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Maciel F, Madureira L, Geada P, Teixeira JA, Silva J, Vicente AA. The potential of Pavlovophyceae species as a source of valuable carotenoids and polyunsaturated fatty acids for human consumption. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 74:108381. [PMID: 38777244 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2024.108381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Microalgae are a group of microorganisms, mostly photoautotrophs with high CO2 fixation capacity, that have gained increased attention in the last decades due to their ability to produce a wide range of valuable metabolites, such as carotenoids and polyunsaturated fatty acids, for application in food/feed, pharmaceutical, and cosmeceutical industries. Their increasing relevance has highlighted the importance of identifying and culturing new bioactive-rich microalgae species, as well as of a thorough understanding of the growth conditions to optimize the biomass production and master the biochemical composition according to the desired application. Thus, this review intends to describe the main cell processes behind the production of carotenoids and polyunsaturated fatty acids, in order to understand the possible main triggers responsible for the accumulation of those biocompounds. Their economic value and the biological relevance for human consumption are also summarized. In addition, an extensive review of the impact of culture conditions on microalgae growth performance and their biochemical composition is presented, focusing mainly on the studies involving Pavlovophyceae species. A complementary description of the biochemical composition of these microalgae is also presented, highlighting their potential applications as a promising bioresource of compounds for large-scale production and human and animal consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Maciel
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal; LABBELS -Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Leandro Madureira
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal.
| | - Pedro Geada
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal; LABBELS -Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - José António Teixeira
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal; LABBELS -Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Joana Silva
- ALLMICROALGAE, Natural Products S.A., R&D Department, Rua 25 de Abril 19, 2445-287 Pataias, Portugal.
| | - António Augusto Vicente
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal; LABBELS -Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
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2
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Hernández ML, Jiménez-López J, Cejudo FJ, Pérez-Ruiz JM. 2-Cys peroxiredoxins contribute to thylakoid lipid unsaturation by affecting ω-3 fatty acid desaturase 8. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:1521-1535. [PMID: 38386701 PMCID: PMC11142380 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Fatty acid unsaturation levels affect chloroplast function and plant acclimation to environmental cues. However, the regulatory mechanism(s) controlling fatty acid unsaturation in thylakoid lipids is poorly understood. Here, we have investigated the connection between chloroplast redox homeostasis and lipid metabolism by focusing on 2-Cys peroxiredoxins (Prxs), which play a central role in balancing the redox state within the organelle. The chloroplast redox network relies on NADPH-dependent thioredoxin reductase C (NTRC), which controls the redox balance of 2-Cys Prxs to maintain the reductive activity of redox-regulated enzymes. Our results show that Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants deficient in 2-Cys Prxs contain decreased levels of trienoic fatty acids, mainly in chloroplast lipids, indicating that these enzymes contribute to thylakoid membrane lipids unsaturation. This function of 2-Cys Prxs is independent of NTRC, the main reductant of these enzymes, hence 2-Cys Prxs operates beyond the classic chloroplast regulatory redox system. Moreover, the effect of 2-Cys Prxs on lipid metabolism is primarily exerted through the prokaryotic pathway of glycerolipid biosynthesis and fatty acid desaturase 8 (FAD8). While 2-Cys Prxs and FAD8 interact in leaf membranes as components of a large protein complex, the levels of FAD8 were markedly decreased when FAD8 is overexpressed in 2-Cys Prxs-deficient mutant backgrounds. These findings reveal a function for 2-Cys Prxs, possibly acting as a scaffold protein, affecting the unsaturation degree of chloroplast membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Luisa Hernández
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis , Universidad de Sevilla and CSIC, Avda. Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Julia Jiménez-López
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis , Universidad de Sevilla and CSIC, Avda. Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Cejudo
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis , Universidad de Sevilla and CSIC, Avda. Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Pérez-Ruiz
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis , Universidad de Sevilla and CSIC, Avda. Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
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3
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Shomo ZD, Mahboub S, Vanviratikul H, McCormick M, Tulyananda T, Roston RL, Warakanont J. All members of the Arabidopsis DGAT and PDAT acyltransferase families operate during high and low temperatures. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:685-697. [PMID: 38386316 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
The accumulation of triacylglycerol (TAG) in vegetative tissues is necessary to adapt to changing temperatures. It has been hypothesized that TAG accumulation is required as a storage location for maladaptive membrane lipids. The TAG acyltransferase family has five members (DIACYLGLYCEROL ACYLTRANSFERSE1/2/3 and PHOSPHOLIPID:DIACYLGLYCEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE1/2), and their individual roles during temperature challenges have either been described conflictingly or not at all. Therefore, we used Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) loss of function mutants in each acyltransferase to investigate the effects of temperature challenge on TAG accumulation, plasma membrane integrity, and temperature tolerance. All mutants were tested under one high- and two low-temperature regimens, during which we quantified lipids, assessed temperature sensitivity, and measured plasma membrane electrolyte leakage. Our findings revealed reduced effectiveness in TAG production during at least one temperature regimen for all acyltransferase mutants compared to the wild type, resolved conflicting roles of pdat1 and dgat1 by demonstrating their distinct temperature-specific actions, and uncovered that plasma membrane integrity and TAG accumulation do not always coincide, suggesting a multifaceted role of TAG beyond its conventional lipid reservoir function during temperature stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachery D Shomo
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Samira Mahboub
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | | | - Mason McCormick
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Tatpong Tulyananda
- School of Bioinnovation and Bio-Based Product Intelligence, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Rebecca L Roston
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Jaruswan Warakanont
- Department of Botany, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
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Mueller-Schuessele SJ, Leterme S, Michaud M. Plastid Transient and Stable Interactions with Other Cell Compartments. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2776:107-134. [PMID: 38502500 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3726-5_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Plastids are organelles delineated by two envelopes playing important roles in different cellular processes such as energy production or lipid biosynthesis. To regulate their biogenesis and their function, plastids have to communicate with other cellular compartments. This communication can be mediated by metabolites, signaling molecules, and by the establishment of direct contacts between the plastid envelope and other organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, peroxisomes, plasma membrane, and the nucleus. These interactions are highly dynamic and respond to different biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the mechanisms involved in the formation of plastid-organelle contact sites and their functions are still far from being understood. In this chapter, we summarize our current knowledge about plastid contact sites and their role in the regulation of plastid biogenesis and function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sébastien Leterme
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, CNRS, CEA, INRAE, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, IRIG, CEA Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Morgane Michaud
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, CNRS, CEA, INRAE, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, IRIG, CEA Grenoble, Grenoble, France.
