1
|
Krumova S, Petrova A, Petrova N, Stoichev S, Ilkov D, Tsonev T, Petrov P, Koleva D, Velikova V. Seed Priming with Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Grafted with Pluronic P85 Preserves the Functional and Structural Characteristics of Pea Plants. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1332. [PMID: 37110917 PMCID: PMC10143637 DOI: 10.3390/nano13081332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The engineering of carbon nanotubes in the last decades resulted in a variety of applications in electronics, electrochemistry, and biomedicine. A number of reports also evidenced their valuable application in agriculture as plant growth regulators and nanocarriers. In this work, we explored the effect of seed priming with single-walled carbon nanotubes grafted with Pluronic P85 polymer (denoted P85-SWCNT) on Pisum sativum (var. RAN-1) seed germination, early stages of plant development, leaf anatomy, and photosynthetic efficiency. We evaluated the observed effects in relation to hydro- (control) and P85-primed seeds. Our data clearly revealed that seed priming with P85-SWCNT is safe for the plant since it does not impair the seed germination, plant development, leaf anatomy, biomass, and photosynthetic activity, and even increases the amount of photochemically active photosystem II centers in a concentration-dependent manner. Only 300 mg/L concentration exerts an adverse effect on those parameters. The P85 polymer, however, was found to exhibit a number of negative effects on plant growth (i.e., root length, leaf anatomy, biomass accumulation and photoprotection capability), most probably related to the unfavorable interaction of P85 unimers with plant membranes. Our findings substantiate the future exploration and exploitation of P85-SWCNT as nanocarriers of specific substances promoting not only plant growth at optimal conditions but also better plant performance under a variety of environmental stresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sashka Krumova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, “Acad. G. Bonchev” Str., Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (S.K.); (N.P.); (S.S.); (T.T.)
| | - Asya Petrova
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, “Acad. G. Bonchev” Str., Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (A.P.); (D.I.)
| | - Nia Petrova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, “Acad. G. Bonchev” Str., Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (S.K.); (N.P.); (S.S.); (T.T.)
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Temesváry krt. 62, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Svetozar Stoichev
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, “Acad. G. Bonchev” Str., Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (S.K.); (N.P.); (S.S.); (T.T.)
| | - Daniel Ilkov
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, “Acad. G. Bonchev” Str., Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (A.P.); (D.I.)
| | - Tsonko Tsonev
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, “Acad. G. Bonchev” Str., Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (S.K.); (N.P.); (S.S.); (T.T.)
| | - Petar Petrov
- Institute of Polymers, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, “Acad. G. Bonchev” Str., Bl. 103, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Dimitrina Koleva
- Faculty of Biology, Sofia University, “St. Kliment Ohridsky”, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Violeta Velikova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, “Acad. G. Bonchev” Str., Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (S.K.); (N.P.); (S.S.); (T.T.)
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, “Acad. G. Bonchev” Str., Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (A.P.); (D.I.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jing Y, Liu C, Liu B, Pei T, Zhan M, Li C, Wang D, Li P, Ma F. Overexpression of the FERONIA receptor kinase MdMRLK2 confers apple drought tolerance by regulating energy metabolism and free amino acids production. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 43:154-168. [PMID: 35972799 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Drought is a major abiotic stress limiting the growth and production of apple trees worldwide. The receptor-like kinase FERONIA is involved in plant growth, development and stress responses; however, the function of FERONIA in apple under drought stress remains unclear. Here, the FERONIA receptor kinase gene MdMRLK2 from apple (Malus domestica) was shown to encode a plasma membrane-localized transmembrane protein and was significantly induced by abscisic acid and drought treatments. 35S::MdMRLK2 apple plants showed less photosystem damage and higher photosynthetic rates compared with wild-type (WT) plants, after withholding water for 7 days. 35S::MdMRLK2 apple plants also had enhanced energy levels, activated caspase activity and more free amino acids, than the WT, under drought conditions. By performing yeast two-hybrid screening, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and MdCYS4, a member of cystatin, were identified as MdMRLK2 interaction partners. Moreover, under drought conditions, the 35S::MdMRLK2 apple plants were characterized by higher abscisic acid (ABA) content. Overall, these findings demonstrated that MdMRLK2 regulates apple drought tolerance, probably via regulating levels of energetic matters, free amino acids and ABA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Changhai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bingbing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tingting Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Minghui Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chunrong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Duanni Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pengmin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
CO2 Capture by Virgin Ivy Plants Growing Up on the External Covers of Houses as a Rapid Complementary Route to Achieve Global GHG Reduction Targets. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15051683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Global CO2 concentration level in the air is unprecedently high and should be rapidly and significantly reduced to avoid a global climate catastrophe. The work indicates the possibility of quickly lowering the impact of changes that have already happened and those we know will happen, especially in terms of the CO2 emitted and stored in the atmosphere, by implanting a virgin ivy plant on the available area of walls and roofs of the houses. The proposed concept of reducing CO2 from the atmosphere is one of the technologies with significant potential for implementation entirely and successfully. For the first time, we showed that the proposed concept allows over 3.5 billion tons of CO2 to be captured annually directly from the atmosphere, which makes even up 6.9% of global greenhouse gas emissions. The value constitutes enough high CO2 reduction to consider the concept as one of the applicable technologies allowing to decelerate global warming. Additional advantages of the presented concept are its global nature, it allows for the reduction of CO2 from all emission sources, regardless of its type and location on earth, and the fact that it will simultaneously lower the air temperature, contribute to oxygen production, and reduce dust in the environment.
