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Mohanta UK, Abdullah SM, Al-Wasef, Chikufenji B, Ma Z, Li H, El-Sayed SAES, Amer MM, Do TT, Islam S, Nath TC, Li Y, Umemiya-Shirafuji R, Guo Q, Xuan X. First molecular survey of tick-borne protozoan and bacterial pathogens in the questing tick population in Bangladesh. Acta Trop 2024; 256:107244. [PMID: 38762942 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Questing ticks carry various tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) that are responsible for causing tick-borne diseases (TBDs) in humans and animals around the globe, especially in the tropics and sub-tropics. Information on the distribution of ticks and TBPs in a specific geography is crucial for the formulation of mitigation measures against TBDs. Therefore, this study aimed to survey the TBPs in the questing tick population in Bangladesh. A total of 2748 questing hard ticks were collected from the pastures in Sylhet, Bandarban, Sirajganj, Dhaka, and Mymensingh districts through the flagging method. After morphological identification, the ticks were grouped into 142 pools based on their species, sexes, life stages, and collection sites. The genomic DNA extracted from tick specimens was screened for 14 pathogens, namely Babesia bigemina (AMA-1), Babesia bovis (RAP-1), Babesia naoakii (AMA-1), Babesia ovis (18S rRNA), Theileria luwenshuni (18S rRNA), Theileria annulata (Tams-1), Theileria orientalis (MPSP), Anaplasma marginale (groEL), Anaplasma phagocytophilum (16S rRNA), Anaplasma bovis (16S rRNA), Anaplasma platys (16S rRNA), Ehrlichia spp. (16S rRNA), Rickettsia spp. (gltA), and Borrelia (Bo.) spp. (flagellin B) using genus and species-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. The prevalence of the detected pathogens was calculated using the maximum likelihood method (MLE) with 95 % confidence interval (CI). Among 2748 ixodid ticks, 2332 (84.86 %) and 416 (15.14 %) were identified as Haemaphysalis bispinosa and Rhipicephalus microplus, respectively. Haemaphysalis bispinosa was found to carry all the seven detected pathogens, while larvae of R. microplus were found to carry only Bo. theileri. Among the TBPs, the highest detection rate was observed in A. bovis (20/142 pools, 0.81 %, CI: 0.51-1.20), followed by T. orientalis (19/142 pools, 0.72 %, CI: 0.44-1.09), T. luwenshuni (9/142 pools, 0.34 %, CI: 0.16-0.62), B. ovis (4/142 pools, 0.15 %, CI: 0.05 - 0.34) and Bo. theileri (4/142 pools, 0.15 %, CI: 0.05-0.34), Ehrlichia ewingii (3/142 pools, 0.11 %, CI: 0.03-0.29), and Babesia bigemina (1/142, 0.04 %, CI: 0.00 - 0.16). This study reports the existence of T. luwenshuni, E. ewingii, and Bo. theileri in Bangladesh for the first time. The novel findings of this study are the foremost documentation of transovarian transmission of B. bigemina and E. ewingii in H. bispinosa and also provide primary molecular evidence on the presence of E. ewingii and Bo. theileri in H. bispinosa. Therefore, this study may shed light on the circulating TBPs in ticks in the natural environment and thereby advocate awareness among physicians and veterinarians to control and prevent TBDs in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uday Kumar Mohanta
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080‒8555, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Sher‒e‒Bangla Agricultural University, Sher‒e‒Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - S M Abdullah
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Sher‒e‒Bangla Agricultural University, Sher‒e‒Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Al-Wasef
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Sher‒e‒Bangla Agricultural University, Sher‒e‒Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Boniface Chikufenji
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080‒8555, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Zhuowei Ma
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080‒8555, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hang Li
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080‒8555, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shimaa Abd El-Salam El-Sayed
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080‒8555, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Moaz M Amer
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080‒8555, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Thanh Thom Do
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080‒8555, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Saiful Islam
- Department of Parasitology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Tilagor, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Tilak Chandra Nath
- Department of Parasitology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Tilagor, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Yongchang Li
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080‒8555, Hokkaido, Japan; Laboratory of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Rika Umemiya-Shirafuji
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080‒8555, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Qingyong Guo
- Laboratory of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Xuenan Xuan
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080‒8555, Hokkaido, Japan.
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Cui H, Shen S, Chen L, Fan Z, Wen Q, Xing Y, Wang Z, Zhang J, Chen J, La B, Fang Y, Yang Z, Yang S, Yan X, Pei S, Li T, Cui X, Jia Z, Cao W. Global epidemiology of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus in human and animals: a systematic review and meta-analysis. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. WESTERN PACIFIC 2024; 48:101133. [PMID: 39040038 PMCID: PMC11261768 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2024.101133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Background Since the initial identification of the Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome (SFTS) in ticks in rural areas of China in 2009, the virus has been increasingly isolated from a diverse array of hosts globally, exhibiting a rising trend in incidence. This study aims to conduct a systematic analysis of the temporal and spatial distribution of SFTS cases, alongside an examination of the infection rates across various hosts, with the objective of addressing public concerns regarding the spread and impact of the disease. Methods In this systematic review and meta-analysis, an exhaustive search was conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Medline, CNKI, WanFang, and CQVIP. The literature search was confined to publications released between January 1, 2009, and May 29, 2023. The study focused on collating data pertaining to animal infections under natural conditions and human infection cases reported. Additionally, species names were unified using the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database. The notification rate, notification death rate, case fatality rate, and infection rates (or MIR) were assessed for each study with available data. The proportions were pooled using a generalized linear mixed-effects model (GLMM). Meta-regressions were conducted for subgroup analysis. This research has been duly registered with PROSPERO, bearing the registration number CRD42023431010. Findings We identified 5492 studies from database searches and assessed 238 full-text studies for eligibility, of which 234 studies were included in the meta-analysis. For human infection data, the overall pooled notification rate was 18.93 (95% CI 17.02-21.05) per ten million people, the overall pooled notification deaths rate was 3.49 (95% CI 2.97-4.10) per ten million people, and the overall pooled case fatality rate was 7.80% (95% CI 7.01%-8.69%). There was an increasing trend in notification rate and deaths rate, while the case fatality rate showed a significant decrease globally. Regarding animal infection data, among 94 species tested, 48 species were found to carry positive nucleic acid or antibodies. Out of these, 14 species were classified under Arthropoda, while 34 species fell under Chordata, comprising 27 Mammalia and 7 Aves. Interpretation This systematic review and meta-analysis present the latest global report on SFTS. In terms of human infections, notification rates and notification deaths rates are on the rise, while the case fatality rate has significantly decreased. More SFTSV animal hosts have been discovered than before, particularly among birds, indicating a potentially broader transmission range for SFTSV. These findings provide crucial insights for the prevention and control of SFTS on a global scale. Funding None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoliang Cui
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shijing Shen
- Institute of EcoHealth, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lin Chen
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhiyu Fan
