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Ansari S, Khahpay R, Khakpai F, Heidarzadeh Z, Khojasteh SMB. Comparison of pain modulatory effect of the LPGi estragon receptor on inflammatory pain between pro-estrus and estrus phases and OVX rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2024:10.1007/s00213-024-06653-2. [PMID: 39180591 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-024-06653-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
The present study has investigated whether circulating estrogen level variations in the pro-estrus and estrus phases of the intact rats and estrogen depletion in the ovariectomized animals (OVX) adjust the formalin-induced nociceptive behaviors. During the pro-estrus and estrus phases of rats' estrus cycle and in the OVX rats, 17β-estradiol and ICI 182,780 (estrogen receptor antagonist) were administered into the right paragigantocellularis lateralis (LPGi) nucleus. Then, the formalin-induced flexing and licking responses were recorded for 60 min. The findings of this study revealed that intra-LPGi administration of 17β-estradiol (0.8 μmol) reduced the formalin-induced flexing and licking duration in pro-estrus and estrus rats (P < 0.001), suggesting an analgesic effect. 17β-Estradiol injection into the LPGi nucleus of OVX rats increased the flexing duration (P < 0.05) while decreasing the licking duration (P < 0.05) of the formalin test. The pain modulatory effect of 17β-estradiol on the flexing response was reversed by ICI 182,780 (15 nmol) in the pro-estrus (P < 0.001) and estrus rats (P < 0.001) but not in the OVX rats. Also, pretreatment of LPGi nucleus with ICI 182,780 reversed the analgesic effect of 17β-estradiol on the licking response in the pro-estrus (P < 0.05), estrus (P < 0.001), and OVX rats (P < 0.001). These results suggest that the pain threshold in intact female rats is modulated independently of the estrus state. Still, the basal level of plasma estrogen and the activation of its receptors are necessary for pain modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanam Ansari
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Roghaieh Khahpay
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Khakpai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Heidarzadeh
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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Butenas ALE, Flax JS, Carroll RJ, Chuwonganant CS, Baranczuk AM, Copp SW. Sex differences in the purinergic 2 receptor-mediated blood pressure response to treadmill exercise in rats with simulated peripheral artery disease. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2024; 326:R449-R460. [PMID: 38497127 PMCID: PMC11381033 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00010.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
We investigated the role played by ATP-sensitive purinergic 2 (P2) receptors in evoking the pressor response to treadmill exercise in male and female rats with and without femoral arteries that were ligated for ∼72 h to induce simulated peripheral artery disease (PAD). We hypothesized that PPADS (P2 receptor antagonist, 10 mg iv) would reduce the pressor response to 4 min of treadmill exercise (15 m·min-1, 1° incline) and steady-state exercise plasma norepinephrine (NE) values in male and female rats, and that the magnitude of effect of PPADS would be greater in rats with simulated PAD ("ligated") than in sham-operated rats. In males, PPADS significantly reduced the difference between steady-state exercise and baseline mean arterial pressure (ΔMAP) response to treadmill exercise in sham (n = 8; pre-PPADS: 12 ± 2, post-PPADS: 1 ± 5 mmHg; P = 0.037) and ligated (n = 4; pre-PPADS: 20 ± 2, post-PPADS: 11 ± 3 mmHg; P = 0.028) rats with a similar magnitude of effect observed between groups (P = 0.720). In females, PPADS had no effect on the ΔMAP response to treadmill exercise in sham (n = 6; pre-PPADS: 9 ± 2, post-PPADS: 7 ± 2 mmHg; P = 0.448) or ligated (n = 6; pre-PPADS: 15 ± 2, post-PPADS: 16 ± 3 mmHg; P = 0.684) rats. When NE values were grouped by sex independent of ligation/sham status, PPADS significantly reduced plasma NE in male (P = 0.016) and female (P = 0.027) rats. The data indicate that P2 receptors contribute to the sympathetic response to exercise in both male and female rats but that the sympathoexcitatory role for P2 receptors translates into an obligatory role in the blood pressure response to exercise in male but not in female rats.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Here, we demonstrate that purinergic 2 (P2) receptors contribute significantly to the blood pressure response to treadmill exercise in male rats both with and without simulated PAD induced by femoral artery ligation. We found no role for P2 receptors in the blood pressure response to treadmill exercise in female rats, thus revealing clear sex differences in P2 receptor-mediated blood pressure control during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec L E Butenas
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States
| | - Joseph S Flax
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States
| | - Raimi J Carroll
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States
| | - C Shane Chuwonganant
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States
| | - Ashley M Baranczuk
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States
| | - Steven W Copp
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States
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Ishiura Y, Fujimura M, Ogawa H, Hara J, Shintani H, Hozawa S, Atsuta R, Fukumitsu K, Inoue H, Shioya T, Muraki M, Amemiya T, Ohkura N, Oribe Y, Tanaka H, Yamada T, Toyoshima M, Fujimori K, Ishizuka T, Kagaya M, Suzuki T, Kita T, Nishi K, Ueda A, Miyata Y, Kitada J, Yamamura K, Abo M, Takeda N, Shirai T, Tajiri T, Yoshihara S, Akamatsu T, Sawaguchi H, Nagano T, Hanada S, Masuda S, Ohmichi M, Ito T, Sagara H, Matsumoto H, Niimi A. Prevalence and causes of chronic cough in Japan. Respir Investig 2024; 62:442-448. [PMID: 38522360 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2024.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic cough is one of the most common symptoms of respiratory diseases and can adversely affect patients' quality of life and interfere with social activities, resulting in a significant social burden. A survey is required to elucidate the frequency and treatment effect of chronic cough. However, clinical studies that cover all of Japan have not yet been conducted. METHODS Patients who presented with a cough that lasted longer than 8 weeks and visited the respiratory clinics or hospitals affiliated with the Japan Cough Society during the 2-year study period were registered. RESULTS A total of 379 patients were enrolled, and those who did not meet the definition of chronic cough were excluded. A total of 334 patients were analyzed: 201 patients had a single cause, and 113 patients had two or more causes. The main causative diseases were cough variant asthma in 92 patients, sinobronchial syndrome (SBS) in 36 patients, atopic cough in 31 patients, and gastroesophageal reflux (GER)-associated cough in 10 patients. The time required to treat undiagnosed patients and those with SBS was significantly longer and the treatment success rate for GER-associated cough was considerably poor. CONCLUSIONS We confirmed that the main causes of chronic cough were cough variant asthma, SBS, atopic cough, and their complications. We also showed that complicated GER-associated cough was more likely to become refractory. This is the first nationwide study in Japan of the causes and treatment effects of chronic cough.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihisa Ishiura
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 10-15 Fumizono-cho, Moriguchi, Osaka, 570-8507, Japan.
| | - Masaki Fujimura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Nanao Hospital, 8 bu 3-1 Matsuto-machi, Nanao, 926-0841, Ishikawa, Japan; Cough Clinic, Komatsu Sophia Hospital, 478 Okimachi, Komatsu, Ishikawa, 923-0861, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Ogawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanazawa Kasuga Clinic, Motogiku-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-0036, Japan
| | - Johsuke Hara
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanazawa University Hospital, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Hiromoto Shintani
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shintani Medical Clinic, 67-1, Ni, Sono-machi, Komatsu, Ishikawa, 923-0801, Japan
| | - Soichiro Hozawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hiroshima Allergy and Respiratory Clinic, 1-9-28 Hikari-machi Higashi-ku, Hiroshima, 732-0052, Japan
| | - Ryo Atsuta
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Akihabara Atsuta Clinic, 1-5 Kanada-Iwamotocho, 101-0033, Chiyoda, Tokyo, 101-0033, Japan
| | - Kensuke Fukumitsu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawazumi Mizuho-machi, Nagoya, 467-860, Japan
| | - Hideki Inoue
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Asthma and Lung Clinic Tokyo, 5-48-2 Higashi-Nippori, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo, 116-0014, Japan
| | - Takanobu Shioya
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nursing Care Facility Nikoniko-en, 138-1 Shimoshinjou Nakano Azabiwanuma, Akita, 010-0146, Japan
| | - Masato Muraki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Kindai University Nara Hospital, 1248-1 Otoda-cho, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0293, Japan
| | - Tokunao Amemiya
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Amemiya Clinic, 17-28 Yoshida-machi, Numazu, Shizuoka, 410-0836, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Ohkura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanazawa University Hospital, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Oribe
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Oribe Internal Medicin Clinic, 1-5-33, Hikoso-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-0901, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tanaka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NPO Sapporo Cough Asthma and Allergy Center, 15-1-32 Minami-4-jyou-Nishi, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 064-0804, Japan
| | - Takechiyo Yamada
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Akita University, Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Mikio Toyoshima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hamamatsu Rosai Hospital, 25 Shogen-cho, Cyuou-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 430-8525, Japan
| | - Katsuya Fujimori
- Department of Internal Medicine, Agano City Hospital, 13-23 Okayamacho, Agano, Niigata, 959-2025, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Ishizuka
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka-Shimoaizuki, Eiheiji, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Manabu Kagaya
- KAGAYA CLINIC of Internal Medicine, 13-18 Asahikawa minami-machi, Akita, Akita, 010-0834, Japan
| | - Takeshi Suzuki
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Chiba, 260-8677, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kita
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NHO Kanazawa Medical Center, 1-1 Shimoishibiki-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8650, Japan
| | - Koichi Nishi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ishikawa Prefectural Central Hospital, 2-1 Kuratsuki-Higashi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8530, Japan
| | - Akihito Ueda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Medical Corporation Toujinkai, Fujitate Hospital, 5-4-24 Ohmiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka, 535-0002, Japan
| | - Yoshito Miyata
- Department of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8, Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8666, Japan
| | - Junya Kitada
- Ohmichi Clinic of Internal and Respiratory Medicine, Nihonseimei Sapporo Bldg, Kita-3, Nishi-4, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, (Hokkaido), 060-0003, Japan
| | - Kenta Yamamura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keiju Medical Center, 94 Tomioka-cho, Nanao, Ishikawa, 926-8605, Japan
| | - Miki Abo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanazawa University Hospital, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Norihisa Takeda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawazumi Mizuho-machi, Nagoya, 467-860, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Shirai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, 4-27-1 Kita-Ando, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka, 420-8527, Japan
| | - Tomoko Tajiri
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawazumi Mizuho-machi, Nagoya, 467-860, Japan
| | - Shigemi Yoshihara
- Department of Pediatrics, Dokkyo Medical University, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu-machi, Shimotsuka-gun, Tochigi, 321-0293, Japan
| | - Taisuke Akamatsu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, 4-27-1 Kita-Ando, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka, 420-8527, Japan
| | - Hirochiyo Sawaguchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Kindai University Nara Hospital, 1248-1 Otoda-cho, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0293, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Nagano
