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Saman S, Srivastava N, Yasir M, Chauhan I. A Comprehensive Review on Current Treatments and Challenges Involved in the Treatment of Ovarian Cancer. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2024; 24:142-166. [PMID: 37642226 DOI: 10.2174/1568009623666230811093139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the second most common gynaecological malignancy. It typically affects females over the age of 50, and since 75% of cases are only discovered at stage III or IV, this is a sign of a poor diagnosis. Despite intraperitoneal chemotherapy's chemosensitivity, most patients relapse and face death. Early detection is difficult, but treatment is also difficult due to the route of administration, resistance to therapy with recurrence, and the need for precise cancer targeting to minimize cytotoxicity and adverse effects. On the other hand, undergoing debulking surgery becomes challenging, and therapy with many chemotherapeutic medications has manifested resistance, a condition known as multidrug resistance (MDR). Although there are other therapeutic options for ovarian cancer, this article solely focuses on co-delivery techniques, which work via diverse pathways to overcome cancer cell resistance. Different pathways contribute to MDR development in ovarian cancer; however, usually, pump and non-pump mechanisms are involved. Striking cancerous cells from several angles is important to defeat MDR. Nanocarriers are known to bypass the drug efflux pump found on cellular membranes to hit the pump mechanism. Nanocarriers aid in the treatment of ovarian cancer by enhancing the delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs to the tumour sites through passive or active targeting, thereby reducing unfavorable side effects on the healthy tissues. Additionally, the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) mechanism boosts the bioavailability of the tumour site. To address the shortcomings of conventional delivery, the current review attempts to explain the current conventional treatment with special reference to passively and actively targeted drug delivery systems (DDSs) towards specific receptors developed to treat ovarian cancer. In conclusion, tailored nanocarriers would optimize medication delivery into the intracellular compartment before optimizing intra-tumour distribution. Other novel treatment possibilities for ovarian cancer include tumour vaccines, gene therapy, targeting epigenetic alteration, and biologically targeted compounds. These characteristics might enhance the therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saika Saman
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Lucknow, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125, Noida, 201313, India
| | - Nimisha Srivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Lucknow, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125, Noida, 201313, India
| | - Mohd Yasir
- Department of Pharmacy (Pharmaceutics), College of Health Sciences, Arsi University, Asella, Ethiopia
| | - Iti Chauhan
- Department of Pharmacy, I.T.S College of Pharmacy, Muradnagar, Ghaziabad, India
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2
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Ansari JA, Malik JA, Ahmed S, Bhat FA, Khanam A, Mir SA, Abouzied AS, Ahemad N, Anwar S. Targeting Breast Cancer Signaling via Phytomedicine and Nanomedicine. Pharmacology 2023; 108:504-520. [PMID: 37748454 DOI: 10.1159/000531802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of breast cancer (BC) and how it responds to treatment have both been linked to the involvement of inflammation. Chronic inflammation is critical in carcinogenesis, leading to elevated DNA damage, impaired DNA repair machinery, cell growth, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and invasion. Studies have found several targets that selectively modulate inflammation in cancer, limit BC's growth, and boost treatment effectiveness. Drug resistance and the absence of efficient therapeutics for metastatic and triple-negative BC contribute to the poor outlook of BC patients. SUMMARY To treat BC, small-molecule inhibitors, phytomedicines, and nanoparticles are conjugated to attenuate BC signaling pathways. Due to their numerous target mechanisms and strong safety records, phytomedicines and nanomedicines have received much attention in studies examining their prospects as anti-BC agents by such unfulfilled demands. KEY MESSAGES The processes involved in the affiliation across the progression of tumors and the spread of inflammation are highlighted in this review. Furthermore, we included many drugs now undergoing clinical trials that target cancer-mediated inflammatory pathways, cutting-edge nanotechnology-derived delivery systems, and a variety of phytomedicines that presently address BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeba Ajgar Ansari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Government College of Pharmacy, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, India
| | - Jonaid Ahmad Malik
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, India
| | - Sakeel Ahmed
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, India
| | | | - Afreen Khanam
- Department of Pharmacology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Suhail Ahmad Mir
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Amr S Abouzied
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza, Egypt
| | - Nafees Ahemad
- School of Pharmacy, MONASH University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Sirajudheen Anwar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
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Harnessing the combined potential of cancer immunotherapy and nanomedicine: A new paradigm in cancer treatment. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2021; 40:102492. [PMID: 34775062 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2021.102492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has recently emerged as a rising star due to its ability to activate patients' immune systems to fight tumors and prevent relapse. Conversely, the interest in cancer nanomedicine has seemingly waned due to its lackluster clinical translation. Despite being hailed as a game-changer in oncology, cancer immunotherapy still faces numerous challenges. Combining both entities together has thus been one among several solutions proposed to circumvent these challenges. This solution has since gained traction and has also led to a renaissance of cancer nanomedicine. While most combinations are currently experimental at best, some have progressed on to clinical trials. This review thus seeks to examine the advantages and disadvantages of integrating both modalities as a cancer treatment. The opportunities, challenges and future directions of this emerging field will also be explored with the hope that such a combination will lead to a paradigm shift in cancer treatments.