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qian Wen
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yiwen Xing
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zekun Wang
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jianyi Zhang
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jingyuan Chen
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Bin La
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yujie Fang
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zeping Yang
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shuhan Yang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiangyu Yan
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Medical School, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shaojun Pei
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Tao Li
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoming Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongwei Jia
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Center for Intelligent Public Health, Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Center for Drug Abuse Control and Prevention, National Institute of Health Data Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking University Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Wuchun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
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Nasirian H. Hard Tick Species Parasitism Levels in Domestic Ruminants with Their Distribution and Role as Vectors: A Detailed Global Meta-analysis and Systematic Review. Acta Parasitol 2024; 69:1-105. [PMID: 37987883 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-023-00724-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This comprehensive global meta-analysis reviews the parasitism levels of tick genera and species, life stages, seasonality, attachment sites, the global mean ranks of tick species parasitism rates and records, and their distribution and role as vectors. METHODS From the 418 papers identified, 390 papers were selected to become part of the study. RESULTS The genera recorded as infesting domestic ruminants were Rhipicephalus (42 species), Haemaphysalis (32 species), Hyalomma (19 species), Amblyomma (18 species), Ixodes (10 species), Dermacentor (8 species), Margaropus and Nosomma (1 species). Globally, domestic ruminants are more infested by adult females and males than by the nymphal and larval stages of the tick species. The global tick species parasitism levels at the attachment sites of domestic ruminants were, in order, tail and anal region, neck and dewlap, scrotum or udder, ear region, thigh and abdomen, and dorsal surface. CONCLUSIONS Among 131 species of eight genera of hard ticks recorded infesting domestic ruminants, 42 species had mean ranks of tick species parasitism rates up to 10%, and 37 species had mean ranks of tick species parasitism up to 10 records. Briefly, the higher the indexes of tick species parasitism rates and records, the more important their role as vectors. In addition, the majority of them are found among tick species-infested humans with nearly high ranks of tick species parasitism rates and records that double their medical, veterinary, and zoonotic importance to be the most common vectors and reservoirs of bacterial, protozoan, and viral pathogenic microorganisms, causing severe infectious diseases, and as a result, can be more dangerous to humans and domestic ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Nasirian
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
- Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
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Nyema J, Nath TC, Bhuiyan MJU, Islam S, Islam KM, Basir S, Dey N, Bhattacharjee T, Lee D. Morpho-molecular investigation of ectoparasitic infestation of companion animals in Sylhet city, Bangladesh. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2024; 47:100953. [PMID: 38199696 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2023.100953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Ticks (Ixodida) and Fleas (Siphonaptera) are considered among the most important arthropod of public health concern due to their ability to transmit vector-borne pathogens to humans. By sharing a common environment, vector-borne diseases constituted major setbacks to the development of a pet population in Bangladesh. This study aimed to determine companion animal-associated ticks and fleas based on morpho-molecular approaches. Between December 2021 and May 2022, 74 animals (62 cats and 12 dogs) were examined, of which 17 (27.4%) cats and 9 (75.0%) dogs had ectoparasitic infestations, with 35.1% overall prevalence. Morphometrical examination showed the ectoparasites in these animals were Ctenocephalides spp. (flea) and Riphicephalus spp. (tick). Genetic analysis using the mitochondrial markers i.e. Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) revealed the presence of two flea species i.e., Ctenocephalides canis, Ctenocephalides felis, and one tick species Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Interviews of animal owners indicate that 35.14% of them had no concern about ectoparasitic infestation or ectoparasites-borne diseases. Our results indicated that fleas and ticks were the most common ectoparasites in companion animals of this area. The zoonotic nature of some ectoparasites can be regarded as a public health alert. The findings will assist epidemiologists and policymakers in offering customized guidance for upcoming monitoring and preventive tactics in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannatul Nyema
- Department of Parasitology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Tilak Chandra Nath
- Department of Parasitology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh; Parasite Resource Bank, Bangladesh.
| | | | - Saiful Islam
- Department of Parasitology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Kazi Mehetazul Islam
- Department of Parasitology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | | | - Nilotpal Dey
- Department of Parasitology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
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Mohanta UK, Chikufenji B, Galon EM, Ji S, Ma Z, El-Sayed SAES, Amer MM, Do TT, Xuan X. Molecular characterization and phylogeny of Anaplasma marginale, A. phagocytophilum and A. bovis in livestock of Bangladesh. Parasitol Int 2023; 97:102790. [PMID: 37544642 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2023.102790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of Tick-borne Anaplasma spp. poses a significant threat to humans and animals worldwide. Traditional surveys based on examining blood smears overlook the existence of emerging pathogens. This study aimed to screen Anaplasma spp. in livestock species from diverse geographies with molecular tools. We collected 276 blood samples from cattle (Bos indicus), gayals (Bos frontalis) and goats (Capra hircus) in Jhenaidah, Bogura, Sirajganj and Bandarban districts, and Naikhongchari sub-district from June 2021 to March 2022. After that, a molecular screening was conducted through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing was done to confirm the PCR results. The PCR assays were performed based on the analyses of groEL (Anaplasma marginale) and 16S rRNA (A. phagocytophilum and A. bovis). The Anaplasma spp. detected in this study were A. marginale (10.51%), A. phagocytophilum (0.72%), and A. bovis (63.77%). However, A. platys was not detected in this study. Among the screened pathogens, the detection of A. bovis (82.86%) was significantly high in the Bandarban district, while A. marginale was found only in cattle in this location. Regarding animal species, the occurrence of A. bovis was significantly higher in cattle. Moreover, the detection rate of A. marginale was significantly higher in adult cattle (≥2 years). The phylogenetic analyses revealed that the groEL sequences of A. marginale and 16S rRNA sequences of A. bovis and A. phagocytophilum were included in a single clade in the respective phylograms, showing a single genotype of each species circulating in Bangladesh. This study reports the existence of A. phagocytophilum in Bangladesh for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uday Kumar Mohanta
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Boniface Chikufenji
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Eloiza May Galon
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shengwei Ji
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Zhuowei Ma
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shimaa Abd El-Salam El-Sayed
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Moaz M Amer
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Thanh Thom Do
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Xuenan Xuan
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan.
