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Ploypetch S, Luo X, Zhao S, Roytrakul S, Li L, Suriyaphol G. Salivary metabolomic identification of biomarker candidates for oral melanoma and oral squamous cell carcinoma in dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2024; 38:2293-2304. [PMID: 38703129 PMCID: PMC11256132 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.17092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral melanoma (OM) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) are frequently diagnosed in dogs, presenting a challenge in distinguishing them from benign oral tumors (BN). Salivary metabolomic biomarkers offer a practical solution because of saliva's direct contact with tumors and the noninvasive nature of collection. OBJECTIVE Assess the diversity and abundance of the salivary metabolome in dogs with BN, OM, and OSCC using amine/phenol submetabolome analysis and high-performance chemical isotope labeling liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (CIL LC-MS). ANIMALS Study included 11 BN, 24 OM, 10 OSCC, and 20 healthy control dogs. METHODS Case-control cross-sectional study was conducted to assess salivary submetabolic profiles in dogs with BN, OM, and OSCC and healthy dogs. Samples were labeled with 12C-dansyl chloride and analyzed using CIL LC-MS targeted to amine- and phenol-containing metabolites for amine/phenol submetabolome analysis. RESULTS Distinct clusters and significant differences in metabolite concentrations were observed among the oral cancer, BN, and control groups. A total of 154 and 66 metabolites showed significantly altered concentrations, particularly in OM and OSCC, respectively, when compared with BN (Padj < .05). Potential metabolic biomarkers were identified for each cancer, including decreased concentrations of seryl-arginine and sarcosine in OSCC. Moreover, high-confidence putative metabolites were identified, including an increase in tryptophyl-threonine and a decrease in 1,2-dihydroxynapthalene-6-sulfonic acid and hydroxyprolyl-hydroxyproline for OM. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE We identified high coverage of the amine/phenol submetabolome, including seryl-arginine, and sarcosine, in OSCC. Our findings emphasize the potential of these biomarkers for distinguishing between oral OSCC and BN in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sekkarin Ploypetch
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary ScienceMahidol UniversityNakhon PathomThailand
| | - Xian Luo
- The Metabolomics Innovation CentreUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada
| | - Shuang Zhao
- The Metabolomics Innovation CentreUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyNational Science and Technology Development AgencyPathum ThaniThailand
| | - Liang Li
- The Metabolomics Innovation CentreUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada
| | - Gunnaporn Suriyaphol
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary ScienceChulalongkorn UniversityBangkokThailand
- Center of Excellence for Companion Animal Cancer, Faculty of Veterinary ScienceChulalongkorn UniversityBangkokThailand
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Schroers M, Reiser K, Alexander T, Zablotski Y, Meyer-Lindenberg A. Saliva Malondialdehyde Concentration of Dogs With and Without Periodontal Disease. J Vet Dent 2024:8987564241248042. [PMID: 38693764 DOI: 10.1177/08987564241248042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
The study investigated whether malondialdehyde (MDA), a biomarker for oxidative stress, can be used as a viable parameter in dog saliva for the diagnosis or early detection of periodontal disease (PD). Saliva MDA concentrations were measured preoperatively in dogs diagnosed with PD during dental prophylaxis and compared with those of dentally healthy dogs. 35 dogs were included in the study. The average MDA concentration was 270 ng/ml (range 27-633) in the dogs without PD (n = 10) and 183 (36-833) ng/ml (ng/ml) in the dogs with PD (n = 25). The maximum MDA concentration in the study group (PD ≥1) was 833 ng/ml, which was significantly higher than in the study group (PD = 0) (p<0.05). The study showed that salivary MDA concentrations could not distinguish between healthy dogs and those with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schroers
- Veterinary Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen, Munchen, Germany
| | - K Reiser
- Tierklinik Gessertshausen, Munich, Germany
| | - T Alexander
- Veterinary Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen, Munchen, Germany
| | - Y Zablotski
- Veterinary Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen, Munchen, Germany
| | - A Meyer-Lindenberg
- Veterinary Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen, Munchen, Germany
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de Souza HMR, Pereira TTP, de Sá HC, Alves MA, Garrett R, Canuto GAB. Critical Factors in Sample Collection and Preparation for Clinical Metabolomics of Underexplored Biological Specimens. Metabolites 2024; 14:36. [PMID: 38248839 PMCID: PMC10819689 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
