1
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Kong S. How Gender-Targeted Body Image Concerns Influence People's Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Consumption. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2024; 39:1218-1234. [PMID: 37183655 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2023.2210378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
As excessive sugar intake can result in obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and even cancer, this study aims to help people reduce sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) intake by exploring how gender-differed body image concerns influence people's attitude and intention of SSBs consumption. A 2 (Participants' gender: Male vs. Female) × 2 (Image gender: Male vs. Female) × 2 (Body image concern: Gaining weight vs. Losing muscle mass) online experiment was conducted to examine how the gender-differed body image concerns influence people's perception of SSBs. The findings showed that gender-differed body image concerns exerted a significant influence across genders. Muscle mass loss-related information is more effective in generating negative attitude toward SSBs from males. Female image-related physical appearance change is more effective in generating negative attitude toward SSBs from females. This study also contributes to targeted communication by revealing that the quality-oriented targeted information outperformed the traditional quantity-oriented targeted information. Furthermore, this study complements EPPM by discovering the underlying mechanisms of female-targeted body image concern, such as perceived severity and response efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sining Kong
- Communication and Media, Texas A&M University at Corpus Christi
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2
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Angrish K, Oshana D, Gammage KL. Flex Friday: A content analysis of men's fitspiration on Instagram. Body Image 2024; 48:101651. [PMID: 38061212 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2023.101651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Fitspiration is a social media trend that utilizes images and quotes to promote and inspire physical health and fitness. However, research has shown Fitspiration reinforces the rigidly defined appearance ideal, particularly in women, which can lead to negative body image. There remains limited understanding of the characteristics and impact of men's Fitspiration. The purpose of this content analysis was to investigate the nature, presentation, and text-based messages of male-focused Fitspiration on Instagram. Hashtags (#) were used to collect 1,000 random images from Instagram. Content codes for images included body type, objectification, activities, and messages conveyed. Results showed most images consisted of men accentuating their highly muscular upper bodies with low body fat, consistent with the male appearance ideal. Also, men were often shown engaging in activities irrelevant to health or fitness (i.e., passive modeling) that emphasized their physical appearance. Consistent with research examining female-focused Fitspiration, male-focused Fitspiration reinforces a glamorized appearance ideal with low focus on health and fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirina Angrish
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, ON, Canada; Department of Kinesiology, Brock-Niagara Center for Health and Well-Being, Brock University, ON, Canada.
| | - David Oshana
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, ON, Canada; Department of Kinesiology, Brock-Niagara Center for Health and Well-Being, Brock University, ON, Canada
| | - Kimberley L Gammage
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, ON, Canada; Department of Kinesiology, Brock-Niagara Center for Health and Well-Being, Brock University, ON, Canada
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3
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McCabe M, Alcaraz-Ibanez M, Markey C, Sicilia A, Rodgers RF, Aimé A, Dion J, Pietrabissa G, Lo Coco G, Caltabiano M, Strodl E, Bégin C, Blackburn MÉ, Castelnuovo G, Granero-Gallegos A, Gullo S, Hayami-Chisuwa N, He Q, Maïano C, Manzoni GM, Mellor D, Probst M, Fuller-Tyszkiewicz M. A longitudinal evaluation of a biopsychosocial model predicting BMI and disordered eating among young adults. AUSTRALIAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/00050067.2023.2181686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marita McCabe
- School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Hawthorn, Australia
| | - Manuel Alcaraz-Ibanez
- Health Research Center and Department of Education, University of Almeria, Almeria, Spain
| | - Charlotte Markey
- Department of Psychology, Health Sciences Centre, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Alvaro Sicilia
- Health Research Center and Department of Education, University of Almeria, Almeria, Spain
| | - Rachel F. Rodgers
- Department of Applied Psychology, North Eastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatric Emergency & Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Annie Aimé
- Department of Psychoeducation and Psychology, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Saint-Jérôme, Canada
| | - Jacinthe Dion
- Department of Health Sciences, Université du Québec á Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, Canada
| | - Giada Pietrabissa
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Psychology Research Laboratory, S. Giuseppe Hospital, Oggebbio-Piancavallo, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Lo Coco
- Department of Psychology, Educational Sciences and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marie Caltabiano
- School of Psychology, James Cook University, Smithfield, Australia
| | - Esben Strodl
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | | | - Gianluca Castelnuovo
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Psychology Research Laboratory, S. Giuseppe Hospital, Oggebbio-Piancavallo, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Salvatore Gullo
- Department of Psychology, Educational Sciences and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Qiqiang He
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Christoph Maïano
- Department of Psychoeducation and Psychology, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Saint-Jérôme, Canada
| | - Gian Mauro Manzoni
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Psychology Research Laboratory, S. Giuseppe Hospital, Oggebbio-Piancavallo, Italy
| | - David Mellor
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| | - Michel Probst
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matthew Fuller-Tyszkiewicz
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
- Center for Social and Early Emotional Development, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
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4
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Scheiber R, Diehl S, Karmasin M. Socio-cultural power of social media on orthorexia nervosa: An empirical investigation on the mediating role of thin-ideal and muscular internalization, appearance comparison, and body dissatisfaction. Appetite 2023; 185:106522. [PMID: 36893917 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.106522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
As social media continues to penetrate users' daily lives, concerns about its negative impact on body image issues and eating disorders are becoming focuses of research. It remains unclear whether social media should be held responsible for promoting orthorexia nervosa-a problematic and extreme fixation on healthy eating. The present study draws on socio-cultural theory and tests a social media-based model in the context of orthorexia nervosa to enhance knowledge of social media's influence on body image issues and orthorectic eating tendencies. The socio-cultural model was tested using structural equation modeling based on responses from a German-speaking sample (n = 647). The results indicate that social media users' involvement with health and fitness accounts is associated with higher orthorectic eating tendencies. Thin-ideal and muscular internalizations mediated this relationship. Interestingly, body dissatisfaction and appearance comparison were not mediators, which can be attributed to the characteristics of orthorexia nervosa. Higher involvement with health and fitness accounts on social media was also related to higher appearance comparisons. The results highlight the powerful influence of social media on orthorexia nervosa and the relevance of socio-cultural models in investigating the mechanisms underlying this influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Scheiber
- Department of Media and Communication, Section Organizational and Health Communication, University of Klagenfurt, Universitätsstraße 65-67, 9020, Klagenfurt am Wörthersee, Austria.