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Mohanta UK, Chikufenji B, Galon EM, Ji S, Ma Z, El-Sayed SAES, Ringo AE, Do TT, Xuan X. Molecular Detection and Phylogenetic Analyses of Babesia spp. and Theileria spp. in Livestock in Bangladesh. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1563. [PMID: 37375065 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Piroplasmosis, caused by Babesia spp. and Theileria spp., poses significant constraints for livestock production and upgradation in Bangladesh. Besides examining blood smears, few molecular reports are available from some selected areas in the country. Therefore, the actual scenario of piroplasmosis in Bangladesh is deficient. This study aimed to screen the piroplasms in different livestock species by molecular tools. A total of 276 blood samples were collected from cattle (Bos indicus), gayals (Bos frontalis) and goats (Capra hircus) in five geographies of Bangladesh. After that, screening was conducted through a polymerase chain reaction, and species were confirmed by sequencing. The prevalence of Babesia bigemina, B. bovis, B. naoakii, B. ovis, Theileria annulata and T. orientalis was 49.28%, 0.72%, 1.09%, 32.26%, 6.52% and 46.01%, respectively. The highest prevalence (79/109; 72.48%) of co-infections was observed with B. bigemina and T. orientalis. The phylogenetic analyses revealed that the sequences of B. bigemina (BbigRAP-1a), B. bovis (BboSBP-4), B. naoakii (AMA-1), B. ovis (ssu rRNA) and T. annulata (Tams-1) were included in one clade in the respective phylograms. In contrast, T. orientalis (MPSP) sequences were separated into two clades, corresponding to Types 5 and 7. To our knowledge, this is the first molecular report on piroplasms in gayals and goats in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uday Kumar Mohanta
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Boniface Chikufenji
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Eloiza May Galon
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shengwei Ji
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Zhuowei Ma
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shimaa Abd El-Salam El-Sayed
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Aaron Edmond Ringo
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Thanh Thom Do
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Xuenan Xuan
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan
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Kamal AHM, Dell CA, Kang T. Recognizing Zooeyia to Promote Companion Animal Welfare in Urban Bangladesh. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13091523. [PMID: 37174560 PMCID: PMC10177534 DOI: 10.3390/ani13091523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The One Health concept of zooeyia refers to the benefits of companion animals in human health and is gaining global research attention. This exploratory study aimed to understand contemporary experiences and perceptions of the social benefits and challenges of living with a companion animal in urban Bangladesh. Thirty-five qualitative interviews were conducted with companion animal owners (20), animal sellers (10), and livestock service department officers (5) from two major cities in Bangladesh, Dhaka and Khulna. Thematic analysis found that historically, animals had a utilitarian purpose, such as livestock for food and dogs for security. The role and perceptions of companion animals began to change for some around the turn of the century. Today, companion animal caretakers report social, psychological and physical health benefits from integrating companion animals into their lives. They also report that companion animal ownership can contribute to social problems due to the prevailing stigma against companion animals. This is rooted in the continued utilitarian role attached to companion animals by the majority of the Bangladesh population as well as religious-based non-acceptance. As a result, the Animal Welfare Act (2019) is not well implemented, posing a key concern for companion animal welfare. To tackle this, we propose various ways in which the emerging concept of zooeyia can help promote the welfare of companion animals by challenging the stigma associated with them in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu-Hena Mostofa Kamal
- Department of Sociology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A2, Canada
- Department of Humanities, Khulna University of Engineering and Technology (KUET), Khulna 9203, Bangladesh
| | - Colleen Anne Dell
- Department of Sociology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A2, Canada
| | - Timothy Kang
- Department of Sociology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A2, Canada
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Hossain MJ, Raut S, Singh RP, Mishra P, Hossain MS, Dey AR, Kabir A, Anisuzzaman, Talukder MH, Shahiduzzaman M. Molecular detection of Babesia and Theileria from crossbred cattle in Sirajganj and Rangpur districts of Bangladesh. Vet Med Sci 2023; 9:899-906. [PMID: 36331989 PMCID: PMC10029904 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Babesia and Theileria are potential threats to the livestock industry, causing considerable economic losses. These tick-borne blood parasites are more prevalent in crossbred cattle than local cattle in Bangladesh. OBJECTIVES To confirm the species of Babesia and Theileria in crossbred cattle from the northern part of Bangladesh using conventional and molecular tools. METHODS A total of 385 crossbred cattle blood samples were subjected to DNA extraction and PCR. For molecular detection, B. bigemina rhoptry-associated protein 1a, B. bovis spherical body protein-4, and Theileria spp. 18S rRNA were used as the marker genes. RESULTS Using PCR, only 72 (18.7%) samples were found piroplasm positive, of which 12.2% Theileria, 4.7% Babesia, and 1.8% mixed infections. Both Babesia (7.3%), Theileria (7.7%) and mixed (2.8%) infections were detected in Sirajganj, and only Theileria (20.4%) was detected in Rangpur district. By PCR and nPCR we detected B. bigemina and T. annulata in Sirajganj district, and Theileria sp. in Rangpur district. The target gene sequences of isolated pathogens confirmed B. bigemina and T. annulata, and Theileria sp from these samples. Blood smears of all samples were also examined microscopically for Babesia and/or Theileria spp. and 14.3% of samples were found positive, of which 5.9% Babesia and 8.3% Theileria. Generally, the pathogens detected in Sirajgang and Rangpur were genetically related to South Asia, particularly South East Asian isolates. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide information for a better understanding of the epidemiology of Babesia and Theileria as well as to improve the approaches for diagnosis and control of tick-borne diseases in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Jakir Hossain
- Department of Parasitology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Sanjana Raut
- Department of Parasitology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Rahul Pratap Singh
- Department of Parasitology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Pravin Mishra
- Department of Parasitology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shahadat Hossain
- Department of Parasitology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Anita Rani Dey
- Department of Parasitology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Ajran Kabir
- Department of Microbiology & Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Anisuzzaman
- Department of Parasitology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | | | - Md Shahiduzzaman
- Department of Parasitology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
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Hamid PH, Cahyadi M, Wardhana AH, Sawitri DH, Setya NNR, Insyariati T, Kurnianto H, Hermosilla CR. First Autochthonous Report on Cattle Babesia naoakii in Central Java, Indonesia, and Identification of Haemaphysalis bispinosa Ticks in the Investigated Area. Pathogens 2022; 12:pathogens12010059. [PMID: 36678407 PMCID: PMC9864747 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In tropical countries, clinical bovine babesiosis is a tick-borne disease primarily caused by Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina. Here, we investigated 11 cattle with presumptive diagnosis of clinical babesiosis in Boyolali district, Central Java, Indonesia. The majority of the animals were anemic, as evidenced by lower hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration, and red blood cell counts than the normal ranges. Blood DNA was analyzed by a PCR assay targeting the 18S rRNA-ITS region of babesial origin, and the results confirmed that the cattle were infected with Babesia species. The sequencing and phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that the animals were infected with Babesia naoakii. This is the first report of B. naoakii in Indonesia and of B. naoakii-induced clinical bovine babesiosis outside of Sri Lanka. B. naoakii causes a persistent infection, as indicated by positive PCR results for serial blood samples of the circulatory system taken two weeks after treatment. Consequently, subclinical or newly recovered cattle may serve as potential intermediate hosts and infect ticks as definitive hosts to complete the life cycle. To identify potential tick vectors, we collected ticks from cattle, including 11 animals with clinical babesiosis. Based on the morphology and the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COX1) of collected ticks, we found that all of the collected ticks were Haemaphysalis bispinosa, identifying this tick species as a potential vector of B. naoakii in Indonesia. In this study, the evaluation of local farmers' awareness and practices regarding tick-borne diseases is presented, as disease prevention is also reliant on the implementation of strategies for vector control. Since livestock activities in Java represent the country's busiest animal trade, thereby the spread of disease to other regions is possible through anthropogenic factors. In conclusion, B. naoakii is a causative pathogen of clinical bovine babesiosis autochthonously occurred in this report and further research on B. naoakii-infection is required in other regions of the country. The prompt treatment of the disease seemed crucial for animal survival, which implies the necessity of early diagnosis and a sensitive detection method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penny Humaidah Hamid
- Department of Animal Science, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia
- Correspondence:
| | - Muhammad Cahyadi
- Department of Animal Science, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia
| | - April Hari Wardhana
- Research Center for Veterinary Science, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor 16114, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Titis Insyariati
- Department of Animal Science, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia
| | - Heri Kurnianto
- Research Center for Veterinary Science, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor 16114, Indonesia
| | - Carlos R. Hermosilla
- Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35390 Giessen, Germany
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10
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Iqbal Z, Kayani AR, Akhter A, Qayyum M. Prevalence and Distribution of Hard Ticks and Their Associated Risk Factors in Sheep and Goats from Four Agro-Climatic Zones of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11759. [PMID: 36142032 PMCID: PMC9517282 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Hard ticks are blood-sucking ectoparasites infesting all types of domestic ruminants throughout the world and serve as vectors in the dissemination of a wide variety of pathogens. Sheep and goat farming is a vital economic source for resource-poor farming communities in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) province of Pakistan. Aim: The aim of present study is to study the epidemiological profile of ticks in various agro-climatic zones of KPK. Materials and Methods: A total of 1500 (882 sheep and 618 goats) of all age groups and sexes were examined for the presence of ticks belonging to six districts in four agro-climatic zones of KPK province, Pakistan. Non-probability sampling was undertaken based on animal hosts' selection, collection of hard ticks, and epidemiological parameters. Ticks collected from sheep and goats were identified phenotypically using standard keys. Results: The results revealed that Rhipicephalus microplus (36.2%) was the predominant tick species followed by Hyalomma anatolicum (25.2%), Hyalomma trancatum (18.1%), Hyalomma aegyptium (11.3%), Hyalomma asiaticum (6.9%), and Haemephysalis bispinosa (2.4%). Different epidemiological parameters showed that weather, humidity, and host age negatively affect (p < 0.05) tick load while temperatures (Minimum and Maximum), sunshine (hrs), and precipitation positively affected (p < 0.05) tick load. Host sex only showed a positive association with tick load (p > 0.05). The highest value of tick diversity index (H) 0.36748 was noted for Hyalomma anatolicum as this tick species was commonly distributed in three agro-climatic zones except in the Suleiman Piedmont zone, while Haemaphysalis bispinosa has the lowest diversity index (0.0334) as it was only found in the Central Valley Plains zone of KPK. The Shannon diversity index of tick diversity was highest at Barikot while the lowest index value was at Kabal (2.407). Similarly, a higher Simpson's diversity index was at Barikot (0.9554) and the lowest hard index was noted at Takht bai (2.874). The dominance index showed that the tick species were more dominant at Takht bai (0.1251), while the lowest dominance was at Barikot (0.04465). Conclusions: It has been concluded that tick diversity and distribution, abundance, reproduction, development, and survival depend on prevailing climatic conditions. The present study would not only help to identify the tick species but also facilitate in devising effective control measures to minimize the transmission pathogens in sheep and goats being reared in the various agro-climatic zones of KPK province, Pakistan.