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5
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Spät P, Krauspe V, Hess WR, Maček B, Nalpas N. Deep Proteogenomics of a Photosynthetic Cyanobacterium. J Proteome Res 2023; 22:1969-1983. [PMID: 37146978 PMCID: PMC10243305 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria, the evolutionary ancestors of plant chloroplasts, contribute substantially to the Earth's biogeochemical cycles and are of great interest for a sustainable economy. Knowledge of protein expression is the key to understanding cyanobacterial metabolism; however, proteome studies in cyanobacteria are limited and cover only a fraction of the theoretical proteome. Here, we performed a comprehensive proteogenomic analysis of the model cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 to characterize the expressed (phospho)proteome, re-annotate known and discover novel open reading frames (ORFs). By mapping extensive shotgun mass spectrometry proteomics data onto a six-frame translation of the Synechocystis genome, we refined the genomic annotation of 64 ORFs, including eight completely novel ORFs. Our study presents the largest reported (phospho)proteome dataset for a unicellular cyanobacterium, covering the expression of about 80% of the theoretical proteome under various cultivation conditions, such as nitrogen or carbon limitation. We report 568 phosphorylated S/T/Y sites that are present on numerous regulatory proteins, including the transcriptional regulators cyAbrB1 and cyAbrB2. We also catalogue the proteins that have never been detected under laboratory conditions and found that a large portion of them is plasmid-encoded. This dataset will serve as a resource, providing dedicated information on growth condition-dependent protein expression and phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Spät
- Quantitative
Proteomics, Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Vanessa Krauspe
- Genetics
& Experimental Bioinformatics, Institute of Biology III, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Wolfgang R. Hess
- Genetics
& Experimental Bioinformatics, Institute of Biology III, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Boris Maček
- Quantitative
Proteomics, Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nicolas Nalpas
- Quantitative
Proteomics, Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Bian J, Su X, Yuan X, Zhang Y, Lin J, Li X. Endoplasmic reticulum membrane contact sites: cross-talk between membrane-bound organelles in plant cells. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:2956-2967. [PMID: 36847172 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells contain organelles surrounded by monolayer or bilayer membranes. Organelles take part in highly dynamic and organized interactions at membrane contact sites, which play vital roles during development and response to stress. The endoplasmic reticulum extends throughout the cell and acts as an architectural scaffold to maintain the spatial distribution of other membrane-bound organelles. In this review, we highlight the structural organization, dynamics, and physiological functions of membrane contact sites between the endoplasmic reticulum and various membrane-bound organelles, especially recent advances in plants. We briefly introduce how the combined use of dynamic and static imaging techniques can enable monitoring of the cross-talk between organelles via membrane contact sites. Finally, we discuss future directions for research fields related to membrane contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Bian
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Institute of Tree Development and Genome Editing, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiao Su
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Institute of Tree Development and Genome Editing, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Institute of Tree Development and Genome Editing, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Institute of Tree Development and Genome Editing, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jinxing Lin
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Institute of Tree Development and Genome Editing, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Institute of Tree Development and Genome Editing, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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7
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Garrido A, Conde A, De Vos RCH, Cunha A. The influence of light microclimate on the lipid profile and associated transcripts of photosynthetically active grape berry seeds. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1022379. [PMID: 36684778 PMCID: PMC9846335 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1022379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Lipids and oils determine the quality and industrial value of grape seeds. Studies with legume seeds demonstrated the influence of light on lipid metabolism and its association with seed photosynthesis. Grape berry seeds are photosynthetically active till mature stage, but mostly during the green stage and veraison. The objective of this work was to compare the lipid profiles of seeds from white grape berries (cv. Alvarinho) growing at two contrasting light microclimates in the canopy (low and high light, LL and HL respectively), previously reported to have distinct photosynthetic competences. Berries were collected at three developmental stages (green, veraison and mature) and from both microclimates, and the seeds were analyzed for their lipid profiles in an untargeted manner using liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (LCMS). The seed lipid profiles differed greatly among berry developmental stages, and to a lesser extend between microclimates. The LL microclimate coincided with a higher relative levels of fatty acids specifically at mature stage, while the HL microclimate led to an up-regulation of ceramides at green stage and of triacylglycerols and glycerophospholipids at mature stage. The seed transcript levels of four key genes (VvACCase1, VvΔ9FAD, VvFAD6 and VvLOXO) involved in fatty acid metabolism were analyzed using real-time qPCR. The lipoxygenase gene (VvLOXO) was down- and up-regulated by HL, as compared to LL, in seeds at green and veraison stages, respectively. These results suggest that seed photosynthesis may play distinct roles during seed growth and development, possibly by fueling different lipid pathways: at green stage mainly towards the accumulation of membrane-bound lipid species that are essential for cell growth and maintenance of the photosynthetic machinery itself; and at veraison and mature stages mainly towards storage lipids that contribute to the final quality of the grape seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Garrido
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Artur Conde
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ric C. H. De Vos
- Business Unit Bioscience, Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University and Research (Wageningen-UR), Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Ana Cunha
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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Zhou Z, Chen M, Wu Q, Zeng W, Chen Z, Sun W. Combined analysis of lipidomics and transcriptomics revealed the key pathways and genes of lipids in light-sensitive albino tea plant ( Camellia sinensis cv. Baijiguan). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1035119. [PMID: 36330254 PMCID: PMC9623167 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1035119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the mechanism by which light-sensitive albino tea plants respond to light to regulate pigment synthesis has been only partially elucidated. However, few studies have focused on the role of lipid metabolism in the whitening of tea leaves. Therefore, in our study, the leaves of the Baijiguan (BJG) tea tree under shade and light restoration conditions were analyzed by a combination of lipidomics and transcriptomics. The leaf color of BJG was regulated by light intensity and responded to light changes in light by altering the contents and proportions of lipids. According to the correlation analysis, we found three key lipid components that were significantly associated with the chlorophyll SPAD value, namely, MGDG (36:6), DGDG (36:6) and DGDG (34:3). Further weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) showed that HY5 TF and GLIP genes may be hub genes involved lipid regulation in albino tea leaves. Our results lay a foundation for further exploration of the color changes in albino tea leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mingjie Chen
