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Liu M, Zhai H, Zhang X, Dong X, Hu J, Ma J, Sun W. Time-lag and accumulation responses of vegetation growth to average and extreme precipitation and temperature events in China between 2001 and 2020. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 945:174084. [PMID: 38906303 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Climate change is often closely related to vegetation dynamics; time lag (Tlag) and accumulative effects (Tacc) are non-negligible phenomena when studying the interaction between climate and vegetation. But, amidst the escalating frequency of extreme climatic events, the quantification of temporal effects (Teffects) of such extremes on vegetation remains scarce. This research quantifies the Tlag and Tacc responses of China's vegetation to episodes of extreme temperature and precipitation since the early 2000s, utilizing daily meteorological data series. Overall, the precipitation in China has become wetter, and nighttime temperatures have risen significantly. The proportion of areas with Teffects ranged from 1.15 % to 15.95 %, and the correlation coefficient between the climate indices and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) increased by 0.05 to 0.38 when considering the Teffects, compared to not considering it. The Tacc of vegetation had the strongest response (70.74-88.01 %) to extreme events among all the tested climate indices. Moreover, the Tacc of consecutive climate events had a greater impact on vegetation growth than individual climate event. The average Tacc for extreme temperature and extreme precipitation was 1.7-3.09 months and 2.17-3.25 months, respectively. Events like the over 95 % (R95p) and 99 % (R99p) percentile heavy precipitation and the maximum precipitation amount in one day (Rx1day) caused significant Teffects on NDVI. In addition, 90 % of grasslands exhibit Tacc, mainly contributed by the extreme precipitation indices (55.7 %), while the Teffects of forests were stronger than those of extreme temperature. Furthermore, NDVI was more affected by annual precipitation than by extreme precipitation, but the opposite was true for temperature. The results of this study highlight the importance of considering the Tlag and Tacc when predicting the effects of climate change on vegetation dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- School of Geographical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security of Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, Jilin Province, China
| | - Huiliang Zhai
- Institute of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xiaochong Zhang
- School of Geographical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security of Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xiaofeng Dong
- School of Geographical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security of Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jiaxin Hu
- Institute of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jianying Ma
- School of Geographical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security of Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Wei Sun
- Institute of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, Jilin Province, China.
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2
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Busch FA, Ainsworth EA, Amtmann A, Cavanagh AP, Driever SM, Ferguson JN, Kromdijk J, Lawson T, Leakey ADB, Matthews JSA, Meacham-Hensold K, Vath RL, Vialet-Chabrand S, Walker BJ, Papanatsiou M. A guide to photosynthetic gas exchange measurements: Fundamental principles, best practice and potential pitfalls. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:3344-3364. [PMID: 38321805 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Gas exchange measurements enable mechanistic insights into the processes that underpin carbon and water fluxes in plant leaves which in turn inform understanding of related processes at a range of scales from individual cells to entire ecosytems. Given the importance of photosynthesis for the global climate discussion it is important to (a) foster a basic understanding of the fundamental principles underpinning the experimental methods used by the broad community, and (b) ensure best practice and correct data interpretation within the research community. In this review, we outline the biochemical and biophysical parameters of photosynthesis that can be investigated with gas exchange measurements and we provide step-by-step guidance on how to reliably measure them. We advise on best practices for using gas exchange equipment and highlight potential pitfalls in experimental design and data interpretation. The Supporting Information contains exemplary data sets, experimental protocols and data-modelling routines. This review is a community effort to equip both the experimental researcher and the data modeller with a solid understanding of the theoretical basis of gas-exchange measurements, the rationale behind different experimental protocols and the approaches to data interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian A Busch
- School of Biosciences and Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Captial Territory, Australia
| | | | - Anna Amtmann
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Amanda P Cavanagh
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Steven M Driever
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - John N Ferguson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | - Johannes Kromdijk
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tracy Lawson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | - Andrew D B Leakey
- Departments of Plant Biology and Crop Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | - Richard L Vath
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- LI-COR Environmental, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Silvere Vialet-Chabrand
- Department of Plant Sciences, Horticulture and Product Physiology, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Berkley J Walker
- Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Maria Papanatsiou
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Qian Y, Hu Z, Cheng Z, Tao J, Zhao D. PlPOD45 positively regulates high-temperature tolerance of herbaceous peony by scavenging reactive oxygen species. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 30:1581-1592. [PMID: 39310701 PMCID: PMC11413285 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-024-01505-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) is a widely used famous traditional flower in China. It prefers cold and cool climate, but is not resistant to high temperature during summer in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Previously, we found peroxidase (POD) is an important antioxidant enzyme that played an important role in high-temperature tolerance of P. lactiflora. The present study isolated the candidate gene PlPOD45 and verified its function in resisting high-temperature stress. And the results showed that PlPOD45 had an open reading frame of 978 bp that encoded 325 amino acids. Its protein was localized to the cell membrane and cytoplasm. High-temperature stress induced PlPOD45 expression. Heterologous overexpression of PlPOD45 improved plant tolerance to high-temperature stress, decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, relative electrical conductivity and malondialdehyde content, and increased the ratio of variable fluorescence to highest fluorescence and POD activity. Conversely, silencing PlPOD45 in P. lactiflora could decrease POD activity, ROS scavenging capability and cell membrane stability when these plants were exposed to high-temperature stress. These results suggest that PlPOD45 positively regulates high-temperature tolerance through ROS scavenging, which would provide a theoretical basis for improving high-temperature tolerance in P. lactiflora. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-024-01505-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Qian
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziao Hu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhuoya Cheng
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Tao
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 People’s Republic of China
| | - Daqiu Zhao
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 People’s Republic of China
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Schuler P, Rehmann O, Vitali V, Saurer M, Oettli M, Cernusak LA, Gessler A, Buchmann N, Lehmann MM. Hydrogen isotope fractionation in plants with C 3, C 4, and CAM CO 2 fixation. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024. [PMID: 39169823 DOI: 10.1111/nph.20057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Measurements of stable isotope ratios in organic compounds are widely used tools for plant ecophysiological studies. However, the complexity of the processes involved in shaping hydrogen isotope values (δ2H) in plant carbohydrates has limited its broader application. To investigate the underlying biochemical processes responsible for 2H fractionation among water, sugars, and cellulose in leaves, we studied the three main CO2 fixation pathways (C3, C4, and CAM) and their response to changes in temperature and vapor pressure deficit (VPD). We show significant differences in autotrophic 2H fractionation (εA) from water to sugar among the pathways and their response to changes in air temperature and VPD. The strong 2H depleting εA in C3 plants is likely driven by the photosynthetic H+ production within the thylakoids, a reaction that is spatially separated in C4 and strongly reduced in CAM plants, leading to the absence of 2H depletion in the latter two types. By contrast, we found that the heterotrophic 2H-fractionation (εH) from sugar to cellulose was very similar among the three pathways and is likely driven by the plant's metabolism, rather than by isotopic exchange with leaf water. Our study offers new insights into the biochemical drivers of 2H fractionation in plant carbohydrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Schuler
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8006, Switzerland
- School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Rehmann
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
| | - Valentina Vitali
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Saurer
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
| | - Manuela Oettli
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
| | - Lucas A Cernusak
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Smithield, New South Wales, 4878, Australia
| | - Arthur Gessler
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8006, Switzerland
| | - Nina Buchmann
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8006, Switzerland
| | - Marco M Lehmann
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
- Forest Soils and Biogeochemistry, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
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5
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Min E, Boelman NT, Gough L, McLaren JR, Rastetter EB, Rowe RJ, Rocha A, Turnbull MH, Griffin KL. The give and take of Arctic greening: differential responses of the carbon sink-to-source threshold to light and temperature in tussock tundra may be influenced by vegetation cover. Commun Biol 2024; 7:950. [PMID: 39107559 PMCID: PMC11303680 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06600-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
A significant warming effect on arctic tundra is greening. Although this increase in predominantly woody vegetation has been linked to increases in gross primary productivity, increasing temperatures also stimulate ecosystem respiration. We present a novel analysis from small-scale plot measurements showing that the shape of the temperature- and light-dependent sink-to-source threshold (where net ecosystem exchange (NEE) equals zero) differs between two tussock tundra ecosystems differing in leaf area index (LAI). At the higher LAI site, the threshold is exceeded (i.e the ecosystem becomes a source) at relatively higher temperatures under low light but at lower temperatures under high light. At the lower LAI site, the threshold is exceeded at relatively lower temperatures under low light but at higher temperatures under high light. We confirmed this response at a single site where LAI was experimentally increased. This suggests the carbon balance of the tundra may be sensitive to small increases in temperature under low light, but that this effect may be significantly offset by increases in LAI. Importantly, we found that this LAI effect is reversed under high light, and so in a warming tundra, greater vegetation cover could have a progressively negative effect on net carbon uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Min
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Natalie T Boelman
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA
| | - Laura Gough
- Department of Biological Sciences, Towson University, Towson, MD, USA
| | - Jennie R McLaren
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Edward B Rastetter
- The Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Rebecca J Rowe
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Adrian Rocha
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Matthew H Turnbull
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Kevin L Griffin
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA.
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA.
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA.