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11
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Qi Y, Ai L, Zhu C, Lu Y, Lv R, Mao Y, Lu N, Tan W. Co-existence of Multiple Anaplasma Species and Variants in Ticks Feeding on Hedgehogs or Cattle Poses Potential Threats of Anaplasmosis to Humans and Livestock in Eastern China. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:913650. [PMID: 35756069 PMCID: PMC9226643 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.913650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anaplasma spp., causative agents of anaplasmosis, pose significant a threat to public health and economic losses in livestock farming. Co-infections/co-existence of various Anaplasma spp. may facilitate pathogen interactions and the emergence of novel variants, represent potential dangers to public health and economic losses from livestock farming, and raise challenges of detection and diagnosis. The information regarding co-infection/co-existence of Anaplasma in their vector ticks and wild animals is limited and needs urgent investigation. Methods Wild hedgehogs and ticks from hedgehogs and cattle were collected from Jiangsu province, Eastern China, and DNA was extracted from hedgehog organs and tick homogenates. Various genera of species-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or nested PCR amplifications targeting 16S ribosomal RNA (rrs), msp4, or groEL gene coupled with sequencing were conducted to identify Anaplasma spp. Results Anaplasma phagocytophilum (1, 0.6%), A. marginale (2, 1.2%), A. platys variants xyn10pt-1 (13, 7.7%), xyn21pt-2 (3, 1.8%), and xyn3pt-3 (3, 1.8%), A. bovis variant cwp72bo-1 (12, 7.1%), and a novel Candidatus Cryptoplasma sp. (1, 0.6%) were identified in 168 Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks from cattle. A. platys variant xyn10pt-1 (20, 11.4%) and A. bovis variants cwp72bo-1 (12, 6.9%) and cwp55-36bo-2 (1, 0.6%) were detected in 173 H. flava ticks from hedgehogs. However, only A. bovis variant cwp72bo-1 (15, 46.7%) was identified in 32 Erinaceus amurensis hedgehogs. Various co-existence combinations were found only in ticks. Conclusion The co-existence of various Anaplasma spp. and variants in H. flava and H. longicornis was detected for the first time in the world. The high infection rate of A. bovis in hedgehogs and its moderate infection rate in their parasitic ticks suggest that Er. amurensis hedgehog could be an important reservoir of A. bovis, rather than A. platys. Horizontal transmission of Anaplasma spp. may exist among different tick species via their shared hosts in the investigated area. This study provided epidemiological data that could be crucial for strategy development for early warning, prevention, and control of potential Anaplasma infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Qi
- Huadong Research Institute for Medicine and Biotechniques, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Bioengineering (Gene) Technology Center for Medicines, Nanjing, China
| | - Lele Ai
- Huadong Research Institute for Medicine and Biotechniques, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Bioengineering (Gene) Technology Center for Medicines, Nanjing, China
| | - Changqiang Zhu
- Huadong Research Institute for Medicine and Biotechniques, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Bioengineering (Gene) Technology Center for Medicines, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongfeng Lu
- Administration for Drug and Instrument Supervision and Inspection of PLAJLSF, Beijing, China
| | - Ruichen Lv
- Huadong Research Institute for Medicine and Biotechniques, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Bioengineering (Gene) Technology Center for Medicines, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingqing Mao
- Huadong Research Institute for Medicine and Biotechniques, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Bioengineering (Gene) Technology Center for Medicines, Nanjing, China
| | - Nianhong Lu
- Huadong Research Institute for Medicine and Biotechniques, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Bioengineering (Gene) Technology Center for Medicines, Nanjing, China
| | - Weilong Tan
- Huadong Research Institute for Medicine and Biotechniques, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Bioengineering (Gene) Technology Center for Medicines, Nanjing, China
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12
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Islam S, Al-Amin HM, Sazed SA, Islam KM, Bhuiyan MJU, Nath TC, Alam MS. Faunal diversity of ticks in animals and environment in eastern Bangladesh. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2022; 31:100736. [PMID: 35569911 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2022.100736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tick and tick-borne diseases cause significant impediments to livestock health and production; however, information on the tick fauna is significantly limited in Bangladesh. This study was aimed to investigate tick fauna in Sylhet sub-district of Bangladesh targeting animal hosts and environment. A total 1427 ticks were collected by using blunt forceps, hand picking and dragging techniques from host body and environment during October 2018 to March 2019. Identification was made using morpho-taxonomical keys. Eight species from three separate genera of tick, namely Rhipicephalus(≈Boophilus) microplus, Rhipicephalus decoloratus, R. annulatus, R. sanguineus, Haemaphysalis intermedia, H. bispinosa, H. leachi, and Amblyomma variegatum were identified. Rhipicephalus spp. was dominant in the hosts whereas, Haemaphysalis spp. was the most prevalent in the environment. This study for the first-time enlisted ticks in two different ecological settings in Sylhet, Bangladesh. Further investigations should be made to evaluate the burden and control the associated socio-economic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saiful Islam
- Department of Parasitology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh; Parasite Resource Bank, Bangladesh
| | - Hasan Mohammad Al-Amin
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute (QIMR Berghofer), Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Saiful Arefeen Sazed
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Kazi Mehetazul Islam
- Department of Parasitology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | | | - Tilak Chandra Nath
- Department of Parasitology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh; Parasite Resource Bank, Bangladesh.