| | - Sandra Diehl
- Department of Media and Communication, Section Organizational and Health Communication, University of Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt am Wörthersee, Austria
| | - Matthias Karmasin
- Department of Media and Communication, Section Organizational and Health Communication, University of Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt am Wörthersee, Austria
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5
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Sicilia Á, Granero-Gallegos A, Alcaraz-Ibáñez M, Sánchez-Gallardo I, Medina-Casaubón J. Sociocultural pressures towards the thin and mesomorphic body ideals and their impact on the eating and exercise-related body change strategies of early adolescents: a longitudinal study. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03920-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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6
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Nielson MG, Ward LM, Seabrook RC, Giaccardi S. The Roots and Fruits of Masculinity: Social Antecedents and Sexual Relationship Consequences of Young Men's Adherence to Masculine Norms. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2022; 59:897-910. [PMID: 35316111 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2022.2049188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
On a longitudinal sample of 181 emerging adult men (Mage = 19.36, SDage = 1.48), we analyzed how diverse socializing agents (fathers, male peers, magazines, music videos, TV dramas, and TV sitcoms) related to adherence to masculine norms, and how norm adherence related to men's interpersonal sexual cognitions and behaviors (romantic relationship self-efficacy, sexual self-esteem, and alcohol-primed sexual encounters). We found that male peers, magazines, and music videos related to masculine norm adherence one year later, and that norm adherence predicted increased alcohol-primed sexual encounters. We followed this up with analyses investigating the role of specific masculine norms and found unique socialization and outcome paths for different masculine norms. For example, analyses indicated that male peers were positively related to norms of winning, power over women, playboy attitudes, and risk-taking, and that playboy attitudes, risk-taking, emotional control, and self-reliance predicted lower levels of romantic relationship self-efficacy. Interestingly, sitcom viewing related to lower adherence to masculine norms including heterosexual presentation and having power over women. Findings identify the unique influence of male peers, magazines, and music videos on young men's sexual cognitions and behaviors and highlight how combining different socialization agents in one model is key to identifying these unique patterns of socialization and their consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Soraya Giaccardi
- Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism, University of Southern California
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7
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Cyberbullying victimization and disordered eating behaviors: The mediating roles of self-compassion and self-objectification. Appetite 2022; 178:106267. [PMID: 35961475 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated the correlations between cyberbullying victimization and disordered eating behaviors in adolescents, however, limited attention has been paid to the long-term effects and underlying mechanisms, and studies focused on young adults are scarce. This study explored the association between cyberbullying victimization and disordered eating behaviors and the underlying mechanisms in a sample of young adults using a longitudinal design. A total of 955 Chinese young adults completed the Cyber Victim Subscale of the Cyber Victim and Bullying Scale, the Self-surveillance Subscale of the Objectified Body Consciousness Scale, the Self-compassion Scale-Short Form, and the Dutch Eating Behaviors Questionnaire three times with a 3-months interval. The results indicated that cyberbullying victimization was positively correlated with emotional eating and external eating after six months, but not with restrained eating. Moreover, self-compassion and self-objectification mediated the associations between cyberbullying victimization and the three kinds of disordered eating behaviors, however, in different ways. In the associations of cyberbullying victimization with restrained eating and external eating, the independent mediating effect of self-objectification and the serial mediating effect were significant, while in the association between cyberbullying victimization and emotional eating, only the independent mediating effect of self-compassion was significant. The findings indicated that the relations between cyberbullying with different kinds of disordered eating behaviors might have different mediation mechanisms, which sheds light on the prevention and intervention for disordered eating behaviors associated with cyberbullying in the future.
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8
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Rodgers RF, Berry RA, Laveway K. Body image concerns and disordered eating among older women: Identifying variables of interest for integrated models. Int J Eat Disord 2022; 55:886-891. [PMID: 35092325 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Research focused on developing risk and protective models of body image concerns and disordered eating among older women is scant. Models including biological, psychological, and sociocultural elements may be useful explanatory frameworks in this group. Thus, the aim of this study was to conduct formative research exploring the constructs that form part of biopsychosocial models of body image concerns and disordered eating among older women. METHOD A sample of 184 women aged 60-75 years completed an online survey assessing media pressures, thin-ideal internalization, depression symptoms, weight and shape concerns, and disordered eating as well as positive reappraisal and acceptance of aging-related changes to appearance. RESULTS After the addition of two supplemental pathways, the model revealed good fit to the data. In the final model, age, depression, and media pressure were associated with media internalization, that was in turn associated with weight and shape concerns, and then disordered eating. Depression was also directly associated with both weight and shape concerns and disordered eating. The model varied across older women with high versus low levels of positive reappraisal and acceptance of aging-related changes to appearance. Specifically, among those high on this trait, the pathways between depression and thin-ideal internalization, and between weight and shape concerns and disordered eating were significantly weaker. DISCUSSION These findings support the usefulness of biopsychosocial models for grounding research on body image concerns and disordered eating among older women, and suggest positive reappraisal and acceptance of aging-related changes to appearance as a useful dimension to focus on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel F Rodgers
- APPEAR, Department of Applied Educational Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Psychiatric Emergency & Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Rachel A Berry
- APPEAR, Department of Applied Educational Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Counseling and Psychological Services, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Katherine Laveway
- APPEAR, Department of Applied Educational Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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9
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Svantorp-Tveiten KME, Ivarsson A, Torstveit MK, Sundgot-Borgen C, Mathisen TF, Bratland-Sanda S, Rosenvinge JH, Friborg O, Pettersen G, Sundgot-Borgen J. The Healthy Body Image Intervention and Reduction in Eating Disorder Symptomatology and Muscle Building Supplement Use in High School Students: A Study of Mediating Factors. Front Psychol 2022; 13:803654. [PMID: 35837620 PMCID: PMC9274278 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.803654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mediation analysis is important to test the theoretical framework underpinning an intervention. We therefore aimed to investigate if the healthy body image (HBI) intervention's effect on eating disorder (ED) symptomatology and use of muscle building supplements was mediated by the change in risk and protective factors for ED development and muscle building supplement use. Methods This study used data from the HBI intervention: a cluster randomized controlled universal intervention aiming to promote positive body image and embodiment and reduce the risk for ED development including 30 schools in Norway. A total of 1,713 (37% boys) participants were included in the analyses. Conditional latent growth curve analyses were performed to test for indirect effects on ED symptomatology and weekly frequency of protein and creatine supplement use measured at the 12-month follow-up via change in the proposed mediators. Results In girls, the reduction in ED symptomatology was mediated by positive changes in protective factors (self-esteem and body image flexibility) and reductions in risk factor scores (perceived media pressure and thin appearance internalization). Comparable changes in protective and risk factors among boys played no mediating role. Conclusion Interventions aiming to reduce the risk of ED development in girls may benefit from aiming to enhance self-esteem and body image flexibility and reduce perceived media pressure and thin appearance internalization. Future studies should investigate the casual relationship between muscle building supplement use and risk and protective factors for ED development in both girls and boys.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreas Ivarsson