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6
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Dusenge ME, Warren JM, Reich PB, Ward EJ, Murphy BK, Stefanski A, Bermudez R, Cruz M, McLennan DA, King AW, Montgomery RA, Hanson PJ, Way DA. Photosynthetic capacity in middle-aged larch and spruce acclimates independently to experimental warming and elevated CO 2. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024. [PMID: 39101396 DOI: 10.1111/pce.15068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Photosynthetic acclimation to both warming and elevated CO2 of boreal trees remains a key uncertainty in modelling the response of photosynthesis to future climates. We investigated the impact of increased growth temperature and elevated CO2 on photosynthetic capacity (Vcmax and Jmax) in mature trees of two North American boreal conifers, tamarack and black spruce. We show that Vcmax and Jmax at a standard temperature of 25°C did not change with warming, while Vcmax and Jmax at their thermal optima (Topt) and growth temperature (Tg) increased. Moreover, Vcmax and Jmax at either 25°C, Topt or Tg decreased with elevated CO2. The Jmax/Vcmax ratio decreased with warming when assessed at both Topt and Tg but did not significantly vary at 25°C. The Jmax/Vcmax increased with elevated CO2 at either reference temperature. We found no significant interaction between warming and elevated CO2 on all traits. If this lack of interaction between warming and elevated CO2 on the Vcmax, Jmax and Jmax/Vcmax ratio is a general trend, it would have significant implications for improving photosynthesis representation in vegetation models. However, future research is required to investigate the widespread nature of this response in a larger number of species and biomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirindi Eric Dusenge
- Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick, Canada
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeffrey M Warren
- Climate Change Science Institute and Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Peter B Reich
- Institute for Global Change Biology, and School for the Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Eric J Ward
- Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Bridget K Murphy
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
- Graduate Program in Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Artur Stefanski
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Raimundo Bermudez
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Marisol Cruz
- Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia
| | - David A McLennan
- Climate Change Science Institute and Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Anthony W King
- Climate Change Science Institute and Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Rebecca A Montgomery
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Paul J Hanson
- Climate Change Science Institute and Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Danielle A Way
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Environmental and Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
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7
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Li Q, Gao X, Li J, Yan A, Chang S, Song X, Lo K. Nonlinear time effects of vegetation response to climate change: Evidence from Qilian Mountain National Park in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 933:173149. [PMID: 38740200 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Vegetation responses to climate change are typically nonlinear with varied time effects, yet current research lacks comprehensiveness and precise definitions, hindering a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms. This study focuses on the mountain-type Qilian Mountain National Park (QMNP), investigating the characteristics and patterns of these nonlinear time effects using a generalized additive model (GAM) based on MODIS-NDVI, growing season temperature, and precipitation data. The results show that 1) The time effects of climate change on vegetation exhibit significant spatial variations, differing across vegetation types and topographic conditions. Accounting for optimal time effects can increase the explanatory power of climate on vegetation change by 6.8 %. Precipitation responses are mainly characterized by time-lag and time-accumulation effects, notably in meadows and steppes, while temperature responses are largely cumulative, especially in steppes. The altitude and slope significantly influence the pattern of vegetation response to climate, particularly in areas with high altitudes and steep slopes. 2) There is a significant nonlinear relationship between vegetation growth and both precipitation and temperature, with the nonlinear relationship between precipitation and vegetation being stronger than that with temperature, particularly in the western and central regions of the park. Different vegetation types exhibit significant variations in their response to climate change, with deserts and steppes being more sensitive to precipitation. 3) Precipitation is the primary driver of vegetation change in the QMNP, particularly for high-elevation vegetation and herbaceous vegetation. The complex temporal patterns of vegetation response to climate change in the QMNP not only deepen the understanding of the intricate relationship between regional vegetation and climate variability but also provide a methodological reference for global studies on vegetation responses to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuran Li
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Jie Li
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - An Yan
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shuhang Chang
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaojiao Song
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Kevin Lo
- Department of Geography, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
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8
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Wang Z, Wang X, Han B, Liu D, Wang C. Balance between carbon gain and loss in warmer environments: impacts on photosynthesis and leaf respiration in four temperate tree species. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:tpae070. [PMID: 38905287 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpae070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
The temperature sensitivities of photosynthesis and respiration remain a key uncertainty in predicting how forests will respond to climate warming. We grew seedlings of four temperate tree species, including Betula platyphylla, Fraxinus mandshurica, Juglans mandshurica and Tilia amurensis, at three temperature regimes (ambient, +2 °C, and +4 °C in daytime air temperature). We investigated net photosynthesis (Anet25), maximum rate of RuBP-carboxylation (Vcmax25) and RuBP-regeneration (Jmax25), stomatal conductance (gs25), mesophyll conductance (gm25), and leaf respiration (Rleaf) in dark (Rdark25) and in light (Rlight25) at 25 °C in all species. Additionally, we examined the temperature sensitivities of Anet, Vcmax, Jmax, Rdark and Rlight in F. mandshurica. Our findings showed that the warming-induced decreases in Anet25, Vcmax25 and Jmax25 were more prevalent in the late-successional species T. amurensis. Warming had negative impacts on gs25 in all species. Overall, Anet25 was positively correlated with Vcmax25 and Jmax25 across all growth temperatures. However, a positive correlation between Anet25 and gs25 was observed only under warming conditions, and gs25 was negatively associated with vapor pressure deficit. This implies that the vapor pressure deficit-induced decrease in gs25 was responsible for the decline in Anet25 at higher temperatures. The optimum temperature of Anet in F. mandshurica increased by 0.59 °C per 1.0 °C rise in growth temperature. While +2 °C elevated the thermal optima of Jmax, it did not affect the other temperature sensitivity parameters of Vcmax and Jmax. Rdark25 was not affected by warming in any species, and Rlight25 was stimulated in T. amurensis. The temperature response curves of Rdark and Rlight in F. mandshurica were not altered by warming, implying a lack of thermal acclimation. The ratios of Rdark25 and Rlight25 to Anet25 and Vcmax25 in T. amurensis increased with warming. These results suggest that Anet and Rleaf did not acclimate to warming synchronously in these temperate tree species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoguo Wang
- School of Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xiaochun Wang
- School of Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Bingxin Han
- School of Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Di Liu
- School of Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Chuankuan Wang
- School of Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
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9
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Middleby KB, Cheesman AW, Cernusak LA. Impacts of elevated temperature and vapour pressure deficit on leaf gas exchange and plant growth across six tropical rainforest tree species. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:648-661. [PMID: 38757766 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Elevated air temperature (Tair) and vapour pressure deficit (VPDair) significantly influence plant functioning, yet their relative impacts are difficult to disentangle. We examined the effects of elevated Tair (+6°C) and VPDair (+0.7 kPa) on the growth and physiology of six tropical tree species. Saplings were grown under well-watered conditions in climate-controlled glasshouses for 6 months under three treatments: (1) low Tair and low VPDair, (2) high Tair and low VPDair, and (3) high Tair and high VPDair. To assess acclimation, physiological parameters were measured at a set temperature. Warm-grown plants grown under elevated VPDair had significantly reduced stomatal conductance and increased instantaneous water use efficiency compared to plants grown under low VPDair. Photosynthetic biochemistry and thermal tolerance (Tcrit) were unaffected by VPDair, but elevated Tair caused Jmax25 to decrease and Tcrit to increase. Sapling biomass accumulation for all species responded positively to an increase in Tair, but elevated VPDair limited growth. This study shows that stomatal limitation caused by even moderate increases in VPDair can decrease productivity and growth rates in tropical species independently from Tair and has important implications for modelling the impacts of climate change on tropical forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kali B Middleby
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, 4878, Australia
| | - Alexander W Cheesman
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, 4878, Australia
| | - Lucas A Cernusak
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, 4878, Australia
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10
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Réthoré E, Pelletier S, Balliau T, Zivy M, Avelange-Macherel MH, Macherel D. Multi-scale analysis of heat stress acclimation in Arabidopsis seedlings highlights the primordial contribution of energy-transducing organelles. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 119:300-331. [PMID: 38613336 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Much progress has been made in understanding the molecular mechanisms of plant adaptation to heat stress. However, the great diversity of models and stress conditions, and the fact that analyses are often limited to a small number of approaches, complicate the picture. We took advantage of a liquid culture system in which Arabidopsis seedlings are arrested in their development, thus avoiding interference with development and drought stress responses, to investigate through an integrative approach seedlings' global response to heat stress and acclimation. Seedlings perfectly tolerate a noxious heat shock (43°C) when subjected to a heat priming treatment at a lower temperature (38°C) the day before, displaying a thermotolerance comparable to that previously observed for Arabidopsis. A major effect of the pre-treatment was to partially protect energy metabolism under heat shock and favor its subsequent rapid recovery, which was correlated with the survival of seedlings. Rapid recovery of actin cytoskeleton and mitochondrial dynamics were another landmark of heat shock tolerance. The omics confirmed the role of the ubiquitous heat shock response actors but also revealed specific or overlapping responses to priming, heat shock, and their combination. Since only a few components or functions of chloroplast and mitochondria were highlighted in these analyses, the preservation and rapid recovery of their bioenergetic roles upon acute heat stress do not require extensive remodeling of the organelles. Protection of these organelles is rather integrated into the overall heat shock response, thus allowing them to provide the energy required to elaborate other cellular responses toward acclimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Réthoré
- Univ Angers, Institut Agro Rennes-Angers, INRAE, IRHS-UMR 1345, F-49000, Angers, France
| | - Sandra Pelletier
- Univ Angers, Institut Agro Rennes-Angers, INRAE, IRHS-UMR 1345, F-49000, Angers, France
| | - Thierry Balliau
- INRAE, PAPPSO, UMR/UMR Génétique Végétale, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Michel Zivy
- INRAE, PAPPSO, UMR/UMR Génétique Végétale, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | | | - David Macherel
- Univ Angers, Institut Agro Rennes-Angers, INRAE, IRHS-UMR 1345, F-49000, Angers, France
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11
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Mishra R, Kaur P, Soni R, Madan A, Agarwal P, Singh G. Decoding the photoprotection strategies and manipulating cyanobacterial photoprotective metabolites, mycosporine-like amino acids, for next-generation sunscreens. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 212:108744. [PMID: 38781638 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The most recent evaluation of the impacts of UV-B radiation and depletion of stratospheric ozone points out the need for effective photoprotection strategies for both biological and nonbiological components. To mitigate the disruptive consequences of artificial sunscreens, photoprotective compounds synthesized from gram-negative, oxygenic, and photoautotrophic prokaryote, cyanobacteria have been studied. In a quest to counteract the harmful UV radiation, cyanobacterial species biosynthesize photoprotective metabolites named as mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs). The investigation of MAAs as potential substitutes for commercial sunscreen compounds is motivated by their inherent characteristics, such as antioxidative properties, water solubility, low molecular weight, and high molar extinction coefficients. These attributes contribute to the stability of MAAs and make them promising candidates for natural alternatives in sunscreen formulations. They are effective at reducing direct damage caused by UV radiation and do not lead to the production of reactive oxygen radicals. In order to better understand the role, ecology, and its application at a commercial scale, tools like genome mining, heterologous expression, and synthetic biology have been explored in this review to develop next-generation sunscreens. Utilizing tactical concepts of bio-nanoconjugate formation for the development of an efficient MAA-nanoparticle conjugate structure would not only give the sunscreen complex stability but would also serve as a promising tool for the production of analogues. This review would provide insight on efforts to produce MAAs by diversifying the biosynthetic pathways, modulating the precursors and stress conditions, and comprehending the gene cluster arrangement for MAA biosynthesis and its application in developing effective sunscreen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reema Mishra
- Department of Botany, Gargi College, University of Delhi, Siri Fort Road, New Delhi, 110049, India.
| | - Pritam Kaur
- Department of Botany, Gargi College, University of Delhi, Siri Fort Road, New Delhi, 110049, India.
| | - Renu Soni
- Department of Botany, Gargi College, University of Delhi, Siri Fort Road, New Delhi, 110049, India.
| | - Akanksha Madan
- Department of Botany, Gargi College, University of Delhi, Siri Fort Road, New Delhi, 110049, India.
| | - Preeti Agarwal
- Department of Botany, Gargi College, University of Delhi, Siri Fort Road, New Delhi, 110049, India.
| | - Garvita Singh
- Department of Botany, Gargi College, University of Delhi, Siri Fort Road, New Delhi, 110049, India.