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Soichiro Hanada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Kindai University Nara Hospital, 1248-1 Otoda-cho, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0293, Japan
| | - Sawako Masuda
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, National Hospital Organization Mie National Hospital, 357 Osato-Kubota, Tsu, Mie, 514-0125, Japan
| | - Mitsuhide Ohmichi
- Ohmichi Clinic of Internal and Respiratory Medicine, Nihonseimei Sapporo Bldg, Kita-3, Nishi-4, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, (Hokkaido), 060-0003, Japan
| | - Tomoki Ito
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 10-15 Fumizono-cho, Moriguchi, Osaka, 570-8507, Japan
| | - Hironori Sagara
- Department of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8, Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8666, Japan
| | - Hisako Matsumoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osakasayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Akio Niimi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawazumi Mizuho-machi, Nagoya, 467-860, Japan
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See LP, Sripinun P, Lu W, Li J, Alboloushi N, Alvarez-Periel E, Lee SM, Karabucak B, Wang S, Jordan Sciutto KL, Theken KN, Mitchell CH. Increased Purinergic Signaling in Human Dental Pulps With Inflammatory Pain is Sex-Dependent. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2024; 25:1039-1058. [PMID: 37956743 PMCID: PMC11129867 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2023.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
An enhanced understanding of neurotransmitter systems contributing to pain transmission aids in drug development, while the identification of biological variables like age and sex helps in the development of personalized pain management and effective clinical trial design. This study identified enhanced expression of purinergic signaling components specifically in painful inflammation, with levels increased more in women as compared to men. Inflammatory dental pain is common and potentially debilitating; as inflammation of the dental pulp can occur with or without pain, it provides a powerful model to examine distinct pain pathways in humans. In control tissues, P2X3 and P2X2 receptors colocalized with PGP9.5-positive nerves. Expression of the ecto-nucleotidase NTPDase1 (CD39) increased with exposure to extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP), implying CD39 acted as a marker for sustained elevation of extracellular ATP. Both immunohistochemistry and immunoblots showed P2X2, P2X3, and CD39 increased in symptomatic pulpitis, suggesting receptors and the ATP agonist were elevated in patients with increased pain. The increased expression of P2X3 and CD39 was more frequently observed in women than men. In summary, this study identifies CD39 as a marker for chronic elevation of extracellular ATP in fixed human tissue. It supports a role for increased purinergic signaling in humans with inflammatory dental pain and suggests the contribution of purines shows sexual dimorphism. This highlights the potential for P2X antagonists to treat pain in humans and stresses the need to consider sex in clinical trials that target pain and purinergic pathways. PERSPECTIVE: This article demonstrates an elevation of ATP-marker CD39 and of ATP receptors P2X2 and P2X3 with inflammatory pain and suggests the rise is greater in women. This highlights the potential for P2X antagonists to treat pain and stresses the consideration of sexual dimorphism in studies of purines and pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily P. See
- Departments of Basic and Translational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Endodontics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Puttipong Sripinun
- Departments of Basic and Translational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Wennan Lu
- Departments of Basic and Translational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Departments of Basic and Translational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Naela Alboloushi
- Department of Endodontics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Oral Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | | | - Su-Min Lee
- Department of Endodontics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Bekir Karabucak
- Department of Endodontics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Steven Wang
- Department of Oral Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | | | - Katherine N. Theken
- Department of Oral Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Claire H. Mitchell
- Departments of Basic and Translational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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Campos-Villegas C, Pérez-Alenda S, Carrasco JJ, Igual-Camacho C, Tomás-Miguel JM, Cortés-Amador S. Effectiveness of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation therapy and strength training among post-menopausal women with thumb carpometacarpal osteoarthritis. A randomized trial. J Hand Ther 2024; 37:172-183. [PMID: 35948454 DOI: 10.1016/j.jht.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thumb carpometacarpal osteoarthritis (CMC OA) greatly affects post-menopausal women. It is characterized by pain and functional deficits that limit the performance of activities of daily life and affect quality of life. PURPOSE Analyze the effects of 4/weeks strength training, with and without proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) on the disability among post-menopausal women with thumb CMC OA. Secondly, analyze the effects on pain, mobility, and strength. STUDY DESIGN Superiority randomized clinical trial. METHODS 42 women were randomly allocated to strength training program (SEG, n = 21) and to a strength training plus PNF therapy program (PNFG, n = 21). The Disability (disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand questionnaire), pain (visual analogue scale), mobility (Kapandji Test), and hand strength were evaluated pre, post intervention (at 4 weeks) and follow-up (at 8 weeks). RESULTS Disability was significantly reduced in both groups after intervention, but reduction was statistically superior in PNFG (between-group mean difference [MD] = -16.69 points; CI = -21.56:-11.82; P<.001; d = 2.14). Similar results were observed for secondary outcomes: pain (MD = -2.03; CI = -2.83:-1.22; P<.001; d = 1.58), mobility (MD = 0.96; CI = 0.52:1.38; P<.001; d = 1.40) and strength (grip: MD = 3.47kg; CI = 1.25:5.69; P = .003; d = 0.97, palmar: MD = 0.97kg; CI = 0.14:1.80; P = .024; d = 0.72, tip: MD = 1.12kg; CI = 0.41:1.83; P = .003; d = 0.99 and key pinch: MD = 0.85kg; CI = 0.001:1.70; P = .049; d = 0.62). These improvements were maintained at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS The combination of PNF exercises and strength training is more effective for reducing disability pain and improve mobility and strength in post-menopausal women with CMC OA than a programme based solely on strength.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sofía Pérez-Alenda
- Physiotherapy in Motion Multispeciality Research Group (PTinMOTION), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan J Carrasco
- Physiotherapy in Motion Multispeciality Research Group (PTinMOTION), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Celedonia Igual-Camacho
- Group of Physiotherapy in the Ageing Process, Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Sara Cortés-Amador
- UBIC research group, Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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6
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Keita-Alassane S, Otis C, Bouet E, Guillot M, Frezier M, Delsart A, Moreau M, Bédard A, Gaumond I, Pelletier JP, Martel-Pelletier J, Beaudry F, Lussier B, Lecomte R, Marchand S, Troncy E. Estrogenic impregnation alters pain expression: analysis through functional neuropeptidomics in a surgical rat model of osteoarthritis. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 395:703-715. [PMID: 35318491 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02231-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Several observational studies suggest that estrogens could bias pain perception. To evaluate the influence of estrogenic impregnation on pain expression, a prospective, randomized, controlled, blinded study was conducted in a Sprague-Dawley rat model of surgically induced osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS Female rats were ovariectomized and pre-emptive 17β-estradiol (0.025 mg, 90-day release time) or placebo pellets were installed subcutaneously during the OVX procedures. Thirty-five days after, OA was surgically induced on both 17β-estradiol (OA-E) and placebo (OA-P) groups. Mechanical hypersensitivity was assessed by static weight-bearing (SWB) and paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) tests. Mass spectrometry coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-MS) was performed to quantify the spinal pronociceptive neuropeptides substance P (SP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), bradykinin (BK), somatostatin (SST), and dynorphin-A (Dyn-A). RESULTS Compared to control, ovariectomized rats presented higher SP (P = 0.009) and CGRP (P = 0.017) concentrations. OA induction increased the spinal level of SP (+ 33%, P < 0.020) and decreased the release of BK (- 20%, (P < 0.037)). The OA-E rats at functional assessment put more % body weight on the affected hind limb than OA-P rats at D7 (P = 0.027) and D56 (P = 0.033), and showed higher PWT at D56 (P = 0.009), suggesting an analgesic and anti-allodynic effect of 17β-estradiol. Interestingly, the 17β-estradiol treatment counteracted the increase of spinal concentration of Dyn-A (P < 0.016) and CGRP (P < 0.018). CONCLUSION These results clearly indicate that 17β-estradiol interfers with the development of central sensitization and confirm that gender dimorphism should be considered when looking at pain evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sokhna Keita-Alassane
- Research Group in Animal Pharmacology of Quebec (GREPAQ), Department of Veterinary Biomedicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Colombe Otis
- Research Group in Animal Pharmacology of Quebec (GREPAQ), Department of Veterinary Biomedicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Emilie Bouet
- Research Group in Animal Pharmacology of Quebec (GREPAQ), Department of Veterinary Biomedicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Martin Guillot
- Research Group in Animal Pharmacology of Quebec (GREPAQ), Department of Veterinary Biomedicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
- Charles River Laboratories Montreal ULC, Senneville, QC, Canada
| | - Marilyn Frezier
- Research Group in Animal Pharmacology of Quebec (GREPAQ), Department of Veterinary Biomedicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Aliénor Delsart
- Research Group in Animal Pharmacology of Quebec (GREPAQ), Department of Veterinary Biomedicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Maxim Moreau
- Research Group in Animal Pharmacology of Quebec (GREPAQ), Department of Veterinary Biomedicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Agathe Bédard
- Charles River Laboratories Montreal ULC, Senneville, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle Gaumond
- Département de Chirurgie, Département d'anesthésie, Faculté de Médecine Et Des Sciences de La Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Pelletier
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Johanne Martel-Pelletier
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Francis Beaudry
- Research Group in Animal Pharmacology of Quebec (GREPAQ), Department of Veterinary Biomedicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Bertrand Lussier
- Research Group in Animal Pharmacology of Quebec (GREPAQ), Department of Veterinary Biomedicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Roger Lecomte
- Sherbrooke Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CRCHUS), Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Serge Marchand
- Département de Chirurgie, Département d'anesthésie, Faculté de Médecine Et Des Sciences de La Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CRCHUS), Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Eric Troncy