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Mostafavi E, Medina-Cruz D, Vernet-Crua A, Chen J, Cholula-Díaz JL, Guisbiers G, Webster TJ. Green nanomedicine: the path to the next generation of nanomaterials for diagnosing brain tumors and therapeutics? Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2021; 18:715-736. [PMID: 33332168 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2021.1865306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Current brain cancer treatments, based on radiotherapy and chemotherapy, are sometimes successful, but they are not free of drawbacks.Areas covered: Traditional methods for the treatment of brain tumors are discussed here with new solutions presented, among which the application of nanotechnology has demonstrated promising results over the past decade. The traditional synthesis of nanostructures, which relies on the use of physicochemical methodologies are discussed, and their associated concerns in terms of environmental and health impact due to the production of toxic by-products, need for toxic catalysts, and their lack of biocompatibility are presented. An overview of the current situation for treating brain tumors using nanotechnological-based approaches is introduced, and some of the latest advances in the application of green nanomaterials (NMs) for the effective targeting of brain tumors are presented.Expert opinion: Green nanotechnology is introduced as a potential solution to toxic NMs through the application of environmentally friendly and cost-effective protocols using living organisms and biomolecules. The current status of this field, such as those involving clinical trials, is included, and the possible limitations of green-NMs and potential ways to avoid those limitations are discussed so that the field can potentially evolve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Mostafavi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - David Medina-Cruz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ada Vernet-Crua
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Junjiang Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Gregory Guisbiers
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Thomas J Webster
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
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5
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The effect of drug position on the properties of paclitaxel-conjugated gold nanoparticles for liver tumor treatment. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Hartshorn CM, Russell LM, Grodzinski P. National Cancer Institute Alliance for nanotechnology in cancer-Catalyzing research and translation toward novel cancer diagnostics and therapeutics. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 11:e1570. [PMID: 31257722 PMCID: PMC6788937 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has been a burgeoning research field, which is finding compelling applications in several practical areas of everyday life. It has provided novel, paradigm shifting solutions to medical problems and particularly to cancer. In order to accelerate integration of nanotechnology into cancer research and oncology, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) established the NCI Alliance for Nanotechnology in Cancer program in 2005. This effort brought together scientists representing physical sciences, chemistry, and engineering working at the nanoscale with biologists and clinicians working on cancer to form a uniquely multidisciplinary cancer nanotechnology research community. The last 14 years of the program have produced a remarkable body of scientific discovery and demonstrated its utility to the development of practical cancer interventions. This paper takes stock of how the Alliance program influenced melding of disparate research disciplines into the field of nanomedicine and cancer nanotechnology, has been highly productive in the scientific arena, and produced a mechanism of seamless transfer of novel technologies developed in academia to the clinical and commercial space. This article is categorized under: Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Regulatory and Policy Issues in Nanomedicine Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease Diagnostic Tools > in vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M. Hartshorn
- Nanodelivery Systems and Devices Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Luisa M. Russell
- Nanodelivery Systems and Devices Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Piotr Grodzinski
- Nanodelivery Systems and Devices Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
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Grodzinski P, Liu CH, Hartshorn CM, Morris SA, Russell LM. NCI Alliance for Nanotechnology in Cancer - from academic research to clinical interventions. Biomed Microdevices 2019; 21:32. [PMID: 30904965 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-019-0360-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The National Cancer Institute (NCI) of National Institutes of Health has funded and operated the NCI Alliance for Nanotechnology in Cancer - a large multi-disciplinary program which leverages research at the intersection of molecular biology, oncology, physics, chemistry, and engineering to develop innovative cancer interventions. The program has demonstrated that convergence of several scientific disciplines catalyzes innovation and progress in cancer nanotechnology and advances its clinical translation. This paper takes a look at last thirteen years of the Alliance program operations and delineates its outcomes, successes, and outlook for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Grodzinski
- Nanodelivery Systems and Devices Branch, Cancer Imaging Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.
| | - Christina H Liu
- Nanodelivery Systems and Devices Branch, Cancer Imaging Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Christopher M Hartshorn
- Nanodelivery Systems and Devices Branch, Cancer Imaging Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Stephanie A Morris
- NIH Office of Strategic Coordination, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20893, USA
| | - Luisa M Russell
- Nanodelivery Systems and Devices Branch, Cancer Imaging Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
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Tabassum N, Verma V, Kumar M, Kumar A, Singh B. Nanomedicine in cancer stem cell therapy: from fringe to forefront. Cell Tissue Res 2018; 374:427-438. [PMID: 30302547 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-018-2928-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nanomedicine is the spin-off of modern medicine and nanotechnology and aims to prevent and treat diseases using nanoscale materials such as biocompatible nanoparticles and nanorobots. Targeted cellular and tissue-specific clinical applications with maximal therapeutic effects and insignificant side effects could be achieved by the pursuit of nanotechnology in medicine and healthcare regimen. The majority of conventional cancer therapies eliminate the cells of the tumor but not the cancer stem cells (CSCs). Conversely, the use of nanotechnology in CSC-based therapies is an emerging field of biomedical sciences. This article summarizes the recent trends and application of nanomedicine especially in CSC therapy along with its limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazish Tabassum
- Centre of Biotechnology, Nehru Science Complex, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, 211002, India
| | - Vinod Verma
- Centre of Biotechnology, Nehru Science Complex, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, 211002, India.
| | - Manoj Kumar
- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health (NIREH), ICMR, Kamla Nehru Hospital Building, Bhopal, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Zoology, MLK Post Graduate College, Balrampur, India
| | - Birbal Singh
- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Regional Station, Palampur, India
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9
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Urie R, Ghosh D, Ridha I, Rege K. Inorganic Nanomaterials for Soft Tissue Repair and Regeneration. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2018; 20:353-374. [PMID: 29621404 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-071516-044457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic nanomaterials have witnessed significant advances in areas of medicine including cancer therapy, imaging, and drug delivery, but their use in soft tissue repair and regeneration is in its infancy. Metallic, ceramic, and carbon allotrope nanoparticles have shown promise in facilitating tissue repair and regeneration. Inorganic nanomaterials have been employed to improve stem cell engraftment in cellular therapy, material mechanical stability in tissue repair, electrical conductivity in nerve and cardiac regeneration, adhesion strength in tissue approximation, and antibacterial capacity in wound dressings. These nanomaterials have also been used to improve or replace common surgical materials and restore functionality to damaged tissue. We provide a comprehensive overview of inorganic nanomaterials in tissue repair and regeneration, and discuss their promise and limitations for eventual translation to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell Urie
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-6106, USA;
| | - Deepanjan Ghosh
- Department of Biological Design, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-6106, USA
| | - Inam Ridha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-6106, USA
| | - Kaushal Rege
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-6106, USA;
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10