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
| | - Quanjin Wu
- Department of Finance and Management, The Open University of Fujian, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wen Zeng
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhidan Chen
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Anxi College of Tea Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Weijiang Sun
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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Halim NFAA, Ali MSM, Leow ATC, Rahman RNZRA. Membrane fatty acid desaturase: biosynthesis, mechanism, and architecture. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:5957-5972. [PMID: 36063178 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12142-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid desaturase catalyzes the desaturation reactions by inserting double bonds into the fatty acyl chain, producing unsaturated fatty acids, which play a vital part in the synthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Though soluble fatty acid desaturases have been described extensively in advanced organisms, there are very limited studies of membrane fatty acid desaturases due to their difficulties in producing a sufficient amount of recombinant desaturases. However, the advancement of technology has shown substantial progress towards the development of elucidating crystal structures of membrane fatty acid desaturase, thus, allowing modification of structure to be manipulated. Understanding the structure, mechanism, and biosynthesis of fatty acid desaturase lay a foundation for the potential production of various strategies associated with alteration and modifications of polyunsaturated fatty acids. This manuscript presents the current state of knowledge and understanding about the structure, mechanisms, and biosynthesis of fatty acid desaturase. In addition, the role of unsaturated fatty acid desaturases in health and diseases is also encompassed. This will be useful in understanding the molecular basis and structural protein of fatty acid desaturase that are significant for the advancement of therapeutic strategies associated with the improvement of health status. KEY POINTS: • Current state of knowledge and understanding about the biosynthesis, mechanisms, and structure of fatty acid desaturase. • The role of unsaturated fatty acid desaturase. • The molecular basis and structural protein elucidated the crystal structure of fatty acid desaturase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Farah Anis Abd Halim
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Shukuri Mohamad Ali
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Adam Thean Chor Leow
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Raja Noor Zaliha Raja Abd Rahman
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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10
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Peter J, Huleux M, Spaniol B, Sommer F, Neunzig J, Schroda M, Li-Beisson Y, Philippar K. Fatty acid export (FAX) proteins contribute to oil production in the green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:939834. [PMID: 36120551 PMCID: PMC9470853 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.939834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In algae and land plants, transport of fatty acids (FAs) from their site of synthesis in the plastid stroma to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) for assembly into acyl lipids is crucial for cellular lipid homeostasis, including the biosynthesis of triacylglycerol (TAG) for energy storage. In the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, understanding and engineering of these processes is of particular interest for microalga-based biofuel and biomaterial production. Whereas in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, FAX (fatty acid export) proteins have been associated with a function in plastid FA-export and hence TAG synthesis in the ER, the knowledge on the function and subcellular localization of this protein family in Chlamydomonas is still scarce. Among the four FAX proteins encoded in the Chlamydomonas genome, we found Cr-FAX1 and Cr-FAX5 to be involved in TAG production by functioning in chloroplast and ER membranes, respectively. By in situ immunolocalization, we show that Cr-FAX1 inserts into the chloroplast envelope, while Cr-FAX5 is located in ER membranes. Severe reduction of Cr-FAX1 or Cr-FAX5 proteins by an artificial microRNA approach results in a strong decrease of the TAG content in the mutant strains. Further, overexpression of chloroplast Cr-FAX1, but not of ER-intrinsic Cr-FAX5, doubled the content of TAG in Chlamydomonas cells. We therefore propose that Cr-FAX1 in chloroplast envelopes and Cr-FAX5 in ER membranes represent a basic set of FAX proteins to ensure shuttling of FAs from chloroplasts to the ER and are crucial for oil production in Chlamydomonas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janick Peter
- Plant Biology, Center for Human- and Molecular Biology (ZHMB), Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Marie Huleux
- Aix Marseille Univ, CEA, CNRS, Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology of Aix Marseille, BIAM, Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, France
| | - Benjamin Spaniol
- Molecular Biotechnology and Systems Biology, TU Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Frederik Sommer
- Molecular Biotechnology and Systems Biology, TU Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Jens Neunzig
- Plant Biology, Center for Human- and Molecular Biology (ZHMB), Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Michael Schroda
- Molecular Biotechnology and Systems Biology, TU Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Yonghua Li-Beisson
- Aix Marseille Univ, CEA, CNRS, Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology of Aix Marseille, BIAM, Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, France
| | - Katrin Philippar
- Plant Biology, Center for Human- and Molecular Biology (ZHMB), Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
- *Correspondence: Katrin Philippar,
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11
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Wijerathna-Yapa A, Signorelli S, Fenske R, Ganguly DR, Stroeher E, Li L, Pogson BJ, Duncan O, Millar AH. Autophagy mutants show delayed chloroplast development during de-etiolation in carbon limiting conditions. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 108:459-477. [PMID: 34365695 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved catabolic process that plays an essential role under nutrient starvation conditions and influences different developmental processes. We observed that seedlings of autophagy mutants (atg2, atg5, atg7, and atg9) germinated in the dark showed delayed chloroplast development following illumination. The delayed chloroplast development was characterized by a decrease in photosynthetic and chlorophyll biosynthetic proteins, lower chlorophyll content, reduced chloroplast size, and increased levels of proteins involved in lipid biosynthesis. Confirming the biological impact of these differences, photosynthetic performance was impaired in autophagy mutants 12 h post-illumination. We observed that while gene expression for photosynthetic machinery during de-etiolation was largely unaffected in atg mutants, several genes involved in photosystem assembly were transcriptionally downregulated. We also investigated if the delayed chloroplast development could be explained by lower lipid import to the chloroplast or lower triglyceride (TAG) turnover. We observed that the limitations in the chloroplast lipid import imposed by trigalactosyldiacylglycerol1 are unlikely to explain the delay in chloroplast development. However, we found that lower TAG mobility in the triacylglycerol lipase mutant sugardependent1 significantly affected de-etiolation. Moreover, we showed that lower levels of carbon resources exacerbated the slow greening phenotype whereas higher levels of carbon resources had an opposite effect. This work suggests a lack of autophagy machinery limits chloroplast development during de-etiolation, and this is exacerbated by limited lipid turnover (lipophagy) that physically or energetically restrains chloroplast development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akila Wijerathna-Yapa
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Science, The University of Western Australia, 6009, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Santiago Signorelli