- Center of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden
- Department of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | | | | | | | - Solfrid Bratland-Sanda
- Department of Sports, Physical Education and Outdoor Studies, University of South-Eastern Norway, Kongsberg, Norway
| | | | - Oddgeir Friborg
- Department of Psychology, UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Gunn Pettersen
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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10
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Frederick DA, Gordon AR, Cook-Cottone CP, Brady JP, Reynolds TA, Alley J, Garcia JR, Brown TA, Compte EJ, Convertino L, Crerand CE, Malcarne VL, Nagata JM, Parent MC, Pennesi JL, Perez M, Pila E, Rodgers RF, Schaefer LM, Thompson JK, Tylka TL, Murray SB. Demographic and sociocultural predictors of sexuality-related body image and sexual frequency: The U.S. Body Project I. Body Image 2022; 41:109-127. [PMID: 35247866 PMCID: PMC9729002 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Body image is a critical component of an individual's sexual experiences. This makes it critical to identify demographic and sociocultural correlates of sexuality-related body image: the subjective feelings, cognitions, and evaluations related to one's body in the context of sexual experience. We examined how sexuality-related body image differed by gender, sexual orientation, race, age, and BMI. Four items assessing sexuality-related body image were completed by 11,620 U.S. adults: self-perceived sex appeal of their body, nude appearance satisfaction, and the extent to which they believed that body image positively or negatively affected their sexual enjoyment and feelings of sexual acceptability as a partner. Men reported slightly less nude appearance dissatisfaction and fewer negative effects of body image on sexual enjoyment and sexual acceptability than women, but did not differ in reported sex appeal. Poorer sexuality-related body image was reported by people with higher BMIs, not in relationships, who had sex less frequently, among White compared to Black women and men, and among gay compared to heterosexual men. Data also revealed a subgroup of respondents who reported that their body image had a positive impact on their sex lives. The findings highlight a need for interventions addressing sexuality-related body image.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Frederick
- Crean College of Health and Behavioral Sciences, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA,Corresponding author. (D.A. Frederick)
| | - Allegra R. Gordon
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Catherine P. Cook-Cottone
- Department of Counseling, School, and Educational Psychology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - John P. Brady
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Tania A. Reynolds
- Psychology Department, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA,The Kinsey Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Jenna Alley
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Justin R. Garcia
- The Kinsey Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA,Department of Gender Studies, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Tiffany A. Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Emilio J. Compte
- School of Psychology, Adolfo Ibáñez University, Santiago, Chile,Research Department, Comenzar de Nuevo Treatment Center, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Lexie Convertino
- San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Canice E. Crerand
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Jason M. Nagata
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael C. Parent
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Jamie-Lee Pennesi
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Marisol Perez
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Eva Pila
- School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Rachel F. Rodgers
- APPEAR, Department of Applied Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Psychiatric Emergency & Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Tracy L. Tylka
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Stuart B. Murray
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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11
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Frederick DA, Hazzard VM, Schaefer LM, Rodgers RF, Gordon AR, Tylka TL, Pennesi JL, Convertino L, Parent MC, Brown TA, Compte EJ, Cook-Cottone CP, Crerand CE, Malcarne VL, Nagata JM, Perez M, Pila E, Thompson JK, Murray SB. Sexual orientation differences in pathways from sociocultural and objectification constructs to body satisfaction: The U.S. Body Project I. Body Image 2022; 41:181-194. [PMID: 35272100 PMCID: PMC9812653 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Objectification theory and the tripartite influence model provide useful frameworks for understanding the body image experiences of men and women. However, there is little systematic investigation of how sexual orientation moderates the links between these constructs and body image satisfaction. It has been hypothesized, for example, that the associations of surveillance (i.e., monitoring of one's appearance due to objectification by others) would be strongest for groups targeted by the male gaze (e.g., gay men, lesbian women, and bisexual men and women). Here we proposed an integrated sociocultural model and examined these pathways in multigroup structural equation models in a national sample of heterosexual, bisexual, and lesbian women (ns = 5395; 598; 213, respectively), and heterosexual, bisexual, and gay men (4869; 194; and 194, respectively) aged 18-65 years. Sexual orientation moderated some of these pathways. The most consistent pattern was that appearance pressures were internalized to a greater extent among bisexual participants. The pathways to poorer body image were generally similar among heterosexual and gay/lesbian men and women. These findings highlight the importance of examining sexual orientation-specific influences on body image across diverse groups, as well as the commonalities in the experiences of men and women across sexual orientations.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Frederick
- Crean College of Health and Behavioral Sciences, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA,Corresponding authors. (D.A. Frederick), (V.M. Hazzard)
| | - Vivienne M. Hazzard
- Sanford Center for Bio-behavioral Research, Fargo, ND, USA,Corresponding authors. (D.A. Frederick), (V.M. Hazzard)
| | | | - Rachel F. Rodgers
- APPEAR, Department of Applied Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Allegra R. Gordon
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tracy L. Tylka
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jamie-Lee Pennesi
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Lexie Convertino
- San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Michael C. Parent
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Tiffany A. Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Emilio J. Compte
- School of Psychology, Adolfo Ibáñez University, Santiago, Chile,Research Department, Comenzar de Nuevo Treatment Center, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Catherine P. Cook-Cottone
- Department of Counseling, School, and Educational Psychology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Canice E. Crerand
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Jason M. Nagata
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Marisol Perez
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe AZ, USA
| | - Eva Pila
- School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | | | - Stuart B. Murray
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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12
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Frederick DA, Schaefer LM, Hazzard VM, Rodgers RF, Tylka TL, Ong LQ, Pennesi JL, Convertino L, Parent MC, Brown TA, Compte EJ, Cook-Cottone CP, Crerand CE, Malcarne VL, Nagata JM, Perez M, Pila E, Thompson JK, Murray SB. Racial identity differences in pathways from sociocultural and objectification constructs to body satisfaction: The U.S. Body Project I. Body Image 2022; 41:140-155. [PMID: 35255272 PMCID: PMC9812654 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Racial minority men and women face a wide variety of appearance-related pressures, including ones connected to their cultural backgrounds and phenotypic features associated with their identity. These body image concerns exist within a larger context, wherein racial minorities face pressures from multiple cultures or subcultures simultaneously to achieve unrealistic appearance ideals. However, limited research has investigated racial differences in the relationships between theorized sociocultural risk factors and body image in large samples. This study tests pathways from an integrated sociocultural model drawing on objectification theory and the tripartite influence model to three key body image outcomes: appearance evaluation, body image quality of life, and face image satisfaction. These pathways were tested using multigroup structural equation modeling in a national sample of White, Black, Hispanic, and Asian men and women (ns = 205-4797 per group). Although many hypothesized associations were similar in strength across groups, race moderated some of the pathways between sociocultural pressures (media, peer, family), internalization of appearance ideals (thin-ideal, muscular/athletic), appearance surveillance, and body image outcomes. Findings support the likely role of both shared and specific risk factors for body image outcomes, suggesting avenues for tailoring adapted interventions in order to target culturally-salient risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Frederick
