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Wang M, Xu Q, He N, Zhang L, Zhang X. Materialism and Problematic Social Network Sites Use Among Chinese Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Self-Esteem and Self-Control. Psychol Rep 2024; 127:668-687. [PMID: 36167485 DOI: 10.1177/00332941221130230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Prior studies have ascertained some risk factors of problematic social network sites use (PSNSU). Nevertheless, few research has examined the potential impact of materialism on PSNSU, as well as underlying mechanisms between this relationship. The present study investigated whether materialism would be linked with adolescents' PSNSU and whether self-esteem and self-control would mediate them. A sample of 1238 Chinese adolescents (53.6% females) completed measurements regarding demographics, materialism, PSNSU, self-esteem, and self-control. After controlling for gender and age, the results indicated that: (a) materialism was positively correlated with PSNSU; (b) materialism can indirectly affect PSNSU through the mediating effects of self-control; and (c) materialism can indirectly affect PSNSU through the sequential mediating role of self-esteem and self-control. These findings not only provide a new perspective for the cultivation of adolescents' values, but also contribute an important driving force for the prevention and intervention of adolescents' PSNSU in the information technology era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyun Wang
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China; Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, Xi'an, China
| | - Quan Xu
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China; Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, Xi'an, China
| | - Ning He
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China; Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, Xi'an, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China; Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, Xi'an, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China; Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, Xi'an, China
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Wang J, Xin X, Huo Y, Li Y, Han Y, Kong F. Bifactor Modelling, Reliability, and Validity of the Material Values Scale in Chinese Youth. Psychol Rep 2024; 127:465-484. [PMID: 35834410 DOI: 10.1177/00332941221114407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study validated the bifactor model of the Material Values Scale (MVS) and examined the association between materialism and subjective well-being (SWB). Study 1 utilized a material values questionnaire that 1673 college students completed. Confirmatory factor analysis results indicated that the bifactor model of the MVS had a better fit than other models. Likewise, the findings were replicated in Study 2 using a larger sample size (N = 2627). Through structural equation modeling, only the general and specific factors of success were found to be negative predictors of SWB. Our study both provides a methodological reference for measuring the MVS and compensates for the limitations of MVS measurement results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoyang Xin
- Center for Psychological Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongquan Huo
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying Li
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, Xi'an, China
| | - Yue Han
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China; Hailiang Foreign Language School, Shaoxing, China
| | - Feng Kong
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, Xi'an, China
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Hao M, Yang J, Xu S, Yan W, Yu H, Wang Q. The relationship between body dissatisfaction, lifestyle, and nutritional status among university students in Southern China. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:705. [PMID: 37777718 PMCID: PMC10543264 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05215-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, obesity in early adulthood has become an urgent global public health concern. Body dissatisfaction may have adverse effects on lifestyle habits, leading to obesity. However, research on nutritional status and body dissatisfaction among Chinese young adults is still insufficient. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the relationship between body dissatisfaction, dietary habits, physical activity, and nutritional status among university students. In addition, we explored the feasibility of improving university students' nutritional status by improving the levels of body dissatisfaction. METHODS This study was conducted in Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, China, at a randomly selected university. All 1900 undergraduate students volunteered to participate and signed the consent form. Students were required to completed anthropometric measurements and three questionnaires, which included the Physical Activity Rating Scale-3 (PARS-3), Chinese version of the Dutch Dietary Behavior Questionnaire (C-DEBQ), and Body Dissatisfaction. Of these, 1714 students (age: 18-24 years; men: 933, women: 781) with complete and valid data were included. RESULTS Higher obesity levels were observed in men compared to women (p<0.01). Meanwhile, body dissatisfaction was higher in women compared to men (p<0.01). Overeating and insufficient physical activity were more problematic in women compared to in men (p<0.01). Multiple regression analyses were conducted separately, with BMI and body dissatisfaction as the dependent variables. Body dissatisfaction (β=0.72, p<0.01), muscle mass (β=0.33, p<0.01), emotional eating score (β=0.05, p<0.01), sex (β=-0.05, p<0.05) and physical activity (β=-0.04, p<0.05) score were significant predictors of obesity. Furthermore, Muscle mass (β=0.61, p<0.01), sex (β=0.54, p<0.01), restrained eating score (β=0.25, p<0.01), physical activity score (β=-0.20, p<0.01) and emotional eating score (β=0.08, p<0.01) were significant predictors of body dissatisfaction. CONCLUSION The data presented in this study highlight the impact of university students' body dissatisfaction in China on physical activity deficiency and overeating, discovering that reducing body dissatisfaction has great potential for preventing obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Hao
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Juan Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Jiangxi, 341000, China.