| | - Mohammad Shafiul Alam
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
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13
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Detailed new insights about tick infestations in domestic ruminant groups: a global systematic review and meta-analysis. J Parasit Dis 2022; 46:526-601. [DOI: 10.1007/s12639-021-01460-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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14
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Lu M, Tian J, Pan X, Qin X, Wang W, Chen J, Guo W, Li K. Identification of Rickettsia spp., Anaplasma spp., and an Ehrlichia canis-like agent in Rhipicephalus microplus from Southwest and South-Central China. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2021; 13:101884. [PMID: 34894523 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2021.101884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Rhipicephalus microplus is considered to be the most important tick infesting cattle, buffalo, horse, goats as well as other animals. They transmit diseases between domestic animals and act as vectors of a variety of zoonotic pathogens. Although pathogens harbored by R. microplus have been extensively studied, the Rickettsiales pathogens vectored by R. microplus in some areas of China remained largely unexplored. From August to October 2020, a total of 291 R. microplus ticks were collected from goats and cattle in three Southern China provinces, Guangxi (n = 138), Sichuan (n = 120) and Hubei (n = 33) provinces. Phylogenetic analysis based on COI gene sequences shows that these ticks are divided into three distinct clades, indicating the remarkable genetic diversity of R. microplus ticks in China. These samples were subsequently screened for the presence of Rickettsia, Anaplasma and Ehrlichia using conventional PCR and sequencing. Subsequently, five bacterial species were identified. Out of the 120 tick DNA samples from Sichuan province, 35.83% (43/120) were positive for Rickettsia sp. belonging to spotted fever group (SFG), 12.50% (15/120) were positive for Anaplasma marginale and 0.83% (1/120) was identified as A. platys. From the 138 DNA samples from Guangxi province, an Ehrlichia canis-like and Rickettsia sp. were detected, with a positive rate of 11.59% (16/138) and 2.17% (3/138), respectively. A. capra DNA was detected in 4 out of 33 (12.12%) samples from Hubei province. Notably, the 16S, gltA and groEL sequences of the E. canis-like are closely related to the E. canis strain previously identified from China, and form a distinct cluster in the phylogenetic trees. Collectively, our results expand the knowledge on tick-borne Rickettsiales pathogens in China. Because the state of engorgement of ticks was not recorded, it is not clear at this stage whether these pathogens are infecting the ticks or are simply present in the blood meal. Given the public health significance of SFG Rickettsia, A. capra, A. platys and E. canis, a thorough investigation of the diversity and presence of pathogens in R. microplus in areas with tick-associated diseases are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Lu
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 102206 Changping District, Beijing, China
| | - Junhua Tian
- Wuhan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 430024 Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xingliang Pan
- Beijing General Station of Animal Husbandry, No.15, Beiyuan Road, 100107 Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Xincheng Qin
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 102206 Changping District, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Wang
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 102206 Changping District, Beijing, China
| | - Jintao Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, 430071 Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wenping Guo
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, Hebei, China
| | - Kun Li
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 102206 Changping District, Beijing, China.
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Rooman M, Assad Y, Tabassum S, Sultan S, Ayaz S, Khan MF, Khan SN, Ali R. A cross-sectional survey of hard ticks and molecular characterization of Rhipicephalus microplus parasitizing domestic animals of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255138. [PMID: 34351948 PMCID: PMC8341592 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In tropical and subtropical countries, tick infestation causes major public health problems and considerable financial losses to the livestock industry. This study was aimed to assess the species composition of richness and analyze the phylogeny of Rhipicephalus microplus in the District Bannu of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. METHODS Collected ticks were identified morphologically and DNA extracted from R. microplus was amplified and subjected to sequencing. RESULTS A total of 3,600 animals were examined among them 1,494 animals were found to be infested with ticks, including 669 cows, 476 buffaloes, 163 goats, and 186 sheep (p = 0.001). Tick infestation was significantly high (43.58%) in animals of age group (<1 year) (p-value = 0.027). Female animals were more (44.05%) infested with ticks than males (34.43%) (p = 0.001). The intensity of infestation was significantly higher in summer (77.49%) (p = 0.001). A total of 5,557 ticks were collected comprising three genera and six species. R. microplus was predominantly prevalent (n = 1,474; 26.52%), followed by Rhipicephalus annulatus (n = 1,215; 21.86%), Hyalomma anatolicum (n = 1,139; 20.49%), Hyalomma marginatum (n = 1,086; 19.54%), and Rhipicephalus turanicus (n = 761; 13.69%), while the least common was Haemaphysalis aciculifer (n = 80; 1.43%) (p = 0.001). Morphologically identified R. microplus species were also analyzed genetically by using two genetic markers 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) and internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) genes. The phylogenetic study revealed that R. microplus is genetically diversified and clustered in clade B with R. microplus species from China, India, and Pakistan. CONCLUSION Ticks infestation was significantly correlated with various factors including age, sex, season, and animal type. R. microplus genetically resembled species reported from India and China. However, major knowledge gaps concerning various species of ticks exist and many areas are still unexplored in Pakistan. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the epidemiological and molecular aspects of various tick species in other regions of southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Rooman
- Department of Zoology, Hazara University Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Assad
- Department of Zoology, Hazara University Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Tabassum
- Department of Zoology, Hazara University Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Samia Sultan
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Garden Campus Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Sultan Ayaz
- College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Abdul Wali Khan University Garden Campus Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Fiaz Khan
- Department of Zoology, Hazara University Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Niaz Khan
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Rehman Ali
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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Tan LP, Hamdan RH, Hassan BNH, Reduan MFH, Okene IAA, Loong SK, Khoo JJ, Samsuddin AS, Lee SH. Rhipicephalus Tick: A Contextual Review for Southeast Asia. Pathogens 2021; 10:821. [PMID: 34208961 PMCID: PMC8308476 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10070821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhipicephalus species are distributed globally with a notifiable presence in Southeast Asia (SEA) within animal and human populations. The Rhipicephalus species are highly adaptive and have established successful coexistence within human dwellings and are known to be active all year round, predominantly in tropical and subtropical climates existing in SEA. In this review, the morphological characteristics, epidemiology, and epizootiology of Rhipicephalus tick species found in SEA are reviewed. There are six commonly reported Rhipicephalus ticks in the SEA region. Their interactions with their host species that range from cattle, sheep, and goats, through cats and dogs, to rodents and man are discussed in this article. Rhipicephalus-borne pathogens, including Anaplasma species, Ehrlichia species, Babesia species, and Theileria species, have been highlighted as are relevant to the region in review. Pathogens transmitted from Rhipicepahalus ticks to host animals are usually presented clinically with signs of anemia, jaundice, and other signs of hemolytic changes. Rhipicephalus ticks infestation also account for ectoparasitic nuisance in man and animals. These issues are discussed with specific interest to the SEA countries highlighting peculiarities of the region in the epidemiology of Rhipicephalus species and attendant pathogens therein. This paper also discusses the current general control strategies for ticks in SEA proffering measures required for increased documentation. The potential risks associated with rampant and improper acaricide use are highlighted. Furthermore, such practices lead to acaricide resistance among Rhipicephalus species are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Peng Tan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, City Campus, Pengkalan Chepa 16100, Kelantan, Malaysia; (R.H.H.); (B.N.H.H.); (M.F.H.R.); (I.A.-A.O.)
| | - Ruhil Hayati Hamdan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, City Campus, Pengkalan Chepa 16100, Kelantan, Malaysia; (R.H.H.); (B.N.H.H.); (M.F.H.R.); (I.A.-A.O.)
| | - Basripuzi Nurul Hayyan Hassan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, City Campus, Pengkalan Chepa 16100, Kelantan, Malaysia; (R.H.H.); (B.N.H.H.); (M.F.H.R.); (I.A.-A.O.)
| | - Mohd Farhan Hanif Reduan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, City Campus, Pengkalan Chepa 16100, Kelantan, Malaysia; (R.H.H.); (B.N.H.H.); (M.F.H.R.); (I.A.-A.O.)
| | - Ibrahim Abdul-Azeez Okene
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, City Campus, Pengkalan Chepa 16100, Kelantan, Malaysia; (R.H.H.); (B.N.H.H.); (M.F.H.R.); (I.A.-A.O.)