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Science, The University of Western Australia, 6009, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica, Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
| | - Ricarda Fenske
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Science, The University of Western Australia, 6009, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Diep R Ganguly
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Elke Stroeher
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Science, The University of Western Australia, 6009, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Lei Li
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Science, The University of Western Australia, 6009, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Barry J Pogson
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Owen Duncan
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Science, The University of Western Australia, 6009, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - A Harvey Millar
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Science, The University of Western Australia, 6009, Crawley, WA, Australia
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12
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Tagami S, Ohnishi K, Hikichi Y, Kiba A. Trigalactosyldiacylglycerol 3 protein orthologs are required for basal disease resistance in Nicotiana benthamiana. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY (TOKYO, JAPAN) 2021; 38:373-378. [PMID: 34782825 PMCID: PMC8562578 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.21.0624a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidic acid plays an important role in Nicotiana benthamiana immune responses against phytopathogenic bacteria. We analyzed the contributions of endoplasmic reticulum-derived chloroplast phospholipids, including phosphatidic acid, to the resistance of N. benthamiana against Ralstonia solanacearum. Here, we focused on trigalactosyldiacylglycerol 3 (TGD3) protein as a candidate required for phosphatidic acid signaling. On the basis of Arabidopsis thaliana TGD3 sequences, we identified two putative TGD3 orthologs in the N. benthamiana genome, NbTGD3-1 and NbTGD3-2. To address the role of TGD3s in plant defense responses, we created double NbTGD3-silenced plants using virus-induced gene silencing. The NbTGD3-silenced plants showed a moderately reduced growth phenotype. Bacterial growth and the appearance of bacterial wilt disease were accelerated in NbTGD3-silenced plants, compared with control plants, challenged with R. solanacearum. The NbTGD3-silenced plants showed reduced both expression of allene oxide synthase that encoded jasmonic acid biosynthetic enzyme and NbPR-4, a marker gene for jasmonic acid signaling, after inoculation with R. solanacearum. Thus, NbTGD3-mediated endoplasmic reticulum-chloroplast lipid transport might be required for jasmonic acid signaling-mediated basal disease resistance in N. benthamiana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Tagami
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan
| | - Kouhei Ohnishi
- Research Institute of Molecular Genetics, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Hikichi
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan
| | - Akinori Kiba
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan
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13
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López-Marqués RL. Lipid flippases as key players in plant adaptation to their environment. NATURE PLANTS 2021; 7:1188-1199. [PMID: 34531559 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-021-00993-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lipid flippases (P4 ATPases) are active transporters that catalyse the translocation of lipids between the two sides of the biological membranes in the secretory pathway. This activity modulates biological membrane properties, contributes to vesicle formation, and is the trigger for lipid signalling events, which makes P4 ATPases essential for eukaryotic cell survival. Plant P4 ATPases (also known as aminophospholipid ATPases (ALAs)) are crucial for plant fertility and proper development, and are involved in key adaptive responses to biotic and abiotic stress, including chilling tolerance, heat adaptation, nutrient deficiency responses and pathogen defence. While ALAs present many analogies to mammalian and yeast P4 ATPases, they also show characteristic features as the result of their independent evolution. In this Review, the main properties, roles, regulation and mechanisms of action of ALA proteins are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa L López-Marqués
- Department for Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
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14
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Delwiche CF. Microbial biodiversity: A newly isolated cyanobacterium sheds light on the evolution of photosynthesis. Curr Biol 2021; 31:R843-R845. [PMID: 34256915 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A newly isolated cyanobacterium found growing in close association with a tropical, non-vascular plant has been cultured and its genome sequenced. Its lineage is well over a billion years old and gives insights into the evolutionary origin of oxygenic photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles F Delwiche
- Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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15
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Itoh RD, Nakajima KP, Sasaki S, Ishikawa H, Kazama Y, Abe T, Fujiwara MT. TGD5 is required for normal morphogenesis of non-mesophyll plastids, but not mesophyll chloroplasts, in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:237-255. [PMID: 33884686 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Stromules are dynamic membrane-bound tubular structures that emanate from plastids. Stromule formation is triggered in response to various stresses and during plant development, suggesting that stromules may have physiological and developmental roles in these processes. Despite the possible biological importance of stromules and their prevalence in green plants, their exact roles and formation mechanisms remain unclear. To explore these issues, we obtained Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with excess stromule formation in the leaf epidermis by microscopy-based screening. Here, we characterized one of these mutants, stromule biogenesis altered 1 (suba1). suba1 forms plastids with severely altered morphology in a variety of non-mesophyll tissues, such as leaf epidermis, hypocotyl epidermis, floral tissues, and pollen grains, but apparently normal leaf mesophyll chloroplasts. The suba1 mutation causes impaired chloroplast pigmentation and altered chloroplast ultrastructure in stomatal guard cells, as well as the aberrant accumulation of lipid droplets and their autophagic engulfment by the vacuole. The causal defective gene in suba1 is TRIGALACTOSYLDIACYLGLYCEROL5 (TGD5), which encodes a protein putatively involved in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-to-plastid lipid trafficking required for the ER pathway of thylakoid lipid assembly. These findings suggest that a non-mesophyll-specific mechanism maintains plastid morphology. The distinct mechanisms maintaining plastid morphology in mesophyll versus non-mesophyll plastids might be attributable, at least in part, to the differential contributions of the plastidial and ER pathways of lipid metabolism between mesophyll and non-mesophyll plastids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuuichi D Itoh
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Marine Science, Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Senbaru 1, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan
| | - Kohdai P Nakajima
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Marine Science, Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Senbaru 1, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan
| | - Shun Sasaki
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioicho, Chiyoda, Tokyo, 102-8554, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ishikawa
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioicho, Chiyoda, Tokyo, 102-8554, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kazama
- Nishina Center, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Tomoko Abe
- Nishina Center, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Makoto T Fujiwara