- Research Group in Animal Pharmacology of Quebec (GREPAQ), Department of Veterinary Biomedicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Qin L, Li Q, Li J. ASIC3 knockout alters expression and activity of P2X3 in muscle afferent nerves of rat model of peripheral artery disease. FASEB Bioadv 2022; 4:329-341. [PMID: 35520394 PMCID: PMC9065578 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2021-00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In peripheral artery disease (PAD), the metaboreceptor and mechanoreceptor in muscle afferent nerves contribute to accentuated sympathetic outflow via a neural reflex termed exercise pressor reflex (EPR). Particularly, lactic acid and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) produced in exercising muscles respectively stimulate acid sensing ion channel subtype 3 (ASIC3) and P2X3 receptors (P2X3) in muscle afferent nerves, inducing the reflex sympathetic and BP responses. Previous studies indicated that those two receptors are spatially close to each other and AISC3 may have a regulatory effect on the function of P2X3. This inspired our investigation on the P2X3‐mediated EPR response following AISC3 abolished, which was anticipated to shed light on the future pharmacological and genetic treatment strategy for PAD. Thus, we tested the experimental hypothesis that the pressor response to P2X3 stimulation is greater in PAD rats with 3 days of femoral artery occlusion and the sensitizing effects of P2X3 are attenuated following ASIC3 knockout (KO) in PAD. Our data demonstrated that in wild type (WT) rats femoral occlusion exaggerated BP response to activation of P2X3 using α,β‐methylene ATP injected into the arterial blood supply of the hindlimb, meanwhile the western blot analysis suggested upregulation of P2X3 expression in dorsal root ganglion supplying the afferent nerves. Using the whole cell patch‐clamp method, we also showed that P2X3 stimulation enhanced the amplitude of induced currents in muscle afferent neurons of PAD rats. Of note, amplification of the P2X3 evoked‐pressor response and expression and current response of P2X3 was attenuated in ASIC3 KO rats. We concluded that the exaggerated P2X3‐mediated pressor response in PAD rats is blunted by ASIC3 KO due to the decreased expression and activities of P2X3 in muscle afferent neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Qin
- Heart and Vascular Institute The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine Hershey PA 17033 USA
| | - Qin Li
- Heart and Vascular Institute The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine Hershey PA 17033 USA
| | - Jianhua Li
- Heart and Vascular Institute The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine Hershey PA 17033 USA
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8
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Seol SH, Chung G. Estrogen-dependent regulation of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) and P2X purinoceptor 3 (P2X3): Implication in burning mouth syndrome. J Dent Sci 2022; 17:8-13. [PMID: 35028015 PMCID: PMC8739235 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2021.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex differences in the nervous system have gained recent academic interest. While the prominent differences are observed in mood and anxiety disorders, growing number of evidences also suggest sex difference in pain perception. This review focuses on estrogen as the key molecule underlying such difference, because estrogen plays many functions in the nervous system, including modulation of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) and P2X purinoceptor 3 (P2X3), two important nociceptive receptors. Estrogen was shown in various studies to up-regulate TRPV1 expression through two distinct pathways, resulting in pro-nociceptive effect. However, estrogen alleviated pain in other studies, by down-regulating nerve growth factor (NGF)-activated pathways and TRPV1. Estrogen may also attenuate nociception by inhibiting P2X3 receptors and ATP-signaling. Understanding the mechanism underlying the pro- and anti-nociceptive effect of estrogen might be crucial to understand pathophysiology of the burning mouth syndrome (BMS), a common chronic orofacial pain disorder in menopausal women. The involvement of TRPV1 is strongly suspected because of burning sensation. Reduced estrogen level of the BMS patient might have caused increased activity of P2X3 receptors. Interestingly, the increased expression of TRPV1 and P2X3 in oral mucosa of BMS patients was reported. The combinational impact of differential modulation of TRPV1/P2X3 during menopause might be an important contributing factor of etiology of BMS. Understanding the estrogen-dependent regulation of nociceptive receptors may provide a valuable insight toward the peripheral mechanism of sex-difference in pain perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Hong Seol
- College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gehoon Chung
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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9
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Liu X, Yang Y, Gao Y, Zhang H, Zhu J, Dong X, Xu J. Estrogen inhibits bladder overactivity in rats with cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis via downregulating the expression of P2X3 receptors in bladder epithelium cells. Neurourol Urodyn 2021; 41:174-187. [PMID: 34622458 DOI: 10.1002/nau.24811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The therapeutic effect of estrogen on interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome is unclear. We aim to explore the effect of estrogen on bladder overactivity in rats with cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis and its underlying mechanism. METHODS In vivo cystometry was used to determine the effect of estrogen on bladder excitability. The effect of estrogen on the expression of P2X3 receptors in bladder epithelium was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot. Effect of P2X3 receptors in bladder urothelium on stretch-released adenosine triphosphate was performed by a Flexcell FX5000 Compression system and an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Kit. RESULTS Estrogen deprivation significantly increased the urinary frequency, while supplementation with diarylpropionitrile (DPN), an estrogen receptor β (ERβ) agonist, alleviated the urinary frequency. 17β-Estradiol and DPN decreased the expression of P2X3 receptors in urothelium cells which was partially inhibited by ERβ antagonist 4-[2-phenyl-5,7-bis(trifluoromethyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-3-yl]phenol. Meanwhile, inhibiting the expression of P2X3 receptors by ERβ agonist or antagonizing the function of P2X3 receptors by selective P2X3 receptor antagonist AF-353 or A-317491 significantly reduced the stretch-released ATP from urothelium cells. CONCLUSIONS Estrogen has a direct effect on the regulation of bladder overactivity in rats with cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis by downregulating the expression of bladder epithelial P2X3 receptors through ERβ and reducing the adenosine triphosphate released from urothelium during bladder filling, thereby inhibiting the generation of the micturition reflex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, Shapingba, P.R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, Shapingba, P.R. China
| | - Ye Gao
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, Shapingba, P.R. China
| | - Hengshuai Zhang
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, Shapingba, P.R. China
| | - Jingzhen Zhu
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, Shapingba, P.R. China
| | - Xingyou Dong
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, Shapingba, P.R. China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, Shapingba, P.R. China
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Maba IK, Cruz JV, Zampronio AR. Change in prostaglandin signaling during sickness syndrome hyperalgesia after ovariectomy in female rats. Behav Brain Res 2021; 410:113368. [PMID: 34000337 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated hyperalgesia during sickness syndrome in female rats. Hyperalgesia was induced by an intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or an intracerebroventricular injection of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). No differences were found in basal mechanical and thermal thresholds or in LPS-induced hyperalgesia in sham-operated animals in the diestrus or proestrus phase or in ovariectomized (OVX) animals. However, higher levels of PGE2 where found in the cerebrospinal fluid of OVX animals compared to sham-operated females. Intracerebroventricular injection of PGE2 produced rapid mechanical hyperalgesia in sham-operated rats while these responses were observed at later times in OVX animals. The protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor H-89 reduced mechanical PGE2-induced hyperalgesia in OVX female rats, whereas no effect was observed in sham-operated animals. In contrast, the exchange protein activated by cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP; Epac) inhibitor ESI-09 reduced mechanical PGE2-induced hyperalgesia, whereas no effect was observed in OVX animals. PGE2 also induced thermal hyperalgesia in sham-operated and OVX female rats and a similar effect of ESI-09 was observed. These results suggest that PGE2-induced hyperalgesia that is observed during sickness syndrome has different signaling mechanisms in cycling and OVX female rats involving the activation of the cAMP-Epac or cAMP-PKA pathways, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- I K Maba
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Section, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - J V Cruz
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Section, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - A R Zampronio
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Section, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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11
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Bai H, Sha B, Xu X, Yu L. Gender Difference in Chronic Cough: Are Women More Likely to Cough? Front Physiol 2021; 12:654797. [PMID: 34025449 PMCID: PMC8138462 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.654797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic cough is a common complaint for patients to seek medical cares all over the world. Worldwide, about two thirds of chronic cough patients are females. However, in some regions of China the prevalence of chronic cough between sexes is roughly the same. Estrogen and progesterone can not only have an effect on transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 channel, eosinophils and mast cells, but also influence laryngeal dysfunction, gastroesophageal reflux disease and obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome, which may lead to increased cough sensitivity in women. On the other hand, the quality of life was adversely affected more in female patients with chronic cough. Both hormones possibly cause gender difference in chronic cough.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xianghuai Xu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Delay L, Gonçalves Dos Santos G, Dias EV, Yaksh TL, Corr M. Sexual Dimorphism in the Expression of Pain Phenotype in Preclinical Models of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2021; 47:245-264. [PMID: 33781493 DOI: 10.1016/j.rdc.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is one of most frequent rheumatic diseases, affecting around 1% of the population worldwide. Pain impacting the quality of life for the patient with rheumatoid arthritis, is often the primary factor leading them to seek medical care. Although sex-related differences in humans and animal models of rheumatoid arthritis are described, the correlation between pain and sex in rheumatoid arthritis has only recently been directly examined. Here we review the literature and explore the mechanisms underlying the expression of the pain phenotype in females and males in preclinical models of rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauriane Delay
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | | | - Elayne Vieira Dias
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Tony L Yaksh
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Maripat Corr
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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THE EFFECT OF ESTROGEN DEFICIENCY ON THE FUNCTIONING OF ARC CENTRAL LINK SEGMENTAL REFLEX. WORLD OF MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.26724/2079-8334-2021-4-78-242-246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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14
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Rosyidi RM, Priyanto B, Wardhana DPW, Prihastomo KT, Hikmi S, Turchan A, Rozikin. P2X3 receptor expression in dorsal horn of spinal cord and pain threshold after estrogen therapy for prevention therapy in neuropathic pain. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2020; 60:389-395. [PMID: 33235714 PMCID: PMC7670236 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2020.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neuropathic pain may arise from conditions that affecting the central or peripheral nervous system. This study was held to determine the difference P2X3 receptor expression in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord and pain threshold after estrogen therapy in neuropathic pain. METHODS This study design was an experimental research laboratory. The 24 mice samples divided into negative control group, positive control, and treatment groups. The treatment groups were given subcutaneous injections of estrogen 0.4 ml and also examined for the onset of thermal hyperalgesia in every rat. On day 15, an autopsy was performed on rats, and the spine was taken. The spinal cord was stained by hematoxylin-eosin, and the expression of P2X3 receptors was investigated. P2X3 receptor expression was examined in the dorsal horn on each sample. RESULTS From 24 subjects of the study revealed an increase in the onset of thermal hyperalgesia on the estrogen group compared with the placebo group, a higher start. This study also obtained a decrease in the expression of P2X3 on the therapy group compared to the positive control group with significant differences. Statistical test results revealed the appearance of the P2X3 estrogen group had a substantial difference with the placebo group (p = 0.000) and the mean of the negative control group (p = 0.030). The placebo group had a significant difference from the negative control group (p = 0.035). CONCLUSION Estrogen could decrease the expression of P2X3 receptors and prolonged the onset of thermal hyperalgesia. So, both of these explained that estrogen has a role in preventing the occurrence of neuropathic pain after peripheral nerve lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohadi Muhammad Rosyidi