| | - Shih Keng Loong
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.K.L.); (J.J.K.)
| | - Jing Jing Khoo
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.K.L.); (J.J.K.)
| | - Ahmad Syazwan Samsuddin
- Forest Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Forest Science and Biodiversity, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Mycology and Pathology Branch, Forest Biodiversity Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Kepong 52109, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Seng Hua Lee
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
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Namgyal J, Lysyk TJ, Couloigner I, Checkley S, Gurung RB, Tenzin T, Dorjee S, Cork SC. Identification, Distribution, and Habitat Suitability Models of Ixodid Tick Species in Cattle in Eastern Bhutan. Trop Med Infect Dis 2021; 6:27. [PMID: 33669524 PMCID: PMC7931079 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed6010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tick infestation is the most reported parasitological problem in cattle in Bhutan. In May and June 2019, we collected ticks from 240 cattle in two districts of Eastern Bhutan. Tick presence, diversity, and infestation prevalence were examined by morphological identification of 3600 live adult ticks. The relationships between cattle, geographic factors, and infestation prevalence were assessed using logistic regression analyses. Habitat suitability for the tick species identified was determined using MaxEnt. Four genera and six species of ticks were found. These were Rhipicephalus microplus (Canestrini) (70.2% (95% confidence interval (CI): 68.7-71.7)), Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides Supino (18.8% (95% CI: 17.5-20.1)), Haemaphysalis bispinosa Neumann (8.2% (95% CI: 7.3-9.1)), Haemaphysalis spinigera Neumann (2.5% (95% CI: 2-3)), Amblyomma testudinarium Koch (0.19% (95% CI: 0.07-0.4)), and a single unidentified Ixodes sp. Logistic regression indicated that the variables associated with infestation were: longitude and cattle age for R. microplus; latitude for R. haemaphysaloides; and altitude and cattle breed for H. bispinosa and H. spinigera. MaxEnt models showed land cover to be an important predictor for the occurrence of all tick species examined. These findings provide information that can be used to initiate and plan enhanced tick surveillance and subsequent prevention and control programs for ticks and tick-borne diseases in cattle in Bhutan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamyang Namgyal
- District Veterinary Hospital, Department of Livestock, Ministry of Agriculture and Forests, Trashigang 42001, Bhutan
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (T.J.L.); (I.C.); (S.C.); (S.C.C.)
| | - Tim J. Lysyk
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (T.J.L.); (I.C.); (S.C.); (S.C.C.)
| | - Isabelle Couloigner
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (T.J.L.); (I.C.); (S.C.); (S.C.C.)
- Department of Geography, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Sylvia Checkley
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (T.J.L.); (I.C.); (S.C.); (S.C.C.)
| | - Ratna B. Gurung
- National Centre for Animal Health, Department of Livestock, Ministry of Agriculture and Forests, Thimphu 11001, Bhutan; (R.B.G.); (T.T.)
| | - Tenzin Tenzin
- National Centre for Animal Health, Department of Livestock, Ministry of Agriculture and Forests, Thimphu 11001, Bhutan; (R.B.G.); (T.T.)
| | - Sithar Dorjee
- Khesar Gyalpo University of Medical Sciences of Bhutan, Thimphu 11001, Bhutan;
| | - Susan C. Cork
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (T.J.L.); (I.C.); (S.C.); (S.C.C.)
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Gasification and Power Generation Characteristics of Rice Husk, Sawdust, and Coconut Shell Using a Fixed-Bed Downdraft Gasifier. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13042027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic gas generated from the gasification of biomass feedstocks is one of the clean and sustainable energy sources. In this work, a fixed-bed downdraft gasifier was used to perform the gasification on a lab-scale of rice husk, sawdust, and coconut shell. The aim of this work is to find and compare the synthetic gas generation characteristics and prospects of sawdust and coconut shell with rice husk. A temperature range of 650–900 °C was used to conduct gasification of these three biomass feedstocks. The feed rate of rice husk, sawdust, and coconut shell was 3–5 kg/h, while the airflow rate was 2–3 m3/h. Experimental results show that the highest generated quantity of methane (vol.%) in synthetic gas was achieved by using coconut shell than sawdust and rice husk. It also shows that hydrogen production was higher in the gasification of coconut shell than sawdust and rice husk. In addition, emission generations in coconut shell gasification are lower than rice husk although emissions of rice husk gasification are even lower than fossil fuel. Rice husk, sawdust, and coconut shell are cost-effective biomass sources in Bangladesh. Therefore, the outcomes of this paper can be used to provide clean and economic energy sources for the near future.
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Chao LL, Hsieh CK, Ho TY, Shih CM. First zootiological survey of hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) infesting dogs in northern Taiwan. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2019; 77:105-115. [PMID: 30488157 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-018-0328-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Hard ticks infesting canine hosts were determined for the first time in northern Taiwan. Between May 2010 and April 2011, a total of 9467 ticks were collected from 2025 dogs. They were identified based on pictorial keys of their morphological characteristics. These ticks belong to three genus and six species: Rhipicephalus sanguineus, R. haemaphysaloides, Haemaphysalis hystricis, H. lagrangei, H. formosensis and Ixodes ovatus. Rhipicephalus sanguineus was the most dominant species (92.5%), followed by H. hystricis (4.6%), R. haemaphysaloides (2.3%), I. ovatus (0.54%), H. lagrangei (0.04%) and H. formosensis (0.01%). The overall density was 4.7 ticks per dog (ranging from 1.8 to 20.8) and the highest seasonal prevalence was observed in September with an average density of 8.2 ticks per dog. Our results not only provide the first survey of hard ticks infesting dogs in northern Taiwan, but also highlight the possible impact of these tick species on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Lian Chao
- M.Sc. Program in Tropical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Graduate Institute of Pathology and Parasitology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chin-Kuei Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Pathology and Parasitology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tsung-Yu Ho
- Graduate Institute of Pathology and Parasitology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chien-Ming Shih
- M.Sc. Program in Tropical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
- Graduate Institute of Pathology and Parasitology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Roy BC, Krücken J, Ahmed JS, Majumder S, Baumann MP, Clausen PH, Nijhof AM. Molecular identification of tick-borne pathogens infecting cattle in Mymensingh district of Bangladesh reveals emerging species ofAnaplasmaandBabesia. Transbound Emerg Dis 2017; 65:e231-e242. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. C. Roy
- Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine; Freie Universitaet Berlin; Berlin Germany
- Department of Parasitology; Bangladesh Agricultural University; Mymensingh Bangladesh
| | - J. Krücken
- Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine; Freie Universitaet Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - J. S. Ahmed
- Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine; Freie Universitaet Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - S. Majumder
- Department of Agricultural Statistics; Bangladesh Agricultural University; Mymensingh Bangladesh
| | - M. P. Baumann
- FAO Reference Centre for Veterinary Public Health; Freie Universitaet Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - P.-H. Clausen
- Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine; Freie Universitaet Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - A. M. Nijhof
- Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine; Freie Universitaet Berlin; Berlin Germany
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21
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Egyed L. Difference in susceptibility of small rodent host species to infestation by Ixodes ricinus larvae. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2017; 72:183-189. [PMID: 28593480 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-017-0121-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In a laboratory experiment (repeated eight times) individuals of six small rodent species were mixed with 500 Ixodes ricinus larvae for 24 h, than over a 3-day-long observation period engorged ticks fallen from individually kept rodents were counted. Forty engorged larvae fell from the hosts, 25% from striped field mice, 32.5% from house mice, 22.5% from common voles, 10% from bank voles, while wood mouse and steppe mouse proved to be almost free of successfully infesting ticks (both 5%). Statistical analysis indicated, that tick burden differed significantly among host species. Similarly significant differences were shown between sensitivity of two related species, house mouse and steppe mouse, and more ticks were collected on the second observation day compared to the first day. The difference in susceptibility of hosts to Ixodes infestation could be due to various anti-tick behavior habits of hosts, or difference in preference of the ticks between host species.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Egyed
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 18, Budapest, 1581, Hungary.