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Hartshorn CM, Bradbury MS, Lanza GM, Nel AE, Rao J, Wang AZ, Wiesner UB, Yang L, Grodzinski P. Nanotechnology Strategies To Advance Outcomes in Clinical Cancer Care. ACS NANO 2018; 12:24-43. [PMID: 29257865 PMCID: PMC6589353 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b05108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Ongoing research into the application of nanotechnology for cancer treatment and diagnosis has demonstrated its advantages within contemporary oncology as well as its intrinsic limitations. The National Cancer Institute publishes the Cancer Nanotechnology Plan every 5 years since 2005. The most recent iteration helped codify the ongoing basic and translational efforts of the field and displayed its breadth with several evolving areas. From merely a technological perspective, this field has seen tremendous growth and success. However, an incomplete understanding of human cancer biology persists relative to the application of nanoscale materials within contemporary oncology. As such, this review presents several evolving areas in cancer nanotechnology in order to identify key clinical and biological challenges that need to be addressed to improve patient outcomes. From this clinical perspective, a sampling of the nano-enabled solutions attempting to overcome barriers faced by traditional therapeutics and diagnostics in the clinical setting are discussed. Finally, a strategic outlook of the future is discussed to highlight the need for next-generation cancer nanotechnology tools designed to address critical gaps in clinical cancer care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Hartshorn
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
- Corresponding Author,
| | - Michelle S Bradbury
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, New York, 10065, United States
| | - Gregory M Lanza
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63108, United States
| | - Andre E Nel
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jianghong Rao
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Andrew Z. Wang
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Ulrich B Wiesner
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14843, United States
| | - Lily Yang
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Piotr Grodzinski
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
- Corresponding Author,
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11
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Huang BW, Gao JQ. Application of 3D cultured multicellular spheroid tumor models in tumor-targeted drug delivery system research. J Control Release 2017; 270:246-259. [PMID: 29233763 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-targeted drug delivery systems are promising for their advantages in enhanced tumor accumulation and reduced toxicity towards normal organs. However, few nanomedicines have been successfully translated into clinical application. One reason is the gap between current pre-clinical and clinical studies. The prevalent in vitro models utilized in pre-clinical phase are mainly based on the two-dimensional (2D) cell culture and are limited by the difficulty of simulating three-dimensional physiological conditions in human body, such as three-dimensional (3D) architecture, cell heterogeneity, nutrient gradients and the interaction between cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM). In addition, traditional animal models have drawbacks such as high-cost, long periods and physiological differences between animal and human. On the other hand, the employment of 3D tumor cell culture models, especially multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTS), has increased significantly in recent decades. These models have been shown to simulate 3D structures of tumors in vitro with relatively low cost and simple protocols. Currently, MCTS have also been widely exploited in drug delivery system research for comprehensive study of drug efficacy, drug penetration, receptor targeting, and cell recruitment abilities. This review summarizes the delivery barriers for nano-carriers presented in tumor microenvironment, the characteristics and formation methods for applicable multicellular tumor spheroid culture models and recent studies related to their applications in tumor-targeted drug delivery system research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bu-Wei Huang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, MD 21231, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jian-Qing Gao
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
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12
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Zhang Y, Dang M, Tian Y, Zhu Y, Liu W, Tian W, Su Y, Ni Q, Xu C, Lu N, Tao J, Li Y, Zhao S, Zhao Y, Yang Z, Sun L, Teng Z, Lu G. Tumor Acidic Microenvironment Targeted Drug Delivery Based on pHLIP-Modified Mesoporous Organosilica Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:30543-30552. [PMID: 28809111 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b10840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Enhancing the tumor-targeting delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs is important yet challenging for improving therapeutic efficacy and reducing the side effects. Here, we first construct a drug delivery system for targeting tumor acidic microenvironment by modification of pH (low) insertion peptide (pHLIP) on mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles (MONs). The MONs has thioether-bridged framework, uniform diameter (60 nm), good biocompatibility, and high doxorubicin (DOX) loading capacity (334 mg/g). The DOX loaded in the pHLIP modified MONs can be released responsive to glutathione and low pH circumstance, ensuring the chemotherapeutic drug exerts higher cytotoxic effects to cancer cells than normal cells because of high intracellular GSH of tumor cells and low pH of tumor microenvironment. Moreover, the engineered MONs exhibit higher cellular uptake in pH 6.5 medium by MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells than the particles decorated with polyethylene glycol (PEG). Importantly, the pHLIP-mosaic MONs with DOX displays better cytotoxic effects against the breast cancer cells in pH 6.5 medium than pH 7.4 medium. The in vivo experiments demonstrate that the pHLIP modified MONs are accumulated in the orthotopic breast cancer via targeting to acidic tumor microenvironment while no serious pathogenic effects was observed. After loading DOX, the pHLIP-modified MONs display better therapeutic effects than the control groups on the growth of MCF-7 breast cancers, showing promise for enhancing chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlei Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine , Nanjing, 210002 Jiangsu P.R. China
| | - Meng Dang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Ying Tian
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine , Nanjing, 210002 Jiangsu P.R. China
| | - Yefei Zhu
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, 210011 Jiangsu P.R. China
| | - Wenfei Liu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine , Nanjing, 210002 Jiangsu P.R. China
| | - Wei Tian
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine , Nanjing, 210002 Jiangsu P.R. China
| | - Yunyan Su
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine , Nanjing, 210002 Jiangsu P.R. China
| | - Qianqian Ni
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine , Nanjing, 210002 Jiangsu P.R. China
| | - Chaoli Xu
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine , Nanjing, 210002 Jiangsu P.R. China
| | - Nan Lu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine , Nanjing, 210002 Jiangsu P.R. China
| | - Jun Tao
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Yanjun Li
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine , Nanjing, 210002 Jiangsu P.R. China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine , Nanjing, 210002 Jiangsu P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine , Nanjing, 210002 Jiangsu P.R. China
| | - Zhenlu Yang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine , Nanjing, 210002 Jiangsu P.R. China
| | - Li Sun
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, 210011 Jiangsu P.R. China
| | - Zhaogang Teng
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine , Nanjing, 210002 Jiangsu P.R. China
| | - Guangming Lu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine , Nanjing, 210002 Jiangsu P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing, 210093 Jiangsu P.R. China
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Exploiting the cancer niche: Tumor-associated macrophages and hypoxia as promising synergistic targets for nano-based therapy. J Control Release 2017; 253:82-96. [PMID: 28285930 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Revised: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment has been widely exploited as an active participant in tumor progression. Extensive reports have defined the dual role of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in tumor development. The protumoral effect exerted by the M2 phenotype has been correlated with a negative outcome in most solid tumors. The high infiltration of immune cells in the hypoxic cores of advanced solid tumors leads to a chain reaction of stimuli that enhances the expression of protumoral genes, thrives tumor malignancy, and leads to the emergence of drug resistance. Many studies have shown therapeutic targeting systems, solely to TAMs or tumor hypoxia, however, novel therapeutics that target both features are still warranted. In the present review, we discuss the role of hypoxia in tumor development and the clinical outcome of hypoxia-targeted therapeutics, such as hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1) inhibitors and hypoxia-activated prodrugs. Furthermore, we review the state-of-the-art of macrophage-based cancer therapy. We thoroughly discuss the development of novel therapeutics that simultaneously target TAMs and tumor hypoxia. Nano-based systems have been highlighted as interesting strategies for dual modality treatments, with somewhat improved tissue extravasation. Such approach could be seen as a promising strategy to overcome drug resistance and enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy in advanced solid and metastatic tumors, especially when exploiting cell-based nanotherapies. Finally, we provide an in-depth opinion on the importance of exploiting the tumor microenvironment in cancer therapy, and how this could be translated to clinical practice.