This review article compiles critical pre-analytical factors for sample collection and extraction of eight uncommon or underexplored biological specimens (human breast milk, ocular fluids, sebum, seminal plasma, sweat, hair, saliva, and cerebrospinal fluid) under the perspective of clinical metabolomics. These samples are interesting for metabolomics studies as they reflect the status of living organisms and can be applied for diagnostic purposes and biomarker discovery. Pre-collection and collection procedures are critical, requiring protocols to be standardized to avoid contamination and bias. Such procedures must consider cleaning the collection area, sample stimulation, diet, and food and drug intake, among other factors that impact the lack of homogeneity of the sample group. Precipitation of proteins and removal of salts and cell debris are the most used sample preparation procedures. This review intends to provide a global view of the practical aspects that most impact results, serving as a starting point for the designing of metabolomic experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hygor M. R. de Souza
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, LabMeta—LADETEC, Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, Brazil;
| | - Tássia T. P. Pereira
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolucao, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil;
- Departamento de Biodiversidade, Evolução e Meio Ambiente, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Hanna C. de Sá
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador 40170-115, Brazil;
| | - Marina A. Alves
- Instituto de Pesquisa de Produtos Naturais Walter Mors, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-599, Brazil;
| | - Rafael Garrett
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, LabMeta—LADETEC, Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, Brazil;
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital—Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gisele A. B. Canuto
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador 40170-115, Brazil;
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Hwang BY, Seo JW, Muftuoglu C, Mert U, Guldaval F, Asadi M, Karakus HS, Goksel T, Veral A, Caner A, Moon MH. Salivary Lipids of Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Show Perturbation with Respect to Plasma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14264. [PMID: 37762567 PMCID: PMC10531690 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive lipid profile was analyzed in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) using nanoflow ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. This study investigated 297 and 202 lipids in saliva and plasma samples, respectively, comparing NSCLC patients to healthy controls. Lipids with significant changes (>2-fold, p < 0.05) were further analyzed in each sample type. Both saliva and plasma exhibited similar lipid alteration patterns in NSCLC, but saliva showed more pronounced changes. Total triglycerides (TGs) increased (>2-3-fold) in plasma and saliva samples. Three specific TGs (50:2, 52:5, and 54:6) were significantly increased in NSCLC for both sample types. A common ceramide species (d18:1/24:0) and phosphatidylinositol 38:4 decreased in both plasma and saliva by approximately two-fold. Phosphatidylserine 36:1 was selectively detected in saliva and showed a subsequent decrease, making it a potential biomarker for predicting lung cancer. We identified 27 salivary and 10 plasma lipids as candidate markers for NSCLC through statistical evaluations. Moreover, this study highlights the potential of saliva in understanding changes in lipid metabolism associated with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Young Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (B.Y.H.); (J.W.S.)
| | - Jae Won Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (B.Y.H.); (J.W.S.)
| | - Can Muftuoglu
- Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Basic Oncology, Ege University, Izmir 35040, Turkey; (C.M.); (M.A.)
- Translational Pulmonary Research Center, Ege University (EgeSAM), Izmir 35040, Turkey; (U.M.); (T.G.)
| | - Ufuk Mert
- Translational Pulmonary Research Center, Ege University (EgeSAM), Izmir 35040, Turkey; (U.M.); (T.G.)
- Ataturk Health Care Vocational School, Ege University, Izmir 35040, Turkey
| | - Filiz Guldaval
- Chest Disease Department, Izmir Dr. Suat Seren Chest Disease and Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Izmir 35170, Turkey;
| | - Milad Asadi
- Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Basic Oncology, Ege University, Izmir 35040, Turkey; (C.M.); (M.A.)
- Translational Pulmonary Research Center, Ege University (EgeSAM), Izmir 35040, Turkey; (U.M.); (T.G.)
| | | | - Tuncay Goksel
- Translational Pulmonary Research Center, Ege University (EgeSAM), Izmir 35040, Turkey; (U.M.); (T.G.)
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir 35040, Turkey;
| | - Ali Veral
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir 35040, Turkey;
| | - Ayse Caner
- Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Basic Oncology, Ege University, Izmir 35040, Turkey; (C.M.); (M.A.)