- Department of Neurosurgery Medical Faculty of Mataram University, West Nusa Tenggara General Hospital, Mataram, Indonesia
| | - Bambang Priyanto
- Department of Neurosurgery Medical Faculty of Mataram University, West Nusa Tenggara General Hospital, Mataram, Indonesia
| | - Dewa Putu Wisnu Wardhana
- Department of Neurosurgery, Udayana University Hospital, Medical Faculty of Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia
| | - Krisna Tsaniadi Prihastomo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dr. Kariadi General Hospital Medical Center, Semarang, Center Java, Indonesia
| | - Syauq Hikmi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dr. R. Koesma General Hospital Medical Center, Tuban, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Agus Turchan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Medical Center, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Rozikin
- Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Al Azhar Islamic University, Mataram, Indonesia
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15
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Gohar EY, Kasztan M, Zhang S, Inscho EW, Pollock DM. Role for ovarian hormones in purinoceptor-dependent natriuresis. Biol Sex Differ 2020; 11:52. [PMID: 32928299 PMCID: PMC7490965 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-020-00329-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Premenopausal women have a lower risk of hypertension compared to age-matched men and postmenopausal women. P2Y2 and P2Y4 purinoceptor can be considered potential contributors to hypertension due to their emerging roles in regulating renal tubular Na+ transport. Activation of these receptors inhibits epithelial Na+ channel activity (ENaC) via a phospholipase C (PLC)-dependent pathway resulting in natriuresis. We recently reported that activation of P2Y2 and P2Y4 receptors in the renal medulla by UTP promotes natriuresis in male and ovariectomized (OVX) rats, but not in ovary-intact females. This led us to hypothesize that ovary-intact females have greater basal renal medullary activity of P2 (P2Y2 and P2Y4) receptors regulating Na+ excretion compared to male and OVX rats. METHODS To test our hypothesis, we determined (i) the effect of inhibiting medullary P2 receptors by suramin (750 μg/kg/min) on urinary Na+ excretion in anesthetized male, ovary-intact female, and OVX Sprague Dawley rats, (ii) mRNA expression and protein abundance of P2Y2 and P2Y4 receptors, and (iii) mRNA expression of their downstream effectors (PLC-1δ and ENaCα) in renal inner medullary tissues obtained from these three groups. We also subjected cultured mouse inner medullary collecting duct cells (segment 3, mIMCD3) to different concentrations of 17ß-estradiol (E2, 0, 10, 100, and 1000 nM) to test whether E2 increases mRNA expression of P2Y2 and P2Y4 receptors. RESULTS Acute P2 inhibition attenuated urinary Na+ excretion in ovary-intact females, but not in male or OVX rats. We found that P2Y2 and P2Y4 mRNA expression was higher in the inner medulla from females compared to males or OVX. Inner medullary lysates showed that ovary-intact females have higher P2Y2 receptor protein abundance, compared to males; however, OVX did not eliminate this sex difference. We also found that E2 dose-dependently upregulated P2Y2 and P2Y4 mRNA expression in mIMCD3. CONCLUSION These data suggest that ovary-intact females have enhanced P2Y2 and P2Y4-dependent regulation of Na+ handling in the renal medulla, compared to male and OVX rats. We speculate that the P2 pathway contributes to facilitated renal Na+ handling in premenopausal females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Y Gohar
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 720 20th St S, Kaul 840, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA.
| | - Malgorzata Kasztan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 720 20th St S, Kaul 840, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Shali Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 720 20th St S, Kaul 840, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Edward W Inscho
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 720 20th St S, Kaul 840, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - David M Pollock
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 720 20th St S, Kaul 840, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
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Qin L, Li J. One-Time Acute Heat Treatment Is Effective for Attenuation of the Exaggerated Exercise Pressor Reflex in Rats With Femoral Artery Occlusion. Front Physiol 2020; 11:942. [PMID: 32848871 PMCID: PMC7424045 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of one-time acute heat treatment (HT) on the exaggerated exercise pressor reflex in a model of peripheral arterial insufficiency induced by ligation of the femoral artery and was to further examine the underlying mechanism of ATP-P2X3 signal activity during this process. The blood pressure (BP) response to static muscle contraction and muscle tendon stretch was recorded to determine the exercise pressor reflex. Also, αβ-methylene ATP (αβ-me ATP) was injected into the arterial blood supply of the hindlimb muscles to stimulate P2X3 receptors in the muscle afferent nerves. To process one-time acute HT, a heating pad was placed locally on the hindlimb and the muscle temperature (Tm) was increased by ~1.5°C and maintained for 5 min. Compared with control rats, a greater mean arterial pressure (MAP) response to muscle contraction was observed in rats with femoral occlusion in a pre-heat control session (28 ± 2 mmHg in occluded rats/n = 12 vs. 18 ± 2 mmHg in control rats/n = 9; p < 0.05). The one-time acute HT attenuated the amplification of the BP response in rats with femoral artery occlusion (MAP response: 19 ± 8 mmHg in occluded rats + HT/n = 11; p < 0.05 vs. occluded rats). In contrast, HT did not significantly attenuate amplification of MAP response to muscle stretch and αβ-me ATP injection in rats with femoral artery occlusion and controls (all p > 0.05). Our data suggest that one-time acute HT selectively attenuates the amplified pressor response induced by activation of the metabolic and mechanical components of the reflex in rats after femoral artery occlusion. The suppressing effects of acute HT on the exaggerated exercise pressor reflex are likely mediated through a reduction in metabolites (e.g., ATP) stimulating the muscle afferent nerves in contracting muscle, but unlikely through direct alteration of P2X receptors per se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Qin
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Jianhua Li
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
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Nasser SA, Afify EA. Sex differences in pain and opioid mediated antinociception: Modulatory role of gonadal hormones. Life Sci 2019; 237:116926. [PMID: 31614148 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sex-related differences in pain and opioids has been the focus of many researches. It is demonstrated that women experience greater clinical pain, lower pain threshold and tolerance, more sensitivity and distress to experimentally induced pain compared to men. Sex differences in response to opioid treatment revealed inconsistent results. However, the etiology of these disparities is not fully elucidated. It is, therefore, conceivable now that this literature merits to be revisited comprehensively. Possible multifaceted factors seem to be associated. These include neuroanatomical, hormonal, neuroimmunological, psychological, social and cultural aspects and comorbidities. This review aims at providing an overview of the substantial literature documenting the sex differences in pain and analgesic response to opioids from animal and human studies within the context of the modulatory effects of the aforementioned factors. A detailed and critical discussion of the cellular and molecular signaling pathways underlying the modulatory actions of gonadal hormones in the sexual dimorphism in pain processing and opioid analgesia is extensively presented. It is indicated that sexual dimorphic activation of certain brain regions contributes to differential pain sensitivity between females and males. Plausible crosstalk between sex hormones and neuroimmunological signaling pertinent to toll-like and purinergic receptors is uncovered as causal cues underlying sexually dimorphic pain and opioid analgesia. Conceivably, a thorough understanding of these factors may aid in sex-related advancement in pain therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne A Nasser
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Elham A Afify
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
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Ito A, Yoshimura M. Mechanisms of the analgesic effect of calcitonin on chronic pain by alteration of receptor or channel expression. Mol Pain 2018; 13:1744806917720316. [PMID: 28726540 PMCID: PMC5524232 DOI: 10.1177/1744806917720316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The polypeptide hormone calcitonin is well known clinically for its ability to relieve osteoporotic back pain and neuropathic pain such as spinal canal stenosis, diabetic neuropathy, chemotherapy-induced neuropathy, and complex regional pain syndrome. Because the analgesic effects of calcitonin have a broad range, the underlying mechanisms of pain relief by calcitonin are largely unknown. However, recent studies using several types of chronic pain models combined with various methods have been gradually clarifying the mechanism. Here, we review the mechanisms of the analgesic action of calcitonin on ovariectomy-induced osteoporotic and neuropathic pain. The analgesic action of calcitonin may be mediated by restoration of serotonin receptors that control selective glutamate release from C-afferent fibers in ovariectomized rats and by normalization of sodium channel expression in damaged peripheral nerves. Serotonin receptors are reduced or eliminated by the relatively rapid reduction in estrogen during the postmenopausal period, and damaged nerves exhibit hyperexcitability due to abnormal expression of Na+ channel subtypes. In addition, in chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy, inhibition of signals related to transient receptor potential ankyrin-1 and melastatin-8 is proposed to participate in the anti-allodynic action of calcitonin. Further, an unknown calcitonin-dependent signal appears to be present in peripheral nervous tissues and may be activated by nerve injury, resulting in regulation of the excitability of primary afferents by control of sodium channel transcription in dorsal root ganglion neurons. The calcitonin signal in normal conditions may be non-functional because no target is present, and ovariectomy or nerve injury may induce a target. Moreover, it has been reported that calcitonin reduces serotonin transporter but increases serotonin receptor expression in the thalamus in ovariectomized rats. These data suggest that calcitonin could alleviate lower back pain in patients with osteoporosis or neuropathic pain by the alteration in receptor or channel expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akitoshi Ito
- 1 Laboratory for Pharmacology, Pharmaceuticals Research Center, Asahi Kasei Pharma Co. Ltd., Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Megumu Yoshimura
- 2 Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kumamoto Health Science University, Kumamoto, Japan