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Sayour EJ, De Leon G, Pham C, Grippin A, Kemeny H, Chua J, Huang J, Sampson JH, Sanchez-Perez L, Flores C, Mitchell DA. Systemic activation of antigen-presenting cells via RNA-loaded nanoparticles. Oncoimmunology 2016; 6:e1256527. [PMID: 28197373 PMCID: PMC5283636 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1256527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
While RNA-pulsed dendritic cell (DC) vaccines have shown promise, the advancement of cellular therapeutics is fraught with developmental challenges. To circumvent the challenges of cellular immunotherapeutics, we developed clinically translatable nanoliposomes that can be combined with tumor-derived RNA to generate personalized tumor RNA-nanoparticles (NPs) with considerable scale-up capacity. RNA-NPs bypass MHC restriction, are amenable to central distribution, and can provide near immediate immune induction. We screened commercially available nanoliposomal preparations and identified the cationic lipid 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DOTAP) as an efficient mRNA courier to antigen-presenting cells (APCs). When administered intravenously, RNA-NPs mediate systemic activation of APCs in reticuloendothelial organs such as the spleen, liver, and bone marrow. RNA-NPs increase percent expression of MHC class I/II, B7 co-stimulatory molecules, and maturation markers on APCs (all vital for T-cell activation). RNA-NPs also increase activation markers on tumor APCs and elicit potent expansion of antigen-specific T-cells superior to peptide vaccines formulated in complete Freund's adjuvant. We demonstrate that both model antigen-encoding and physiologically-relevant tumor-derived RNA-NPs expand potent antitumor T-cell immunity. RNA-NPs were shown to induce antitumor efficacy in a vaccine model and functioned as a suitable alternative to DCs in a stringent cellular immunotherapy model for a radiation/temozolomide resistant invasive murine high-grade glioma. Although cancer vaccines have suffered from weak immunogenicity, we have advanced a RNA-NP formulation that systemically activates host APCs precipitating activated T-cell frequencies necessary to engender antitumor efficacy. RNA-NPs can thus be harnessed as a more feasible and effective immunotherapy to re-program host-immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias J Sayour
- Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, UF Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Gabriel De Leon
- Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, UF Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Christina Pham
- Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, UF Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Adam Grippin
- Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, UF Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Hanna Kemeny
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, NC, USA
| | - Joshua Chua
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jianping Huang
- Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, UF Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - John H Sampson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, NC, USA
| | - Luis Sanchez-Perez
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, NC, USA
| | - Catherine Flores
- Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, UF Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Duane A Mitchell
- Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, UF Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL, USA
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Jones SK, Merkel OM. Tackling breast cancer chemoresistance with nano-formulated siRNA. Gene Ther 2016; 23:821-828. [PMID: 27648580 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2016.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cancer diagnosed in women and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women. Current limitations to standard chemotherapy in the clinic are extensively researched, including problems arising from repeated treatments with the same drugs. The phenomenon that cancer cells become resistant toward certain chemo drugs is called chemotherapy resistance. In this review, we are focusing on nanoformulation of siRNA for the fight against breast cancer chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Jones
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - O M Merkel
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
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16
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Feng Q, Sun J, Jiang X. Microfluidics-mediated assembly of functional nanoparticles for cancer-related pharmaceutical applications. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:12430-43. [PMID: 26864887 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr07964k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The controlled synthesis of functional nanoparticles with tunable structures and properties has been extensively investigated for cancer treatment and diagnosis. Among a variety of methods for fabrication of nanoparticles, microfluidics-based synthesis enables enhanced mixing and precise fluidic modulation inside microchannels, thus allowing for the flow-mediated production of nanoparticles in a controllable manner. This review focuses on recent advances of using microfluidic devices for the synthesis of drug-loaded nanoparticles with specific characteristics (such as size, composite, surface modification, structure and rigidity) for enhanced cancer treatment and diagnosis as well as to investigate the bio-nanoparticle interaction. The discussion on microfluidics-based synthesis may shed light on the rational design of functional nanoparticles for cancer-related pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Feng
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology & CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.
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Attia RT, Tolba MF, Trivedi R, Tadros MG, Arafa HMM, Abdel-Naim AB. The chemomodulatory effects of glufosfamide on docetaxel cytotoxicity in prostate cancer cells. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2168. [PMID: 27413637 PMCID: PMC4933087 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Glufosfamide (GLU) is a glucose conjugate of ifosfamide in which isophosphoramide mustard is glycosidically linked to the β-D-glucose molecule. Based on GLU structure, it is considered a targeted chemotherapy with fewer side effects. The main objective of the current study is to assess the cytotoxic potential of GLU for the first time in prostate cancer (PC) cells representing different stages of the tumor. Furthermore, this study examined the potential synergistic activity of GLU in combination with docetaxel (DOC). Methods. Two different cell lines were used, LNCaP and PC-3. Concentration-response curves were assessed. The tested groups per cell line were, control, GLU, DOC and combination. Treatment duration was 72 h. Cytotoxicity was assessed using sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay and half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was calculated. Synergy analyses were performed using Calcusyn®software. Subsequent mechanistic studies included β-glucosidase activity assay, glucose uptake and apoptosis studies, namely annexin V-FITC assay and the protein expression of mitochondrial pathway signals including Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase 9 and 3 were assessed. Data are presented as mean ± SD; comparisons were carried out using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey-Kramer’s test for post hoc analysis. Results. GLU induced cytotoxicity in both cell lines in a concentration-dependent manner. The IC50 in PC-3 cells was significantly lower by 19% when compared to that of LNCaP cells. The IC50 of combining both drugs showed comparable effect to DOC in PC-3 but was tremendously lowered by 49% compared to the same group in LNCaP cell line. β-glucosidase activity was higher in LNCaP by about 67% compared to that determined in PC-3 cells while the glucose uptake in PC-3 cells was almost 2 folds that found in LNCaP cells. These results were directly correlated to the efficacy of GLU in each cell line. Treatment of PC cells with GLU as single agent or in combination with DOC induced significantly higher apoptosis as evidenced by Annexin V-staining. Apoptosis was significantly increased in combination group by 4.9 folds and by 2.1 Folds when compared to control in LNCaP cells and PC-3 cells; respectively. Similarly, the expression of Bcl-2 was significantly decreased while Bax, caspase 9 and 3 were significantly increased in the combined treatment groups compared to the control. Conclusion. GLU has a synergistic effect in combination with DOC as it increases the cell kill which can be attributed at least partially to apoptosis in both the tested cell lines and it is suggested as a new combination regimen to be considered in the treatment of the prostate cancer. Further experiments and clinical investigations are needed for assessment of that regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem T Attia