- Translational Pulmonary Research Center, Ege University (EgeSAM), Izmir 35040, Turkey; (U.M.); (T.G.)
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir 35040, Turkey
| | - Myeong Hee Moon
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (B.Y.H.); (J.W.S.)
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Grootveld M, Page G, Bhogadia M, Hunwin K, Edgar M. Updates and Original Case Studies Focused on the NMR-Linked Metabolomics Analysis of Human Oral Fluids Part III: Implementations for the Diagnosis of Non-Cancerous Disorders, Both Oral and Systemic. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13010066. [PMID: 36676991 PMCID: PMC9864626 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This communication represents Part III of our series of reports based on the applications of human saliva as a useful and conveniently collectable medium for the discovery, identification and monitoring of biomarkers, which are of some merit for the diagnosis of human diseases. Such biomarkers, or others reflecting the dysfunction of specific disease-associated metabolic pathways, may also be employed for the prognostic pathological tracking of these diseases. Part I of this series set the experimental and logistical groundwork for this report, and the preceding paper, Part II, featured the applications of newly developed metabolomics technologies to the diagnosis and severity grading of human cancer conditions, both oral and systemic. Clearly, there are many benefits, both scientific and economic, associated with the donation of human saliva samples (usually as whole mouth saliva) from humans consenting to and participating in investigations focused on the discovery of biomolecular markers of diseases. These include usually non-invasive collection protocols, relatively low cost when compared against blood sample collection, and no requirement for clinical supervision during collection episodes. This paper is centred on the employment and value of 'state-of-the-art' metabolomics technologies to the diagnosis and prognosis of a wide range of non-cancerous human diseases. Firstly, these include common oral diseases such as periodontal diseases (from type 1 (gingivitis) to type 4 (advanced periodontitis)), and dental caries. Secondly, a wide range of extra-oral (systemic) conditions are covered, most notably diabetes types 1 and 2, cardiovascular and neurological diseases, and Sjögren's syndrome, along with a series of viral infections, e.g., pharyngitis, influenza, HIV and COVID-19. Since the authors' major research interests lie in the area of the principles and applications of NMR-linked metabolomics techniques, many, but not all, of the studies reviewed were conducted using these technologies, with special attention being given to recommended protocols for their operation and management, for example, satisfactory experimental model designs; sample collection and laboratory processing techniques; the selection of sample-specific NMR pulse sequences for saliva analysis; and strategies available for the confirmation of resonance assignments for both endogenous and exogenous molecules in this biofluid. This article also features an original case study, which is focussed on the use of NMR-based salivary metabolomics techniques to provide some key biomarkers for the diagnosis of pharyngitis, and an example of how to 'police' such studies and to recognise participants who perceive that they actually have this disorder but do not from their metabolic profiles and multivariate analysis pattern-based clusterings. The biochemical and clinical significance of these multidimensional metabolomics investigations are discussed in detail.
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González-Arostegui LG, Rubio CP, Rubić I, Rafaj RB, Gotić J, Cerón JJ, Tvarijonaviciute A, Mrljak V, Muñoz-Prieto A. Changes in the salivary metabolome in canine hypothyroidism: A pilot study. Res Vet Sci 2022; 151:189-195. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Nam M, Jo SR, Park JH, Kim MS. Evaluation of critical factors in the preparation of saliva sample from healthy subjects for metabolomics. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 223:115145. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.115145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Haikonen R, Kärkkäinen O, Koistinen V, Hanhineva K. Diet- and microbiota-related metabolite, 5-aminovaleric acid betaine (5-AVAB), in health and disease. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2022; 33:463-480. [PMID: 35508517 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
5-Aminovaleric acid betaine (5-AVAB) is a trimethylated compound associated with the gut microbiota, potentially produced endogenously, and related to the dietary intake of certain foods such as whole grains. 5-AVAB accumulates within the metabolically active tissues and has been typically found in higher concentrations in the heart, muscle, and brown adipose tissue. Furthermore, 5-AVAB has been associated with positive health effects such as fetal brain development, insulin secretion, and reduced cancer risk. However, it also has been linked with some negative health outcomes such as cardiovascular disease and fatty liver disease. At the cellular level, 5-AVAB can influence cellular energy metabolism by reducing β-oxidation of fatty acids. This review will focus on the metabolic role of 5-AVAB with respect to both physiology and pathology. Moreover, the analytics and origin of 5-AVAB and related compounds will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Retu Haikonen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Olli Kärkkäinen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ville Koistinen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Life Technologies, Food Chemistry and Food Development Unit, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kati Hanhineva