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Opposing Roles of Estradiol and Testosterone on Stress-Induced Visceral Hypersensitivity in Rats. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2018; 19:764-776. [PMID: 29496640 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic stress produces maladaptive pain responses, manifested as alterations in pain processing and exacerbation of chronic pain conditions including irritable bowel syndrome. Female predominance, especially during reproductive years, strongly suggests a role of gonadal hormones. However, gonadal hormone modulation of stress-induced pain hypersensitivity is not well understood. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that estradiol is pronociceptive and testosterone is antinociceptive in a model of stress-induced visceral hypersensitivity (SIVH) in rats by recording the visceromotor response to colorectal distention after a 3-day forced swim (FS) stress paradigm. FS induced visceral hypersensitivity that persisted at least 2 weeks in female, but only 2 days in male rats. Ovariectomy blocked and orchiectomy facilitated SIVH. Furthermore, estradiol injection in intact male rats increased SIVH and testosterone in intact female rats attenuated SIVH. Western blot analyses indicated estradiol increased excitatory glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 1 expression and decreased inhibitory metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 expression after FS in male thoracolumbar spinal cord. In addition, the presence of estradiol during stress increased spinal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression independent of sex. In contrast, testosterone blocked the stress-induced increase in BDNF expression in female rats. These data suggest that estradiol facilitates and testosterone attenuates SIVH by modulating spinal excitatory and inhibitory glutamatergic receptor expression. PERSPECTIVE SIVH is more robust in female rats. Estradiol facilitates whereas testosterone dampens the development of SIVH. This could partially explain the greater prevalence of certain chronic visceral pain conditions in women. An increase in spinal BDNF is concomitant with increased stress-induced pain. Pharmaceutical interventions targeting this molecule could provide promising alleviation of SIVH in women.
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Ross JL, Queme LF, Lamb JE, Green KJ, Jankowski MP. Sex differences in primary muscle afferent sensitization following ischemia and reperfusion injury. Biol Sex Differ 2018; 9:2. [PMID: 29298725 PMCID: PMC5751812 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-017-0163-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic pain conditions are more prevalent in women, but most preclinical studies into mechanisms of pain generation are performed using male animals. Furthermore, whereas group III and IV nociceptive muscle afferents provoke central sensitization more effectively than their cutaneous counterparts, less is known about this critical population of muscle nociceptors. Here, we compare the physiology of individual muscle afferents in uninjured males and females. We then characterize the molecular, physiological, and behavioral effects of transient ischemia and reperfusion injury (I/R), a model we have extensively studied in males and in females. METHODS Response properties and phenotypes to mechanical, thermal, and chemical stimulation were compared using an ex vivo muscle/nerve/dorsal root ganglia (DRG)/spinal cord recording preparation. Analyses of injury-related changes were also performed by assaying evoked and spontaneous pain-related behaviors, as well as mRNA expression of the affected muscle and DRGs. The appropriate analyses of variance and post hoc tests (with false discovery rate corrections when needed) were performed for each measure. RESULTS Females have more mechanically sensitive muscle afferents and show greater mechanical and thermal responsiveness than what is found in males. With I/R, both sexes show fewer cells responsive to an innocuous metabolite solution (ATP, lactic acid, and protons), and lower mechanical thresholds in individual afferents; however, females also possess altered thermal responsiveness, which may be related to sex-dependent changes in gene expression within the affected DRGs. Regardless, both sexes show similar increases in I/R-induced pain-like behaviors. CONCLUSIONS Here, we illustrate a unique phenomenon wherein discrete, sex-dependent mechanisms of primary muscle afferent sensitization after ischemic injury to the periphery may underlie similar behavioral changes between the sexes. Furthermore, although the group III and IV muscle afferents are fully developed functionally, the differential mechanisms of sensitization manifest prior to sexual maturity. Hence, this study illustrates the pressing need for further exploration of sex differences in afferent function throughout the lifespan for use in developing appropriately targeted pain therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Ross
- Department of Anesthesia, Division of Pain Management, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave MLC 6016, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Luis F Queme
- Department of Anesthesia, Division of Pain Management, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave MLC 6016, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Jordan E Lamb
- Department of Anesthesia, Division of Pain Management, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave MLC 6016, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Kathryn J Green
- Department of Anesthesia, Division of Pain Management, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave MLC 6016, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Michael P Jankowski
- Department of Anesthesia, Division of Pain Management, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave MLC 6016, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
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Kubo T, Tsuji S, Amano T, Yoshino F, Niwa Y, Kasahara K, Yoshida S, Mukaisho KI, Sugihara H, Tanaka S, Kimura F, Takahashi K, Murakami T. Effects of β-estradiol on cold-sensitive receptor channel TRPM8 in ovariectomized rats. Exp Anim 2017. [PMID: 28626113 PMCID: PMC5682346 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.17-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 8 (TRPM8) is associated
with sensitivity to cold sensation in mammals. A previous study demonstrated that TRPM8
was overexpressed in the skin of ovariectomized (OVX) rats due to the loss of estrogen. In
the present study, we investigated whether estrogen replacement restricts overexpression
of the TRPM8 channel in the skin of OVX rats. We divided 15 Sprague Dawley rats into three
groups: a non-operated group (NON-OPE), an ovariectomy group (OVX), and a group subjected
to estrogen replacement during 4 weeks beginning 7 days after ovariectomy (OVX + E2). Five
weeks later, TRPM8 channel mRNA and protein in lumbar skin were quantified by real-time
RT-PCR, protein ELISA, and immunohistochemistry. The OVX + E2 group exhibited a trend for
decreased expression of the TRPM8 channel in the lumbar skin in comparison with the OVX
group, whereas ELISA data and immunohistochemistry data and immunohistochemistry graphs
relating to TRPM8 protein did not show any obvious differences between the OVX group and
the OVX + E2 group. Estrogen replacement may restrict the overexpression of TRPM8 in the
dermis of OVX rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Kubo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-tsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Shunichiro Tsuji
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-tsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Tsukuru Amano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-tsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Fumi Yoshino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-tsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Yoko Niwa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-tsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Kyoko Kasahara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-tsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Saori Yoshida
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Diagnostic Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-tsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Mukaisho
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Diagnostic Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-tsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sugihara
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Diagnostic Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-tsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Sachiko Tanaka
- Department of Social Medicine, Division of Medical Statistics, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-tsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Fuminori Kimura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-tsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Kentaro Takahashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-tsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Takashi Murakami
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-tsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
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Gohar EY, Kasztan M, Becker BK, Speed JS, Pollock DM. Ovariectomy uncovers purinergic receptor activation of endothelin-dependent natriuresis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2017; 313:F361-F369. [PMID: 28468962 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00098.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently reported that natriuresis produced by renal medullary salt loading is dependent on endothelin (ET)-1 and purinergic (P2) receptors in male rats. Because sex differences in ET-1 and P2 signaling have been reported, we decided to test whether ovarian sex hormones regulate renal medullary ET-1 and P2-dependent natriuresis. The effect of medullary NaCl loading on Na+ excretion was determined in intact and ovariectomized (OVX) female Sprague-Dawley rats with and without ET-1 or P2 receptor antagonism. Isosmotic saline (284 mosmol/kgH2O) was infused in the renal medullary interstitium of anesthetized rats during a baseline urine collection period, followed by isosmotic or hyperosmotic saline (1,800 mosmol/kgH2O) infusion. Medullary NaCl loading significantly enhanced Na+ excretion in intact and OVX female rats. ETA+B or P2 receptor blockade did not attenuate the natriuretic effect of medullary NaCl loading in intact females, whereas ETA+B or P2 receptor blockade attenuated the natriuretic response to NaCl loading in OVX rats. Activation of medullary P2Y2 and P2Y4 receptors by UTP infusion had no significant effect in intact females but enhanced Na+ excretion in OVX rats. Combined ETA+B receptor blockade significantly inhibited the natriuretic response to UTP observed in OVX rats. These data demonstrate that medullary NaCl loading induces ET-1 and P2-independent natriuresis in intact females. In OVX, activation of medullary P2 receptors promotes ET-dependent natriuresis, suggesting that ovarian hormones may regulate the interplay between the renal ET-1 and P2 signaling systems to facilitate Na+ excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Y Gohar
- Cardio-Renal Physiology & Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Malgorzata Kasztan
- Cardio-Renal Physiology & Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Bryan K Becker
- Cardio-Renal Physiology & Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Joshua S Speed
- Cardio-Renal Physiology & Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - David M Pollock
- Cardio-Renal Physiology & Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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Inhibitory effect of estrogen receptor beta on P2X3 receptors during inflammation in rats. Purinergic Signal 2016; 13:105-117. [PMID: 27817132 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-016-9540-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) has been shown to play a therapeutic role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the mechanism underlying how ERβ exerts therapeutic effects and its relationship with P2X3 receptors (P2X3R) in rats with inflammation is not known. In our study, animal behavior tests, visceromotor reflex recording, and Western blotting were used to determine whether the therapeutic effect of ERβ in rats with inflammation was related with P2X3R. In complete Freund adjuvant (CFA)-induced chronic inflammation in rats, paw withdrawal threshold was significantly decreased which were then reversed by systemic injection of ERβ agonists, DPN or ERB-041. In 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis in rats, weight loss, higher DAI scores, increased visceromotor responses, and inflammatory responses were reversed by application of DPN or ERB-041. The higher expressions of P2X3R in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of CFA-treated rats and those in rectocolon and DRG of TNBS-treated rats were all decreased by injection of DPN or ERB-041. DPN application also inhibited P2X3R-evoked inward currents in DRG neurons from TNBS rats. Mechanical hyperalgesia and increased P2X3 expression in ovariectomized (OVX) CFA-treated rats were reversed by estrogen replacements. Furthermore, the expressions of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in DRG and spinal cord dorsal horn (SCDH) and c-fos in SCDH were significantly decreased after estrogen replacement compared with those of OVX rats. The ERK antagonist U0126 significantly reversed mechanical hyperalgesia in the OVX rats. These results suggest that estrogen may play an important therapeutic role in inflammation through down-regulation of P2X3R in peripheral tissues and the nervous system, probably via ERβ, suggesting a novel therapeutic strategy for clinical treatment of inflammation.