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt (FUE) , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Mai F Tolba
- Biology Department, The School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ruchit Trivedi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center , Aurora , CO , United States
| | - Mariane G Tadros
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Hossam M M Arafa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Ashraf B Abdel-Naim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University , Cairo , Egypt
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Lakshmanan VK. Therapeutic efficacy of nanomedicines for prostate cancer: An update. Investig Clin Urol 2016; 57:21-9. [PMID: 26966723 PMCID: PMC4778751 DOI: 10.4111/icu.2016.57.1.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in cancer nanomedicine have attracted remarkable attention in medical sectors. Pharmacologic research on nanomedicines, including targeted cancer therapy, has increased dramatically in the past 5 years. The success stories of nanomedicines in the clinical field include the fabrication of nanomedicines that show maximum loading efficiency into carriers, maximal release kinetics, and minimum toxicity to healthy cells. Nanoparticle-mediated medicines have been developed to specifically target prostate cancer tissue by use of aptamers, antibody targeting, and sustained release of nanomedicines in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Nanomedicines have been developed for therapeutic application in combination with image-guided therapy in real time. The scope of one of these nanomedicines, Abraxane (paclitaxel), may be extended to prostate cancer therapeutic applications for better quality of patient life and longer survival. This review provides an update on the latest directions and developments in nanomedicines for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinoth-Kumar Lakshmanan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
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Khan S, Ansari AA, Khan AA, Abdulla M, Obeed OA, Ahmad R. In vitro evaluation of anticancer and biological activities of synthesized manganese oxide nanoparticles. MEDCHEMCOMM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6md00219f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents the results from a systematic study into the characterization and anticancer and biological activity of synthesized super-paramagnetic manganese oxide nanoparticles (Mn3O4-NPs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahanavaj Khan
- Nanomedicine & Biotechnology Research Unit
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- College of Pharmacy
- King Saud University
- Riyadh 11451
| | - Anees A. Ansari
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology
- King Saud University
- Riyadh 11451
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Arif Khan
- Nanomedicine & Biotechnology Research Unit
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- College of Pharmacy
- King Saud University
- Riyadh 11451
| | - Maha Abdulla
- Colorectal Research Center
- College of Medicine King Saud University King
- Riyadh 11451
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Al- Obeed
- Colorectal Research Center
- College of Medicine King Saud University King
- Riyadh 11451
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Rehan Ahmad
- Colorectal Research Center
- College of Medicine King Saud University King
- Riyadh 11451
- Saudi Arabia
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21
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Pierce RL. Translational nanomedicine – through the therapeutic window. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015; 10:3249-60. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.15.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Translational nanomedicine occurs only through the successful integration of multiple inputs and iterative modifications. The therapeutic window plays a pivotal role in the trajectory of translational nanomedicine. Often defined in terms of the range of dosage for safe and effective therapeutic effect, a second definition of the therapeutic window refers to the often narrow temporal window in which a therapeutic effect can be obtained. Expanding the second definition to explicitly include the spatial dimension, this article explores aspects of the therapeutic spaces created by nanomedicine that shift the traditional dimensions of symptom, sign and pathology. This article analyzes three aspects of the therapeutic window in nanomedicine – temporal, spatial and manner of construction and their impact on the dimensions of modern medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin L Pierce
- Harvard Law School, Petrie-Flom Center for Health Law & Policy, Biotechnology & Bioethics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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Cyclic-RGDfK peptide conjugated succinoyl-TPGS nanomicelles for targeted delivery of docetaxel to integrin receptor over-expressing angiogenic tumours. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2015; 11:1511-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Revised: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Friberg S, Nyström AM. Nanotechnology in the war against cancer: new arms against an old enemy – a clinical view. Future Oncol 2015; 11:1961-75. [DOI: 10.2217/fon.15.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Clinical oncology is facing a paradigm shift. A new treatment philosophy is emerging and new targets are appearing that require new active agents. The medical use of nanotechnology – nanomedicine – holds several promising possibilities in the war against cancer. Some of these include: new formats for old drugs, that is, increasing efficacy while diminishing side effects; and new administration routes – that is, dermal, oral and pulmonary. In this overview, we describe some nanoparticles and their medical uses as well as highlight advantages of nanoparticles compared with conventional pharmaceuticals. We also point to some of the many technical challenges and potential risks with using nanotechnology for oncological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sten Friberg
- Swedish Medical Nanoscience Center, Department of Neuroscience, Retzius väg 8, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas M Nyström
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nobels väg 13, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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Sayour EJ, Sanchez-Perez L, Flores C, Mitchell DA. Bridging infectious disease vaccines with cancer immunotherapy: a role for targeted RNA based immunotherapeutics. J Immunother Cancer 2015; 3:13. [PMID: 25901285 PMCID: PMC4404652 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-015-0058-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-specific immunotherapy holds the promise of eradicating malignant tumors with exquisite precision without additional toxicity to standard treatments. Cancer immunotherapy has conventionally relied on cell-mediated immunity while successful infectious disease vaccines have been shown to induce humoral immunity. Efficacious cancer immunotherapeutics likely require both cellular and humoral responses, and RNA based cancer vaccines are especially suited to stimulate both arms of the immune system. RNA is inherently immunogenic, inducing innate immune responses to initiate cellular and humoral adaptive immunity, but has limited utility based on its poor in vivo stability. Early work utilized ‘naked’ RNA vaccines, whereas more recent efforts have attempted to encapsulate RNA thereby protecting it from degradation. However, feasibility has been limited by a lack of defined and safe targeting mechanisms for the in vivo delivery of stabilized RNA. As new cancer antigens come to the forefront with novel RNA encapsulation and targeting techniques, RNA vaccines may prove to be a vital, safe and robust method to initiate patient-specific anti-tumor efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias J Sayour