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12
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Tholen D. GasanalyzeR: advancing reproducible research using a new R package for photosynthesis data workflows. AOB PLANTS 2024; 16:plae035. [PMID: 39040093 PMCID: PMC11261163 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plae035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
The analysis of photosynthetic traits has become an integral part of plant (eco-)physiology. Many of these characteristics are not directly measured, but calculated from combinations of several, more direct, measurements. The calculations of such derived variables are based on underlying physical models and may use additional constants or assumed values. Commercially available gas-exchange instruments typically report such derived variables, but the available implementations use different definitions and assumptions. Moreover, no software is currently available to allow a fully scripted and reproducible workflow that includes importing data, pre-processing and recalculating derived quantities. The R package gasanalyzer aims to address these issues by providing methods to import data from different instruments, by translating photosynthetic variables to a standardized nomenclature, and by optionally recalculating derived quantities using standardized equations. In addition, the package facilitates performing sensitivity analyses on variables or assumptions used in the calculations to allow researchers to better assess the robustness of the results. The use of the package and how to perform sensitivity analyses are demonstrated using three different examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Tholen
- Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, Institute of Botany, the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, 1180 Vienna, Austria
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13
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Tanigawa K, Yuchen Q, Katsuhama N, Sakoda K, Wakabayashi Y, Tanaka Y, Sage R, Lawson T, Yamori W. C 4 monocots and C 4 dicots exhibit rapid photosynthetic induction response in contrast to C 3 plants. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14431. [PMID: 39041649 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Considering the prevalence of ever-changing conditions in the natural world, investigation of photosynthetic responses in C4 plants under fluctuating light is needed. Here, we studied the effect of dynamic illumination on photosynthesis in totally 10 C3, C3-C4 intermediate, C4-like and C4 dicots and monocots at CO2 concentrations of 400 and 800 μmol mol-1. C4 and C4-like plants had faster photosynthetic induction and light-induced stomatal dynamics than C3 plants at 400 μmol mol-1, but not at 800 μmol mol-1 CO2, at which the CO2 supply rarely limits photosynthesis. C4 and C4-like plants had a higher water use efficiency than C3 plants at both CO2 concentrations. There were positive correlations between photosynthetic induction and light-induced stomatal response, together with CO2 compensation point, which was a parameter of the CO2-concentrating mechanism of C4 photosynthesis. These results clearly show that C4 photosynthesis in both monocots and dicots adapts to fluctuating light conditions more efficiently than C3 photosynthesis. The rapid photosynthetic induction response in C4 plants can be attributed to the rapid stomatal dynamics, the CO2-concentrating mechanism or both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichiro Tanigawa
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Qu Yuchen
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoya Katsuhama
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuma Sakoda
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Space Environment and Energy Laboratories, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Wakabayashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Tanaka
- Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Rowan Sage
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tracy Lawson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | - Wataru Yamori
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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14
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Heckman RW, Pereira CG, Aspinwall MJ, Juenger TE. Physiological Responses of C 4 Perennial Bioenergy Grasses to Climate Change: Causes, Consequences, and Constraints. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 75:737-769. [PMID: 38424068 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-070623-093952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
C4 perennial bioenergy grasses are an economically and ecologically important group whose responses to climate change will be important to the future bioeconomy. These grasses are highly productive and frequently possess large geographic ranges and broad environmental tolerances, which may contribute to the evolution of ecotypes that differ in physiological acclimation capacity and the evolution of distinct functional strategies. C4 perennial bioenergy grasses are predicted to thrive under climate change-C4 photosynthesis likely evolved to enhance photosynthetic efficiency under stressful conditions of low [CO2], high temperature, and drought-although few studies have examined how these species will respond to combined stresses or to extremes of temperature and precipitation. Important targets for C4 perennial bioenergy production in a changing world, such as sustainability and resilience, can benefit from combining knowledge of C4 physiology with recent advances in crop improvement, especially genomic selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Heckman
- Rocky Mountain Research Station, US Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Cedar City, Utah, USA;
| | - Caio Guilherme Pereira
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA;
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Thomas E Juenger
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA;
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15
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Sharin SN, Abdullah Sani MS, Kassim NK, Yuswan MH, Abd Aziz A, Jaafar MA, Hashim AM. Impact of harvesting seasons on physicochemical properties and volatile compound profiles of Malaysian stingless bee honey analysed using chemometrics and support vector machine. Food Chem 2024; 444:138429. [PMID: 38330597 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Stingless bee honey's nutritional value is gaining attention, but the impact of harvesting seasons, specifically the rainy (September 2018) and dry (February 2019) seasons in Malaysia on the honey's physicochemical properties and volatile compounds remains insufficiently explored. This research revealed marginal differences in the physicochemical properties between seasons. However, through individual bee species and cumulative data analysis, honey samples were effectively differentiated based on harvesting seasons. A set of seventeen volatile compounds were identified as potential chemical markers for distinguishing H. bakeri, G. thoracica, and T. binghami honey between rainy and dry seasons. For cumulative data, four significant markers were proposed. These discrimination methods and chemical markers can serve as valuable references in distinguishing stingless bee honey, whether its entomological origin is specified or not between rainy and dry seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Nurhidayah Sharin
- Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Plant Biotechnology Research Centre, Agro-Biotechnology Institute Malaysia, National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhamad Shirwan Abdullah Sani
- International Institute for Halal Research and Training, Level 3, KICT Building, International Islamic University Malaysia, 53100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur Kartinee Kassim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hafis Yuswan
- Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Azharuddin Abd Aziz
- Research and Instrumentation Section, Department of Chemistry Malaysia, Jalan Sultan, 46661 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Azwan Jaafar
- Centre for Marker Discovery and Validation (CMDV), Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI), 43400 Seri Kembangan, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Amalia Mohd Hashim
- Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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16
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Gabr A, Stephens TG, Reinfelder JR, Liau P, Calatrava V, Grossman AR, Bhattacharya D. Evidence of a putative CO 2 delivery system to the chromatophore in the photosynthetic amoeba Paulinella. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2024; 16:e13304. [PMID: 38923306 PMCID: PMC11194058 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.13304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The photosynthetic amoeba, Paulinella provides a recent (ca. 120 Mya) example of primary plastid endosymbiosis. Given the extensive data demonstrating host lineage-driven endosymbiont integration, we analysed nuclear genome and transcriptome data to investigate mechanisms that may have evolved in Paulinella micropora KR01 (hereinafter, KR01) to maintain photosynthetic function in the novel organelle, the chromatophore. The chromatophore is of α-cyanobacterial provenance and has undergone massive gene loss due to Muller's ratchet, but still retains genes that encode the ancestral α-carboxysome and the shell carbonic anhydrase, two critical components of the biophysical CO2 concentrating mechanism (CCM) in cyanobacteria. We identified KR01 nuclear genes potentially involved in the CCM that arose via duplication and divergence and are upregulated in response to high light and downregulated under elevated CO2. We speculate that these genes may comprise a novel CO2 delivery system (i.e., a biochemical CCM) to promote the turnover of the RuBisCO carboxylation reaction and counteract photorespiration. We posit that KR01 has an inefficient photorespiratory system that cannot fully recycle the C2 product of RuBisCO oxygenation back to the Calvin-Benson cycle. Nonetheless, both these systems appear to be sufficient to allow Paulinella to persist in environments dominated by faster-growing phototrophs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwa Gabr
- Graduate Program in Molecular Bioscience and Program in Microbiology and Molecular GeneticsRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA
| | - Timothy G. Stephens
- Department of Biochemistry and MicrobiologyRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA
| | - John R. Reinfelder
- Department of Environmental SciencesRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA
| | - Pinky Liau
- Department of Biochemistry and MicrobiologyRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA
| | - Victoria Calatrava
- Department of Plant BiologyThe Carnegie Institution for ScienceStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Arthur R. Grossman
- Department of Plant BiologyThe Carnegie Institution for ScienceStanfordCaliforniaUSA
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17
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Felini R, Cavallini D, Buonaiuto G, Bordin T. Assessing the impact of thermoregulatory mineral supplementation on thermal comfort in lactating Holstein cows. Vet Anim Sci 2024; 24:100363. [PMID: 38883423 PMCID: PMC11177189 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2024.100363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) occurs when animals are enable to effectively dissipate excessive body heat, potentially affecting their welfare and productivity. Several tools can be used to mitigate HS in dairy cows. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of thermoregulatory mineral supplementation on dairy cows' physiological response to HS and reproductive status. Thirty pluriparous Holstein dairy cows (2.8 ± 0.3 lactation), from a semi confinement production system (freestall barn), were enrolled in a 35 days duration experiment, and divided into two groups: 15 cows receiving a thermoregulatory mineral mixture containing calcium, sodium, chlorine, and potassium (200 g/day; TRT); and, 15 cows that did not receive any type of supplement (CON). Data on respiration rates (RR), rectal temperature (RT), milk yield, barn temperature, relative humidity, and temperature and humidity index (THI) were obtained on weekly evaluations (D7, D14, D21, D28, and D35). ANOVA and correlation analysis were used to compare variables between groups, and physiological and climate variables, regardless of group. Related to farm's protocols, on D0 and D35, all cows were submitted to US evaluation and categorized as inseminated, pregnant, and not pregnant, and this data analysed using Fisher's exact test. Cows in the TRT group had lower RT, compared to the CON group (38,8 °C and 39,0 °C, respectively; P = 0.0147), however both averages were within physiological range. As to physiological variables, stronger positive correlations were found between RR and RT with barn temperature and THI. In this study, the thermoregulatory mineral supplement did not significantly affect physiological responses to HS or reproductive status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Felini
- Curso de Agronomia, Faculdade CESURG Marau, Avenida Júlio Borella, 1968, Centro, CEP 99150-000, Marau, RS, Brasil
| | - Damiano Cavallini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Buonaiuto
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064, Bologna, Italy
| | - Tiago Bordin
- Curso de Agronomia, Faculdade CESURG Marau, Avenida Júlio Borella, 1968, Centro, CEP 99150-000, Marau, RS, Brasil
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18
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Gao W, Dai D, Luo H, Yu D, Liu C, Zhang N, Liu L, You C, Zhou S, Tu L, Liu Y, Huang C, He X, Cui X. Habitat differentiation and environmental adaptability contribute to leaf size variations globally in C 3 and C 4 grasses. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 937:173309. [PMID: 38782268 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The grass family (Poaceae) dominates ~43 % of Earth's land area and contributes 33 % of terrestrial primary productivity that is critical to naturally regulating atmosphere CO2 concentration and global climate change. Currently grasses comprise ~11,780 species and ~50 % of them (~6000 species) utilize C4 photosynthetic pathway. Generally, grass species have smaller leaves under colder and drier environments, but it is unclear whether the primary drivers of leaf size differ between C3 and C4 grasses on a global scale. Here, we analyzed 34 environmental variables, such as latitude, elevation, mean annual temperature, mean annual precipitation, and solar radiation etc., through a comparatively comprehensive database of ~3.0 million occurrence records from 1380 C3 and 978 C4 grass species (2358 species in total). Results from this study confirm that C4 grasses have occupied habitats with lower latitudes and elevations, characterized by warmer, sunnier, drier and less fertile environmental conditions. Grass leaf size correlates positively with mean annual temperature and precipitation as expected. Our results also demonstrate that the mean temperature of the wettest quarter of the year is the primary control for C3 leaf size, whereas C4 leaf size is negatively correlated with the difference between summer and winter temperatures. For C4 grasses, phylogeny exerts a significant effect on leaf size but is less important than environmental factors. Our findings highlight the importance of evolutionarily contrasting variations in leaf size between C3 and C4 grasses for shaping their geographical distribution and habitat suitability at the global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuchao Gao
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Centre for Southwest Forest and Grassland Fire Ecological Prevention, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River & Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Dachuan Dai
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Centre for Southwest Forest and Grassland Fire Ecological Prevention, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Huan Luo
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Centre for Southwest Forest and Grassland Fire Ecological Prevention, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Dongli Yu
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Centre for Southwest Forest and Grassland Fire Ecological Prevention, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Congcong Liu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Lin Liu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Chengming You
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Centre for Southwest Forest and Grassland Fire Ecological Prevention, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River & Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Shixing Zhou
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Centre for Southwest Forest and Grassland Fire Ecological Prevention, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River & Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Lihua Tu
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Centre for Southwest Forest and Grassland Fire Ecological Prevention, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River & Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yang Liu
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Centre for Southwest Forest and Grassland Fire Ecological Prevention, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River & Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Congde Huang
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Centre for Southwest Forest and Grassland Fire Ecological Prevention, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River & Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xinhua He
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Centre for Southwest Forest and Grassland Fire Ecological Prevention, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Xinglei Cui
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Centre for Southwest Forest and Grassland Fire Ecological Prevention, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River & Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
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19
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Gautam S, Scheuring DC, Koym JW, Vales MI. Assessing heat tolerance in potatoes: Responses to stressful Texas field locations and controlled contrasting greenhouse conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1364244. [PMID: 38803598 PMCID: PMC11128680 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1364244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, heat stress has affected potato production more frequently, resulting in lower marketable yields and reduced tuber quality. In order to develop heat-tolerant potatoes, it is necessary to select under heat-stress conditions and consider traits affected by heat stress. The Texas A&M Potato Breeding Program has selected potatoes under high-temperature stress for several decades. Ten potato cultivars, representing heat tolerant and sensitive clones based on past performance in Texas, were included in field trials for three years at the two main locations used by the Texas Breeding Program (Dalhart and Springlake, TX) to assess if the Texas field locations are suitable for heat tolerance screening. Both locations were confirmed as appropriate for heat stress screening. However, Springlake was a more stressful location since it had significantly lower yields of marketable tubers and increased percentages of tuber defects. Planting time did not have a significant effect at the most stressful location. The same ten potato clones were included in greenhouse experiments with contrasting temperatures (normal versus heat stress). There was confirmation that heat stress conditions resulted in significantly lower marketable yields, specific gravity, dormancy, and significantly higher percentages of tuber defects; however, significant differences existed between potato clones. Under heat stress conditions, Russet Burbank had a high percent of tubers with external defects, whereas Atlantic showed the highest percentage of internal defects (mainly internal heat necrosis). Vanguard Russet produced the highest marketable yield while maintaining a low percentage of external and internal defects. Russet Burbank and Atlantic were heat-sensitive controls for external and internal tuber defects, respectively. In contrast, Vanguard Russet can be used as a reliable heat-tolerant control. Including appropriate controls in heat stress studies will help identify clones with heat tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Gautam
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Douglas C. Scheuring