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu S, Ma Z, Zhang Y, Chen Z, Du X, Mu Y. Astragalus sinicus Incorporated as Green Manure for Weed Control in Corn. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:829421. [PMID: 35574090 PMCID: PMC9106406 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.829421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Astragalus sinicus L. (milk vetch), one of the most widespread green manure species, is widely planted in the temperate zone. Eleusine indica L. (goosegrass), a serious annual weed in the world, has evolved resistance to some non-selective herbicides. The use of milk vetch as green manure for weed control in paddy fields was proposed. Aqueous extracts of milk vetch are known to exert a different level of phytotoxicity on weeds and crops. Phytotoxic substances contained in green manure were released into the soil by leaching at the initial stage and decomposition at the later stage after the return of green manure. Considering the need for searching new sustainable strategies for weed control, a question arises: "if milk vetch could be applied in goosegrass control, which stage is the most important to control goosegrass after milk vetch returned to the field, and at the same time, will the subsequent crop, corn (Zea mays L.), be affected by the side effects from milk vetch phytotoxicity?" In this study, the potential of milk vetch for goosegrass control was approached by repeated laboratory experiments, which include the aqueous extract experiment, decomposed experiment, and pot experiment. The effects of milk vetch returning to the field on maize were simulated by a pot experiment. The extract of milk vetch could significantly inhibit the germination of goosegrass at 2% concentration, and the inhibition enhanced with the increase of concentration. In the decomposed liquid experiment, decay time within 15 days, with the increase of decay days or concentration, goosegrass inhibition effect of decomposed liquid was enhanced. When decay time was more than 15 days, the inhibition ability of the decomposed liquid to goosegrass decreased. According to the RI accumulated value, aqueous extract and decomposed liquid have a "hormesis effect" on the germination and growth of goosegrass. Pot experiment proved that the addition of 1-10% (w/w) of milk vetch significantly reduced the germination and growth of goosegrass. On the contrary, the comprehensive analysis showed that the participation of milk vetch was conducive to the growth of corn. Our results constitute evidence that the incorporation of milk vetch into the soil could be a feasible practice to reduce weed infarctions in the corn-based cropping system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silin Liu
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyi Ma
- School of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongwen Chen
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Du
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yinghui Mu
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, College of Agronomy/Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yinghui Mu,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kalmatskaya OA, Trubitsin BV, Suslichenko IS, Karavaev VA, Tikhonov AN. Electron transport in Tradescantia leaves acclimated to high and low light: thermoluminescence, PAM-fluorometry, and EPR studies. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2020; 146:123-141. [PMID: 32594291 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-020-00767-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Using thermoluminescence, PAM-fluorometry, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) for assaying electron transport processes in chloroplasts in situ, we have compared photosynthetic characteristics in Tradescantia fluminensis leaves grown under low light (LL, 50-125 µmol photons m-2 s-1) or high light (HL, 875-1000 µmol photons m-2 s-1) condition. We found differences in the thermoluminescence (TL) spectra of LL- and HL-acclimated leaves. The LL and HL leaves show different proportions of the Q (~ 0 °C) and B (~ 25-30 °C) bands in their TL spectra; the ratios of the "light sums" of the Q and B bands being SQ/SB ≈ 1/1 (LL) and SQ/SB ≈ 1/3 (HL). This suggests the existence of different redox states of electron carriers on the acceptor side of PSII in LL and HL leaves, which may be affected, in particular, by different capacities of their photo-reducible PQ pools. Enhanced content of PQ in chloroplasts of LL leaves may be the reason for an efficient performance of photosynthesis at low irradiance. Kinetic studies of slow induction of Chl a fluorescence and measurements of P700 photooxidation by EPR demonstrate that HL leaves have faster (about 2 times) response to switching on actinic light as compared to LL leaves grown at moderate irradiation. HL leaves also show higher non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of Chl a fluorescence. These properties of HL leaves (faster response to light and generation of enhanced NPQ) reflect the flexibility of their photosynthetic apparatus, providing sustainability and rapid response to fluctuations of environmental light intensity and solar stress resistance. Analysis of time-courses of the EPR signals of [Formula: see text] induced by far-red (λmax = 707 nm), exciting predominantly PSI, and white light, exciting both PSI and PSII, suggests that there is a contribution of cyclic electron flow around PSI to electron flow through PSI in HL leaves. The data obtained are discussed in terms of photosynthetic apparatus sustainability of HL and LL leaves under variable irradiation conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Boris V Trubitsin