- Department of Neurosurgery, UF Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, Fl USA ; Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC USA
| | - Luis Sanchez-Perez
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC USA
| | - Catherine Flores
- Department of Neurosurgery, UF Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, Fl USA
| | - Duane A Mitchell
- Department of Neurosurgery, UF Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, Fl USA
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25
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Sulaiman MK, Chu Z, Blanco VM, Vallabhapurapu SD, Franco RS, Qi X. SapC-DOPS nanovesicles induce Smac- and Bax-dependent apoptosis through mitochondrial activation in neuroblastomas. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:78. [PMID: 25889084 PMCID: PMC4397704 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0336-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High toxicity, morbidity and secondary malignancy render chemotherapy of neuroblastoma inefficient, prompting the search for novel compounds. Nanovesicles offer great promise in imaging and treatment of cancer. SapC-DOPS, a stable nanovesicle formed from the lysosomal protein saposin C and dioleoylphosphatidylserine possess strong affinity for abundantly exposed surface phosphatidylserine on cancer cells. Here, we show that SapC-DOPS effectively targets and suppresses neuroblastoma growth and elucidate the molecular mechanism of SapC-DOPS action in neuroblastoma in vitro. METHODS In vivo targeting of neuroblastoma was assessed in xenograft mice injected intravenously with fluorescently-labeled SapC-DOPS. Xenografted tumors were also used to demonstrate its therapeutic efficacy. Apoptosis induction in vivo was evaluated in tumor sections using the TUNEL assay. The mechanisms underlying the induction of apoptosis by SapC-DOPS were addressed through measurements of cell viability, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨM), flow cytometric DNA fragmentation assays and by immunoblot analysis of second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (Smac), Bax, Cytochrome c (Cyto c) and Caspase-3 in the cytosol or in mitochondrial fractions of cultured neuroblastoma cells. RESULTS SapC-DOPS showed specific targeting and prevented the growth of human neuroblastoma xenografts in mice. In neuroblastoma cells in vitro, apoptosis occurred via a series of steps that included: (1) loss of ΔΨM and increased mitochondrial superoxide formation; (2) cytosolic release of Smac, Cyto c, AIF; and (3) mitochondrial translocation and polymerization of Bax. ShRNA-mediated Smac knockdown and V5 peptide-mediated Bax inhibition decreased cytosolic Smac and Cyto c release along with caspase activation and abrogated apoptosis, indicating that Smac and Bax are critical mediators of SapC-DOPS action. Similarly, pretreatment with the mitochondria-stabilizing agent bongkrekic acid decreased apoptosis indicating that loss of ΔΨM is critical for SapC-DOPS activity. Apoptosis induction was not critically dependent on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and Cyclophilin D, since pretreatment with N-acetyl cysteine and cyclosporine A, respectively, did not prevent Smac or Cyto c release. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results indicate that SapC-DOPS acts through a mitochondria-mediated pathway accompanied by an early release of Smac and Bax. Specific tumor-targeting capacity and anticancer efficacy of SapC-DOPS supports its potential as a dual imaging and therapeutic agent in neuroblastoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahaboob K Sulaiman
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
| | - Zhengtao Chu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
- Divison of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
| | - Victor M Blanco
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
| | - Subrahmanya D Vallabhapurapu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
| | - Robert S Franco
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
| | - Xiaoyang Qi
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
- Divison of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
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Uckun FM, Ma H, Cheng J, Myers DE, Qazi S. CD22ΔE12 as a molecular target for RNAi therapy. Br J Haematol 2015; 169:401-14. [PMID: 25659406 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.13306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (BPL) is the most common form of cancer in children and adolescents. Our recent studies have demonstrated that CD22ΔE12 is a characteristic genetic defect of therapy-refractory clones in paediatric BPL and implicated the CD22ΔE12 genetic defect in the aggressive biology of relapsed or therapy-refractory paediatric BPL. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the biological significance of the CD22ΔE12 molecular lesion in BPL and determine if it could serve as a molecular target for RNA interference (RNAi) therapy. Here we report a previously unrecognized causal link between CD22ΔE12 and aggressive biology of human BPL cells by demonstrating that siRNA-mediated knockdown of CD22ΔE12 in primary leukaemic B-cell precursors is associated with a marked inhibition of their clonogenicity. Additionally, we report a nanoscale liposomal formulation of CD22ΔE12-specific siRNA with potent in vitro and in vivo anti-leukaemic activity against primary human BPL cells as a first-in-class RNAi therapeutic candidate targeting CD22ΔE12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih M Uckun
- Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, Children's Hospital Los Angeles (CHLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine (USC KSOM), Los Angeles, CA, USA; Translational and Clinical Sciences Program, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine (USC KSOM), Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Rhoda K, Choonara YE, Kumar P, Bijukumar D, du Toit LC, Pillay V. Potential nanotechnologies and molecular targets in the quest for efficient chemotherapy in ovarian cancer. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2014; 12:613-34. [PMID: 25300775 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2015.970162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ovarian cancer, considered one of the most fatal gynecological cancers, goes largely undiagnosed until metastasis presents itself, usually once the patient is in the final stages and thus, too late for worthwhile therapy. Targeting this elusive disease in its early stages would improve the outcome for most patients, while the information generated thereof would increase the possibility of preventative mechanisms of therapy. AREAS COVERED This review discusses various molecular targets as possible moieties to be incorporated in a holistic drug delivery system or the more aptly termed 'theranostic' system. These molecular targets can be used for targeting, visualizing, diagnosing, and ultimately, treating ovarian cancer in its entirety. Currently implemented nanoframeworks, such as nanomicelles and nanoliposomes, are described and the effectiveness of nanostructures in tumor targeting, treatment functions, and overcoming the drug resistance challenge is discussed. EXPERT OPINION Novel nanotechnology strategies such as the development of nanoframeworks decorated with targeted ligands of a molecular nature may provide an efficient chemotherapy, especially when instituted in combination with imaging, diagnostic, and ultimately, therapeutic moieties. An imperative aspect of utilizing nanotechnology in the treatment of ovarian cancer is the flexibility of the drug delivery system and its ability to overcome standard obstacles such as: i) successfully treating the desired cells through direct targeting; ii) reducing toxicity levels of treatment by achieving direct targeting; and iii) delivery of targeted therapy using an efficient vehicle that is exceptionally degradable in response to a particular stimulus. The targeting of ovarian cancer in its early stages using imaging and diagnostic nanotechnology is an area that can be improved upon by combining therapeutic moieties with molecular biomarkers. The nanotechnology and molecular markers mentioned in this review have generally been used for either imaging or diagnostics, and have not yet been successfully implemented into bi-functional tools, which it is hoped, should eventually include a therapeutic aspect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadija Rhoda
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193 , South Africa