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Jeffrey W. Koym
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - M. Isabel Vales
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
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20
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Jackwerth K, Biella P, Klečka J. Pollen thermotolerance of a widespread plant, Lotus corniculatus, in response to climate warming: possible local adaptation of populations from different elevations. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17148. [PMID: 38708360 PMCID: PMC11067902 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the most vulnerable phases in the plant life cycle is sexual reproduction, which depends on effective pollen transfer, but also on the thermotolerance of pollen grains. Pollen thermotolerance is temperature-dependent and may be reduced by increasing temperature associated with global warming. A growing body of research has focused on the effect of increased temperature on pollen thermotolerance in crops to understand the possible impact of temperature extremes on yield. Yet, little is known about the effects of temperature on pollen thermotolerance of wild plant species. To fill this gap, we selected Lotus corniculatus s.l. (Fabaceae), a species common to many European habitats and conducted laboratory experiments to test its pollen thermotolerance in response to artificial increase in temperature. To test for possible local adaptation of pollen thermal tolerance, we compared data from six lowland (389-451 m a.s.l.) and six highland (841-1,030 m a.s.l.) populations. We observed pollen germination in vitro at 15 °C, 25 °C, 30 °C, and 40 °C. While lowland plants maintained a stable germination percentage across a broad temperature range (15-30 °C) and exhibited reduced germination only at extremely high temperatures (40 °C), highland plants experienced reduced germination even at 30 °C-temperatures commonly exceeded in lowlands during warm summers. This suggests that lowland populations of L. corniculatus may be locally adapted to higher temperature for pollen germination. On the other hand, pollen tube length decreased with increasing temperature in a similar way in lowland and highland plants. The overall average pollen germination percentage significantly differed between lowland and highland populations, with highland populations displaying higher germination percentage. On the other hand, the average pollen tube length was slightly smaller in highland populations. In conclusion, we found that pollen thermotolerance of L. corniculatus is reduced at high temperature and that the germination of pollen from plant populations growing at higher elevations is more sensitive to increased temperature, which suggests possible local adaptation of pollen thermotolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolína Jackwerth
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Paolo Biella
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Jan Klečka
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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21
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Hayashi S, Levine CP, Yu W, Usui M, Yukawa A, Ohmori Y, Kusano M, Kobayashi M, Nishizawa T, Kurimoto I, Kawabata S, Yamori W. Raising root zone temperature improves plant productivity and metabolites in hydroponic lettuce production. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1352331. [PMID: 38689844 PMCID: PMC11058216 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1352331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
While it is commonly understood that air temperature can greatly affect the process of photosynthesis and the growth of higher plants, the impact of root zone temperature (RZT) on plant growth, metabolism, essential elements, as well as key metabolites like chlorophyll and carotenoids, remains an area that necessitates extensive research. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of raising the RZT on the growth, metabolites, elements, and proteins of red leaf lettuce. Lettuce was hydroponically grown in a plant factory with artificial light at four different air temperatures (17, 22, 27, and 30°C) and two treatments with different RZTs. The RZT was raised 3°C above the air temperature in one group, while it was not in the other group. Increasing the RZT 3°C above the air temperature improved plant growth and metabolites, including carotenoids, ascorbic acids, and chlorophyll, in all four air temperature treatments. Moreover, raising the RZT increased Mg, K, Fe, Cu, Se, Rb, amino acids, and total soluble proteins in the leaf tissue at all four air temperatures. These results showed that raising the RZT by 3°C improved plant productivity and the metabolites of the hydroponic lettuce by enhancing nutrient uptake and activating the metabolism in the roots at all four air temperatures. Overall, this research demonstrates that plant growth and metabolites can be improved simultaneously with an increased RZT relative to air temperature. This study serves as a foundation for future research on optimizing RZT in relation to air temperature. Further recommended studies include investigating the differential effects of multiple RZT variations relative to air temperature for increased optimization, examining the effects of RZT during nighttime versus daytime, and exploring the impact of stem heating. This research has the potential to make a valuable contribution to the ongoing growth and progress of the plant factory industry and fundamental advancements in root zone physiology. Overall, this research demonstrates that plant growth and metabolites can be improved simultaneously with an increased RZT relative to air temperature. This study serves as a foundation for future research on optimizing RZT in relation to air temperature. Further recommended studies include investigating the differential effects of multiple RZT variations relative to air temperature for increased optimization, examining the effects of RZT during nighttime versus daytime, and exploring the impact of stem heating. This research has the potential to make a valuable contribution to the ongoing growth and progress of the plant factory industry and fundamental advancements in root zone physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sota Hayashi
- Institute for Sustainable Agro-ecosystem Services, The University of Tokyo, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Christopher P. Levine
- Institute for Sustainable Agro-ecosystem Services, The University of Tokyo, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wakabayashi Yu
- Institute for Sustainable Agro-ecosystem Services, The University of Tokyo, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Yoshihiro Ohmori
- Institute for Sustainable Agro-ecosystem Services, The University of Tokyo, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miyako Kusano
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Tsukuba-Plant Innovation Research Center (T-PIRC), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Riken Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Makoto Kobayashi
- Riken Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomoko Nishizawa
- Riken Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ikusaburo Kurimoto
- National Institute of Technology, Kisarazu College, Kisarazu, Chiba, Japan
| | - Saneyuki Kawabata
- Institute for Sustainable Agro-ecosystem Services, The University of Tokyo, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Yamori
- Institute for Sustainable Agro-ecosystem Services, The University of Tokyo, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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22
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Mohanta TK, Mohanta YK, Kaushik P, Kumar J. Physiology, genomics, and evolutionary aspects of desert plants. J Adv Res 2024; 58:63-78. [PMID: 37160225 PMCID: PMC10982872 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the exposure to arid environmental conditions across the globe ultimately hampering the sustainability of the living organism, few plant species are equipped with several unique genotypic, biochemical, and physiological features to counter such harsh conditions. Physiologically, they have evolved with reduced leaf size, spines, waxy cuticles, thick leaves, succulent hydrenchyma, sclerophyll, chloroembryo, and photosynthesis in nonfoliar and other parts. At the biochemical level, they are evolved to perform efficient photosynthesis through Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) and C4 pathways with the formation of oxaloacetic acid (Hatch-Slack pathway) instead of the C3 pathway. Additionally, comparative genomics with existing data provides ample evidence of the xerophytic plants' positive selection to adapt to the arid environment. However, adding more high-throughput sequencing of xerophyte plant species is further required for a comparative genomic study toward trait discovery related to survival. Learning from the mechanism to survive in harsh conditions could pave the way to engineer crops for future sustainable agriculture. AIM OF THE REVIEW The distinct physiology of desert plants allows them to survive in harsh environments. However, the genomic composition also contributes significantly to this and requires great attention. This review emphasizes the physiological and genomic adaptation of desert plants. Other important parameters, such as desert biodiversity and photosynthetic strategy, are also discussed with recent progress in the field. Overall, this review discusses the different features of desert plants, which prepares them for harsh conditions intending to translate knowledge to engineer plant species for sustainable agriculture. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW This review comprehensively presents the physiology, molecular mechanism, and genomics of desert plants aimed towards engineering a sustainable crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Kumar Mohanta
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 611, Oman.
| | - Yugal Kishore Mohanta
- Dept. of Applied Biology, University of Science and Technology Meghalaya, Baridua, Meghalaya 793101, India
| | - Prashant Kaushik
- Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Jitesh Kumar
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, United States
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23
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Li Q, Wang Y, Zhou H, Liu Y, Gichuki DK, Hou Y, Zhang J, Aryal R, Hu G, Wan T, Amenu SG, Gituru RW, Xin H, Wang Q. The Cissus quadrangularis genome reveals its adaptive features in an arid habitat. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhae038. [PMID: 38595910 PMCID: PMC11001597 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Cissus quadrangularis is a tetraploid species belonging to the Vitaceae family and is known for the Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) pathway in the succulent stem, while the leaves perform C3 photosynthesis. Here, we report a high-quality genome of C. quadrangularis comprising a total size of 679.2 Mb which was phased into two subgenomes. Genome annotation identified 51 857 protein-coding genes, while approximately 47.75% of the genome was composed of repetitive sequences. Gene expression ratios of two subgenomes demonstrated that the sub-A genome as the dominant subgenome played a vital role during the drought tolerance. Genome divergence analysis suggests that the tetraploidization event occurred around 8.9 million years ago. Transcriptome data revealed that pathways related to cutin, suberine, and wax metabolism were enriched in the stem during drought treatment, suggesting that these genes contributed to the drought adaption. Additionally, a subset of CAM-related genes displayed diurnal expression patterns in the succulent stems but not in leaves, indicating that stem-biased expression of existing genes contributed to the CAM evolution. Our findings provide insights into the mechanisms of drought adaptation and photosynthesis transition in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Huimin Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuanshuang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Duncan Kiragu Gichuki
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yujun Hou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jisen Zhang
- Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical AgroBiological Resources and Guangxi Key Lab for Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Rishi Aryal
- Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Guangwan Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Tao Wan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Sara Getachew Amenu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Robert Wahiti Gituru
- Department of Botany, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Haiping Xin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Qingfeng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
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24
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Wang F, Fang J, Yao L, Han D, Zhou Z, Chen B. Applications of land surface model to economic and environmental-friendly optimization of nitrogen fertilization and irrigation. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27549. [PMID: 38509873 PMCID: PMC10950588 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Land surface models (LSMs) have prominent advantages for exploring the best agricultural practices in terms of both economic and environmental benefits with regard to different climate scenarios. However, their applications to optimizing fertilization and irrigation have not been well discussed because of their relatively underdeveloped crop modules. We used a CLM5-Crop LSM to optimize fertilization and irrigation schedules that follow actual agricultural practices for the cultivation of maize and wheat, as well as to explore the most economic and environmental-friendly inputs of nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation (FI), in the North China Plain (NCP), which is a typical intensive farming area. The model used the indicators of crop yield, farm gross margin (FGM), nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), water use efficiency (WUE), and soil nitrogen leaching. The results showed that the total optimal FI inputs of FGM were the highest (230 ± 75.8 kg N ha-1 and 20 ± 44.7 mm for maize; 137.5 ± 25 kg N ha-1 and 362.5 ± 47.9 mm for wheat), followed by the FIs of yield, NUE, WUE, and soil nitrogen leaching. After multi-objective optimization, the optimal FIs were 230 ± 75.8 kg N ha-1 and 20 ± 44.7 mm for maize, and 137.5 ± 25 kg N ha-1 and 387.5 ± 85.4 mm for wheat. By comparing our model-based diagnostic results with the actual inputs of FIs in the NCP, we found excessive usage of nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation during the current cultivation period of maize and wheat. The scientific collocation of fertilizer and water resources should be seriously considered for economic and environmental benefits. Overall, the optimized inputs of the FIs were in reasonable ranges, as postulated by previous studies. This result hints at the potential applications of LSMs for guiding sustainable agricultural development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Information and Economics, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 23788, Industrial North Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250010, China
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environment Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jingchun Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environment Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A, Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lei Yao
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, No.1, Daxue Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250358, China
| | - Dongrui Han
- Institute of Agricultural Information and Economics, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 23788, Industrial North Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250010, China
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environment Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Zihan Zhou
- Institute of Agricultural Information and Economics, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 23788, Industrial North Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250010, China
| | - Baozhang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environment Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A, Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
- Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resources Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China
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25
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Carvalho P, Gomes C, Saibo NJ. C4 Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase: Evolution and transcriptional regulation. Genet Mol Biol 2024; 46:e20230190. [PMID: 38517370 PMCID: PMC10958771 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2023-0190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Photosynthetic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) catalyses the irreversible carboxylation of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), producing oxaloacetate (OAA). This enzyme catalyses the first step of carbon fixation in C4 photosynthesis, contributing to the high photosynthetic efficiency of C4 plants. PEPC is also involved in replenishing tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, such as OAA, being involved in the C/N balance. In plants, PEPCs are classified in two types: bacterial type (BTPC) and plant-type (PTPC), which includes photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic PEPCs. During C4 evolution, photosynthetic PEPCs evolved independently. C4 PEPCs evolved to be highly expressed and active in a spatial-specific manner. Their gene expression pattern is also regulated by developmental cues, light, circadian clock as well as adverse environmental conditions. However, the gene regulatory networks controlling C4 PEPC gene expression, namely its cell-specificity, are largely unknown. Therefore, after an introduction to the evolution of PEPCs, this review aims to discuss the current knowledge regarding the transcriptional regulation of C4 PEPCs, focusing on cell-specific and developmental expression dynamics, light and circadian regulation, as well as response to abiotic stress. In conclusion, this review aims to highlight the evolution, transcriptional regulation by different signals and importance of PEPC in C4 photosynthesis and its potential as tool for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Carvalho
- Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Célia Gomes
- Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Nelson J.M. Saibo
- Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Oeiras, Portugal
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26
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Liu J, Wennberg PO. An emergent constraint on the thermal sensitivity of photosynthesis and greenness in the high latitude northern forests. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6189. [PMID: 38485968 PMCID: PMC11319809 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56362-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the general consensus that the warming over the high latitudes northern forests (HLNF) has led to enhanced photosynthetic activity and contributed to the greening trend, isolating the impact of temperature increase on photosynthesis and greenness has been difficult due to the concurring influence of the CO2 fertilization effect. Here, using an ensemble of simulations from biogeochemical models that have contributed to the Trends in Net Land Atmosphere Carbon Exchange project (TRENDY), we identify an emergent relationship between the simulation of the climate-driven temporal changes in both gross primary productivity (GPP) and greenness (Leaf Area Index, LAI) and the model's spatial sensitivity of these quantities to growing-season (GS) temperature. Combined with spatially-resolved observations of LAI and GPP, we estimate that GS-LAI and GS-GPP increase by 17.0 ± 2.4% and 24.0 ± 3.0% per degree of warming, respectively. The observationally-derived sensitivities of LAI and GPP to temperature are about 40% and 71% higher, respectively, than the mean of the ensemble of simulations from TRENDY, primarily due to the model underestimation of the sensitivity of light use efficiency to temperature. We estimate that the regional mean GS-GPP increased 28.2 ± 5.1% between 1983-1986 and 2013-2016, much larger than the 5.8 ± 1.4% increase from the CO2 fertilization effect implied by Wenzel et al. This suggests that warming, not CO2 fertilization, is primarily responsible for the observed dramatic changes in the HLNF biosphere over the last century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Liu
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA.