- Crean College of Health and Behavioral Sciences, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA,Corresponding authors. (D.A. Frederick), (V.M. Hazzard)
| | | | - Vivienne M. Hazzard
- Sanford Center for Bio-behavioral Research, Fargo, ND, USA,Corresponding authors. (D.A. Frederick), (V.M. Hazzard)
| | - Rachel F. Rodgers
- APPEAR, Department of Applied Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tracy L. Tylka
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lydia Q. Ong
- Department of Psychology, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Jamie-Lee Pennesi
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Lexie Convertino
- San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Michael C. Parent
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Tiffany A. Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Emilio J. Compte
- School of Psychology, Adolfo Ibáñez University, Santiago, Chile,Research Department, Comenzar de Nuevo Treatment Center, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Catherine P. Cook-Cottone
- Department of Counseling, School, and Educational Psychology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Canice E. Crerand
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Jason M. Nagata
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Marisol Perez
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Eva Pila
- School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | | | - Stuart B. Murray
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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13
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Maternal, paternal, and media messages: Interaction effects on body esteem across gender in emerging adults. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-02795-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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14
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Arkenau R, Bauer A, Schneider S, Vocks S. Familial transmission of attention allocation towards one’s own and a peer’s body: An eye-tracking study with male adolescents and their fathers. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263223. [PMID: 35100298 PMCID: PMC8803192 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research provides evidence of maternally transmitted body-related attentional biases in female adolescents. In contrast, it remains unclear whether a familial transmission of body-related attentional biases also exists within father-son dyads. Therefore, the current study examined n = 42 male adolescents and their fathers with respect to direct and indirect paternal influences on body-related attention patterns and specific body-related concerns in sons. Besides completing specific body image questionnaires, participants were shown pictures of their own and a respective peer’s body, while their eye movements were tracked. The fathers additionally viewed the body pictures of their own son and an adolescent peer. Contrary to the assumed direct and indirect paternal transmission processes, the sons’ body-related attention patterns were not significantly associated with the perceived amount of paternal body-related feedback, with the fathers’ attention patterns towards their own son’s and the adolescent peer’s body, or with the fathers’ attention patterns towards their own and the adult peer’s body. Similarly, no significant associations were found between direct or indirect paternal influences and the sons’ drives for muscularity and thinness, body dissatisfaction, and muscularity-related body-checking behavior. Comparing the present findings with previous research indicating a maternal transmission of body-related attentional biases and body-related concerns in female adolescents, alternative (not gender-linked) familial transmission processes, e.g., via one’s own mother, or a comparatively higher relevance of other sociocultural influences, e.g., via peers or the media, might be assumed for male adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rike Arkenau
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Anika Bauer
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Silvia Schneider
- Department of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Silja Vocks
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
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15
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Social Media Use and Body Dissatisfaction in Adolescents: The Moderating Role of Thin- and Muscular-Ideal Internalisation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182413222. [PMID: 34948830 PMCID: PMC8701501 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Internalisation of appearance ideals moderates the relationship between exposure to media images and body dissatisfaction. To date, the role of thin- and muscular-ideal internalisation in the context of social media remains under explored, particularly for boys. As such, we aimed to explore how social media use (Instagram and Snapchat) was related to body dissatisfaction, and whether thin- and muscular-ideal internalisation would moderate this relationship in a sample of 1153 adolescent boys and girls (55.42% males; Mage = 13.71, SD = 1.14). As hypothesised, social media use, and thin- and muscular ideal internalisation were positively correlated with body dissatisfaction in both genders. In moderation analyses, thin-ideal internalisation emerged as the only variable that had a significant effect on body dissatisfaction in both genders. Additionally, the influence of social media use on body dissatisfaction was moderated by muscular-ideal internalisation in boys, whereby for boys with high muscular-ideal internalisation, greater social media use was associated with greater body dissatisfaction. The two-way (muscular x thin-ideal internalisation) and three-way interaction (social media use x thin-ideal internalisation x muscular-ideal internalisation) effects on body dissatisfaction were non-significant. These findings emphasise the importance of considering the sociocultural environment (i.e., new media influences) as frameworks for understanding body dissatisfaction and suggest targeting of internalisation of appearance ideals in body dissatisfaction prevention programs.
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16
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An Exploratory Assessment of Sociocultural Attitudes and Appearance Comparison Among Athletes With Physical Disabilities. Adapt Phys Activ Q 2021; 38:702-710. [PMID: 34453022 DOI: 10.1123/apaq.2020-0244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the internalization of sociocultural attitudes and appearance comparison among U.S. athletes with physical disabilities. Female (n = 19) and male (n = 25) athletes between the ages of 18 and 73 years completed a quantitative survey along with two exploratory open-ended questions related to body appearance and influencers. Results showed significant correlations between internalization of the thin and low-body-fat ideal and appearance comparison (r = .55, p < .05) and internalization of the muscular ideal and appearance comparison (r = .76, p < .05) among women. For men, results showed a significant association between internalization of the muscular ideal and appearance comparison (r = .52, p < .05). The findings prompt further investigation of whether appearance comparison and internalization influence body dissatisfaction and disordered eating among athletes with physical disabilities.
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17
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An exploration of the tripartite influence model of body image in Lithuanian sample of young adults: does body weight make a difference? Eat Weight Disord 2021; 26:1781-1791. [PMID: 32894452 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-020-00996-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study aimed to test the sociocultural Tripartite Influence Model (TIM) that helps to explain the associations between the sociocultural pressures to achieve stereotyped body ideals and disordered eating in young Lithuanian women and men of different body mass. METHODS A mixed-gender sample of students (n = 1850, 58.8% female, the mean age of men was 20.4 (SD = 3.1) years, of women 22.4 (SD = 5.8) years) filled in series of questionnaires including the social attitudes towards appearance, body image, disordered eating and drive for muscularity. Mediation analyses were performed to estimate the size of total, direct, and indirect effects of variables in the models. RESULTS For women of different body weight, the TIM model was fully replicated. For men of normal weight, internalization of the muscular/athletic ideal, drive for muscularity and greater investment towards appearance mediated the relationships between peers' pressures and disordered eating. For overweight men, internalization of the thin and muscular/athletic ideals, poorer body image mediated associations between pressure from the peers and disordered eating. However, the internalization of the muscular/athletic ideal and the greater appearance evaluation mediated the associations between sociocultural pressures and disordered eating for overweight and obese men. CONCLUSION The TIM was replicated in women of different body weight. However, internalization of the thin/low fat ideal was not relevant for men of normal body weight and internalization of the muscular ideal had different outcomes for men of different body mass index. The implications of the results for practice are discussed. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE V, Cross-sectional descriptive study.