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Toy R, Bauer L, Hoimes C, Ghaghada KB, Karathanasis E. Targeted nanotechnology for cancer imaging. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 76:79-97. [PMID: 25116445 PMCID: PMC4169743 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Targeted nanoparticle imaging agents provide many benefits and new opportunities to facilitate accurate diagnosis of cancer and significantly impact patient outcome. Due to the highly engineerable nature of nanotechnology, targeted nanoparticles exhibit significant advantages including increased contrast sensitivity, binding avidity and targeting specificity. Considering the various nanoparticle designs and their adjustable ability to target a specific site and generate detectable signals, nanoparticles can be optimally designed in terms of biophysical interactions (i.e., intravascular and interstitial transport) and biochemical interactions (i.e., targeting avidity towards cancer-related biomarkers) for site-specific detection of very distinct microenvironments. This review seeks to illustrate that the design of a nanoparticle dictates its in vivo journey and targeting of hard-to-reach cancer sites, facilitating early and accurate diagnosis and interrogation of the most aggressive forms of cancer. We will report various targeted nanoparticles for cancer imaging using X-ray computed tomography, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, nuclear imaging and optical imaging. Finally, to realize the full potential of targeted nanotechnology for cancer imaging, we will describe the challenges and opportunities for the clinical translation and widespread adaptation of targeted nanoparticles imaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randall Toy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Case Center for Imaging Research, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Lisa Bauer
- Case Center for Imaging Research, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Christopher Hoimes
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Ketan B Ghaghada
- Edward B. Singleton Department of Pediatric Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Efstathios Karathanasis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Case Center for Imaging Research, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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Sagnella SM, McCarroll JA, Kavallaris M. Drug delivery: Beyond active tumour targeting. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2014; 10:1131-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2014.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Tian M, Lu W, Zhang R, Xiong C, Ensor J, Nazario J, Jackson J, Shaw C, Dixon KA, Miller J, Wright K, Li C, Gupta S. Tumor uptake of hollow gold nanospheres after intravenous and intra-arterial injection: PET/CT study in a rabbit VX2 liver cancer model. Mol Imaging Biol 2014; 15:614-24. [PMID: 23608932 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-013-0635-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was designed to investigate the intratumoral uptake of hollow gold nanospheres (HAuNS) after hepatic intra-arterial (IA) and intravenous (IV) injection in a liver tumor model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifteen VX2 tumor-bearing rabbits were randomized into five groups (n = 3 in each group) that received either IV (64)Cu-labeled PEG-HAuNS (IV-PEG-HAuNS), IA (64)Cu-labeled PEG-HAuNS (IA-PEG-HAuNS), IV cyclic peptide (RGD)-conjugated (64)Cu-labeled PEG-HAuNS (IV-RGD-PEG-HAuNS), IA RGD-conjugated (64)Cu-labeled PEG-HAuNS (IA-RGD-PEG-HAuNS), or IA (64)Cu-labeled PEG-HAuNS with lipiodol (IA-PEG-HAuNS-lipiodol). The animals underwent PET/CT 1 h after injection, and uptake expressed as percentage of injected dose per gram of tissue (%ID/g) was measured in tumor and major organs. The animals were euthanized 24 h after injection, and tissues were evaluated for radioactivity. RESULTS At 1 h after injection, animals in the IA-PEG-HAuNS-lipiodol group showed significantly higher tumor uptake (P < 0.001) and higher ratios of tumor-to-normal liver uptake (P < 0.001) than those in all other groups. The biodistribution of radioactivity 24 h after injection showed that IA delivery of PEG-HAuNS with lipiodol resulted in the highest tumor uptake (0.33 %ID/g; P < 0.001) and tumor-to-normal liver ratio (P < 0.001) among all delivery methods. At 24 h, the IA-RGD-PEG-HAuNS group showed higher tumor uptake than the IA-PEG-HAuNS group (0.20 vs. 0.099 %ID/g; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Adding iodized oil to IA-PEG-HAuNS maximizes nanoparticle delivery to hepatic tumors and therefore may be useful in targeted chemotherapy and photoablative therapy. PET/CT can be used to noninvasively monitor the biodistribution of radiolabeled HAuNS after IV or IA injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Tian
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic Imaging, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA,
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Shahbazi MA, Herranz B, Santos HA. Nanostructured porous Si-based nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery. BIOMATTER 2014; 2:296-312. [PMID: 23507894 PMCID: PMC3568114 DOI: 10.4161/biom.22347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
One of the backbones in nanomedicine is to deliver drugs specifically to unhealthy cells. Drug nanocarriers can cross physiological barriers and access different tissues, which after proper surface biofunctionalization can enhance cell specificity for cancer therapy. Recent developments have highlighted the potential of mesoporous silica (PSiO2) and silicon (PSi) nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery. In this review, we outline and discuss the most recent advances on the applications and developments of cancer therapies by means of PSiO2 and PSi nanomaterials. Bio-engineering and fine tuning of anti-cancer drug vehicles, high flexibility and potential for sophisticated release mechanisms make these nanostructures promising candidates for “smart” cancer therapies. As a result of their physicochemical properties they can be controllably loaded with large amounts of drugs and coupled to homing molecules to facilitate active targeting. The main emphasis of this review will be on the in vitro and in vivo studies.
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De Nicola A, Hezaveh S, Zhao Y, Kawakatsu T, Roccatano D, Milano G. Micellar drug nanocarriers and biomembranes: how do they interact? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:5093-105. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp54242d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Sagnella SM, Duong H, MacMillan A, Boyer C, Whan R, McCarroll JA, Davis TP, Kavallaris M. Dextran-Based Doxorubicin Nanocarriers with Improved Tumor Penetration. Biomacromolecules 2013; 15:262-75. [DOI: 10.1021/bm401526d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon M. Sagnella
- Children’s
Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, P.O. Box 81, Randwick, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | - Joshua A. McCarroll
- Children’s
Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, P.O. Box 81, Randwick, Australia
| | - Thomas P. Davis
- Monash
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Kavallaris
- Children’s
Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, P.O. Box 81, Randwick, Australia
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Ehmann F, Sakai-Kato K, Duncan R, Hernán Pérez de la Ossa D, Pita R, Vidal JM, Kohli A, Tothfalusi L, Sanh A, Tinton S, Robert JL, Silva Lima B, Amati MP. Next-generation nanomedicines and nanosimilars: EU regulators' initiatives relating to the development and evaluation of nanomedicines. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2013; 8:849-56. [PMID: 23656268 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.13.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last three decades many first-generation nanomedicines have successfully entered routine clinical use and it is now important for medicines regulatory agencies to consider the mechanisms needed to ensure safe introduction of 'follow-on' nanomedicine products, 'nanosimilars'. Moreover, drug regulators need to ensure that 'next'-generation nanomedicines enter clinical development and consequently the market in a safe and timely way for the benefit of public health. Here we review recent European Medicines Agency activities that relate to the effective development and evaluation of nanomedicine products while keeping patient and consumer safety at the forefront.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falk Ehmann
- Nanomedicines Drafting Group, European Medicines Agency, 7 Westferry Circus, Canary Wharf, London, E14 4HB, UK.