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Robarge JD, Duarte DB, Shariati B, Wang R, Flockhart DA, Vasko MR. Aromatase inhibitors augment nociceptive behaviors in rats and enhance the excitability of sensory neurons. Exp Neurol 2016; 281:53-65. [PMID: 27072527 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Although aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are commonly used therapies for breast cancer, their use is limited because they produce arthralgia in a large number of patients. To determine whether AIs produce hypersensitivity in animal models of pain, we examined the effects of the AI, letrozole, on mechanical, thermal, and chemical sensitivity in rats. In ovariectomized (OVX) rats, administering a single dose of 1 or 5mg/kg letrozole significantly reduced mechanical paw withdrawal thresholds, without altering thermal sensitivity. Repeated injection of 5mg/kg letrozole in male rats produced mechanical, but not thermal, hypersensitivity that extinguished when drug dosing was stopped. A single dose of 5mg/kg letrozole or daily dosing of letrozole or exemestane in male rats also augmented flinching behavior induced by intraplantar injection of 1000nmol of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP). To determine whether sensitization of sensory neurons contributed to AI-induced hypersensitivity, we evaluated the excitability of neurons isolated from dorsal root ganglia of male rats chronically treated with letrozole. Both small and medium-diameter sensory neurons isolated from letrozole-treated rats were more excitable, as reflected by increased action potential firing in response to a ramp of depolarizing current, a lower resting membrane potential, and a lower rheobase. However, systemic letrozole treatment did not augment the stimulus-evoked release of the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) from spinal cord slices, suggesting that the enhanced nociceptive responses were not secondary to an increase in peptide release from sensory endings in the spinal cord. These results provide the first evidence that AIs modulate the excitability of sensory neurons, which may be a primary mechanism for the effect of these drugs to augment pain behaviors in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason D Robarge
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States; Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.
| | - Djane B Duarte
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States; Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brazil.
| | - Behzad Shariati
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.
| | - Ruizhong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.
| | - David A Flockhart
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States; Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.
| | - Michael R Vasko
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.
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Abstract
There is a brief introductory summary of purinergic signaling involving ATP storage, release, and ectoenzymatic breakdown, and the current classification of receptor subtypes for purines and pyrimidines. The review then describes purinergic mechanosensory transduction involved in visceral, cutaneous, and musculoskeletal nociception and on the roles played by receptor subtypes in neuropathic and inflammatory pain. Multiple purinoceptor subtypes are involved in pain pathways both as an initiator and modulator. Activation of homomeric P2X3 receptors contributes to acute nociception and activation of heteromeric P2X2/3 receptors appears to modulate longer-lasting nociceptive sensitivity associated with nerve injury or chronic inflammation. In neuropathic pain activation of P2X4, P2X7, and P2Y12 receptors on microglia may serve to maintain nociceptive sensitivity through complex neural-glial cell interactions and antagonists to these receptors reduce neuropathic pain. Potential therapeutic approaches involving purinergic mechanisms will be discussed.
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Ceccarelli I, Fiorenzani P, Della Seta D, Aloisi AM. Perinatal 17α-ethinylestradiol exposure affects formalin-induced responses in middle-aged male (but not female) rats. Horm Behav 2015; 73:116-24. [PMID: 26159286 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
17α-Ethinylestradiol (EE), the main component of the contraceptive pill, is a synthetic estrogen found in rivers of the United States and Europe as an environmental contaminant. It is one of the most studied xenoestrogens due to its possible effect on the reproductive system. In the present study we evaluated the modulation of pain responses induced by formalin injection (licking, flexing, paw-jerk) in 8-month-old male and female offspring of female rats treated with two different doses of EE (4ng/kg/day or 400ng/kg/day) during pregnancy and lactation. Spontaneous behaviors and gonadal hormone levels were also determined. Both concentrations of EE induced an increase of pain behaviors in males only, i.e. higher flexing and licking of the formalin-injected paw than in OIL-exposed rats, during the second, inflammatory, phase of the formalin test. Grooming duration was increased by EE exposure in both males and females. Prenatal EE exposure (both concentrations) decreased estradiol plasma levels in the formalin-injected females but not in the males. These results underline the possibility that exposure to an environmental contaminant during the critical period of development can affect neural processes (such as those involved in pain modulation) during adulthood, indicating long-term changes in brain circuitry. However, such changes may be different in males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Ceccarelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro, 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Paolo Fiorenzani
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro, 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Daniele Della Seta
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro, 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Aloisi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro, 2, 53100 Siena, Italy.
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Deiteren A, van der Linden L, de Wit A, Ceuleers H, Buckinx R, Timmermans JP, Moreels TG, Pelckmans PA, De Man JG, De Winter BY. P2X3 receptors mediate visceral hypersensitivity during acute chemically-induced colitis and in the post-inflammatory phase via different mechanisms of sensitization. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123810. [PMID: 25885345 PMCID: PMC4401691 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Experiments using P2X3 knock-out mice or more general P2X receptor antagonists suggest that P2X3 receptors contribute to visceral hypersensitivity. We aimed to investigate the effect of the selective P2X3 antagonist A-317491 on visceral sensitivity under physiological conditions, during acute colitis and in the post-inflammatory phase of colitis. Methods Trinitrobenzene sulphonic-acid colitis was monitored by colonoscopy: on day 3 to confirm the presence of colitis and then every 4 days, starting from day 10, to monitor convalescence and determine the exact timepoint of endoscopic healing in each rat. Visceral sensitivity was assessed by quantifying visceromotor responses to colorectal distension in controls, rats with acute colitis and post-colitis rats. A-317491 was administered 30 min prior to visceral sensitivity testing. Expression of P2X3 receptors (RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry) and the intracellular signalling molecules cdk5, csk and CASK (RT-PCR) were quantified in colonic tissue and dorsal root ganglia. ATP release in response to colorectal distension was measured by luminiscence. Results Rats with acute TNBS-colitis displayed significant visceral hypersensitivity that was dose-dependently, but not fully, reversed by A-317491. Hypersenstivity was accompanied by an increased colonic release of ATP. Post-colitis rats also displayed visceral hypersensitivity that was dose-dependently reduced and fully normalized by A-317491 without increased release of ATP. A-317491 did not modify visceral sensitivity in controls. P2X3 mRNA and protein expression in the colon and dorsal root ganglia were similar in control, acute colitis and post-colitis groups, while colonic mRNA expression of cdk5, csk and CASK was increased in the post-colitis group only. Conclusions These findings indicate that P2X3 receptors are not involved in sensory signaling under physiological conditions whereas they modulate visceral hypersensitivity during acute TNBS-colitis and even more so in the post-inflammatory phase, albeit via different mechanisms of sensitization, validating P2X3 receptors as potential new targets in the treatment of abdominal pain syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemie Deiteren
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Laura van der Linden
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Anouk de Wit
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Hannah Ceuleers
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Roeland Buckinx
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Tom G. Moreels
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Antwerp University Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Paul A. Pelckmans
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Antwerp University Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Joris G. De Man
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Benedicte Y. De Winter
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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McKinnon BD, Bertschi D, Bersinger NA, Mueller MD. Inflammation and nerve fiber interaction in endometriotic pain. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2015; 26:1-10. [PMID: 25465987 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis is an extremely prevalent estrogen-dependent condition characterized by the growth of ectopic endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity, and is often presented with severe pain. Although the relationship between lesion and pain remains unclear, nerve fibers found in close proximity to endometriotic lesions may be related to pain. Also, women with endometriosis pain develop central sensitization. Endometriosis creates an inflammatory environment and recent research is beginning to elucidate the role of inflammation in stimulating peripheral nerve sensitization. In this review, we discuss endometriosis-associated inflammation, peripheral nerve fibers, and assess their potential mechanism of interaction. We propose that an interaction between lesions and nerve fibers, mediated by inflammation, may be important in endometriosis-associated pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett D McKinnon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Inselspital, Berne University Hospital, Effingerstrasse 102, Berne CH-3010, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Research, University of Berne, Murtenstrasse 35, Berne CH-3010, Switzerland.