| | - Shiliang Xu
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Liaoning Institute of Science and Technology, Benxi, 117000, Liaoning, China
| | - Wenjing Yan
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou , Jiangxi, 341000, China
| | - Hongfei Yu
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qi Wang
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
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Hao M, Fang Y, Yan W, Gu J, Hao Y, Wu C. Relationship between body dissatisfaction, insufficient physical activity, and disordered eating behaviors among university students in southern China. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2054. [DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14515-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
With an increasing incidence of obesity, the relationship between obesity and body image has become a hot research topic worldwide. From high school to university, young people experience changes in their social environment. University students have a high incidence of eating disorders and insufficient physical activity. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between body dissatisfaction, insufficient physical activity, and disordered eating behaviors among university students in southern China.
Methods
In total, 1296 university students aged 18–23 years were recruited for this study. The participants completed anthropometric measurements, the Physical Activity Rating scale-3 (PARS-3), and the Chinese-Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (C-DEBQ). The ideal weight and silhouette were reported by university students using a questionnaire.
Results
Compared with men, young women had a higher level of body dissatisfaction. For men, body mass index (BMI; β = 0.76, P < 0.01), physical activity score (β = − 0.11, P < 0.01), and restrained eating score (β = 0.10, P < 0.01) were the significant factors predictive of body dissatisfaction. For women, BMI (β = 0.57, P < 0.01), muscle mass (β = 0.12, P < 0.01), physical activity score (β = − 0.11, P < 0.01), and restrained eating score (β = 0.09, P < 0.01) were the significant factors predictive of body dissatisfaction.
Conclusions
University students with high body dissatisfaction had lower physical activity scores and higher restrained eating scores. The data presented here highlight the impact of university students’ body dissatisfaction on physical activity deficiency and disordered eating behaviors in China.
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Objectification and ambiguity of body image in women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A mixed-method study. J Affect Disord 2022; 310:296-303. [PMID: 35561883 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The manifestations of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), including acne, hirsutism, obesity, uncertain fertility, etc., can make women anxious, worried, or even depressed with their appearance and body. However, little relevant research has been conducted in the Chinese context. This mixed-method study aimed to understand how women with PCOS in China perceive their bodies and to examine the association between body image and depression. METHODS First, 101 PCOS patients participated in a survey using the Body Surveillance subscale of the Objectified Body Consciousness Scale, the Short-form Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale, the Appearance Anxiety Scale, and the Beck Depression Inventory-II, which measured participants' self-objectification, illness ambiguity, appearance anxiety, and depression, respectively. Second, fifteen women joined face-to-face semi-structured in-depth interviews, investigating their illness ambiguity, objectified experience, and behaviors to pursue beauty. RESULTS Results indicated a high level of self-objectification, illness ambiguity, appearance anxiety, and depression among women with PCOS in China and supported the significant associations among the outcomes. Qualitative findings presented a body image of the precarious body, indiscernible identity, and distraught mind. LIMITATIONS A convenient sampling method was used. The generalization of the study results needs further validation. Future longitudinal studies are necessary to clarify the causal relationships among outcomes. CONCLUSIONS This study presented women's body image with PCOS and found the negative impact of body image on their depression levels. This study was of both theoretical and practical significance. Appropriate mind-body therapies were suggested for them.