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA.
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27
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Zhou R, Hyldgaard B, Abdelhakim L, Mendanha T, Driever S, Cammarano D, Rosenqvist E, Ottosen CO. Interactive Effects of Temperature, Water Regime, and [CO 2] on Wheats with Different Heat Susceptibilities. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:830. [PMID: 38592830 PMCID: PMC10974624 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Plants' response to single environmental changes can be highly distinct from the response to multiple changes. The effects of a single environmental factor on wheat growth have been well documented. However, the interactive influences of multiple factors on different wheat genotypes need further investigation. Here, treatments of three important growth factors, namely water regime, temperature, and CO2 concentration ([CO2]), were applied to compare the response of two wheat genotypes with different heat sensitivities. The temperature response curves showed that both genotypes showed more variations at elevated [CO2] (e[CO2]) than ambient [CO2] (a[CO2]) when the plants were treated under different water regimes and temperatures. This corresponded to the results of water use efficiency at the leaf level. At e[CO2], heat-tolerant 'Gladius' showed a higher net photosynthetic rate (Pn), while heat-susceptible 'Paragon' had a lower Pn at reduced water, as compared with full water availability. The temperature optimum for photosynthesis in wheat was increased when the growth temperature was high, while the leaf carbon/nitrogen was increased via a reduced water regime. Generally, water regime, temperature and [CO2] have significant interactive effects on both wheat genotypes. Two wheat genotypes showed different physiological responses to different combinations of environmental factors. Our investigation concerning the interactions of multi-environmental factors on wheat will benefit the future wheat climate-response study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, DK-8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (B.H.); (L.A.); (T.M.); (C.-O.O.)
| | - Benita Hyldgaard
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, DK-8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (B.H.); (L.A.); (T.M.); (C.-O.O.)
| | - Lamis Abdelhakim
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, DK-8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (B.H.); (L.A.); (T.M.); (C.-O.O.)
| | - Thayna Mendanha
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, DK-8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (B.H.); (L.A.); (T.M.); (C.-O.O.)
| | - Steven Driever
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University, Bornsesteeg 48, 6708 PE Wageningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Davide Cammarano
- Department of Agroecology, iClimate, CBIO, Aarhus University, 8830 Tjele, Denmark;
| | - Eva Rosenqvist
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2630 Taastrup, Denmark;
| | - Carl-Otto Ottosen
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, DK-8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (B.H.); (L.A.); (T.M.); (C.-O.O.)
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28
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Ludwig M, Hartwell J, Raines CA, Simkin AJ. The Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle in C 4 and Crassulacean acid metabolism species. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 155:10-22. [PMID: 37544777 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
The Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) cycle is the ancestral CO2 assimilation pathway and is found in all photosynthetic organisms. Biochemical extensions to the CBB cycle have evolved that allow the resulting pathways to act as CO2 concentrating mechanisms, either spatially in the case of C4 photosynthesis or temporally in the case of Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM). While the biochemical steps in the C4 and CAM pathways are known, questions remain on their integration and regulation with CBB cycle activity. The application of omic and transgenic technologies is providing a more complete understanding of the biochemistry of C4 and CAM species and will also provide insight into the CBB cycle in these plants. As the global population increases, new solutions are required to increase crop yields and meet demands for food and other bioproducts. Previous work in C3 species has shown that increasing carbon assimilation through genetic manipulation of the CBB cycle can increase biomass and yield. There may also be options to improve photosynthesis in species using C4 photosynthesis and CAM through manipulation of the CBB cycle in these plants. This is an underexplored strategy and requires more basic knowledge of CBB cycle operation in these species to enable approaches for increased productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Ludwig
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - James Hartwell
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | | | - Andrew J Simkin
- University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK; School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK
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29
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Cabrita PJV. Water exchange between the Chlorenchyma and the Hydrenchyma and its physiological role in leaves with Crassulacean acid metabolism. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14221. [PMID: 38450837 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Direct and non-destructive measurements of plant-water relations of plants exhibiting the Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) photosynthetic pathway are seldom addressed, with most findings inferred from gas exchange measurements. The main focus of this paper was to study how the water exchange between the chlorenchyma and the hydrenchyma depends on and follows the CAM photosynthetic diel pattern using non-invasive and continuous methods. Gas exchange and leaf patch clamp pressure probe (LPCP) measurements were performed on Aloe vera (L.) Burm f., a CAM species, and compared to measurements on banana (Musa acuminata Colla), a C3 species. The LPCP output pressure, Pp , of Aloe vera plants follows its diel CAM photosynthetic cycle, reversed to that observed in banana and other C3 species. The four phases of CAM photosynthesis can also be identified in the diel LPCP output pressure, Pp , cycle. The Pp values in Aloe vera are determined by the hydrenchyma turgor pressure, with both parameters being reversely related. A non-invasive and continuous assessment of the water exchange between the chlorenchyma and the hydrenchyma in CAM plants, namely, by following the changes in the hydrenchyma turgor pressure, is presented. However, showing once more how the LPCP output pressure, Pp , depends on the leaf structure, such an approach can be used to study plant-water relations in other CAM species with a leaf structure similar to Aloe vera, with the hydrenchyma composing most of the leaf volume.
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Zeng ZL, Wang XQ, Zhang SB, Huang W. Mesophyll conductance limits photosynthesis in fluctuating light under combined drought and heat stresses. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 194:1498-1511. [PMID: 37956105 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Drought and heat stresses usually occur concomitantly in nature, with increasing frequency and intensity of both stresses expected due to climate change. The synergistic agricultural impacts of these compound climate extremes are much greater than those of the individual stresses. However, the mechanisms by which drought and heat stresses separately and concomitantly affect dynamic photosynthesis have not been thoroughly assessed. To elucidate this, we used tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seedlings to measure dynamic photosynthesis under individual and compound stresses of drought and heat. Individual drought and heat stresses limited dynamic photosynthesis at the stages of diffusional conductance to CO2 and biochemistry, respectively. However, the primary limiting factor for photosynthesis shifted to mesophyll conductance under the compound stresses. Compared with the control, photosynthetic carbon gain in fluctuating light decreased by 38%, 73%, and 114% under the individual drought, heat, and compound stresses, respectively. Therefore, compound stresses caused a greater reduction in photosynthetic carbon gain in fluctuating light conditions than individual stress. These findings highlight the importance of mitigating the effects of compound climate extremes on crop productivity by targeting mesophyll conductance and improving dynamic photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Lan Zeng
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Qian Wang
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Shi-Bao Zhang
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
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Markos N, Preisler Y, Radoglou K, Rotenberg E, Yakir D. Physiological and phenological adjustments in water and carbon fluxes of Aleppo pine forests under contrasting climates in the Eastern Mediterranean. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:tpad125. [PMID: 37788052 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
The ability of plants to adjust to the adverse effects of climate change is important for their survival and for their contribution to the global carbon cycle. This is particularly true in the Mediterranean region, which is among the regions that are most vulnerable to climate change. Here, we carried out a 2-year comparative ecophysiological study of ecosystem function in two similar Eastern Mediterranean forests of the same tree species (Pinus halepensis Mill.) under mild (Sani, Greece) and extreme (Yatir, Israel) climatic conditions. The partial effects of key environmental variables, including radiation, vapor pressure deficit, air temperature and soil moisture (Rg, D, T and soil water content (SWC), respectively), on the ecosystems' CO2 and water vapor fluxes were estimated using generalized additive models (GAMs). The results showed a large adjustment between sites in the seasonal patterns of both carbon and water fluxes and in the time and duration of the optimal period (defined here as the time when fluxes were within 85% of the seasonal maximum). The GAM analysis indicated that the main factor influencing the seasonal patterns was SWC, while T and D had significant but milder effects. During the respective optimal periods, the two ecosystems showed strong similarities in the fluxes' responses to the measured environmental variables, indicating similarity in their underlying physiological characteristics. The results indicate that Aleppo pine forests have a strong phenotypic adjustment potential to cope with increasing environmental stresses. This, in turn, will help their survival and their continued contribution to the terrestrial carbon sink in the face of climate change in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikos Markos
- Department of Forestry and Management of Environment and Natural Resources, Democritus University of Thrace, Pantazidou 193, 68200, N. Orestiada, Greece
| | - Yakir Preisler
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl St., Rehovot 7610001, Israel
- Plant Science institute, Agricultural Research Organization,-The Volcani Institute, Hamakabim 68 Rishon Letzion 7505101, Israel
| | - Kalliopi Radoglou
- Department of Forestry and Management of Environment and Natural Resources, Democritus University of Thrace, Pantazidou 193, 68200, N. Orestiada, Greece
| | - Eyal Rotenberg
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl St., Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Dan Yakir
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl St., Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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Vanaja M, Sarkar B, Sathish P, Jyothi Lakshmi N, Yadav SK, Mohan C, Sushma A, Yashavanth BS, Srinivasa Rao M, Prabhakar M, Singh VK. Elevated CO 2 ameliorates the high temperature stress effects on physio-biochemical, growth, yield traits of maize hybrids. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2928. [PMID: 38316909 PMCID: PMC10844601 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53343-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The rising temperatures and levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are anticipated to have a significant impact on the productivity of agricultural crops. Although, the individual effects of elevated CO2 and temperature have been extensively studied in C3 and C4 crops, there remains a scarcity of research investigating their interactive effects specifically on maize hybrids. The impact of elevated temperature and its interaction with elevated CO2 on phenology, physiology, biomass, and grain yield of maize hybrids was assessed in a field experiment using Free Air Temperature Elevation (FATE) facility. The results showed that elevated temperature (eT) increased the anthesis silking interval (ASI), while the presence of elevated CO2 along with elevated temperature (eT + eCO2) mitigated this effect. The differential expression were observed between hybrids depending on their genetic potential. Furthermore, the net photosynthetic rate (Anet), stomatal conductance (gs), and transpiration rate (Tr) of hybrids decreased under elevated temperature but eT + eCO2 condition helped in reverting its impact to some extent. In term of leaf composition, the highest level of total soluble sugars (TSS) and starch was observed under eT + eCO2 conditions, possibly due to improved Anet in the presence of elevated eCO2. The negative impact of eT was also evident through increased proline and MDA content, but eT + eCO2 ameliorated the adverse effect of eT. The biomass and grain yield also responded similarly, among the hybrids 900M GOLD recorded superior performance for grain yield at eT condition exceeding 35 °C. On the other hand, DHM117 experienced a significant reduction in grain yield under eT, but performed better under eT + eCO2 due to its improved physiological response to eCO2. The study indicated that elevated levels of carbon dioxide can actually mitigate the detrimental effects of elevated temperature on maize crop. This positive impact on maize crop can be attributed to an enhanced physiological performance in the presence of eCO2 which enables the plants to maintain satisfactory yield levels despite the challenging environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vanaja
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santoshnagar, Hyderabad, TS, 500 059, India
| | - B Sarkar
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santoshnagar, Hyderabad, TS, 500 059, India.