| | - Dominic Bertschi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Inselspital, Berne University Hospital, Effingerstrasse 102, Berne CH-3010, Switzerland
| | - Nick A Bersinger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Inselspital, Berne University Hospital, Effingerstrasse 102, Berne CH-3010, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Research, University of Berne, Murtenstrasse 35, Berne CH-3010, Switzerland
| | - Michael D Mueller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Inselspital, Berne University Hospital, Effingerstrasse 102, Berne CH-3010, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Research, University of Berne, Murtenstrasse 35, Berne CH-3010, Switzerland
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Naderi A, Asgari AR, Zahed R, Ghanbari A, Samandari R, Jorjani M. Estradiol attenuates spinal cord injury-related central pain by decreasing glutamate levels in thalamic VPL nucleus in male rats. Metab Brain Dis 2014; 29:763-70. [PMID: 24879046 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-014-9570-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Central neuropathic pain (CNP) is a complicated medical problem that involves both the spinal and supraspinal regions of the central nervous system. Estrogen, a neuroprotective agent, has been considered a possible candidate for CNP treatment. In this study, we examined the effects of a single dose of 17β-estradiol on glutamate levels in the ventral posterolateral (VPL) nucleus of the rat thalamus. Furthermore, we determined whether there was a correlation between glutamate levels and neuropathic pain induced by unilateral electrolytic spinothalamic tract (STT) lesion. STT lesioning was performed in male Wistar rats at the T8-T9 vertebrae; rats were then administered 17β-estradiol (4 mg/kg, i.p.) 30 min after injury. Glutamate samples were collected using a microdialysis probe and quantified by high performance liquid chromatography. Mechanical allodynia (MA) and thermal hyperalgesia (TH) thresholds were measured pre-injury and 7, 14, and 28 days post-injury. We found that STT lesion significantly increased glutamate levels in the ipsilateral VPL nucleus 14 and 28 days post-injury; this was accompanied by allodynia and hyperalgesia in the hind paws of the rats. Administering 17β-estradiol to the rats decreased glutamate levels in the ipsilateral VPL nucleus and significantly increased MA and TH thresholds. These results suggest that glutamate in the VPL nucleus of the thalamus is involved in the pathology of neuropathic pain after STT injury; furthermore, 17β-estradiol may attenuate this neuropathic pain by decreasing glutamate levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asieh Naderi
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
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An G, Li W, Yan T, Li S. Estrogen rapidly enhances incisional pain of ovariectomized rats primarily through the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:10479-91. [PMID: 24921706 PMCID: PMC4100163 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150610479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2014] [Revised: 05/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
It has become increasingly apparent that the pain threshold of females and males varies in an estrogen dependent manner. To investigate the modulation of pain by estrogen and the molecular mechanisms involved in this process. A total of 48 rats were ovariectomized (OVX). At 14 and 20 days after OVX, rats were divided into eight groups: groups 1–4 were administered drugs intravenously (IV); groups 5–8 were administered through intrathecal (IT) catheter. Hind paw incision was made in all animals to determine incisional pain. Paw withdraw threshold (PWT) was tested prior to and 24 h after incision. The test drugs were applied 24 h after the incision. Rats were either IV or IT administered with: 17-β-estradiol (E2), G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER)-selective agonist (G1), GPER-selective antagonist (G15) and E2 (G15 + E2), or solvent. Before and 30 min after IV drug administration and 20 min during the IT catheter administration, PWT was tested and recorded. 24 h after incisional surgery, the PWT of all rats significantly decreased. Both in the IV group and IT group: administration of E2 and G1 significantly decreased PWT. Neither administration of G15 + E2 nor solvent significantly changed PWT. Estrogen causes rapid reduction in the mechanical pain threshold of OVX rats via GPER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui An
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai 200080, China.
| | - Wenhui Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200090, China.
| | - Tao Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai 200080, China.
| | - Shitong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai 200080, China.
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Liu CY, Lu ZY, Li N, Yu LH, Zhao YF, Ma B. The role of large-conductance, calcium-activated potassium channels in a rat model of trigeminal neuropathic pain. Cephalalgia 2014; 35:16-35. [PMID: 24820887 DOI: 10.1177/0333102414534083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trigeminal neuralgia is a disorder of paroxysmal and severely disabling facial pain and continues to be a real therapeutic challenge. At present there are few effective drugs. Here the aim of this study was to investigate the role of BKCa channels in trigeminal neuropathic pain. METHODS Rats were divided into two groups: a sham and a chronic constriction injury of infraorbital branch of trigeminal nerve (ION-CCI) group. Nociceptive behavior testing, immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR, Western blotting and whole-cell patch clamp recording were used. RESULTS Relative to the sham group, rats with ION-CCI consistently displayed lower mechanical pain thresholds in the vibrissal pad region from day 6 to 42 after ION-CCI operation. ION-CCI induced a significant down-regulation of BKCa channels both in mRNA and protein levels in the ipsilateral trigeminal ganglion (TG), a lower threshold intensity of action potential, and decreased total BKCa currents in cultured TG neurons. TG target injection of NS1619 (20-100 µg), an opener of BKCa channels, dose-dependently increased the mechanical pain threshold, which was blocked by the BKCa channel inhibitor iberiotoxin (IbTX, 20 µg). NS1619 (10 µM) significantly increased the mean threshold intensities of action potentials in ION-CCI rats, while failing to affect those in the sham rats. The levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) in TG were significantly increased after ION-CCI operation. The ERK1/2 antagonist U0126, p38 antagonist SB203580 and JNK antagonist SP600125 significantly reversed the facial mechanical allodynia in ION-CCI rats. However, the ERK1/2 antagonist U0126, p38 antagonist SB203580 but not JNK antagonist SP600125 significantly increased BKCa currents in ION-CCI TG neurons. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate the important involvement of mainly ERK and p38 MAPK pathways in modulating BKCa channels in ION-CCI TG neurons. BKCa channels represent a new therapeutic target for the clinical treatment of trigeminal neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Yue Liu
- Department of Physiology and Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Ministry of Education, Second Military Medical University, PR China Department of Stomatology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, PR China
| | - Zhan-Ying Lu
- Department of Physiology and Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Ministry of Education, Second Military Medical University, PR China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Physiology and Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Ministry of Education, Second Military Medical University, PR China Department of Anesthesia, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, PR China
| | - Li-Hua Yu
- Department of Physiology and Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Ministry of Education, Second Military Medical University, PR China
| | - Yun-Fu Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, PR China
| | - Bei Ma
- Department of Physiology and Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Ministry of Education, Second Military Medical University, PR China
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Li LH, Wang ZC, Yu J, Zhang YQ. Ovariectomy results in variable changes in nociception, mood and depression in adult female rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94312. [PMID: 24710472 PMCID: PMC3978042 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Decline in the ovarian hormones with menopause may influence somatosensory, cognitive, and affective processing. The present study investigated whether hormonal depletion alters the nociceptive, depressive-like and learning behaviors in experimental rats after ovariectomy (OVX), a common method to deplete animals of their gonadal hormones. OVX rats developed thermal hyperalgesia in proximal and distal tail that was established 2 weeks after OVX and lasted the 7 weeks of the experiment. A robust mechanical allodynia was also occurred at 5 weeks after OVX. In the 5th week after OVX, dilute formalin (5%)-induced nociceptive responses (such as elevating and licking or biting) during the second phase were significantly increased as compared to intact and sham-OVX females. However, chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve-induced mechanical allodynia did not differ as hormonal status (e.g. OVX and ovarian intact). Using formalin-induced conditioned place avoidance (F-CPA), which is believed to reflect the pain-related negative emotion, we further found that OVX significantly attenuated F-CPA scores but did not alter electric foot-shock-induced CPA (S-CPA). In the open field and forced swimming test, there was an increase in depressive-like behaviors in OVX rats. There was no detectable impairment of spatial performance by Morris water maze task in OVX rats up to 5 weeks after surgery. Estrogen replacement retrieved OVX-induced nociceptive hypersensitivity and depressive-like behaviors. This is the first study to investigate the impacts of ovarian removal on nociceptive perception, negative emotion, depressive-like behaviors and spatial learning in adult female rats in a uniform and standard way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hong Li
- Institute of Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhe-Chen Wang
- Institute of Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Yu
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Shanghai Medical Colloge, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Qiu Zhang
- Institute of Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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33
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Traub RJ, Ji Y. Sex differences and hormonal modulation of deep tissue pain. Front Neuroendocrinol 2013; 34:350-66. [PMID: 23872333 PMCID: PMC3830473 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2013.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Women disproportionately suffer from many deep tissue pain conditions. Experimental studies show that women have lower pain thresholds, higher pain ratings and less tolerance to a range of painful stimuli. Most clinical and epidemiological reports suggest female gonadal hormones modulate pain for some, but not all, conditions. Similarly, animal studies support greater nociceptive sensitivity in females in many deep tissue pain models. Gonadal hormones modulate responses in primary afferents, dorsal horn neurons and supraspinal sites, but the direction of modulation is variable. This review will examine sex differences in deep tissue pain in humans and animals focusing on the role of gonadal hormones (mainly estradiol) as an underlying component of the modulation of pain sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Traub