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18
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Reflections About What I Learned as an Editor Making Judgments about Gender and Gendered Contexts with a Feminist Perspective. SEX ROLES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11199-021-01235-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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19
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Taniguchi E. Role of parental confirmation in body dissatisfaction and body change behaviors among college men. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2021; 69:520-528. [PMID: 31730753 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2019.1684299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To examine how the components of confirmation (i.e., acceptance and challenge) from mother and father have an indirect effect on college men's body dissatisfaction through self-concept, and if body dissatisfaction, in turn, is related to body change behaviors. Participants: College men (N = 237) aged 18-25 from two large universities completed an online survey. Methods: Structural equation modeling was conducted to test hypothesized mediation model. Results: Maternal acceptance had negative indirect effects on body dissatisfaction through self-concept, and body dissatisfaction, in turn, was positively related to body change behaviors. Mother challenge emerged as a near-significant direct and positive predictor of muscularity enhancement behaviors. None of the paternal variables significantly contributed to the model. Conclusions: Mother acceptance may contribute to sons' positive view of self and their appearance, potentially reducing the likelihood of their engagement in body change behaviors. Intervention can target parent-child communication and enhancement of college men's self-concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiko Taniguchi
- Department of Communicology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
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20
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Ching BHH, Chen TT, He CC. Testing a dual pathway model of appearance-related commentary in gay men: Appearance contingent self-worth as a moderator. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02033-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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21
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Buckley GL, Hall LE, Lassemillante ACM, Belski R. Disordered eating & body image of current and former athletes in a pandemic; a convergent mixed methods study - What can we learn from COVID-19 to support athletes through transitions? J Eat Disord 2021; 9:73. [PMID: 34167589 PMCID: PMC8223527 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-021-00427-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has seen worsened mental health as a result of lockdowns, isolation and changes to sociocultural functioning. The postponement of the Tokyo 2020 Olympics is representative of global cancellations of sporting events, reduced facility access and support restrictions that have affected both current and former athlete's psychological wellbeing. This study aimed to determine whether current (n = 93) and former (n = 111) athletes experienced worsened body image, relationship with food or eating disorder symptomatology during acute COVID-19 transitions. METHODS The study was a Convergent Mixed Methods design whereby qualitative content analysis was collected and analysed simultaneously with quantitative cross-sectional data using the EAT-26 and self-report COVID-19 questions. Data were collected from April until May 2020 to capture data pertaining to transitions related to the pandemic and included individuals across 41 different individual and team sports from club to international competition levels. RESULTS There was a surge in disordered eating in current and former athletes as a result of the early COVID-19 response. Eating disorders were suggested to occur in 21.1% of participants (18% current athletes n = 17, 25% former athletes (n = 26). There was a significant difference between males and females (p = 0.018, r = 0.17), but interestingly no differences between groups from individual vs team sports, type of sporting category (endurance, antigravitational, ball sport, power, technical and aesthetic) or level of competition (club, state, national or international). 34.8% (n = 69) self-reported worsened body image and 32.8% (n = 65) self-reported a worsened food relationship directly from COVID-19. Qualitative analysis indicated that disordered eating occurred predominantly in the form of body preoccupation, inhibitory food control, fear of body composition changes and binge eating. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that transitions in COVID-19 have worsened food-body relationships in current and former athletes and must be treated as an at-risk time for eating disorder development. We suggest that resources are allocated appropriately to assist athletes to foster psychologically positive food and body relationships through COVID-19 transitions. This study makes practice suggestions in supporting athletes to manage control, seek support, adapt and accept change and promote connection and variety through athletic transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Louise Buckley
- Department of Nursing and Allied Health, Swinburne University of Technology, John St, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122 Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, Inside Out Institute, Sydney University, John Hopkins Drive, Camperdown, New South Wales 2050 Australia
| | | | - Annie-Claude M. Lassemillante
- Department of Nursing and Allied Health, Swinburne University of Technology, John St, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122 Australia
| | - Regina Belski
- Department of Nursing and Allied Health, Swinburne University of Technology, John St, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122 Australia
- Department of Dietetics, Human Nutrition and Sport, LaTrobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083 Australia
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22
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Rodgers RF, Simone M, Franko DL, Eisenberg ME, Loth K, Neumark-Sztainer D. The longitudinal relationship between family and peer teasing in young adulthood and later unhealthy weight control behaviors: The mediating role of body image. Int J Eat Disord 2021; 54:831-840. [PMID: 33644886 PMCID: PMC8119351 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sociocultural theories hold that family and peer weight-related teasing increases the risk for unhealthy weight control behaviors (UWCBs) by negatively impacting body image. Although much cross-sectional support exists for these pathways, longitudinal data are lacking. This study tested the longitudinal relationships among peer and family teasing (occurrence and perceived impact) in early adolescence, body satisfaction in late adolescence, and UWCBs in young adulthood among a racially/ethnically and socioeconomically diverse population. METHOD Data were drawn from three waves of Project EAT over a 15-year period (Eating and Activity in Teens and Young Adults), and included responses from 1,902 young adults (57% female). RESULTS Among female participants, a mediated indirect pathway emerged with family weight-related teasing predicting increased engagement in UWCBs in early adulthood via poorer body image in late adolescence. In contrast, peer teasing did not predict body image or UWCBs. Among boys, the mediated indirect pathways were not significant. However, poor body image in late adolescent males predicted higher likelihood of engaging in UCWBs in early adulthood. DISCUSSION These findings support the long-term impact of family weight-related teasing on greater risk for UWCBs among girls and young women, and poor body image as a mechanism accounting for this relationship. Moreover, the results highlight the poor body image among adolescent boys as a factor for increased risk of engaging in UWCBs in early adulthood. Pending replication in current cohorts, health promotion and prevention involving family members of early adolescents that address family weight teasing and body image are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel F. Rodgers
- APPEAR, Department of Applied Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts,Department of Psychiatric Emergency & Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHRU, Montpellier, France
| | - Melissa Simone
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Debra L. Franko
- APPEAR, Department of Applied Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marla E. Eisenberg
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Katie Loth
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Dianne Neumark-Sztainer
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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23
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Convertino AD, Helm JL, Pennesi JL, Gonzales M, Blashill AJ. Integrating minority stress theory and the tripartite influence model: A model of eating disordered behavior in sexual minority young adults. Appetite 2021; 163:105204. [PMID: 33741450 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Eating disorders are serious mental illnesses associated with high mortality rates and health complications. Prior research has found increased rates of eating pathology in sexual minority (SM; e.g., lesbian, gay, bisexual) individuals compared to sexual majority (i.e., heterosexual) individuals. Two prominent models have potential to explain these differences: the tripartite influence model and minority stress theory. While both models separately have promise for explaining the pathway of eating disordered behavior in SM individuals, research has indicated that both models have unexplained variance. Therefore, a comprehensive, integrative model could further explain unique variance. 479 men and 483 women between 18 and 30 years old were recruited through Qualtrics; all participants endorsed attraction to same-gender partners. Two models were estimated by gender using structural equation modeling. For men and women, community involvement accelerated the positive association of heterosexist discrimination with internalized homophobia. Minority stressors were associated with dissatisfaction and muscularity behavior, indicating the importance of incorporating minority stress. For women, community involvement accelerated both the association of pressures with muscularity internalization and the association of muscularity-based dissatisfaction with muscle building behaviors. If confirmed by prospective studies, this model could help refine prevention and intervention efforts with this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra D Convertino
- San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, 6363 Alvarado Court, Suite 103, San Diego, CA, 92120, United States
| | - Jonathan L Helm
- San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, 6363 Alvarado Court, Suite 103, San Diego, CA, 92120, United States; Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182, United States
| | - Jamie-Lee Pennesi
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182, United States
| | - Manuel Gonzales
- San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, 6363 Alvarado Court, Suite 103, San Diego, CA, 92120, United States
| | - Aaron J Blashill
- San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, 6363 Alvarado Court, Suite 103, San Diego, CA, 92120, United States; Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182, United States.