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Life Technologies, Food Chemistry and Food Development Unit, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Updates and Original Case Studies Focused on the NMR-Linked Metabolomics Analysis of Human Oral Fluids Part I: Emerging Platforms and Perspectives. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12031235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
1H NMR-based metabolomics analysis of human saliva, other oral fluids, and/or tissue biopsies serves as a valuable technique for the exploration of metabolic processes, and when associated with ’state-of-the-art’ multivariate (MV) statistical analysis strategies, provides a powerful means of examining the identification of characteristic metabolite patterns, which may serve to differentiate between patients with oral health conditions (e.g., periodontitis, dental caries, and oral cancers) and age-matched heathy controls. This approach may also be employed to explore such discriminatory signatures in the salivary 1H NMR profiles of patients with systemic diseases, and to date, these have included diabetes, Sjörgen’s syndrome, cancers, neurological conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease, and viral infections. However, such investigations are complicated in view of quite a large number of serious inconsistencies between the different studies performed by independent research groups globally; these include differing protocols and routes for saliva sample collection (e.g., stimulated versus unstimulated samples), their timings (particularly the oral activity abstention period involved, which may range from one to 12 h or more), and methods for sample transport, storage, and preparation for NMR analysis, not to mention a very wide variety of demographic variables that may influence salivary metabolite concentrations, notably the age, gender, ethnic origin, salivary flow-rate, lifestyles, diets, and smoking status of participant donors, together with their exposure to any other possible convoluting environmental factors. In view of the explosive increase in reported salivary metabolomics investigations, in this update, we critically review a wide range of critical considerations for the successful performance of such experiments. These include the nature, composite sources, and biomolecular status of human saliva samples; the merits of these samples as media for the screening of disease biomarkers, notably their facile, unsupervised collection; and the different classes of such metabolomics investigations possible. Also encompassed is an account of the history of NMR-based salivary metabolomics; our recommended regimens for the collection, transport, and storage of saliva samples, along with their preparation for NMR analysis; frequently employed pulse sequences for the NMR analysis of these samples; the supreme resonance assignment benefits offered by homo- and heteronuclear two-dimensional NMR techniques; deliberations regarding salivary biomolecule quantification approaches employed for such studies, including the preprocessing and bucketing of multianalyte salivary NMR spectra, and the normalization, transformation, and scaling of datasets therefrom; salivary phenotype analysis, featuring the segregation of a range of different metabolites into ‘pools’ grouped according to their potential physiological sources; and lastly, future prospects afforded by the applications of LF benchtop NMR spectrometers for direct evaluations of the oral or systemic health status of patients at clinical ‘point-of-contact’ sites, e.g., dental surgeries. This commentary is then concluded with appropriate recommendations for the conduct of future salivary metabolomics studies. Also included are two original case studies featuring investigations of (1) the 1H NMR resonance line-widths of selected biomolecules and their possible dependence on biomacromolecular binding equilibria, and (2) the combined univariate (UV) and MV analysis of saliva specimens collected from a large group of healthy control participants in order to potentially delineate the possible origins of biomolecules therein, particularly host- versus oral microbiome-derived sources. In a follow-up publication, Part II of this series, we conduct censorious reviews of reported observations acquired from a diversity of salivary metabolomics investigations performed to evaluate both localized oral and non-oral diseases. Perplexing problems encountered with these again include those arising from sample collection and preparation protocols, along with 1H NMR spectral misassignments.