| | - P Sathish
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santoshnagar, Hyderabad, TS, 500 059, India
| | - N Jyothi Lakshmi
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santoshnagar, Hyderabad, TS, 500 059, India
| | - S K Yadav
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santoshnagar, Hyderabad, TS, 500 059, India
| | - Ch Mohan
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santoshnagar, Hyderabad, TS, 500 059, India
| | - A Sushma
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santoshnagar, Hyderabad, TS, 500 059, India
| | - B S Yashavanth
- ICAR-National Academy of Agricultural Research Management, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India
| | - M Srinivasa Rao
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santoshnagar, Hyderabad, TS, 500 059, India
| | - M Prabhakar
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santoshnagar, Hyderabad, TS, 500 059, India
| | - V K Singh
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santoshnagar, Hyderabad, TS, 500 059, India
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Shi T, Fan D, Xu C, Zheng G, Zhong C, Feng F, Chow WS. The Fitting of the OJ Phase of Chlorophyll Fluorescence Induction Based on an Analytical Solution and Its Application in Urban Heat Island Research. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:452. [PMID: 38337985 PMCID: PMC10857409 DOI: 10.3390/plants13030452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence induction (FI) upon a dark-light transition has been widely analyzed to derive information on initial events of energy conversion and electron transfer in photosystem II (PSII). However, currently, there is no analytical solution to the differential equation of QA reduction kinetics, raising a doubt about the fitting of FI by numerical iteration solution. We derived an analytical solution to fit the OJ phase of FI, thereby yielding estimates of three parameters: the functional absorption cross-section of PSII (σPSII), a probability parameter that describes the connectivity among PSII complexes (p), and the rate coefficient for QA- oxidation (kox). We found that σPSII, p, and kox exhibited dynamic changes during the transition from O to J. We postulated that in high excitation light, some other energy dissipation pathways may vastly outcompete against excitation energy transfer from a closed PSII trap to an open PSII, thereby giving the impression that connectivity seemingly does not exist. We also conducted a case study on the urban heat island effect on the heat stability of PSII using our method and showed that higher-temperature-acclimated leaves had a greater σPSII, lower kox, and a tendency of lower p towards more shade-type characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongxin Shi
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (T.S.)
| | - Dayong Fan
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (T.S.)
| | - Chengyang Xu
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (T.S.)
| | - Guoming Zheng
- Yi Zong Qi Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 100095, China
| | - Chuanfei Zhong
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Fei Feng
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (T.S.)
| | - Wah Soon Chow
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia
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Opoku E, Sahu PP, Findurová H, Holub P, Urban O, Klem K. Differential physiological and production responses of C3 and C4 crops to climate factor interactions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1345462. [PMID: 38371407 PMCID: PMC10869619 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1345462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
This study examined the effect of the interactions of key factors associated with predicted climate change (increased temperature, and drought) and elevated CO2 concentration on C3 and C4 crop representatives, barley and sorghum. The effect of two levels of atmospheric CO2 concentration (400 and 800 ppm), three levels of temperature regime (21/7, 26/12 and 33/19°C) and two regimes of water availability (simulation of drought by gradual reduction of irrigation and well-watered control) in all combinations was investigated in a pot experiment within growth chambers for barley variety Bojos and sorghum variety Ruby. Due to differences in photosynthetic metabolism in C3 barley and C4 sorghum, leading to different responses to elevated CO2 concentration, we hypothesized mitigation of the negative drought impact in barley under elevated CO2 concentration and, conversely, improved performance of sorghum at high temperatures. The results demonstrate the decoupling of photosynthetic CO2 assimilation and production parameters in sorghum. High temperatures and elevated CO2 concentration resulted in a significant increase in sorghum above- and below-ground biomass under sufficient water availability despite the enhanced sensitivity of photosynthesis to high temperatures. However, the negative effect of drought is amplified by the effect of high temperature, similarly for biomass and photosynthetic rates. Sorghum also showed a mitigating effect of elevated CO2 concentration on the negative drought impact, particularly in reducing the decrease of relative water content in leaves. In barley, no significant factor interactions were observed, indicating the absence of mitigating the negative drought effects by elevated CO2 concentration. These complex interactions imply that, unlike barley, sorghum can be predicted to have a much higher variability in response to climate change. However, under conditions combining elevated CO2 concentration, high temperature, and sufficient water availability, the outperforming of C4 crops can be expected. On the contrary, the C3 crops can be expected to perform even better under drought conditions when accompanied by lower temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Opoku
- Laboratory of Ecological Plant Physiology, Global Change Research Institute Czech Academy of Sciences (CAS), Brno, Czechia
- Department of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Pranav Pankaj Sahu
- Laboratory of Ecological Plant Physiology, Global Change Research Institute Czech Academy of Sciences (CAS), Brno, Czechia
| | - Hana Findurová
- Laboratory of Ecological Plant Physiology, Global Change Research Institute Czech Academy of Sciences (CAS), Brno, Czechia
- Department of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Petr Holub
- Laboratory of Ecological Plant Physiology, Global Change Research Institute Czech Academy of Sciences (CAS), Brno, Czechia
| | - Otmar Urban
- Laboratory of Ecological Plant Physiology, Global Change Research Institute Czech Academy of Sciences (CAS), Brno, Czechia
| | - Karel Klem
- Laboratory of Ecological Plant Physiology, Global Change Research Institute Czech Academy of Sciences (CAS), Brno, Czechia
- Department of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
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Habermann E, Dias de Oliveira EA, Bianconi ME, Contin DR, Lemos MTO, Costa JVCP, Oliveira KS, Riul BN, Bonifácio-Anacleto F, Viciedo DO, Approbato AU, Alzate-Marin AL, Prado RDM, Costa KADP, Martinez CA. Balancing trade-offs: Enhanced carbon assimilation and productivity with reduced nutritional value in a well-watered C 4 pasture under a warmer CO 2-enriched atmosphere. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 207:108408. [PMID: 38367386 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
The concentration of atmospheric CO2 and temperature are pivotal components of ecosystem productivity, carbon balance, and food security. In this study, we investigated the impacts of a warmer climate (+2 °C above ambient temperature) and an atmosphere enriched with CO2 (600 ppm) on gas exchange, antioxidant enzymatic system, growth, nutritive value, and digestibility of a well-watered, managed pasture of Megathyrsus maximus, a tropical C4 forage grass, under field conditions. Elevated [CO2] (eC) improved photosynthesis and reduced stomatal conductance, resulting in increased water use efficiency and plant C content. Under eC, stem biomass production increased without a corresponding increase in leaf biomass, leading to a smaller leaf/stem ratio. Additionally, eC had negative impacts on forage nutritive value and digestibility. Elevated temperature (eT) increased photosynthetic gains, as well as stem and leaf biomass production. However, it reduced P and K concentration, forage nutritive value, and digestibility. Under the combined conditions of eC and eT (eCeT), eT completely offset the effects of eC on the leaf/stem ratio. However, eT intensified the effects of eC on photosynthesis, leaf C concentration, biomass accumulation, and nutritive value. This resulted in a forage with 12% more acid detergent fiber content and 28% more lignin. Additionally, there was a decrease of 19% in crude protein leading to a 15% decrease in forage digestibility. These changes could potentially affect animal feeding efficiency and feedback climate change, as ruminants may experience an amplification in methane emissions. Our results highlight the critical significance of conducting multifactorial field studies when evaluating plant responses to climate change variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Habermann
- Department of Biology, Ribeirão Preto School of Philosophy, Science and Literature (FFCLRP), University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Augusto Dias de Oliveira
- Department of Biology, Ribeirão Preto School of Philosophy, Science and Literature (FFCLRP), University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Matheus Enrique Bianconi
- Department of Biology, Ribeirão Preto School of Philosophy, Science and Literature (FFCLRP), University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniele Ribeiro Contin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ribeirão Preto School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (FCFRP), University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Teresa Oliverio Lemos
- Department of Biology, Ribeirão Preto School of Philosophy, Science and Literature (FFCLRP), University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Kamilla Silva Oliveira
- Department of Agricultural Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Access Road Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane No number, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Neroni Riul
- Department of Biology, Ribeirão Preto School of Philosophy, Science and Literature (FFCLRP), University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Bonifácio-Anacleto
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Dilier Olivera Viciedo
- Institute of Agrifood, Animals and Environmental Sciences, Universidad de O'Higgins, San Fernando, Chile
| | - Andressa Uehara Approbato
- Department of Biology, Ribeirão Preto School of Philosophy, Science and Literature (FFCLRP), University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Lilia Alzate-Marin
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Renato de Mello Prado
- Department of Agricultural Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Access Road Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane No number, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos Alberto Martinez
- Department of Biology, Ribeirão Preto School of Philosophy, Science and Literature (FFCLRP), University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Ye J, Yang J, Zheng R, Yu J, Jiang X, Li S, Jiang M. Physiological response and tolerance of Sesuvium portulacastrum L. to low temperature stress. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 30:269-285. [PMID: 38623159 PMCID: PMC11016044 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-024-01429-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The plant Sesuvium portulacastrum L., commonly referred to as sea purslane, is a perennial halophytic species with significant potential for development in marine ecological restoration. However, its growth is limited in high-latitude regions with lower temperatures due to its subtropical nature. Furthermore, literature on its cold tolerance is scarce. This study, therefore, focused on sea purslane plants naturally overwintering in Ningbo (29°77'N), investigating their morphological, histological, rooting, and physiological responses to low temperatures (7 °C, 11 °C, 15 °C, and 19 °C). The findings indicated an escalation in cold damage severity with decreasing temperatures. At 7 °C, the plants failed to root and subsequently perished. In contrast, at 11 °C, root systems developed, while at 15 °C and 19 °C, the plants exhibited robust growth, outperforming the 11 °C group in terms of leaf number and root length significantly (P < 0.05). Histological analyses showed a marked reduction in leaf thickness under cold stress (P < 0.05), with disorganized leaf structure observed in the 7 °C group, whereas it remained stable at higher temperatures. No root primordia were evident in the vascular cambium of the 7 and 11 °C groups, in contrast to the 15 and 19 °C groups. Total chlorophyll content decreased with temperature, following the order: 19 °C > 15 °C > 11 °C > 7 °C. Notably, ascorbic acid levels were significantly higher in the 7 and 11 °C groups than in the 15 and 19 °C groups. Additionally, the proline concentration in the 7 °C group was approximately fourfold higher than in the 19 °C group. Activities of antioxidant enzymes-superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase-were significantly elevated in the 7 and 11 °C groups compared to the 15 and 19 °C groups. Moreover, the malondialdehyde content in the 7 °C group (36.63 ± 1.75 nmol/g) was significantly higher, about 5.5 and 9.6 times, compared to the 15 °C and 19 °C groups, respectively. In summary, 7 °C is a critical threshold for sea purslane stem segments; below this temperature, cellular homeostasis is disrupted, leading to an excessive accumulation of lipid peroxides and subsequent death due to an inability to neutralize excess reactive oxygen species. At 11 °C, although photosynthesis is impaired, self-protective mechanisms such as enhanced antioxidative systems and osmoregulation are activated. However, root development is compromised, resulting in stunted growth. These results contribute to expanding the geographic distribution of sea purslane and provide a theoretical basis for its ecological restoration in high-latitude mariculture. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-024-01429-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingtao Ye
- Key Laboratory for Green Mariculture of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315832 Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingyi Yang
- Key Laboratory for Green Mariculture of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315832 Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Rou Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Green Mariculture of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315832 Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiawen Yu
- Key Laboratory for Green Mariculture of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315832 Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiamin Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Green Mariculture of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315832 Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Sheng Li
- Xiangshan Laifa Aquaculture Hatchery Facility, Ningbo, 315704 Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Maowang Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Green Mariculture of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315832 Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China
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Garen JC, Michaletz ST. Fast Assimilation-Temperature Response: a FAsTeR method for measuring the temperature dependence of leaf-level photosynthesis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:1361-1372. [PMID: 37984070 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
We present the Fast Assimilation-Temperature Response (FAsTeR) method, a new method for measuring plant assimilation-temperature (AT) response that reduces measurement time and increases data density compared with conventional methods. The FAsTeR method subjects plant leaves to a linearly increasing temperature ramp while taking rapid, nonequilibrium measurements of gas exchange variables. Two postprocessing steps are employed to correct measured assimilation rates for nonequilibrium effects and sensor calibration drift. Results obtained with the new method are compared with those from two conventional stepwise methods. Our new method accurately reproduces results obtained from conventional methods, reduces measurement time by a factor of c. 3.3 (from c. 90 to 27 min), and increases data density by a factor of c. 55 (from c. 10 to c. 550 observations). Simulation results demonstrate that increased data density substantially improves confidence in parameter estimates and drastically reduces the influence of noise. By improving measurement speed and data density, the FAsTeR method enables users to ask fundamentally new kinds of ecological and physiological questions, expediting data collection in short-field campaigns, and improving the representativeness of data across species in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef C Garen
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research Centre, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Sean T Michaletz