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioicho, Chiyoda, Tokyo, 102-8554, Japan
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16
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Billey E, Magneschi L, Leterme S, Bedhomme M, Andres-Robin A, Poulet L, Michaud M, Finazzi G, Dumas R, Crouzy S, Laueffer F, Fourage L, Rébeillé F, Amato A, Collin S, Jouhet J, Maréchal E. Characterization of the Bubblegum acyl-CoA synthetase of Microchloropsis gaditana. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:815-835. [PMID: 33793914 PMCID: PMC8133546 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic pathways of glycerolipids are well described in cells containing chloroplasts limited by a two-membrane envelope but not in cells containing plastids limited by four membranes, including heterokonts. Fatty acids (FAs) produced in the plastid, palmitic and palmitoleic acids (16:0 and 16:1), are used in the cytosol for the synthesis of glycerolipids via various routes, requiring multiple acyl-Coenzyme A (CoA) synthetases (ACS). Here, we characterized an ACS of the Bubblegum subfamily in the photosynthetic eukaryote Microchloropsis gaditana, an oleaginous heterokont used for the production of lipids for multiple applications. Genome engineering with TALE-N allowed the generation of MgACSBG point mutations, but no knockout was obtained. Point mutations triggered an overall decrease of 16:1 in lipids, a specific increase of unsaturated 18-carbon acyls in phosphatidylcholine and decrease of 20-carbon acyls in the betaine lipid diacylglyceryl-trimethyl-homoserine. The profile of acyl-CoAs highlighted a decrease in 16:1-CoA and 18:3-CoA. Structural modeling supported that mutations affect accessibility of FA to the MgACSBG reaction site. Expression in yeast defective in acyl-CoA biosynthesis further confirmed that point mutations affect ACSBG activity. Altogether, this study supports a critical role of heterokont MgACSBG in the production of 16:1-CoA and 18:3-CoA. In M. gaditana mutants, the excess saturated and monounsaturated FAs were diverted to triacylglycerol, thus suggesting strategies to improve the oil content in this microalga.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Billey
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Unité mixte de Recherche 5168 CNRS–CEA–INRA–Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, IRIG, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
- Total Raffinage-Chimie, Tour Coupole, 2 Place Jean Millier, 92078 Paris La Défense, France
| | - Leonardo Magneschi
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Unité mixte de Recherche 5168 CNRS–CEA–INRA–Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, IRIG, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Sébastien Leterme
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Unité mixte de Recherche 5168 CNRS–CEA–INRA–Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, IRIG, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Mariette Bedhomme
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Unité mixte de Recherche 5168 CNRS–CEA–INRA–Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, IRIG, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
- Total Raffinage-Chimie, Tour Coupole, 2 Place Jean Millier, 92078 Paris La Défense, France
| | - Amélie Andres-Robin
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Unité mixte de Recherche 5168 CNRS–CEA–INRA–Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, IRIG, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Laurent Poulet
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Unité mixte de Recherche 5168 CNRS–CEA–INRA–Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, IRIG, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Morgane Michaud
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Unité mixte de Recherche 5168 CNRS–CEA–INRA–Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, IRIG, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Giovanni Finazzi
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Unité mixte de Recherche 5168 CNRS–CEA–INRA–Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, IRIG, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Renaud Dumas
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Unité mixte de Recherche 5168 CNRS–CEA–INRA–Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, IRIG, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Serge Crouzy
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, Unité mixte de Recherche 5249 CNRS–CEA–Univ. Grenoble Alpes, IRIG, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Frédéric Laueffer
- Total Raffinage-Chimie, Tour Coupole, 2 Place Jean Millier, 92078 Paris La Défense, France
| | - Laurent Fourage
- Total Raffinage-Chimie, Tour Coupole, 2 Place Jean Millier, 92078 Paris La Défense, France
| | - Fabrice Rébeillé
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Unité mixte de Recherche 5168 CNRS–CEA–INRA–Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, IRIG, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Alberto Amato
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Unité mixte de Recherche 5168 CNRS–CEA–INRA–Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, IRIG, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Séverine Collin
- Total Raffinage-Chimie, Tour Coupole, 2 Place Jean Millier, 92078 Paris La Défense, France
| | - Juliette Jouhet
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Unité mixte de Recherche 5168 CNRS–CEA–INRA–Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, IRIG, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Eric Maréchal
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Unité mixte de Recherche 5168 CNRS–CEA–INRA–Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, IRIG, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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17
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Pan Z, Bajsa‐Hirschel J, Vaughn JN, Rimando AM, Baerson SR, Duke SO. In vivo assembly of the sorgoleone biosynthetic pathway and its impact on agroinfiltrated leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 230:683-697. [PMID: 33460457 PMCID: PMC8048663 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sorgoleone, a hydrophobic compound exuded from root hair cells of Sorghum spp., accounts for much of the allelopathic activity of the genus. The enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of this compound have been identified and functionally characterized. Here, we report the successful assembly of the biosynthetic pathway and the significant impact of in vivo synthesized sorgoleone on the heterologous host Nicotiana benthamiana. A multigene DNA construct was prepared for the expression of genes required for sorgoleone biosynthesis in planta and deployed in N. benthamiana leaf tissues via Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression. RNA-sequencing was conducted to investigate the effects of sorgoleone, via expression of its biosynthesis pathway, on host gene expression. The production of sorgoleone in agroinfiltrated leaves as detected by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) resulted in the formation of necrotic lesions, indicating that the compound caused severe phytotoxicity to these tissues. RNA-sequencing profiling revealed significant changes in gene expression in the leaf tissues expressing the pathway during the formation of sorgoleone-induced necrotic lesions. Transcriptome analysis suggested that the compound produced in vivo impaired the photosynthetic system as a result of downregulated gene expression for the photosynthesis apparatus and elevated expression of proteasomal genes which may play a major role in the phytotoxicity of sorgoleone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Pan
- Natural Products Utilization Research UnitUS Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research ServiceUniversityMS38677USA
| | - Joanna Bajsa‐Hirschel
- Natural Products Utilization Research UnitUS Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research ServiceUniversityMS38677USA
| | - Justin N. Vaughn
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Research UnitUSDA, ARSAthensGA30605USA
| | - Agnes M. Rimando
- Natural Products Utilization Research UnitUS Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research ServiceUniversityMS38677USA
| | - Scott R. Baerson
- Natural Products Utilization Research UnitUS Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research ServiceUniversityMS38677USA
| | - Stephen O. Duke
- Natural Products Utilization Research UnitUS Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research ServiceUniversityMS38677USA