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22
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Ma M, Chen Z, Liu A, Ren Q, Liu J, Liu Z, Li Y, Yin H, Guan G, Luo J. Biological Parameters of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) Fed on Rabbits, Sheep, and Cattle. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2016; 54:301-5. [PMID: 27417084 PMCID: PMC4977778 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2016.54.3.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In order to determine the effect of various hosts on feeding performance of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, we used 3 mammalian species as hosts, cattle (Qinchuan), sheep (T an), and rabbits (Japanese white rabbit) for infest-ing ticks. Five hundreds of R. microplus larvae were exposed to each animal (3 animals/host species). Tick recoveries were 11.0%, 0.47%, and 5.5% from cattle, sheep, and rabbits, respectively. The averages of tick feeding periods were not significantly different on cattle, sheep, and rabbits, 28.8, 25.3, and 26.7 days, respectively. The average weights of individual engorged female from cattle, sheep, and rabbits were 312.5, 219.1, and 130.2 mg, respectively and those of egg mass weights each to 85.0, 96.6, and 17.8 mg. The highest egg hatching rate was in the ticks from cattle (96.0%), fol-lowed by those from rabbits (83.0%) and sheep (19.2%). These data suggest that rabbits could be as an alternative host to cultivate R. microplus for evaluating vaccines and chemical and biological medicines against the tick in the laboratory, although the biological parameters of ticks were less than those from cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miling Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046, P. R. China
| | - Ze Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046, P. R. China
| | - Aihong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046, P. R. China
| | - Qiaoyun Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046, P. R. China
| | - Junlong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046, P. R. China
| | - Zhijie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046, P. R. China
| | - Youquan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046, P. R. China
| | - Hong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046, P. R. China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
| | - Guiquan Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046, P. R. China
| | - Jianxun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046, P. R. China
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Molecular evidence of spotted fever group rickettsiae and Anaplasmataceae from ticks and stray dogs in Bangladesh. Parasitol Res 2015; 115:949-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4819-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Report of Amblyomma testudinarium in mithuns ( Bos frontalis) from eastern Mizoram (India). J Parasit Dis 2015; 40:1217-1220. [PMID: 27876918 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-015-0654-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical examination of semi-domesticated, free ranging mithuns (Bos frontalis) during an animal health check-up and treatment camp organized at Khuwangleng village in the Champhai district of Mizoram, India and adjacent to Myanmar Border revealed presence of unusually large blood engorged ticks attaching to the dewlap and inner aspects of thighs. On the basis of morphological study, the ticks were found indistinguishable from female Amblyomma testudinarium. Prevalence rate of the tick species in mithuns living in the forests was 9.09 % which was recorded as the highest of all reports made earlier from the North Eastern region of India. Medical and veterinary significance of the tick is discussed in the light of available literature.
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Sanders DM, Schuster AL, McCardle PW, Strey OF, Blankenship TL, Teel PD. Ixodid ticks associated with feral swine in Texas. JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY : JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR VECTOR ECOLOGY 2013; 38:361-373. [PMID: 24581367 DOI: 10.1111/j.1948-7134.2013.12052.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Ixodid ticks were collected from feral swine in eight Texas ecoregions from 2008-2011. Sixty-two percent of 806 feral swine were infested with one or more of the following species: Amblyomma americanum, A. cajennense, A. maculatum, Dermacentor albipictus, D. halli, D. variabilis, and Ixodes scapularis. Juvenile and adult feral swine of both sexes were found to serve as host to ixodid ticks. Longitudinal surveys of feral swine at four geographic locations show persistent year-round tick infestations of all gender-age classes for tick species common to their respective geographic locations and ecoregions. Amblyomma americanum, A. cajennense, A. maculatum and D. variabilis were collected from 66% of feral swine harvested through an abatement program in seven ecoregions from March to October in 2009. These results indicate westward geographic expansion of D. variabilis. Summary results show feral swine are competent hosts for ixodid species responsible for the transmission of pathogens and diminished well-being in livestock, wildlife, and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Sanders
- U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory/USAFSAM, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 454337408, U.S.A
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Acaricidal activity of synthesized titanium dioxide nanoparticles using Calotropis gigantea against Rhipicephalus microplus and Haemaphysalis bispinosa. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2013; 6:682-8. [DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(13)60118-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Frequency distribution of hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) infesting bubaline population of district Toba Tek Singh, Punjab, Pakistan. Parasitol Res 2012; 112:535-41. [PMID: 23086441 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-012-3164-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The current research was conducted to define the epidemiological parameters related to the prevalence and associated risk factors of tick infestation in buffaloes in the Toba Tek Singh District of central Punjab, Pakistan. The prevalence of ticks on buffaloes was 31.21 % (352/1,128). Among the species of ticks, the prevalence of Hyalomma marginatum (75.56 %; 266/352) was higher (P < 0.05; odd's ratios (OR) = 3.09) than Rhipicephalus microplus (24.44 %; 86/352). Female buffaloes (69.60 %; 245/352) and younger animals (59.09 %; 208/352) were more heavily infested than males (30.40 %; 107/352) and adult animals (40.91 %; 144/352), respectively, whereas breed was not a determinant (P > 0.05). With regard to management and husbandry practices, the prevalence of ticks was higher in animals kept on uncemented flooring (54.55 %; 192/352; OR = 1.90) followed in order by partially cemented (28.69 %; 101/352; OR = 1.71) and fully cemented flooring (16.76 %; 59/352). With regard to feeding systems, grazing animals (64.20 %; 226/352) were more burdened compared to stall-fed animals (35.80 %; 126/352). The highest tick prevalence was recorded in closed housing systems (52.27 %; 184/352), followed by semi-closed (34.09 %; 120/352; OR = 1.53), and open housing systems (13.64 %; 48/352). Rope-tied animals (70.73 %; 249/352) were more parasitized (P > 0.05) than open (29.27 %; 103/352). Prevalence in the study district was highest in tehsil Kamalia followed in order by T.T. Singh and Gojra. The primary body area of infestation by ticks (head, neck, ear, dewlap, back, abdomen, foreleg, shoulder, hind leg, congenital areas, and tail) ranged from highest at inside thigh (17 %) to lowest at rump. In the present survey, the highest prevalence was recorded in July and lowest in December. Comparison of hematological changes showed remarkable differences between infested and non-infested animals, in the form of low values of infested animals, whereas an increment in biochemical parameter values was observed in tick-infested animals. The present study provides significant data to enhance planning for tick control program in the study area.