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland Baltimore, 650 W. Baltimore St., 8 South, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Center for Pain Studies, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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Amandusson Å, Blomqvist A. Estrogenic influences in pain processing. Front Neuroendocrinol 2013; 34:329-49. [PMID: 23817054 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Gonadal hormones not only play a pivotal role in reproductive behavior and sexual differentiation, they also contribute to thermoregulation, feeding, memory, neuronal survival, and the perception of somatosensory stimuli. Numerous studies on both animals and human subjects have also demonstrated the potential effects of gonadal hormones, such as estrogens, on pain transmission. These effects most likely involve multiple neuroanatomical circuits as well as diverse neurochemical systems and they therefore need to be evaluated specifically to determine the localization and intrinsic characteristics of the neurons engaged. The aim of this review is to summarize the morphological as well as biochemical evidence in support for gonadal hormone modulation of nociceptive processing, with particular focus on estrogens and spinal cord mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åsa Amandusson
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Lu Y, Jiang Q, Yu L, Lu ZY, Meng SP, Su D, Burnstock G, Ma B. 17β-estradiol rapidly attenuates P2X3 receptor-mediated peripheral pain signal transduction via ERα and GPR30. Endocrinology 2013; 154:2421-33. [PMID: 23610132 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-2119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen has been reported to affect pain perception, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this investigation, pain behavior testing, patch clamp recording, and immunohistochemistry were used on rats and transgenic mice to determine which estrogen receptors (ERs) and the related signaling pathway are involved in the rapid modulation of estrogen on P2X3 receptor-mediated events. The results showed that 17β-estradiol (E2) rapidly inhibited pain induced by α,β-methylene ATP (α,β-me-ATP), a P2X1 and P2X3 receptor agonist in ovariectomized rats and normal rats in diestrus. The ERα agonist 4,49,499-(4-propyl-[1H]-pyrazole-1,3,5-triyl) trisphenol (PPT) and G protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30) agonist G-1 mimicked the estrogen effect, whereas the ERβ agonist diarylpropionitrile (DPN) had no effect. In cultured rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, PPT and G-1 but not DPN significantly attenuated α,β-me-ATP-mediated currents, with the dose-response curve of these currents shifted to the right. The inhibitory effect of E2 on P2X3 currents was blocked by G-15, a selective antagonist to the GPR30 estrogen receptor. E2 lacked this effect in DRG neurons from ERα-knockout mice but partly remained in those from ERβ-knockout mice. The P2X3 and GPR30 receptors were coexpressed in the rat DRG neurons. Furthermore, the ERK1/2 inhibitor U0126 reversed the inhibitory effect of E2 on α,β-me-ATP-induced pain and of PPT or G-1 on P2X3 receptor-mediated currents. The cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA) agonist forskolin, but not the PKC agonist phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA), mimicked the estrogen-inhibitory effect on P2X3 receptor currents, which was blocked by another ERK1/2 inhibitor, PD98059. These results suggest that estrogen regulates P2X3-mediated peripheral pain by acting on ERα and GPR30 receptors expressed in primary afferent neurons, which probably involves the intracellular cAMP-PKA-ERK1/2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lu
- Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
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Saghaei E, Abbaszadeh F, Naseri K, Ghorbanpoor S, Afhami M, Haeri A, Rahimi F, Jorjani M. Estradiol attenuates spinal cord injury-induced pain by suppressing microglial activation in thalamic VPL nuclei of rats. Neurosci Res 2013; 75:316-23. [PMID: 23419864 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2013.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2012] [Revised: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In our previous study we showed that central pain syndrome (CPS) induced by electrolytic injury caused in the unilateral spinothalamic tract (STT) is a concomitant of glial alteration at the site of injury. Here, we investigated the activity of glial cells in thalamic ventral posterolateral nuclei (VPL) and their contribution to CPS. We also examined whether post-injury administration of a pharmacological dose of estradiol can attenuate CPS and associated molecular changes. Based on the results,in the ipsilateral VPL the microglial phenotype switched o hyperactive mode and Iba1 expression was increased significantly on days 21 and 28 post-injury. The same feature was observed in contralateral VPL on day 28 (P<.05). These changes were strongly correlated with the onset of CPS (r(2)=0.670). STT injury did not induce significant astroglial response in both ipsilateral and contralateral VPL. Estradiol attenuated bilateral mechanical hypersensitivity 14 days after STT lesion (P<.05). Estradiol also suppressed microglial activation in the VPL. Taken together, these findings indicate that selective STT lesion induces bilateral microglia activation in VPL which might contribute to mechanical hypersensitivity. Furthermore, a pharmacological dose of estradiol reduces central pain possibly via suppression of glial activity in VPL region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Saghaei
- Department of Pharmacology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Evin, Tehran, Iran.
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Hendrich J, Alvarez P, Joseph EK, Ferrari LF, Chen X, Levine JD. In vivo and in vitro comparison of female and male nociceptors. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2012; 13:1224-31. [PMID: 23146406 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2012.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Revised: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED While it is generally accepted that women have lower pain thresholds for diverse forms of noxious stimuli, the mechanistic basis for this sexual dimorphism in nociceptive pain remains to be elucidated. We confirmed, in the rat, that females have lower cutaneous mechanical nociceptive thresholds and established a similar sexual dimorphism in muscle. To determine if a peripheral mechanism underlies this sexual dimorphism in pain threshold, we compared biophysical properties of cultured dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons that innervated the gastrocnemius muscle in female and male rats. DRG neurons from female rats, which innervated the gastrocnemius muscle, had a more hyperpolarized resting membrane potential. To determine if this was associated with a higher mechanical nociceptive threshold, in contradiction to our working hypothesis, we compared the function, in vivo, of nociceptive afferents innervating the gastrocnemius muscle in male and female rats. C-fiber nociceptors innervating muscle in female rats had higher mechanical thresholds than those in males. Other response characteristics of these nociceptors were not significantly different. Thus, both in vitro and in vivo electrophysiology experiments support the idea that lower mechanical nociceptive threshold in females may be due to sexual dimorphism in central nervous system mechanisms, a difference large enough to overcome an opposing difference in peripheral pain mechanisms. PERSPECTIVE This article unifies in vivo and in vitro electrophysiology with behavioral data examining the differences in mechanical nociceptive threshold between male and female rats. The data provide a novel perspective on the peripheral and behavioral outcomes of noxious mechanical stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Hendrich
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Lu Y, Li Z, Li HJ, Du D, Wang LP, Yu LH, Burnstock G, Chen A, Ma B. A comparative study of the effect of 17β-estradiol and estriol on peripheral pain behavior in rats. Steroids 2012; 77:241-9. [PMID: 22198527 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2011.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Revised: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Although estradiol has been reported to influence pain sensitivity, the role of estriol (an estradiol metabolite and another widely used female sex hormone) remains unclear. In this study, pain behavior tests, whole-cell patch clamp recording and Western blotting were used to determine whether estriol plays a role in pain signal transduction and transmission. Either systemic or local administration of 17β-estradiol produced a significant rise of mechanical pain threshold, while estriol lacked this effect in normal and ovariectomized (OVX) rats following estriol replacement. Local administration of 17β-estradiol or estriol significantly decreased ATP-induced spontaneous hind-paw withdrawal duration (PWD), which was blocked by an estrogen receptor antagonist, ICI 182, 780. However, systemic application of estriol in normal or OVX rats lacked this similar effect. In cultured dorsal root ganglion neurons, estriol attenuated α,β-methylene ATP-induced transient currents which were blocked by ICI 182, 780. In complete Freund's adjuvant treated (CFA) rats, systemic application of 17β-estradiol or estriol decreased the mechanical pain threshold significantly, but did not change the inflammatory process. Similar effects were observed after estriol replacement in OVX rats. The expression of c-fos in lumbosacral spinal cord dorsal horn (SCDH) was increased significantly by administration of 17β-estradiol but not estriol, and not by estriol replacement in OVX rats. These results suggest that 17β-estradiol but not estriol plays an anti-hyperalgesic role in physiological pain. However, both peripheral 17β-estradiol and estriol play anti-hyperalgesic roles in ATP-induced inflammatory pain. Systemic application of estriol as well as 17β-estradiol plays hyperalgesic roles in CFA-induced chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lu
- Department of Physiology and Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Ministry of Education, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China
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Interaction of purinergic receptors with GPCRs, ion channels, tyrosine kinase and steroid hormone receptors orchestrates cell function. Purinergic Signal 2011; 8:91-103. [PMID: 21887492 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-011-9260-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular purines and pyrimidines have emerged as key regulators of a wide range of physiological and pathophysiological cellular processes acting through P1 and P2 cell surface receptors. Increasing evidence suggests that purinergic receptors can interact with and/or modulate the activity of other classes of receptors and ion channels. This review will focus on the interactions of purinergic receptors with other GPCRs, ion channels, receptor tyrosine kinases, and steroid hormone receptors. Also, the signal transduction pathways regulated by these complexes and their new functional properties are discussed.
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