Hypotension and Eosinophilia with Atorvastatin

Atorvastatin hypersensitivity reaction within 24 hours of first dose

We report a case of atorvastatin-induced hypersensitivity reaction in a 58-year-old male following first exposure to the drug. The patient took one dose of atorvastatin 40 mg and presented to the emergency department (ED) within 24 h with a chief complaint of throat swelling, trouble swallowing, and throat pain. The patient did not have pruritis or skin manifestations. The patient's vital signs were within normal limits. However, the patient had leukocytosis with a white blood cell (WBC) count of 12.68 × 10³/mcL. Eosinophils were within normal limits at 1.6 × 10³/mcL. Bilirubin was slightly elevated at 1.6 mg/dL. The patient was treated with epinephrine, famotidine, and diphenhydramine, and his symptoms began to resolve within 15 min. Statin-induced hypersensitivity reactions could be explained by statins' effects on bradykinin 2 receptors that potentiate vasodilation and leading to angioedema. In the literature, cases of hypersensitivity associated with atorvastatin present after months of cumulative exposure. Therefore, this case is unique in that a reaction developed within 24 h of that first dose.

Drug-induced Angioedema: A Rare Side Effect of Rosuvastatin

Hydroxymethyl glutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) are first-line medication for lowering serum cholesterol levels in the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Angioedema is the swelling of mucosa and submucosal tissue. There are no published cases of drug-induced angioedema involving rosuvastatin. We report a case of a 45-year-old female who presented with episodes of self-resolving edema of face, lips, and tongue after being on rosuvastatin. The patient denied any rash during these episodes and mentioned that self-medication with diphenhydramine did not relieve her symptoms. The patient was hemodynamically stable. The complement component 4 (C4), C1 esterase inhibitor, and complement component 1q (C1q) binding assay were within normal range. Therefore, the diagnosis of hereditary angioedema was effectively ruled out. The temporal relation between rosuvastatin and the development of angioedema and prompt resolution of symptoms after the drug discontinued suggest that rosuvastatin was the most probable culprit in the development of angioedema in our patient.

Adverse drug events in the oral cavity

Adverse reactions to medications are common and may have a variety of clinical presentations in the oral cavity. Targeted therapies and the new biologic agents have revolutionized the treatment of cancers, autoimmune diseases, and inflammatory and rheumatologic diseases but have also been associated with adverse events in the oral cavity. Some examples include osteonecrosis, seen with not only bisphosphonates but also antiangiogenic agents, and the distinctive ulcers caused by mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors. As newer therapeutic agents are approved, it is likely that more adverse drug events will be encountered. This review describes the most common clinical presentations of oral mucosal reactions to medications, namely, xerostomia, lichenoid reactions, ulcers, bullous disorders, pigmentation, fibrovascular hyperplasia, white lesions, dysesthesia, osteonecrosis, infection, angioedema, and malignancy. Oral health care providers should be familiar with such events, as they will encounter them in their practice.

Simvastatin: A Risk Factor for Angioedema?

Objective:

To report a case of simvastatin-induced angioedema in a patient with near nightly episodes of orofacial angioedema.

Case Summary:

A 75-year-old African American female presented to the emergency department with recurrent face, lip, and tongue swelling. The patient described frequent episodes of orofacial edema, with 4 emergency department visits over the previous 6 months. Her home medications were reviewed and simvastatin was identified as a possible contributing medication. Simvastatin was discontinued with resolution of the symptoms during hospitalization and a significant reduction in episodes.

Discussion:

Drug-induced angioedema has been documented with several agents, most commonly angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. The association with different drug classes has led to several postulated pathways for the development of angioedema. Notable mechanisms include mediation by bradykinin, inhibition of arachidonic acid metabolism, and complement activation. Each pathway culminates in increasing vascular permeability causing fluid accumulation in subcutaneous tissues. While statin use has been associated with drug-induced angioedema in postmarketing reports, there are no published cases involving simvastatin. Use of the Naranjo probability scale demonstrated a probable relationship between simvastatin use and the patient's recurrent angioedema.

Conclusions:

While statin use is not commonly associated with angioedema, clinicians must be aware of this possible adverse reaction. Consideration must also be given to potential drug interactions, increasing the risk of this adverse event.