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18
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Dissanayaka DMSB, Ghahremani M, Siebers M, Wasaki J, Plaxton WC. Recent insights into the metabolic adaptations of phosphorus-deprived plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:199-223. [PMID: 33211873 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic phosphate (Pi) is an essential macronutrient required for many fundamental processes in plants, including photosynthesis and respiration, as well as nucleic acid, protein, and membrane phospholipid synthesis. The huge use of Pi-containing fertilizers in agriculture demonstrates that the soluble Pi levels of most soils are suboptimal for crop growth. This review explores recent advances concerning the understanding of adaptive metabolic processes that plants have evolved to alleviate the negative impact of nutritional Pi deficiency. Plant Pi starvation responses arise from complex signaling pathways that integrate altered gene expression with post-transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms. The resultant remodeling of the transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome enhances the efficiency of root Pi acquisition from the soil, as well as the use of assimilated Pi throughout the plant. We emphasize how the up-regulation of high-affinity Pi transporters and intra- and extracellular Pi scavenging and recycling enzymes, organic acid anion efflux, membrane remodeling, and the remarkable flexibility of plant metabolism and bioenergetics contribute to the survival of Pi-deficient plants. This research field is enabling the development of a broad range of innovative and promising strategies for engineering phosphorus-efficient crops. Such cultivars are urgently needed to reduce inputs of unsustainable and non-renewable Pi fertilizers for maximum agronomic benefit and long-term global food security and ecosystem preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M S B Dissanayaka
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mina Ghahremani
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Meike Siebers
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jun Wasaki
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - William C Plaxton
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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19
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Double-high in palmitic and oleic acids accumulation in a non-model green microalga, Messastrum gracile SE-MC4 under nitrate-repletion and -starvation cultivations. Sci Rep 2021; 11:381. [PMID: 33431982 PMCID: PMC7801397 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79711-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioprospecting for biodiesel potential in microalgae primarily involves a few model species of microalgae and rarely on non-model microalgae species. Therefore, the present study determined changes in physiology, oil accumulation, fatty acid composition and biodiesel properties of a non-model microalga Messastrum gracile SE-MC4 in response to 12 continuous days of nitrate-starve (NS) and nitrate-replete (NR) conditions respectively. Under NS, the highest oil content (57.9%) was achieved despite reductions in chlorophyll content, biomass productivity and lipid productivity. However, under both NS and NR, palmitic acid and oleic acid remained as dominant fatty acids thus suggesting high potential of M. gracile for biodiesel feedstock consideration. Biodiesel properties analysis returned high values of cetane number (CN 61.9-64.4) and degree of unsaturation (DU 45.3-57.4) in both treatments. The current findings show the possibility of a non-model microalga to inherit superior ability over model species in oil accumulation for biodiesel development.
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20
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Sergeeva A, Mettler‐Altmann T, Liu H, Mai H, Bauer P. Glycerolipid profile differences between perennial and annual stem zones in the perennial model plant Arabis alpina. PLANT DIRECT 2021; 5:e00302. [PMID: 33506166 PMCID: PMC7814627 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The perennial life style is a successful ecological strategy, and Arabis alpina is a recently developed model Brassicaceae species for studying it. One aspect, poorly investigated until today, concerns the differing patterns of allocation, storage, and metabolism of nutrients between perennials and annuals and the yet unknown signals that regulate this process. A. alpina has a complex lateral stem architecture with a proximal vegetative perennial (PZ) and a distal annual flowering zone (AZ) inside the same stems. Lipid bodies (LBs) with triacylglycerols (TAGs) accumulate in the PZ. To identify potential processes of lipid metabolism linked with the perennial lifestyle, we analyzed lipid species in the PZ versus AZ. Glycerolipid fractions, including neutral lipids with mainly TAGs, phospholipids, and glycolipids, were present at higher levels in the PZ as compared to AZ or roots. Concomitantly, contents of specific long-chain and very long-chain fatty acids increased during formation of the PZ. Corresponding gene expression data, gene ontology term enrichment, and correlation analysis with lipid species pinpoint glycerolipid-related genes to be active during the development of the PZ. Possibilities that lipid metabolism genes may be targets of regulatory mechanisms specifying PZ differentiation in A. alpina are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sergeeva
- Institute of BotanyHeinrich Heine UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Science (CEPLAS)Heinrich Heine UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Tabea Mettler‐Altmann
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Science (CEPLAS)Heinrich Heine UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
- Institute of Plant BiochemistryHeinrich Heine UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Hongjiu Liu
- Institute of BotanyHeinrich Heine UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Hans‐Jörg Mai
- Institute of BotanyHeinrich Heine UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Petra Bauer
- Institute of BotanyHeinrich Heine UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Science (CEPLAS)Heinrich Heine UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
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21
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Hernández ML, Sicardo MD, Belaj A, Martínez-Rivas JM. The Oleic/Linoleic Acid Ratio in Olive ( Olea europaea L.) Fruit Mesocarp Is Mainly Controlled by OeFAD2-2 and OeFAD2-5 Genes Together With the Different Specificity of Extraplastidial Acyltransferase Enzymes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:653997. [PMID: 33763103 PMCID: PMC7982730 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.653997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acid composition of olive oil has an important effect on the oil quality to such an extent that oils with a high oleic and low linoleic acid contents are preferable from a nutritional and technological point of view. In the present work, we have first studied the diversity of the fatty acid composition in a set of eighty-nine olive cultivars from the Worldwide Olive Germplasm Bank of IFAPA Cordoba (WOGBC-IFAPA), and in a core collection (Core-36), which includes 28 olive cultivars from the previously mentioned set. Our results indicate that oleic and linoleic acid contents displayed the highest degree of variability of the different fatty acids present in the olive oil of the 89 cultivars under study. In addition, the independent study of the Core-36 revealed two olive cultivars, Klon-14 and Abou Kanani, with extremely low and high linoleic acid contents, respectively. Subsequently, these two cultivars were used to investigate the specific contribution of different fatty acid desaturases to the linoleic acid content of mesocarp tissue during olive fruit development and ripening. Fatty acid desaturase gene expression levels, together with lipid analysis, suggest that not only OeFAD2-2 and OeFAD2-5 but also the different specificities of extraplastidial acyltransferase enzymes are responsible for the variability of the oleic/linoleic acid ratio in olive cultivars. All this information allows for an advancement in the knowledge of the linoleic acid biosynthesis in different olive cultivars, which can impact olive breeding programs to improve olive oil quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Luisa Hernández