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Wu Y, Mulkens S, Alleva JM. Body image and acceptance of cosmetic surgery in China and the Netherlands: A qualitative study on cultural differences and similarities. Body Image 2022; 40:30-49. [PMID: 34801810 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2021.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
There is an established relationship between acceptance of cosmetic surgery and psychological factors, including body image. However, qualitative research among diverse cultural groups is needed to provide a more fine-grained understanding of the influences on women's attitudes towards cosmetic surgery. In this study, 20 Chinese and 20 Dutch women aged 18-50 years (MChinese = 34.20; MDutch = 34.70) participated in one-on-one semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. We identified three themes that captured the factors that women perceived to foster favorable attitudes towards cosmetic surgery: (a) sociocultural pressures (e.g., normalization of cosmetic surgery, appearance-focused peers); (b) intrapersonal characteristics (e.g., beauty-ideal internalization, social comparison); and (c) benefits of beauty (e.g., attracting men, socioeconomic benefits). Conversely, two themes captured the factors perceived to reduce favorable attitudes towards cosmetic surgery: (a) intrapersonal characteristics (e.g., unconditional body acceptance, self-confidence); and (b) external considerations (e.g., health risks, financial costs). Overall, Chinese and Dutch participants shared many similarities in their opinions about what might affect cosmetic surgery consideration. The most striking cross-cultural differences concerned perceived socioeconomic benefits of beauty (mainly Chinese women) and women's conceptualization of body appreciation. This study may enable a more comprehensive understanding about the factors influencing Chinese and Dutch women's attitudes towards cosmetic surgery, and the nuances in these relationships across these cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wu
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Sandra Mulkens
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica M Alleva
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Wang W, Zheng X, Yue X, Zhong N. The role of beauty as currency belief in acceptance of cosmetic surgery and career aspirations among Chinese young women. The Journal of Social Psychology 2021; 161:351-362. [PMID: 33158393 DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2020.1842314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The current study tested the "beauty as currency" hypothesis in the framework of Objectification theory with a sample of Chinese young women. Four hundred and four college women completed a pencil-and-paper questionnaire. We hypothesized that beauty as currency would be associated with acceptance of cosmetic surgery and career aspirations through the serial meditation of self-objectification and body surveillance. The results indicated that self-objectification and body surveillance mediated the relation between women's belief in beauty as currency and acceptance of cosmetic surgery. Body surveillance mediated the relationship between beauty as currency and career aspirations. These findings provide further evidence for the "beauty as currency" hypothesis, suggesting the feminine beauty ideology may lead to women's higher acceptance of cosmetic surgery and lower career aspirations via the self-objectifying process. Our study provides some implications for understanding the effect of women's ideologies on gender system change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Wang
- Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Wuhan University, Hubei Province, China.,Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaobing Zheng
- Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Wuhan University, Hubei Province, China.,Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaodong Yue
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nian Zhong
- Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Wuhan University, Hubei Province, China
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8
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Influence of objectification belief and consumerism culture on Chinese women’s views of cosmetic surgery. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01654-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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9