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor S Suslichenko
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Alexander N Tikhonov
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
- N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Emerging research in plant photosynthesis. Emerg Top Life Sci 2020; 4:137-150. [PMID: 32573736 DOI: 10.1042/etls20200035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Photosynthesis involves capturing light energy and, most often, converting it to chemical energy stored as reduced carbon. It is the source of food, fuel, and fiber and there is a resurgent interest in basic research on photosynthesis. Plants make excellent use of visible light energy; leaves are ideally suited to optimize light use by having a large area per amount of material invested and also having leaf angles to optimize light utilization. It is thought that plants do not use green light but in fact they use green light better than blue light under some conditions. Leaves also have mechanisms to protect against excess light and how these work in a stochastic light environment is currently a very active area of current research. The speed at which photosynthesis can begin when leaves are first exposed to light and the speed of induction of protective mechanisms, as well as the speed at which protective mechanisms dissipate when light levels decline, have recently been explored. Research is also focused on reducing wasteful processes such as photorespiration, when oxygen instead of carbon dioxide is used. Some success has been reported in altering the path of carbon in photorespiration but on closer inspection there appears to be unforeseen effects contributing to the good news. The stoichiometry of interaction of light reactions with carbon metabolism is rigid and the time constants vary tremendously presenting large challenges to regulatory mechanisms. Regulatory mechanisms will be the topic of photosynthesis research for some time to come.
Collapse
|
7
|
Ptushenko OS, Ptushenko VV, Solovchenko AE. Spectrum of Light as a Determinant of Plant Functioning: A Historical Perspective. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:E25. [PMID: 32192016 PMCID: PMC7151614 DOI: 10.3390/life10030025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The significance of the spectral composition of light for growth and other physiological functions of plants moved to the focus of "plant science" soon after the discovery of photosynthesis, if not earlier. The research in this field recently intensified due to the explosive development of computer-controlled systems for artificial illumination and documenting photosynthetic activity. The progress is also substantiated by recent insights into the molecular mechanisms of photo-regulation of assorted physiological functions in plants mediated by photoreceptors and other pigment systems. The spectral balance of solar radiation can vary significantly, affecting the functioning and development of plants. Its effects are evident on the macroscale (e.g., in individual plants growing under the forest canopy) as well as on the meso- or microscale (e.g., mutual shading of leaf cell layers and chloroplasts). The diversity of the observable effects of light spectrum variation arises through (i) the triggering of different photoreceptors, (ii) the non-uniform efficiency of spectral components in driving photosynthesis, and (iii) a variable depth of penetration of spectral components into the leaf. We depict the effects of these factors using the spectral dependence of chloroplast photorelocation movements interlinked with the changes in light penetration into (light capture by) the leaf and the photosynthetic capacity. In this review, we unfold the history of the research on the photocontrol effects and put it in the broader context of photosynthesis efficiency and photoprotection under stress caused by a high intensity of light.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oxana S. Ptushenko
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vasily V. Ptushenko
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
- N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexei E. Solovchenko
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Medicine and Experimental Biology, Pskov State University, 180000 Pskov, Russia
| |
Collapse
|