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research Centre, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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Pace BA, Perales HR, Gonzalez-Maldonado N, Mercer KL. Physiological traits contribute to growth and adaptation of Mexican maize landraces. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0290815. [PMID: 38300909 PMCID: PMC10833551 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Local adaptation of populations results from an interplay between their environment and genetics. If functional trait variation influences plant performance, populations can adapt to their local environment. However, populations may also respond plastically to environmental challenges, altering phenotype without shifting allele frequencies. The level of local adaptation in crop landraces and their capacity for plasticity in response to environmental change may predict their continued utility to farmers facing climate change. Yet we understand little about how physiological traits potentially underlying local adaptation of cultivars influence fitness. Farmers in Mexico-the crop center of origin for maize-manage and rely upon a high diversity of landraces. We studied maize grown in Chiapas, Mexico, where strong elevational gradients cover a relatively small geographic area. We reciprocally transplanted 12 populations sourced from three elevational zones (600, 1550 and 2150 m) back into those elevations for two years using a modified split-split plot design to model effects of environment, genetics, and their interaction. We studied physiological and growth traits, including photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, stomatal density, relative growth rate (RGR), and seed production. Maize fitness showed indications of local adaptation with highland and midland types performing poorly at warmer lowland locations, though patterns depended on the year. Several physiological traits, including stomatal conductance, were affected by G x E interactions, some of which indicated non-adaptive plastic responses with potential fitness implications. We discerned a significant positive relationship between fitness and relative growth rate. Growth rates in highland landraces were outperformed by midland and lowland landraces grown in high temperature, lowland garden. Lowland landrace stomatal conductance was diminished compared to that of highland landraces in the cooler highland garden. Thus, both adaptive and non-adaptive physiological responses of maize landraces in southern Mexico may have implications for fitness, as well as responses to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A. Pace
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Hugo R. Perales
- Department of Agroecology, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Noelymar Gonzalez-Maldonado
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Kristin L. Mercer
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
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Zhang Y, Wu L, Jebari A, Collins AL. Impacts of reduced synthetic fertiliser use under current and future climates: Exploration using integrated agroecosystem modelling in the upper River Taw observatory, UK. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 351:119732. [PMID: 38064984 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
The intensification of farming and increased nitrogen fertiliser use, to satisfy the growing population demand, contributed to the extant climate change crisis. Use of synthetic fertilisers in agriculture is a significant source of anthropogenic Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions, especially potent nitrous oxide (N2O). To achieve the ambitious policy target for net zero by 2050 in the UK, it is crucial to understand the impacts of potential reductions in fertiliser use on multiple ecosystem services, including crop production, GHG emissions and soil organic carbon (SOC) storge. A novel integrated modelling approach using three established agroecosystem models (SPACSYS, CSM and RothC) was implemented to evaluate the associated impacts of fertiliser reduction (10%, 30% and 50%) under current and projected climate scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) in a study catchment in Southwest England. 48 unique combinations of soil types, climate conditions and fertiliser inputs were evaluated for five major arable crops plus improved grassland. With a 30% reduction in fertiliser inputs, the estimated yield loss under current climate ranged between 11% and 30% for arable crops compared with a 20-24% and 6-22% reduction in N2O and methane emissions, respectively. Biomass was reduced by 10-25% aboveground and by <12% for the root system. Relative to the baseline scenario, soil type dependent reductions in SOC sequestration rates are predicted under future climate with reductions in fertiliser inputs. Losses in SOC were more than doubled under the RCP4.5 scenario. The emissions from energy use, including embedded emissions from fertiliser manufacture, was a significant source (14-48%) for all arable crops and the associated GWP20.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhang
- Net Zero and Resilient Farming, Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon, EX20 2SB, UK.
| | - L Wu
- Net Zero and Resilient Farming, Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon, EX20 2SB, UK
| | - A Jebari
- Net Zero and Resilient Farming, Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon, EX20 2SB, UK
| | - A L Collins
- Net Zero and Resilient Farming, Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon, EX20 2SB, UK
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Posch BC. How a boiling river is helping to highlight the risks of warming for tropical forests. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:1381-1383. [PMID: 38192069 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
This article is a Commentary on Kullberg et al. (2024), 241: 1447–1463.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley C Posch
- Department of Research, Conservation, and Collections, Desert Botanical Garden, Phoenix, AZ, 85008, USA
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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Chen X, Li J, Peñuelas J, Li X, Hu D, Wang M, Zhong Q, Cheng D. Temperature dependence of carbon metabolism in the leaves in sun and shade in a subtropical forest. Oecologia 2024; 204:59-69. [PMID: 38091103 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-023-05487-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Rising temperatures pose a threat to the stability of climate regulation by carbon metabolism in subtropical forests. Although the effects of temperature on leaf carbon metabolism traits in sun-exposed leaves are well understood, there is limited knowledge about its impacts on shade leaves and the implications for ecosystem-climate feedbacks. In this study, we measured temperature response curves of photosynthesis and respiration for 62 woody species in summer (including both evergreen and deciduous species) and 20 evergreen species in winter. The aim was to uncover the temperature dependence of carbon metabolism in both sun and shade leaves in subtropical forests. Our findings reveal that shade had no significant effects on the mean optimum photosynthetic temperatures (TOpt) or temperature range (T90). However, there were decreases observed in mean stomatal conductance, mean area-based photosynthetic rates at TOpt and 25 °C, as well as mean area-based dark respiration rates at 25 °C in both evergreen and deciduous species. Moreover, the respiration-temperature sensitivity (Q10) of sun leaves was higher than that of shade leaves in winter, with the reverse being true in summer. Leaf economics spectrum traits, such as leaf mass per area, and leaf concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus across species, proved to be good predictors of TOpt, T90, mass-based photosynthetic rate at TOpt, and mass-based photosynthetic and respiration rate at 25 °C. However, Q10 was poorly predicted by these leaf economics spectrum traits except for shade leaves in winter. Our results suggest that model estimates of carbon metabolism in multilayered subtropical forest canopies do not necessitate independent parameterization of T90 and TOpt temperature responses in sun and shade leaves. Nevertheless, a deeper understanding and quantification of canopy variations in Q10 responses to temperature are necessary to confirm the generality of temperature-carbon metabolism trait responses and enhance ecosystem model estimates of carbon dynamics under future climate warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Process (Ministry of Education), College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Tourism, Resources and Environment, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, Shandong, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology, College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jinlong Li
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Process (Ministry of Education), College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology, College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- Global Ecology Unit, CSIC, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Xueqin Li
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Process (Ministry of Education), College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology, College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dandan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Process (Ministry of Education), College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology, College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mantang Wang
- College of Tourism, Resources and Environment, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, Shandong, China
| | - Quanlin Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Process (Ministry of Education), College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology, College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dongliang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Process (Ministry of Education), College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology, College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China.
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Zotz G, Andrade JL, Einzmann HJR. CAM plants: their importance in epiphyte communities and prospects with global change. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2023; 132:685-698. [PMID: 36617243 PMCID: PMC10799991 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcac158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND SCOPE The epiphytic life form characterizes almost 10 % of all vascular plants. Defined by structural dependence throughout their life and their non-parasitic relationship with the host, the term epiphyte describes a heterogeneous and taxonomically diverse group of plants. This article reviews the importance of crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) among epiphytes in current climatic conditions and explores the prospects under global change. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS We question the view of a disproportionate importance of CAM among epiphytes and its role as a 'key innovation' for epiphytism but do identify ecological conditions in which epiphytic existence seems to be contingent on the presence of this photosynthetic pathway. Possibly divergent responses of CAM and C3 epiphytes to future changes in climate and land use are discussed with the help of experimental evidence, current distributional patterns and the results of several long-term descriptive community studies. The results and their interpretation aim to stimulate a fruitful discussion on the role of CAM in epiphytes in current climatic conditions and in altered climatic conditions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Zotz
- Functional Ecology Group, Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Box 5634, D-26046 Oldenburg, Germany
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Box 0843-03092, Panama, Republic of Panama
| | - José Luis Andrade
- Unidad de Recursos Naturales, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130, Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Helena J R Einzmann
- Functional Ecology Group, Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Box 5634, D-26046 Oldenburg, Germany
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Levine CP, Hayashi S, Ohmori Y, Kusano M, Kobayashi M, Nishizawa T, Kurimoto I, Kawabata S, Yamori W. Controlling root zone temperature improves plant growth and pigments in hydroponic lettuce. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2023; 132:455-470. [PMID: 37688538 PMCID: PMC10667003 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Air and root zone temperatures are important environmental factors affecting plant growth and yield. Numerous studies have demonstrated that air temperature strongly affects plant growth and development. Despite the extensive literature on air temperature, comprehensive studies on the effects of root zone temperature (RZT) on plant growth, elemental composition, and pigments are limited. In this study, we carefully observed the effects of RZT in red leaf lettuce to understand its effect on lettuce growth and pigment content. METHODS Lettuce (Lactuca sativa, red leaf cultivar 'Red Fire') was grown hydroponically in a plant factory with artificial light under three RZT treatments (15, 25, or 35 °C) for 13 days. We investigated the comprehensive effects of RZT on the production of red leaf lettuce by metabolome and ionome analyses. KEY RESULTS The 25 °C RZT treatment achieved maximum shoot and root dry weight. The 35 °C RZT decreased plant growth but significantly increased pigment contents (e.g. anthocyanins, carotenoids). In addition, a RZT heating treatment during plant cultivation that changed from 25 to 35 °C RZT for 8 days before harvest significantly increased shoot dry weight compared with the 35 °C RZT and significantly increased pigments compared with the 25 °C RZT. The 15 °C RZT resulted in significantly less pigment content relative to the 35 °C RZT. The 15 °C RZT also resulted in shoot and root dry weights greater than the 35 °C RZT but less than the 25 °C RZT. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that plant growth and pigments can be enhanced by adjusting RZT during different stages of plant growth to attain enhanced pigment contents while minimizing yield loss. This suggests that controlling RZT could be a viable method to improve lettuce quality via enhancement of pigment content quality while maintaining acceptable yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P Levine
- Institute for Sustainable Agro-ecosystem Services, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sota Hayashi
- Institute for Sustainable Agro-ecosystem Services, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ohmori
- Institute for Sustainable Agro-ecosystem Services, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miyako Kusano
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Japan
- Tsukuba-Plant Innovation Research Center (T-PIRC), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Japan
- Riken Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Makoto Kobayashi
- Riken Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomoko Nishizawa
- Riken Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ikusaburo Kurimoto
- Department of Information and Computer Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Kisarazu College, Kisarazu, Chiba, Japan
| | - Saneyuki Kawabata
- Institute for Sustainable Agro-ecosystem Services, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Yamori
- Institute for Sustainable Agro-ecosystem Services, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Kalra S, Patel NR, Pokhariyal S. Crop productivity estimation by integrating multisensor satellite, in situ, and eddy covariance data into efficiency-based model. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1495. [PMID: 37982896 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-12057-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Accurate and quantitative regional estimates of the carbon budget require an integration of eddy covariance (EC) flux-tower observations and remote sensing in ecosystem models. In this study, a simple remote sensing driven light use efficiency (LUE) model was used to estimate the primary productivity for major cropping systems using multi-temporal satellite data over the Saharanpur district in India.The model is based on radiation absorption and its conversion into biomass. The LUE model was implemented for major crop rotations derived from the time-series of Sentinel-2 and Landsat 8 with monthly satellite-based spatially explicit fields of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), fraction of absorbed PAR (fAPAR) and down-regulated light use efficiency. Incident PAR and fAPAR were estimated on monthly basis from the ground-calibrated empirical equation using INSAT-3D insolation product and remote sensing-based vegetation indices, respectively. Spatial LUE maps created by down-regulating maximum LUE (EC tower-based) with water and temperature stressors derived from land surface water index (LSWI) and EC-based cardinal temperature, respectively. LUE-based modeled GPP over the sugarcane-wheat system was found higher than the rice-wheat system in Saharanpur district. This is because C4 crop (sugarcane) has very high photosynthetic efficiency compared to C3 crops (rice and wheat). Modeled GPP over the sugarcane-wheat system was found in good agreement with observed EC tower-based GPP (Index of Agreement = 0.93). Further regionally calibrated remote sensing-based LUE model well captures gross photosynthesis rates (GPP) over cropland ecosystem compared to globally modeled MODIS GPP product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Kalra
- Agriculture & Soils Department, Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, ISRO, Govt. of India, 4, Kalidas Road, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248001, India
| | - N R Patel
- Agriculture & Soils Department, Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, ISRO, Govt. of India, 4, Kalidas Road, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248001, India
| | - Shweta Pokhariyal
- Agriculture & Soils Department, Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, ISRO, Govt. of India, 4, Kalidas Road, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248001, India.