- Instituto de la Grasa (IG-CSIC), Campus Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
- *Correspondence: M. Luisa Hernández,
| | - M. Dolores Sicardo
- Instituto de la Grasa (IG-CSIC), Campus Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | | | - José M. Martínez-Rivas
- Instituto de la Grasa (IG-CSIC), Campus Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
- José M. Martínez-Rivas,
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22
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Li J, Liu LN, Meng Q, Fan H, Sui N. The roles of chloroplast membrane lipids in abiotic stress responses. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2020; 15:1807152. [PMID: 32815751 PMCID: PMC7588187 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2020.1807152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Plant chloroplasts have complex membrane systems. Among these, thylakoids serve as the sites for photosynthesis and photosynthesis-related adaptation. In addition to the photosynthetic membrane complexes and associated molecules, lipids in the thylakoid membranes, are predominantly composed of MGDG (monogalactosyldiacylglycerol), DGDG (digalactosyldiacylglycerol), SQDG (sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol) and PG (phosphatidylglycerol), play essential roles in shaping the thylakoid architecture, electron transfer, and photoregulation. In this review, we discuss the effect of abiotic stress on chloroplast structure, the changes in membrane lipid composition, and the degree of unsaturation of fatty acids. Advanced understanding of the mechanisms regulating chloroplast membrane lipids and unsaturated fatty acids in response to abiotic stresses is indispensable for improving plant resistance and may inform the strategies of crop breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlu Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lu-Ning Liu
- College of Marine Life Sciences and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Qingwei Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Hai Fan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Na Sui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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23
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Correa SM, Fernie AR, Nikoloski Z, Brotman Y. Towards model-driven characterization and manipulation of plant lipid metabolism. Prog Lipid Res 2020; 80:101051. [PMID: 32640289 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2020.101051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Plant lipids have versatile applications and provide essential fatty acids in human diet. Therefore, there has been a growing interest to better characterize the genetic basis, regulatory networks, and metabolic pathways that shape lipid quantity and composition. Addressing these issues is challenging due to context-specificity of lipid metabolism integrating environmental, developmental, and tissue-specific cues. Here we systematically review the known metabolic pathways and regulatory interactions that modulate the levels of storage lipids in oilseeds. We argue that the current understanding of lipid metabolism provides the basis for its study in the context of genome-wide plant metabolic networks with the help of approaches from constraint-based modeling and metabolic flux analysis. The focus is on providing a comprehensive summary of the state-of-the-art of modeling plant lipid metabolic pathways, which we then contrast with the existing modeling efforts in yeast and microalgae. We then point out the gaps in knowledge of lipid metabolism, and enumerate the recent advances of using genome-wide association and quantitative trait loci mapping studies to unravel the genetic regulations of lipid metabolism. Finally, we offer a perspective on how advances in the constraint-based modeling framework can propel further characterization of plant lipid metabolism and its rational manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M Correa
- Genetics of Metabolic Traits Group, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam 14476, Germany; Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501 Beer-Sheva, Israel; Departamento de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia.
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Central Metabolism Group, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam 14476, Germany; Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Zoran Nikoloski
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; Systems Biology and Mathematical Modelling Group, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany.
| | - Yariv Brotman
- Genetics of Metabolic Traits Group, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam 14476, Germany; Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501 Beer-Sheva, Israel
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24
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Sato N, Yoshitomi T, Mori-Moriyama N. Characterization and Biosynthesis of Lipids in Paulinella micropora MYN1: Evidence for Efficient Integration of Chromatophores into Cellular Lipid Metabolism. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 61:869-881. [PMID: 32044983 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The chromatophores found in the cells of photosynthetic Paulinella species, once believed to be endosymbiotic cyanobacteria, are photosynthetic organelles that are distinct from chloroplasts. The chromatophore genome is similar to the genomes of α-cyanobacteria and encodes about 1,000 genes. Therefore, the chromatophore is an intriguing model of organelle formation. In this study, we analyzed the lipids of Paulinella micropora MYN1 to verify that this organism is a composite of cyanobacterial descendants and a heterotrophic protist. We detected glycolipids and phospholipids, as well as a betaine lipid diacylglyceryl-3-O-carboxyhydroxymethylcholine, previously detected in many marine algae. Cholesterol was the only sterol component detected, suggesting that the host cell is similar to animal cells. The glycolipids, presumably present in the chromatophores, contained mainly C16 fatty acids, whereas other classes of lipids, presumably present in the other compartments, were abundant in C20 and C22 polyunsaturated fatty acids. This suggests that chromatophores are metabolically distinct from the rest of the cell. Metabolic studies using isotopically labeled substrates showed that different fatty acids are synthesized in the chromatophore and the cytosol, which is consistent with the presence of both type I and type II fatty acid synthases, supposedly present in the cytosol and the chromatophore, respectively. Nevertheless, rapid labeling of the fatty acids in triacylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine by photosynthetically fixed carbon suggested that the chromatophores efficiently provide metabolites to the host. The metabolic and ultrastructural evidence suggests that chromatophores are tightly integrated into the whole cellular metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Sato
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902 Japan
| | - Toru Yoshitomi
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902 Japan
| | - Natsumi Mori-Moriyama
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902 Japan
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25
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He M, Qin CX, Wang X, Ding NZ. Plant Unsaturated Fatty Acids: Biosynthesis and Regulation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:390. [PMID: 32425958 PMCID: PMC7212373 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In most plants, major unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) are three C18 species, namely, oleic (18:1), linoleic (18:2), and α-linolenic (18:3) acids. These simple compounds play multiple crucial roles in planta and are also important economic traits of oil crops. The enzymatic steps of C18 UFA biosynthesis have been well established. However, the associated FA/lipid trafficking between the plastid and the endoplasmic reticulum remains largely unclear, as does the regulation of the expression and activities of the involved enzymes. In this review, we will revisit the biosynthesis of C18 UFAs with an emphasis on the trafficking, and present an overview of the key enzymes and their regulation. Of particular interest is the emerging regulatory network composed of transcriptional factors and upstream signaling pathways. The review thereby provides the promise of using physical, biochemical and/or genetic means to manipulate FA composition and increase oil yield in crop improvement.