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Xiao L, Wang F. Examining the Links Between Beauty Ideals Internalization, the Objectification of Women, and Ambivalent Sexism Among Chinese Women: The Effects of Sexual Orientation. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2021; 50:553-562. [PMID: 32394113 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-020-01718-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The widespread propagation of beauty ideals has made their influence inescapable for women worldwide. Numerous studies have suggested the negative consequences of the internalization of beauty ideals. However, researchers have mostly focused on Western cultures, with only a few studies addressing China. Given that Chinese traditional Confucian values emphasize more reproduction and family duties of women, women suffer more pressures in China. However, not all women experience and respond to cultural practices in the same way. The present study aimed to examine the mechanism underlying the link between the internalization of beauty ideals and ambivalent sexism and the differences in this link among subgroups of Chinese women. Data were collected from a sample of 293 (146 heterosexual women, 147 sexual minority women). The results showed that the associations of the internalization of beauty ideals with hostile sexism and benevolent sexism were mediated by the objectification of women. Furthermore, the link between the internalization of beauty ideals and the objectification of women depended on women's sexual orientation. More specifically, for lesbian and bisexual women but not heterosexual women, the internalization of beauty ideals was positively associated with the objectification of women. The present study addressed a major gap by examining how and for whom the internalization of beauty ideals was associated with increased hostile sexism and benevolent sexism among Chinese women. Sociocultural factors and implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
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10
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11
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Wollast R, De Wilde M, Bernard P, Klein O. Percevoir son corps à travers le regard d’autrui : une revue de la littérature sur l’auto-objectification. ANNEE PSYCHOLOGIQUE 2020. [DOI: 10.3917/anpsy1.203.0321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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12
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Wollast R, Riemer AR, Gervais SJ, Grigoryan L, Bernard P, Klein O. How cultural orientation and self-compassion shape objectified body consciousness for women from America, Belgium, Russia, and Thailand. SELF AND IDENTITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2020.1787220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Wollast
- Center for Social and Cultural Psychology, Department of Psychology, Université Libre De Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Sarah J. Gervais
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | | | - Philippe Bernard
- Center for Social and Cultural Psychology, Department of Psychology, Université Libre De Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivier Klein
- Center for Social and Cultural Psychology, Department of Psychology, Université Libre De Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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13
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Ching BHH, Xu JT. Understanding cosmetic surgery consideration in Chinese adolescent girls: Contributions of materialism and sexual objectification. Body Image 2019; 28:6-15. [PMID: 30447417 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Based on objectification theory and the consumer culture impact model, this study examined psychological predictors of cosmetic surgery consideration in 314 Chinese adolescent girls. Path analyses revealed several findings. First, both interpersonal sexual objectification and materialism contributed to internalized appearance ideals, which in turn related to body surveillance, body shame, and facial appearance concerns. Second, the association between materialism and internalized appearance ideals was independent of the association between materialism and interpersonal sexual objectification. Third, internalized appearance ideals were linked to cosmetic surgery consideration via body surveillance and facial appearance concerns. Fourth, while internalized appearance ideals were associated with body shame, body shame did not mediate its association with cosmetic surgery consideration. Fifth, instead of body shame, facial appearance concerns mediated that link between body surveillance and cosmetic surgery consideration as well as the link between internalized appearance ideals and cosmetic surgery consideration. This study provides support to the basic tenets of objectification theory and the consumer culture impact model as applied to Chinese adolescent girls' willingness to consider cosmetic surgery. It suggests that using a measure that is more sensitive to salient cultural concerns is important when attempting to understand body image issues in different cultural contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boby Ho-Hong Ching
- Faculty of Education, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, China.