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24
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Schaefer LM, Rodgers RF, Thompson JK, Griffiths S. A test of the tripartite influence model of disordered eating among men. Body Image 2021; 36:172-179. [PMID: 33307310 PMCID: PMC7987734 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Studies of the Tripartite Influence Model conducted with female samples suggest that thinness-oriented pressures, internalization, and appearance comparisons may be risk factors for disordered eating. However, limited work has investigated this model among men utilizing measures specifically designed to assess both muscularity- and thinness-oriented processes, which characterize male body image concerns. To address this gap, the current study examined the Tripartite Influence Model of disordered eating among men using a battery of such measures. A convenience sample of 265 male undergraduates completed validated, self-report measures of disordered eating, muscularity- and thinness-oriented appearance pressures, internalization, and appearance comparisons. Path analyses supported a slightly modified version of the Tripartite Influence Model, indicating direct and indirect paths from sociocultural pressures to disordered eating via internalization and appearance comparisons. These results provide support for a version of the Tripartite Influence Model among men. Specifically, muscularity- and thinness-oriented pressures appear to be related to disordered eating among college men via indirect pathways involving thin internalization, muscular internalization, and appearance comparisons. Future work is needed, however, to examine whether the model would generalize to muscularity-oriented disordered eating.
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25
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Jarman HK, Marques MD, McLean SA, Slater A, Paxton SJ. Social media, body satisfaction and well-being among adolescents: A mediation model of appearance-ideal internalization and comparison. Body Image 2021; 36:139-148. [PMID: 33285385 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite adolescents' prolific use of social media, relationships between social media and body satisfaction and well-being are not yet well understood, especially among boys. This study tested a sociocultural model of body image within the context of social media among adolescent boys and girls. Specifically, this study examined whether appearance-ideal internalization and social appearance comparisons mediated relationships between social media engagement (intensity and appearance-focused use) and body satisfaction and subjective well-being. Australian adolescents between 11 and 17 years (N = 1,579, Mage = 13.45 years, SD = 1.15; 55.4 % boys) completed an online survey. Structural equational modelling indicated that only higher appearance-focused social media use was directly associated with lower body satisfaction and well-being. Generally, higher appearance-ideal internalization and comparisons mediated the relationships between higher social media engagement and lower body satisfaction and well-being. Multi-group analyses indicated these relationships were equivalent across gender. Findings supported the proposed model among boys and girls and extend existing theoretical knowledge to encompass male body image and well-being. Interventions which target internalization and comparisons in the context of social media are likely to be valuable in improving body satisfaction and subjective well-being in co-educational settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah K Jarman
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Mathew D Marques
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Siân A McLean
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Amy Slater
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | - Susan J Paxton
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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26
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Psychometric properties of measures of sociocultural influence and internalization of appearance ideals across eight countries. Body Image 2020; 35:300-315. [PMID: 33181386 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to examine the psychometric properties of two well-established measures of sociocultural influence and internalization of the thin/low body fat ideal and muscular ideal. Data from 6272 emerging adults (68.9 % female), aged 18-30 years from Australia, Belgium, Canada, China, Italy, Japan, Spain, and the U.S. were included in this study. Participants completed measures of pressure from mother, fathers, peers, and media, to both increase muscles and lose weight, as well as internalization of the thin/low body fat ideal and muscular ideal. Overall, support for partial invariance was found across the scales. In addition, group level differences were found between countries as well as along demographic factors including gender, age, body mass index, and socioeconomic status. These findings make an important contribution by identifying these scales as useful tools that will support future cross-country and cross-cultural examinations of explanatory models of the development of body image and eating concerns grounded within sociocultural theories.
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27
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Walsh JA, Petrie TA, Chatterton J. The frequency of weigh-ins, weight intentionality and management, and eating among male collegiate athletes. Eat Behav 2020; 39:101432. [PMID: 32980591 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2020.101432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sociocultural pressures in male athletics emphasize masculinity in the form of muscularity, leanness, and physical strength. Although research has examined extensively weight, weigh-ins, and weight pressures among female athletes, these issues have been minimally considered with male athletes. Thus, our purpose was to examine the weight environment and practices of NCAA (i.e., Divisions I, II, III) collegiate male athletes from 19 different sports (e.g., basketball, cross country, golf, tennis, wrestling). Specifically, we surveyed 698 male athletes regarding frequency and circumstances of team weigh-ins, weight management behaviors, weight intentions, caloric intake, and guidance received for healthfully managing weight and eating. Overall, relatively few male athletes reported undergoing mandatory team weigh-ins (21.8%). However, within this subgroup required to engage in them, most weigh-ins occurred at least once per week or more (59.2%), and most athletes' weights were made public (75.7%). Just over 30% of the weighed athletes used at least one strategy to prepare for weigh-ins, primarily relying on exercise or caloric restriction. The majority (85.2%) wanted to change their weight, primarily by gaining muscle mass. Most athletes received guidance from qualified sources (e.g., athletic trainer) regarding healthy weight management (63.5%) and nutrition (70.2%). Overall, few male athletes are subjected to mandatory weigh-ins, and such participation is not related to pathological weight control behaviors. Further, male athletes appear to have access to qualified sources for information on healthful management of weight and eating, which may help them as they pursue their goals of increased muscularity and strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Andy Walsh
- University of North Texas, Department of Psychology, 1155 Union Circle, #311280, Denton, TX 76201, USA.