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26
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Mai KKK, Yeung WT, Han SY, Cai X, Hwang I, Kang BH. Electron Tomography Analysis of Thylakoid Assembly and Fission in Chloroplasts of a Single-Cell C4 plant, Bienertia sinuspersici. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19640. [PMID: 31873131 PMCID: PMC6927967 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56083-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Bienertia sinuspersici is a single-cell C4 plant species of which chlorenchyma cells have two distinct groups of chloroplasts spatially segregated in the cytoplasm. The central vacuole encloses most chloroplasts at the cell center and confines the rest of the chloroplasts near the plasma membrane. Young chlorenchyma cells, however, do not have large vacuoles and their chloroplasts are homogenous. Therefore, maturing Bienertia chlorenchyma cells provide a unique opportunity to investigate chloroplast proliferation in the central cluster and the remodeling of chloroplasts that have been displaced by the vacuole to the cell periphery. Chloroplast numbers and sizes increased, more notably, during later stages of maturation than the early stages. Electron tomography analyses indicated that chloroplast enlargement is sustained by thylakoid growth and that invaginations from the inner envelope membrane contributed to thylakoid assembly. Grana stacks acquired more layers, differentiating them from stroma thylakoids as central chloroplasts matured. In peripheral chloroplasts, however, grana stacks stretched out to a degree that the distinction between grana stacks and stroma thylakoids was obscured. In central chloroplasts undergoing division, thylakoids inside the cleavage furrow were kinked and severed. Grana stacks in the division zone were disrupted, and large complexes in their membranes were dislocated, suggesting the existence of a thylakoid fission machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Ka Ki Mai
- Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai-Tsun Yeung
- Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sang-Yun Han
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Xiaohao Cai
- Mullard Space Science laboratory, Holmbury St. Mary Dorking, Surrey, RH5 6NT, UK
| | - Inhwan Hwang
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Byung-Ho Kang
- Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
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27
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Guo Q, Ng PQ, Shi S, Fan D, Li J, Zhao J, Wang H, David R, Mittal P, Do T, Bock R, Zhao M, Zhou W, Searle I. Arabidopsis TRM5 encodes a nuclear-localised bifunctional tRNA guanine and inosine-N1-methyltransferase that is important for growth. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225064. [PMID: 31756231 PMCID: PMC6874348 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Modified nucleosides in tRNAs are critical for protein translation. N1-methylguanosine-37 and N1-methylinosine-37 in tRNAs, both located at the 3'-adjacent to the anticodon, are formed by Trm5. Here we describe Arabidopsis thaliana AtTRM5 (At3g56120) as a Trm5 ortholog. Attrm5 mutant plants have overall slower growth as observed by slower leaf initiation rate, delayed flowering and reduced primary root length. In Attrm5 mutants, mRNAs of flowering time genes are less abundant and correlated with delayed flowering. We show that AtTRM5 complements the yeast trm5 mutant, and in vitro methylates tRNA guanosine-37 to produce N1-methylguanosine (m1G). We also show in vitro that AtTRM5 methylates tRNA inosine-37 to produce N1-methylinosine (m1I) and in Attrm5 mutant plants, we show a reduction of both N1-methylguanosine and N1-methylinosine. We also show that AtTRM5 is localized to the nucleus in plant cells. Proteomics data showed that photosynthetic protein abundance is affected in Attrm5 mutant plants. Finally, we show tRNA-Ala aminoacylation is not affected in Attrm5 mutants. However the abundance of tRNA-Ala and tRNA-Asp 5' half cleavage products are deduced. Our findings highlight the bifunctionality of AtTRM5 and the importance of the post-transcriptional tRNA modifications m1G and m1I at tRNA position 37 in general plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Guo
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pei Qin Ng
- School of Biological Sciences, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide and Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint International Centre for Agriculture and Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Shanshan Shi
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Diwen Fan
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Biological Sciences, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide and Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint International Centre for Agriculture and Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jing Zhao
- School of Biological Sciences, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide and Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint International Centre for Agriculture and Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Hua Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Rakesh David
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Parul Mittal
- Adelaide Proteomics Centre, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Trung Do
- School of Biological Sciences, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide and Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint International Centre for Agriculture and Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Ralph Bock
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Ming Zhao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenbin Zhou
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Iain Searle
- School of Biological Sciences, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide and Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint International Centre for Agriculture and Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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28
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Michaud M, Jouhet J. Lipid Trafficking at Membrane Contact Sites During Plant Development and Stress Response. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:2. [PMID: 30713540 PMCID: PMC6346683 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The biogenesis of cellular membranes involves an important traffic of lipids from their site of synthesis to their final destination. Lipid transfer can be mediated by vesicular or non-vesicular pathways. The non-vesicular pathway requires the close apposition of two membranes to form a functional platform, called membrane contact sites (MCSs), where lipids are exchanged. These last decades, MCSs have been observed between virtually all organelles and a role in lipid transfer has been demonstrated for some of them. In plants, the lipid composition of membranes is highly dynamic and can be drastically modified in response to environmental changes. This highlights the importance of understanding the mechanisms involved in the regulation of membrane lipid homeostasis in plants. This review summarizes our current knowledge about the non-vesicular transport of lipids at MCSs in plants and its regulation during stress.
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