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García-Valladares O, Domínguez-Niño A, Lucho-Gómez AM, Jiménez-Montiel AG, Rodríguez-Mendoza AS, Castillo-Téllez B, Luna-Flores M, Castillo-Téllez M. Mixed-Mode Solar Drying and its Effect on Physicochemical and Colorimetric Properties of Zompantle (Erythrina Americana). PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 79:194-201. [PMID: 38329613 PMCID: PMC10891242 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-024-01147-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
A mixed-mode solar drying was developed to evaluate the physicochemical and colorimetric properties of Zompantle (Erythrina americana). A 22-factorial design was used; the operation mode (mesh shade and direct) and airflow (natural convection and forced convection) were established as factors in this design. The initial moisture content in the Zompantle flower was reduced from 89.03% (w.b) to values that ranged from 3.84% to 5.84%; depending on the operation mode of the dryer, the final water activity ranged from 0.25 to 0.33. The Zompantle's components as proteins (4.28%), antioxidant activity (18.8%), carbohydrates (4.83%), fat (0.92%), fiber (3.71%), ash (0.94%), and total soluble solids (3°Brix) increased as the water was evaporated during the drying. The increment in the Zompantle's components depends on the operation mode; in direct mode and natural convection, the proteins, antioxidant activity, carbohydrates, fat, fiber, ash, and total soluble solids were 6.99%, 61.69%, 79.05%, 1.20%, 3.84%, 8.70%, and 45 °Brix, respectively. The total drying efficiency was 14.84% with the direct mode and natural convection (DM-NC) and 17.10% with the mesh shade and natural convection (MS-NC). The Hue angle measures the property of the color; the indirect mode and natural convection keep the hue angle close to the initial value (29.2 °). The initial chroma value of the Zompantle flower was 55.07; the indirect mode and natural convection kept high saturation (37.58); these dry conditions ensured a red color in the dehydrated Zompantle. Dehydrated Zompantle's flowers could have several practical applications, such as an additive in traditional Mexican cuisine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Octavio García-Valladares
- Departamento de Sistemas Energéticos, Instituto de Energías Renovables-UNAM, Temixco, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Domínguez-Niño
- Departamento de Sistemas Energéticos, Instituto de Energías Renovables-UNAM, Temixco, Morelos, Mexico.
- Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencia y Tecnología-Cátedra CONAHCYT, Dirección Adjunta de Desarrollo Científico, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Ana María Lucho-Gómez
- Departamento de Sistemas Energéticos, Instituto de Energías Renovables-UNAM, Temixco, Morelos, Mexico
| | | | | | - Beatriz Castillo-Téllez
- Departamento de Agua y Energía, Centro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tonalá, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Mario Luna-Flores
- Departamento de Ingeniería en Procesos Bioalimentarios, Universidad Tecnológica del Centro de Veracruz, Cuitláhuac, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Margarita Castillo-Téllez
- Facultad de Ingeniería, San Francisco de Campeche, Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, Campeche, Mexico
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