| | - Trent A Petrie
- University of North Texas, Department of Psychology, 1155 Union Circle, #311280, Denton, TX 76201, USA.
| | - Justine Chatterton
- University of North Texas, Department of Psychology, 1155 Union Circle, #311280, Denton, TX 76201, USA
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28
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Yee ZW, Griffiths S, Fuller-Tyszkiewicz M, Blake K, Richardson B, Krug I. The differential impact of viewing fitspiration and thinspiration images on men's body image concerns: An experimental ecological momentary assessment study. Body Image 2020; 35:96-107. [PMID: 32977202 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
To date, little is known about the impact of fitspiration and thinspiration exposure on men, as previous studies on these social media trends were primarily conducted on women. Male participants (n = 223) completed baseline measures of trait body image, then used a smartphone application to complete up to six state-based assessments daily for seven days. In each assessment, participants were randomly assigned to one of three image conditions (fitspiration, thinspiration, or neutral). Before and after viewing each image, they reported state body fat dissatisfaction, muscularity dissatisfaction, negative mood, and urge to engage in behaviours to reduce body fat and increase muscularity. Multi-level analyses revealed that compared to viewing neutral images, viewing fitspiration images increased men's body dissatisfaction, whereas viewing thinspiration images decreased body dissatisfaction. Viewing either fit- or thinspiration images also led to lower mood and greater urges to increase muscularity, whereas only fitspiration images increased urges to reduce body fat. Men with greater baseline muscularity dissatisfaction and higher appearance comparison were most vulnerable to muscularity dissatisfaction after viewing fitspiration images. Findings suggest the importance of limiting exposure to fitspiration imagery and implementing social media literacy programmes for men and well as women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Wei Yee
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Redmond Barry Building, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.
| | - Scott Griffiths
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Redmond Barry Building, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.
| | - Matthew Fuller-Tyszkiewicz
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia; School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia.
| | - Khandis Blake
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Redmond Barry Building, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.
| | - Ben Richardson
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia.
| | - Isabel Krug
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Redmond Barry Building, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.
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White M, Berry R, Rodgers RF. Body image and body change behaviors associated with orthorexia symptoms in males. Body Image 2020; 34:46-50. [PMID: 32460205 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, Orthorexia Nervosa has received increasing attention as a form of restrictive disordered eating driven by concerns related to "healthy eating" as opposed to weight and shape concerns. To date, however, data on the correlates of orthorexia in men are lacking, particularly pertaining to the relationship between orthorexia and muscularity-related dimensions. A sample of 103 (Mage = 19.84) male college students completed an online questionnaire reporting on orthorexia symptoms, eating pathology, drive for muscularity, exercise dependence, and internalization of the thin and athletic ideals. Correlational analyses and linear regression models were used to explore relationships between orthorexia and variables of interest. Findings revealed positive relationships between high levels of orthorexia symptoms and eating pathology, exercise dependence, thin and athletic internalization, and behavioral dimensions of drive for muscularity. The results of this study extend our understanding of the correlates of orthorexia symptoms among young men and highlight their association with other dimensions of eating pathology as well as dysfunctional exercise. In addition, concerns related to healthiness may overlap with muscularity-related concerns, perhaps due to the conflation between health and muscular appearance in social constructions of male body ideals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika White
- Department of Applied Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, United States
| | - Rachel Berry
- Department of Applied Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, United States
| | - Rachel F Rodgers
- Department of Applied Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, United States; Department of Psychiatric Emergency & Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHRU, Montpellier, France.
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Thornborrow T, Onwuegbusi T, Mohamed S, Boothroyd LG, Tovée MJ. Muscles and the Media: A Natural Experiment Across Cultures in Men's Body Image. Front Psychol 2020; 11:495. [PMID: 32308635 PMCID: PMC7145896 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of studies are evidencing relationships between the drive for muscularity and potentially harmful behavioral strategies, such as unhealthy dieting and steroid use amongst men in WEIRD (Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, Democratic) populations. As such Western appearance standards proliferate around the world via the media, men who live in other cultural contexts are also at risk of potentially negative effects from aspiring to the “muscular ideal.” However, few studies have explored these relationships in non-WEIRD populations. We investigated men’s body ideals and body image in two non-WEIRD, non-White populations, Uganda (Africa) and Nicaragua (Central America), and compared them with an ethnically diverse sample of men in the United Kingdom. We also examined whether socio-cultural factors including media and ethnicity, predicted the drive for muscularity and body change behaviors among our participants. Results showed that Ugandan men had the least desire for muscularity relative to men in the United Kingdom. Supporting the Tripartite model we found that media and peer influences significantly predicted the drive for muscularity, particularly among men from White British and Nicaraguan Miskitu ethnic groups. By contrast, Creole / Garifuna and Mestizo men from Nicaragua were more likely to want to increase muscularity relative to Black African men from Uganda. Overall, our findings support previous research in demonstrating that there are cultural differences in the kind of body men desire, and that men from WEIRD and non-WEIRD populations may experience similar pressures to aspire to and attain a muscular body type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey Thornborrow
- School of Psychology, College of Social Science, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom
| | - Tochukwu Onwuegbusi
- School of Psychology, College of Social Science, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie Mohamed
- School of Psychology, College of Social Science, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom
| | | | - Martin J Tovée
- Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Stereotypes of physical attractiveness and social influences: The heritage and vision of Dr. Thomas Cash. Body Image 2019; 31:273-279. [PMID: 30713132 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dr. Thomas Cash conducted seminal work on the beliefs and stereotypes related to attractiveness as well as their impact, and their transmission through cultural and interpersonal processes. This initial work has inspired and given rise to an important body of research significantly increasing our understanding of these processes. Here we review the initial contributions and research directions set up by Dr. Cash, as well as the main findings of the research that has built on his foundations. Specifically, we review findings related to the existence of attractiveness stereotypes and appearance ideals, research examining the social and interpersonal impacts of such stereotypes, and finally the sociocultural transmission of these beliefs. Future directions related to the extension of our understanding to appearance characteristics beyond shape and weight, as well as increased focus on minority identities and their intersection, are proposed.
