The most obvious difference between the two cerebral areas was that there was no statistically significant difference in N‑acetyl aspartate (NAA) levels in the right cerebellum at all time points; however, the amino acid levels of NAA in the left cerebral hemisphere were markedly decreased 3, 9 and 24 h post‑MCAO. In addition, an obvious increase in glutamine was observed in the right and left cerebellum at 3, 9 and 24 h post‑MCAO. Furthermore, the present study demonstrated that γ‑aminobutyric acid levels were decreased at 1 h in the left and right cerebellum and were evidently increased at 24 h in the right cerebellum post‑MCAO. In conclusion, supratentorial ischemia has been indicated to affect the activities of the non‑ischemic contralateral cerebellum. Therefore, these results suggested that an NMR‑based metabonomic approach may be used as a potential means to elucidate cerebral and cerebellar metabolism following MCAO, which may help improve understanding regarding cerebral infarction at a molecular level. Ex vivo 1H NMR analysis may be useful for the assessment of clinical biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Long Hu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University/Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Huan-Huan Xia
- Institute of Metabonomics and Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Yun-Jun Yang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University/Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Institute of Metabonomics and Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Liang-Cai Zhao
- Institute of Metabonomics and Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Chun Chen
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University/Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Qi-Chuan Zhuge
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University/Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Neng-Zhi Xia
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University/Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Chang Gao
- Institute of Metabonomics and Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Jian Chen
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University/Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
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Liu K, Ye XJ, Hu WY, Zhang GY, Bai GH, Zhao LC, He JW, Zhu H, Shao JB, Yan ZH, Gao HC. Neurochemical changes in the rat occipital cortex and hippocampus after repetitive and profound hypoglycemia during the neonatal period: an ex vivo ¹H magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Mol Neurobiol 2013; 48:729-36. [PMID: 23553314 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8446-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The brain of a human neonate is more vulnerable to hypoglycemia than that of pediatric and adult patients. Repetitive and profound hypoglycemia during the neonatal period (RPHN) causes brain damage and leads to severe neurologic sequelae. Ex vivo high-resolution (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was carried out in the present study to detect metabolite alterations in newborn and adolescent rats and investigate the effects of RPHN on their occipital cortex and hippocampus. Results showed that RPHN induces significant changes in a number of cerebral metabolites, and such changes are region-specific. Among the 16 metabolites detected by ex vivo (1)H NMR, RPHN significantly increased the levels of creatine, glutamate, glutamine, γ-aminobutyric acid, and aspartate, as well as other metabolites, including succine, taurine, and myo-inositol, in the occipital cortex of neonatal rats compared with the control. By contrast, changes in these neurochemicals were not significant in the hippocampus of neonatal rats. When the rats had developed into adolescence, the changes above were maintained and the levels of other metabolites, including lactate, N-acetyl aspartate, alanine, choline, glycine, acetate, and ascorbate, increased in the occipital cortex. By contrast, most of these metabolites were reduced in the hippocampus. These metabolic changes suggest that complementary mechanisms exist between these two brain areas. RPHN appears to affect occipital cortex and hippocampal activities, neurotransmitter transition, energy metabolism, and other metabolic equilibria in newborn rats; these effects are further aggravated when the newborn rats develop into adolescence. Changes in the metabolism of neurotransmitter system may be an adaptive measure of the central nervous system in response to RPHN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Liu
- Radiology Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, 325035, People's Republic of China
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