| | - Jason Teng Xu
- Department of East Asian Languages and Cultural Studies, University of California, Santa Barbara, United States
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14
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Sun Q. Materialism, Body Surveillance, Body Shame, and Body Dissatisfaction: Testing a Mediational Model. Front Psychol 2018; 9:2088. [PMID: 30425675 PMCID: PMC6218615 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to examine the mechanisms underlying the links between materialism and body dissatisfaction. A sample of 583 Chinese undergraduate women completed a questionnaire measuring materialism, body surveillance, body shame, and body dissatisfaction. Correlational analysis showed that materialism, body surveillance, and body shame were significantly positively correlated with body dissatisfaction. The results of path analyses revealed that higher materialism predicted more body dissatisfaction, albeit indirectly, via higher body surveillance and body shame.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Sun
- College of Ideological and Political Education, Henan University of Economic and Law, Zhengzhou, China
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15
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Sun Q. Materialism, Self-Objectification, and Capitalization of Sexual Attractiveness Increase Young Chinese Women's Willingness to Consider Cosmetic Surgery. Front Psychol 2018; 9:2002. [PMID: 30405490 PMCID: PMC6206296 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Research reveals significant positive associations between materialism and cosmetic surgery consideration, yet little is known about why this relationship exists. To address this question, the present study examined potential mediators of the links between materialism and cosmetic surgery consideration. A sample of 336 Chinese undergraduate women completed measures of materialism, self-objectification, capitalization of sexual attractiveness, and cosmetic surgery consideration. Correlational analysis showed that materialism, self-objectification, and capitalization of sexual attractiveness were significantly positively correlated with cosmetic surgery consideration. The results of path analyses revealed that higher materialism predicted more willingness to consider cosmetic surgery, both directly and indirectly via higher self-objectification and capitalization of sexual attractiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Sun
- College of Ideological and Political Education, Henan University of Economic and Law, Zhengzhou, China
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16
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Wu M, Lang M. Female Questionnaire of Trait Self-Objectification: Initial Development and Validation in China. SEX ROLES 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11199-018-0972-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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17
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Adams KE, Tyler JM, Calogero R, Lee J. Exploring the relationship between appearance-contingent self-worth and self-esteem: The roles of self-objectification and appearance anxiety. Body Image 2017; 23:176-182. [PMID: 29055772 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Previous work has shown that both an appearance-contingent self-worth (i.e., staking one's overall self-evaluation on one's physical appearance) and self-objectification are associated with higher appearance anxiety and lower self-esteem among women. Although prior evidence separately links both appearance-contingent self-worth and self-objectification to these negative outcomes, no work has examined the mediating processes that may underlie this relationship. With the current project, we examined the relationship between appearance-contingent self-worth and self-objectification, and the degree to which this relationship is associated with higher appearance anxiety and lower overall self-esteem. We hypothesized that appearance-contingent self-worth would be positively associated with self-objectification; in turn, we expected self-objectification to be related to higher appearance anxiety, and ultimately, lower self-esteem. Across two studies, one cross-sectional (N=208) and one short-term longitudinal (N=191), we found compelling support for this hypothesis. These findings have practical and theoretical significance for both the self-objectification and contingent self-worth literatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E Adams
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, 703 3rd St., West Lafayette, United States.
| | - James M Tyler
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, 703 3rd St., West Lafayette, United States.
| | - Rachel Calogero
- Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Jenifer Lee
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, 703 3rd St., West Lafayette, United States.
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18
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Rollero C, De Piccoli N. Self-Objectification and Personal Values. An Exploratory Study. Front Psychol 2017; 8:1055. [PMID: 28690577 PMCID: PMC5482001 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-objectification occurs when individuals treat themselves as objects to be viewed and evaluated based upon appearance. Literature has largely elucidated links between self-objectification and damaging outcomes in both men and women. The purpose of the present study was to extend past research on the antecedents of self-objectification. We were interested in the role played by specific ideological components, i.e., higher order personal values (self-enhancement, conservation, self-transcendence, and openness to change), in influencing the degree to which individuals internalize the objectifying perspective of the Western cultural milieu, i.e., self-objectify. Undergraduate participants (N = 371, 76.8% women) completed measures of self-objectification (i.e., body surveillance and body shame), and endorsement of higher order values. Regression analyses demonstrated that self-enhancement is linked to higher self-objectification in both men and women, whereas conservation is related only to women’s body surveillance. Self-transcendence seemed to act as a buffer against men’s body surveillance, whereas openness to change resulted as a buffer against women’s body surveillance. Implications are discusses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Rollero
- Facoltà di Psicologia, Università degli Studi eCampusNovedrate, Italy
| | - Norma De Piccoli
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università degli Studi di TorinoTurin, Italy
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