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Dondzilo L, Rodgers RF, Turnbull G, Bell J. The importance of motivational orientation towards the muscular ideal versus the stigmatised burdensome body in male body dissatisfaction. Body Image 2019; 31:81-87. [PMID: 31476658 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2019.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Internalisation of the muscular ideal is a vulnerability factor for body dissatisfaction in males. It is unclear, however, whether body dissatisfaction results from approach towards the muscular ideal versus fear of the stigmatised burdensome body. The current study sought to address this gap by assessing both approach and avoidance motivation regarding muscular and non-muscular bodies, respectively, and evaluating the unique associations between approach-avoidance tendencies and body dissatisfaction. Eighty-three male undergraduate students completed an implicit measure of approach-avoidance tendencies, the Stimulus Response Compatibility task, and a self-report measure of trait body dissatisfaction. Results revealed that participants were quicker to approach than to avoid muscular bodies; however, there were no differences in approach vs. avoidance tendencies regarding non-muscular bodies. Furthermore, in a multiple regression model comprising motivational bias scores regarding muscular and non-muscular bodies, only an approach bias towards muscular bodies predicted unique variance in body dissatisfaction. These findings are novel in showing an implicit approach motivation towards the muscular ideal in male undergraduates. Furthermore, in this population, motivational orientation towards the muscular ideal, versus the stigmatised burdensome body, seems to be more tightly associated with body dissatisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Dondzilo
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Rachel F Rodgers
- APPEAR, Department of Applied Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, United States; Department of Psychiatric Emergency & Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHRU Montpellier, France
| | - Georgia Turnbull
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jason Bell
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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34
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Whitaker C, Gough B, Fawkner H, Deighton-Smith N. Young men's body dissatisfaction: A qualitative analysis of anonymous online accounts. J Health Psychol 2019; 26:636-649. [PMID: 30819027 DOI: 10.1177/1359105319832352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Associated with numerous adverse health outcomes, body dissatisfaction in young men requires close examination. This study explores online accounts relating to male body image, including young men's personal disclosures within one online newspaper article, and posts responding to this topic. Discursively informed thematic analysis indicated that non-disclosure was considered a problematic social expectation by the young men featured in the article. Also, reader posts variously constructed body dissatisfaction as a symptom of adolescence, a lack of self-care and an incapacity to capitalise on compensatory qualities. Our analysis suggests young men may welcome safe opportunities to critically discuss prevailing body image ideals.
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Hoffmann S, Warschburger P. Prospective relations among internalization of beauty ideals, body image concerns, and body change behaviors: Considering thinness and muscularity. Body Image 2019; 28:159-167. [PMID: 30731427 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Common models propose that the internalization of societal beauty ideals influences disordered eating behaviors and muscularity-oriented behaviors via body image concerns. However, previous studies addressing these pathways have been mainly cross-sectional and primarily included female samples. We investigated these pathways prospectively in male and female adolescents and young adults, examining two pathways: a 'weight/shape pathway,' linking thin-ideal internalization, weight/shape concern, and restrained eating, and a 'muscularity pathway,' linking athletic-ideal internalization, muscularity concern, and muscularity-oriented behavior. Across three time points, 973 participants from the German general population were assessed. Although the hypothesized pathways could not be supported in their complete temporal sequence, several hypothesized pathways occurred across two time points. Among others, weight/shape concern predicted restrained eating and the athletic ideal played a prominent role in the prediction of muscularity-oriented behavior in both genders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Hoffmann
- Department of Psychology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24/25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Petra Warschburger
- Department of Psychology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24/25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
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Puccio F, Fuller-Tyszkiewicz M, Buck K, Krug I. Negative urgency and the dual pathway model of bulimic symptoms: A longitudinal analysis. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2018; 27:34-48. [PMID: 30318838 DOI: 10.1002/erv.2647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study extends the dual pathway model (DPM) of bulimic symptoms by considering the bidirectional effects amongst symptoms of depression, dietary restraint, and bulimia. We also assessed the influence of negative urgency, a personality construct associated with bulimic symptoms, on the DPM. METHOD Participants were 244 females (Mage = 23.77 years) from the general community. Variables pertinent to the DPM as well as negative urgency were assessed at baseline, and symptoms of depression, dietary restraint, and bulimia were reassessed at 1-month follow-up. RESULTS Excellent model fit was obtained once modifications were made to the DPM and the extended model that included negative urgency. Cross-sectional paths replicated the DPM as hypothesized, with the exception that time 1 (T1) body mass index failed to predict T1 body dissatisfaction. Although no bidirectional effects were observed, T1 depression predicted dietary restraint at time 2 (T2). Negative urgency was shown to provide incremental predictive utility of T1 pressure to be thin, T1 body dissatisfaction, and T1 and T2 depression. CONCLUSION Findings lend support to the DPM and suggest that depression might be a risk factor for later dietary restraint. The results are also consistent with the notion that negative urgency may be an independent risk factor for symptoms of bulimia. However, short-term longitudinal effects of these putative risk factors require further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Puccio
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew Fuller-Tyszkiewicz
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,Center for Social and Early Emotional Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kimberly Buck
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Advance Care Planning Australia, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Isabel Krug
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Girard M, Rodgers RF, Chabrol H. Prospective predictors of body dissatisfaction, drive for thinness, and muscularity concerns among young women in France: A sociocultural model. Body Image 2018; 26:103-110. [PMID: 30041070 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore a prospective sociocultural model of the influence of media, peers, and partners on body dissatisfaction, drive for thinness, and muscularity concerns in a sample of young women in France. A sample of 192 undergraduate women with a mean age of 20.97 years (SD = 2.69) completed a questionnaire at two time-points, 12 months apart, assessing media and interpersonal influences, appearance comparison, body dissatisfaction, drive for thinness, and muscularity concerns. The final model highlighted that media and interpersonal influences (from peers and romantic partners) were associated over time with increased body dissatisfaction, drive for thinness, and muscularity concerns one year later, via appearance comparison. Sociocultural influences towards both thinness and muscularity may contribute to increases in body image concerns and risky body change behaviors in young women in France.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilou Girard
- Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches en Psychopathologie et Psychologie de la Santé, Université Toulouse Jean-Jaurès, Toulouse, France.
| | - Rachel F Rodgers
- Department of Applied Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston MA, 02115, USA; Department of Psychiatric Emergency & Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHRU Montpellier, France
| | - Henri Chabrol
- Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches en Psychopathologie et Psychologie de la Santé, Université Toulouse Jean-Jaurès, Toulouse, France
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