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Knauer J, Cuntz M, Smith B, Canadell JG, Medlyn BE, Bennett AC, Caldararu S, Haverd V. Higher global gross primary productivity under future climate with more advanced representations of photosynthesis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh9444. [PMID: 37976364 PMCID: PMC10656065 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh9444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Gross primary productivity (GPP) is the key determinant of land carbon uptake, but its representation in terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs) does not reflect our latest physiological understanding. We implemented three empirically well supported but often omitted mechanisms into the TBM CABLE-POP: photosynthetic temperature acclimation, explicit mesophyll conductance, and photosynthetic optimization through redistribution of leaf nitrogen. We used the RCP8.5 climate scenario to conduct factorial model simulations characterizing the individual and combined effects of the three mechanisms on projections of GPP. Simulated global GPP increased more strongly (up to 20% by 2070-2099) in more comprehensive representations of photosynthesis compared to the model lacking the three mechanisms. The experiments revealed non-additive interactions among the mechanisms as combined effects were stronger than the sum of the individual effects. The modeled responses are explained by changes in the photosynthetic sensitivity to temperature and CO2 caused by the added mechanisms. Our results suggest that current TBMs underestimate GPP responses to future CO2 and climate conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Knauer
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- CSIRO Environment, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Matthias Cuntz
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR Silva, Nancy, France
| | - Benjamin Smith
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Belinda E. Medlyn
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Alison C. Bennett
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Science, University of Melbourne, Richmond, VIC, Australia
| | - Silvia Caldararu
- Botany, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- iCRAG SFI Research Centre in Applied Geosciences
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Sun T, Zhang X, Lv S, Lin X, Ma J, Liu J, Fang Q, Tang L, Liu L, Cao W, Liu B, Zhu Y. Improving the predictions of leaf photosynthesis during and after short-term heat stress with current rice models. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:3353-3370. [PMID: 37575035 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
In response to increasing global warming, extreme heat stress significantly alters photosynthetic production. While numerous studies have investigated the temperature effects on photosynthesis, factors like vapour pressure deficit (VPD), leaf nitrogen, and feedback of sink limitation during and after extreme heat stress remain underexplored. This study assessed photosynthesis calculations in seven rice growth models using observed maximum photosynthetic rate (Pmax ) during and after short-term extreme heat stress in multi-year environment-controlled experiments. Biochemical models (FvCB-type) outperformed light response curve-based models (LRC-type) when incorporating observed leaf nitrogen, photosynthetically active radiation, temperatures, and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci ) as inputs. Prediction uncertainty during heat stress treatment primarily resulted from variation in temperatures and Ci . Improving FVPD (the slope for the linear effect of VPD on Ci /Ca ) to be temperature-dependent, rather than constant as in original models, significantly improved Ci prediction accuracy under heat stress. Leaf nitrogen response functions led to model variation in leaf photosynthesis predictions after heat stress, which was mitigated by calibrated nitrogen response functions based on active photosynthetic nitrogen. Additionally, accounting for observed differences in carbohydrate accumulation between panicles and stems during grain filling improved the feedback of sink limitation, reducing Ci overestimation under heat stress treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Sun
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Engineering Research Center of Smart Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-product Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaohu Zhang
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Engineering Research Center of Smart Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Suyu Lv
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Engineering Research Center of Smart Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuanhao Lin
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Engineering Research Center of Smart Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jifeng Ma
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Engineering Research Center of Smart Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaming Liu
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Engineering Research Center of Smart Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qizhao Fang
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Engineering Research Center of Smart Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liang Tang
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Engineering Research Center of Smart Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Leilei Liu
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Engineering Research Center of Smart Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weixing Cao
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Engineering Research Center of Smart Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bing Liu
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Engineering Research Center of Smart Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Engineering Research Center of Smart Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Semenov AY, Tikhonov AN. Electrometric and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Measurements of a Difference in the Transmembrane Electrochemical Potential: Photosynthetic Subcellular Structures and Isolated Pigment-Protein Complexes. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:866. [PMID: 37999352 PMCID: PMC10673362 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13110866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
A transmembrane difference in the electrochemical potentials of protons (ΔμH+) serves as a free energy intermediate in energy-transducing organelles of the living cell. The contributions of two components of the ΔμH+ (electrical, Δψ, and concentrational, ΔpH) to the overall ΔμH+ value depend on the nature and lipid composition of the energy-coupling membrane. In this review, we briefly consider several of the most common instrumental (electrometric and EPR) methods for numerical estimations of Δψ and ΔpH. In particular, the kinetics of the flash-induced electrometrical measurements of Δψ in bacterial chromatophores, isolated bacterial reaction centers, and Photosystems I and II of the oxygenic photosynthesis, as well as the use of pH-sensitive molecular indicators and kinetic data regarding pH-dependent electron transport in chloroplasts, have been reviewed. Further perspectives on the application of these methods to solve some fundamental and practical problems of membrane bioenergetics are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Yu. Semenov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physical-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
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Suwannarut W, Vialet-Chabrand S, Kaiser E. Diurnal decline in photosynthesis and stomatal conductance in several tropical species. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1273802. [PMID: 37941668 PMCID: PMC10628437 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1273802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis (A) and stomatal conductance (gs) change diurnally due to internal signals, but the effects of diurnal rhythms on dynamic photosynthetic behavior are understudied. We examined diurnal changes in A and gs in ten tropical species: across species, there was a tendency for A and gs to decline diurnally when these were repeatedly measured under either steady-state or fluctuating irradiance conditions. We then examined in more detail the irradiance-induced kinetics of gas exchange in a C3 and C4 crop species each, namely fig (Ficus carica) and sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum). During the day, fig showed significantly slower photosynthetic induction and lower gs, as well as a slower gs increase, in the afternoon than in the morning and noon. Sugarcane showed a reduction in steady-state A reached under high irradiance and slower gs increase as well as lower gs reached under high irradiance, but no changes in the rate of photosynthetic induction, in the afternoon, compared to morning and noon. These reductions in the afternoon were not reverted by a dark treatment in the middle of the day, suggesting that the decrease was not proportional to diurnal time-integrated carbon fixation. Repeated exposure to light- and shadeflecks (1000 and 50 μmol m-2 s-1, lasting 20 min each) revealed fundamental differences in stomatal regulation between species: in fig, stomata opened and closed slowly, and their opening became progressively slower under a series of lightflecks, whereas sugarcane showed much faster stomatal opening than closure that was unchanged during the course of the day. Our results highlight that steady-state rates and irradiance-induced kinetics of photosynthesis and stomatal movement change diurnally in most species studied, and that they do so differently in fig and sugarcane.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elias Kaiser
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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Ukolova IV, Borovskii GB. OXPHOS Organization and Activity in Mitochondria of Plants with Different Life Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15229. [PMID: 37894910 PMCID: PMC10607765 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of the supramolecular organization of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS) in various eukaryotes has led to the accumulation of a considerable amount of data on the composition, stoichiometry, and architecture of its constituent superstructures. However, the link between the features of system arrangement and the biological characteristics of the studied organisms has been poorly explored. Here, we report a comparative investigation into supramolecular and functional OXPHOS organization in the mitochondria of etiolated shoots of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), maize (Zea mays L.), and pea (Pisum sativum L.). Investigations based on BN-PAGE, in-gel activity assays, and densitometric analysis revealed both similarities and specific OXPHOS features apparently related to the life strategies of each species. Frost-resistant winter wheat was distinguished by highly stable basic I1III2IVa/b respirasomes and V2 dimers, highly active complex I, and labile complex IV, which were probably essential for effective OXPHOS adaptation during hypothermia. Maize, a C4 plant, had the highly stable dimers IV2 and V2, less active complex I, and active alternative NAD(P)H dehydrogenases. The latter fact could contribute to successful chloroplast-mitochondrial cooperation, which is essential for highly efficient photosynthesis in this species. The pea OXPHOS contained detergent-resistant high-molecular respirasomes I1-2III2IVn, highly active complexes IV and V, and stable succinate dehydrogenase, suggesting an active energy metabolism in organelles of this plant. The results and conclusions are in good agreement with the literature data on the respiratory activity of mitochondria from these species and are summarized in a proposed scheme of organization of OXPHOS fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina V. Ukolova
- Laboratory of Physiological Genetics, Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia;
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Bruner SG, Palmer MI, Griffin KL, Naeem S. Planting design influences green infrastructure performance: Plant species identity and complementarity in rain gardens. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2023; 33:e2902. [PMID: 37345972 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Green infrastructure's capacity to mitigate urban environmental problems, like heat island effects and excessive stormwater runoff, is partially governed by its plant community. Traditionally, green infrastructure design has focused on engineered aspects, such as substrate and drainage, rather than on the properties of its living components. Since the functioning of these plant assemblages is controlled by ecophysiological processes that differ by species, the identity and relative abundance of the species used will influence green infrastructure performance. We used trait-based modeling to derive principles for the effective composition of green infrastructure plant assemblages, parameterizing our model using the vegetation and ecophysiological traits of the species within New York City rain gardens. Focusing on two plant traits that influence rain garden performance, leaf surface temperature and stomatal conductance, we simulated the cumulative temperature and transpiration for plant communities of differing species composition and diversity. The outcomes of the model demonstrate that plant species composition, species identity, selection effects, and interspecific complementarity increase green infrastructure performance in much the way biodiversity affects ecosystem functioning in natural systems. More diverse assemblages resulted in more consistent transpiration and surface temperatures, with the former showing a positive, saturating curve as diversity increased. While the dominant factors governing individual species leaf temperature were abiotic, transpiration was more influential at the community level, suggesting that plants within diverse communities may be cooler in aggregate than any individual species on its own. This implies green infrastructure should employ a variety of vegetation; particularly plants with different statures and physical attributes, such as low-growing ground covers, erect herbaceous perennials, and shrubs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah G Bruner
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Matthew I Palmer
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kevin L Griffin
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Shahid Naeem
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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