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Prevalence and seasonal variation in ixodid ticks on cattle of Mathura district, Uttar Pradesh. J Parasit Dis 2012; 37:173-6. [PMID: 24431564 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-012-0154-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering the economic impact of various ticks species on livestock, the present study was conducted for epidemiological characterize of common ticks infesting Indian zebu cattle between July 2010 and June 2011 period at various locations of Mathura region of India. A total of 2,515 zebu cattle were examined on random basis throughout the year. The overall prevalence of ticks infestation in cattle was 60.07 %. The highest prevalence was reported in September (75 %) while the lowest was in January (46.07 %). On seasonal investigation highest tick infestation was found in rainy season (69.46 %), followed by summer (62.55 %) while lowest in the winter (47.96 %). Overall highest percentage of tick infestations was noticed in the group I animals of less than 1 year age (80.21 %) followed by group II animals of age between 1 and 3 years (68.48 %) and lowest in group III animals of age greater than 3 years (44.85 %). On the basis of morphological studies, two species of ticks were identified namely Boophilus microplus and Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum. The most common feeding sites for adult ticks were neck, axilla, belly, groin, udder, perineal regions and tail.
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Pérez de León AA, Teel PD, Auclair AN, Messenger MT, Guerrero FD, Schuster G, Miller RJ. Integrated Strategy for Sustainable Cattle Fever Tick Eradication in USA is Required to Mitigate the Impact of Global Change. Front Physiol 2012; 3:195. [PMID: 22712018 PMCID: PMC3374960 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ticks Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus and R. (B.) microplus, commonly known as cattle and southern cattle tick, respectively, impede the development and sustainability of livestock industries throughout tropical and other world regions. They affect animal productivity and wellbeing directly through their obligate blood-feeding habit and indirectly by serving as vectors of the infectious agents causing bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis. The monumental scientific discovery of certain arthropod species as vectors of infectious agents is associated with the history of research on bovine babesiosis and R. annulatus. Together, R. microplus and R. annulatus are referred to as cattle fever ticks (CFT). Bovine babesiosis became a regulated foreign animal disease in the United States of America (U.S.) through efforts of the Cattle Fever Tick Eradication Program (CFTEP) established in 1906. The U.S. was declared free of CFT in 1943, with the exception of a permanent quarantine zone in south Texas along the border with Mexico. This achievement contributed greatly to the development and productivity of animal agriculture in the U.S. The permanent quarantine zone buffers CFT incursions from Mexico where both ticks and babesiosis are endemic. Until recently, the elimination of CFT outbreaks relied solely on the use of coumaphos, an organophosphate acaricide, in dipping vats or as a spray to treat livestock, or the vacation of pastures. However, ecological, societal, and economical changes are shifting the paradigm of systematically treating livestock to eradicate CFT. Keeping the U.S. CFT-free is a critical animal health issue affecting the economic stability of livestock and wildlife enterprises. Here, we describe vulnerabilities associated with global change forces challenging the CFTEP. The concept of integrated CFT eradication is discussed in reference to global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adalberto A Pérez de León
- Knipling-Bushland U.S. Livestock Insects Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service Kerrville, TX, USA
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Fuehrer HP, Igel P, Treiber M, Baumann TA, Riedl J, Swoboda P, Joachim A, Noedl H. Ectoparasites of livestock, dogs, and wild rodents in the Chittagong Hill Tracts in southeastern Bangladesh. Parasitol Res 2012; 111:1867-70. [PMID: 22576854 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-012-2940-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A large variety of ectoparasites parasitizing on livestock, dogs, and rodents are documented throughout the world, of which several are proven vectors for major (including zoonotic) diseases affecting humans and/or livestock. However, there remains a significant lack of knowledge in regard to the ectoparasite fauna in remote regions of the developing world, such as southeastern Bangladesh, and an urgent need to investigate this fauna to improve diagnostic options. In the course of the present study, more than 5,300 ectoparasites were collected by flag dragging and handpicking of livestock, dogs, and rodents in the District of Bandarban (Chittagong Hill Tracts) in southeastern Bangladesh. Three tick species were identified: Haemaphysalis bispinosa (flagging, cattle, goats, and dogs), Rhipicephalus microplus (cattle, goats), and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (dogs, goats, and flagging). H. bispinosa was the dominant tick species on mammalian hosts as well as on vegetation. Furthermore, Ctenocephalides canis (dogs, goats) and Linognatus sp. (goat) were found. Overall, 73 rodents of eight different species (e.g., Mus musculus, Rattus sikkimensis, Bandicota bengalensis, and Niviventer sp.) hosted a variety of ectoparasites such as mites (Laelaps nuttali, Laelaps echidninus, Lyponissoides sp. and Ornithonyssus bacoti), fleas (Xenopsylla cheopis), and one myiasis-causing dipteran species. Monitoring the ectoparasite burden of livestock and other mammals is urgently needed in order to control ectoparasites associated with social and economic burden (e.g., reduced milk production, weight loss). Several zoonotic diseases can be transmitted by ectoparasites in this area, where the majority of the population live in basic housing conditions and in direct contact with livestock, dogs, and rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Peter Fuehrer
- Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Zheng H, Yu Z, Zhou L, Yang X, Liu J. Seasonal abundance and activity of the hard tick Haemaphysalis longicornis (Acari: Ixodidae) in North China. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2012; 56:133-141. [PMID: 22113778 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-011-9505-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Seasonal abundance and activity of all the three post-embryogenic stages of Haemaphysalis longicornis, both feeding and free-living phases, were evaluated over a period of 2 years, from February 2008 to January 2010, in North China. Feeding ticks were removed weekly from head and ears of domestic sheep and the attachment sites of this tick were assessed co-instantaneously; free-living ticks were collected weekly in four habitat types by flag-dragging. The results suggested that H. longicornis mainly resides in shrubs and completes one generation per year with population attrition between stages. Infestation of nymphs was detected from March to September with highest peak between late April and early May; adults were detected from April to September with highest peak between late June and July, and an overwintering male population was found during late September to March; infestation of larvae was observed from June to October and peaked between middle August and early September. Most of this tick (91%) attached to head and ears of hosts. Additionally, we captured rodents from April to September 2008, but only a negligible number of nymphs were detected. This result suggested that rodents are not the principal hosts for this tick in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyuan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Lima MLF, Soares PT, Ramos CAN, Araújo FR, Ramos RAN, Souza IIF, Faustino MAG, Alves LCA. Molecular detection of Anaplasma platys in a naturally-infected cat in Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2010; 41:381-5. [PMID: 24031508 PMCID: PMC3768690 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-838220100002000019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2009] [Revised: 06/03/2009] [Accepted: 10/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Following the accidental finding of inclusion bodies similar to Anaplasma platys in a stained blood smear from a cat, DNA analysis of the 16S rRNA gene was performed and 100% identity was found with different strains of A. platys. These data confirm that cats are susceptible to parasitism by A. platys.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L F Lima
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias dos Animais Domésticos, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco , Recife, PE , Brasil
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Ghosh S, Bansal GC, Gupta SC, Ray D, Khan MQ, Irshad H, Shahiduzzaman M, Seitzer U, Ahmed JS. Status of tick distribution in Bangladesh, India and Pakistan. Parasitol Res 2008; 101 Suppl 2:S207-16. [PMID: 17823830 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-007-0684-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
On a global basis, ticks transmit a greater variety of pathogenic microorganisms, protozoa, rickettsiae, spirochaets, and viruses than any other arthropods and are among the most important vectors of diseases affecting livestock, humans, and companion animals. Ticks and tick-borne diseases (TTBDs) affect 80% of the world cattle population and are widely distributed throughout the world, particularly in tropical and subtropical countries including India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. Ticks and tick-transmitted infections have coevolved with various wild animal hosts, which constitute the reservoir hosts for ticks and tick-borne pathogens of livestock, pets, and humans. In this region, the livestock sector is suffering from a number of disease problems caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. Among the parasitological problems, the damage caused by TTBDs is considered very high, and the control of TTBDs has been given priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikant Ghosh
- Division of Parasitology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
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