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Gaillard PJ, Visser CC, de Boer M, Appeldoorn CCM, Rip J. Blood-to-Brain Drug Delivery Using Nanocarriers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-9105-7_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Duncan R, Sat-Klopsch YN, Burger AM, Bibby MC, Fiebig HH, Sausville EA. Validation of tumour models for use in anticancer nanomedicine evaluation: the EPR effect and cathepsin B-mediated drug release rate. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2013; 72:417-27. [PMID: 23797686 PMCID: PMC3718995 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-013-2209-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Intravenously (i.v.) administered nanomedicines have the potential for tumour targeting due to the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, but in vivo tumour models are rarely calibrated with respect to functional vascular permeability and/or mechanisms controlling intratumoural drug release. Here the effect of tumour type and tumour size on EPR-mediated tumour localisation and cathepsin B-mediated drug release was studied. Methods Evans Blue (10 mg/kg) and an N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymer–doxorubicin (Dox) conjugate (FCE28068) (5 mg/kg Dox-equiv) were used as probes and tumour levels (and Dox release) measured at 1 h after i.v. administration in a panel of murine and human xenograft tumours. Results Evans Blue and FCE28068 displayed similar tumour levels in the range of 2–18 % dose/g at 1 h for B16F10 and L1210. Approximately half of the tumour models evaluated exhibited tumour size-dependent accumulation of FCE28068; smaller tumours had the highest accumulation. Administration of free Dox (5 mg/kg) produced tumour levels of <2.5 % dose/g independent of tumour size. Whereas the degree of EPR-mediated targeting showed ~12-fold difference across the tumour models evaluated, Dox release from FCE28068 at 1 h displayed ~200-fold variation. Conclusions Marked heterogeneity was seen in terms of EPR effect and Dox release rate, underlining the need to carefully calibrate tumour models used to benchmark nanomedicines against known relevant standard agents and for optimal development of strategies for late pre-clinical and clinical development. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00280-013-2209-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Duncan
- Centre for Polymer Therapeutics, The School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, UK.
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Targeting nanotherapeutics to the tumor microenvironment: how accurately can we aim? Ther Deliv 2013; 4:771-3. [DOI: 10.4155/tde.13.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Intelligent design of multifunctional lipid-coated nanoparticle platforms for cancer therapy. Ther Deliv 2013; 3:1429-45. [PMID: 23323560 DOI: 10.4155/tde.12.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology is rapidly evolving and dramatically changing the paradigms of drug delivery. The small sizes, unique chemical properties, large surface areas, structural diversity and multifunctionality of nanoparticles prove to be greatly advantageous for combating notoriously therapeutically evasive diseases such as cancer. Multifunctional nanoparticles have been designed to enhance tumor uptake through either passive or active targeting, while also avoiding reticuloendothelial system uptake through the incorporation of PEG onto the surface. First-generation nanoparticle systems, such as liposomes, are good carriers for drugs and nucleic acid therapeutics, although they have some limitations. These lipid bilayers are now being utilized as excellent carriers for drug-loaded, solid core particles such as iron oxide, mesoporus silica and calcium phosphate. In this article, their design, as well as their multifunctional role in cancer therapy are discussed.
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Song W, Li M, Tang Z, Li Q, Yang Y, Liu H, Duan T, Hong H, Chen X. Methoxypoly(ethylene glycol)-block-Poly(L-glutamic acid)-Loaded Cisplatin and a Combination With iRGD for the Treatment of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancers. Macromol Biosci 2012; 12:1514-23. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201200145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Revised: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Aravind A, Yoshida Y, Maekawa T, Kumar DS. Aptamer-conjugated polymeric nanoparticles for targeted cancer therapy. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2012; 2:418-36. [DOI: 10.1007/s13346-012-0104-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Duncan R, Richardson SCW. Endocytosis and intracellular trafficking as gateways for nanomedicine delivery: opportunities and challenges. Mol Pharm 2012; 9:2380-402. [PMID: 22844998 DOI: 10.1021/mp300293n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
More than 40 nanomedicines are already in routine clinical use with a growing number following in preclinical and clinical development. The therapeutic objectives are often enhanced disease-specific targeting (with simultaneously reduced access to sites of toxicity) and, especially in the case of macromolecular biotech drugs, improving access to intracellular pharmacological target receptors. Successful navigation of the endocytic pathways is usually a prerequisite to achieve these goals. Thus a comprehensive understanding of endocytosis and intracellular trafficking pathways in both the target and bystander normal cell type(s) is essential to enable optimal nanomedicine design. It is becoming evident that endocytic pathways can become disregulated in disease and this, together with the potential changes induced during exposure to the nanocarrier itself, has the potential to significantly impact nanomedicine performance in terms of safety and efficacy. Here we overview the endomembrane trafficking pathways, discuss the methods used to determine and quantitate the intracellular fate of nanomedicines, and review the current status of lysosomotropic and endosomotropic delivery. Based on the lessons learned during more than 3 decades of clinical development, the need to use endocytosis-relevant clinical biomarkers to better select those patients most likely to benefit from nanomedicine therapy is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Duncan
- School of Science, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK.
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Combination effects of docetaxel and Doxorubicin in hormone-refractory prostate cancer cells. Biochem Res Int 2012; 2012:832059. [PMID: 22811914 PMCID: PMC3395329 DOI: 10.1155/2012/832059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Combination effects of docetaxel (DOC) and doxorubicin (DOX) were investigated in prostate cancer cells (PC3 and DU145). Combination indices (CIs) were determined using the unified theory in various concentrations and mixing ratios (synergy: CI < 0.9, additivity: 0.9 < CI < 1.1, and antagonism: CI > 1.1). DOC showed a biphasic cytotoxicity pattern with the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) at the picomolar range for PC3 (0.598 nM) and DU145 (0.469 nM), following 72 h drug exposure. The IC50s of DOX were 908 nM and 343 nM for PC3 and DU145, respectively. Strong synergy was seen when PC3 was treated with DOC at concentrations lower than its IC50 values (0.125~0.5 nM) plus DOX (2~8 times IC50). Equipotent drug combination treatments (7 × 7) revealed that the DOC/DOX combination leads to high synergy and effective cell death only in a narrow concentration range in DU145. This study provides a convenient method to predict multiple drug combination effects by the estimated CI values as well as cell viability data. The proposed DOC/DOX mixing ratios can be used to design combination drug cocktails or delivery systems to improve chemotherapy for cancer patients.
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Zahedi P, Yoganathan R, Piquette-Miller M, Allen C. Recent advances in drug delivery strategies for treatment of ovarian cancer. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2012; 9:567-83. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2012.665366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Duncan
- Polymer Therapeutics Lab., Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Av. Autopista del Saler 16 E-46012, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rogerio Gaspar
- Nanomedicine & Drug Delivery Systems Group, iMed, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Lisbon, Av. Prof Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
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