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Qu W, Chen Z, Hu X, Zou T, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Hu Y, Tian S, Wan J, Liao R, Bai L, Xue J, Ding Y, Hu M, Zhang XJ, Zhang X, Zhao J, Cheng X, She ZG, Li H. Profound Perturbation in the Metabolome of a Canine Obesity and Metabolic Disorder Model. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:849060. [PMID: 35620391 PMCID: PMC9128610 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.849060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine models are increasingly being used in metabolic studies due to their physiological similarity with humans. The present study aimed to identify changes in metabolic pathways and biomarkers with potential clinical utility in a canine model of obesity and metabolic disorders induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). Eighteen male beagles were included in this study, 9 of which were fed a HFD for 24 weeks, and the remaining 9 were fed normal chow (NC) during the same period. Plasma and urine samples were collected at weeks 12 and 24 for untargeted metabolomic analysis. Dogs fed a HFD showed a gradual body weight increase during the feeding period and had hyperlipidemia, increased leukocyte counts, and impaired insulin sensitivity at week 24. Plasma and urine metabonomics analysis displayed clear separations between the HFD-fed and NC-fed dogs. A total of 263 plasma metabolites varied between the two groups, including stearidonic acid, linolenic acid, carnitine, long-chain ceramide, 3-methylxanthine, and theophylline, which are mainly engaged in fatty acid metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, and caffeine metabolism. A total of 132 urine metabolites related to HFD-induced obesity and metabolic disorders were identified, including 3-methylxanthine, theophylline, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, and harmine, which participate in pathways such as caffeine metabolism and vitamin digestion and absorption. Eight metabolites with increased abundance (e.g., 3-methylxanthine, theophylline, and harmine) and 4 metabolites with decreased abundance (e.g., trigonelline) in both the plasma and urine of the HFD-fed dogs were identified. In conclusion, the metabolomic analysis revealed molecular events underlying a canine HFD model and identified several metabolites as potential targets for the prevention and treatment of obesity-related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Qu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ze Chen
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xing Hu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Toujun Zou
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongping Huang
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yufeng Hu
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Song Tian
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Wan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rufang Liao
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lan Bai
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinhua Xue
- Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yi Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Manli Hu
- Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Zhang
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University and Wuhan Third Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Xu Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Hongliang Li, ; Zhi-Gang She, ; Xu Cheng,
| | - Zhi-Gang She
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Hongliang Li, ; Zhi-Gang She, ; Xu Cheng,
| | - Hongliang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Hongliang Li, ; Zhi-Gang She, ; Xu Cheng,
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Cui Y, Yang M, Zhu J, Zhang H, Duan Z, Wang S, Liao Z, Liu W. Developments in diagnostic applications of saliva in Human Organ Diseases. MEDICINE IN NOVEL TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medntd.2022.100115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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12
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Herrala M, Turunen S, Hanhineva K, Lehtonen M, Mikkonen JJW, Seitsalo H, Lappalainen R, Tjäderhane L, Niemelä RK, Salo T, Myllymaa S, Kullaa AM, Kärkkäinen O. Low-Dose Doxycycline Treatment Normalizes Levels of Some Salivary Metabolites Associated with Oral Microbiota in Patients with Primary Sjögren's Syndrome. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11090595. [PMID: 34564411 PMCID: PMC8470364 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11090595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Saliva is a complex oral fluid, and plays a major role in oral health. Primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS), as an autoimmune disease that typically causes hyposalivation. In the present study, salivary metabolites were studied from stimulated saliva samples (n = 15) of female patients with pSS in a group treated with low-dose doxycycline (LDD), saliva samples (n = 10) of non-treated female patients with pSS, and saliva samples (n = 14) of healthy age-matched females as controls. Saliva samples were analyzed with liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) based on the non-targeted metabolomics method. The saliva metabolite profile differed between pSS patients and the healthy control (HC). In the pSS patients, the LDD treatment normalized saliva levels of several metabolites, including tyrosine glutamine dipeptide, phenylalanine isoleucine dipeptide, valine leucine dipeptide, phenylalanine, pantothenic acid (vitamin B5), urocanic acid, and salivary lipid cholesteryl palmitic acid (CE 16:0), to levels seen in the saliva samples of the HC. In conclusion, the data showed that pSS is associated with an altered saliva metabolite profile compared to the HC and that the LLD treatment normalized levels of several metabolites associated with dysbiosis of oral microbiota in pSS patients. The role of the saliva metabolome in pSS pathology needs to be further studied to clarify if saliva metabolite levels can be used to predict or monitor the progress and treatment of pSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Herrala
- Research Group of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland;
- Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland;
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland;
- Correspondence: ; Fax: +358-8-537-5560
| | - Soile Turunen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland; (S.T.); (M.L.); (O.K.)
| | - Kati Hanhineva
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland;
- Department of Life Technologies, Food Chemistry and Food Development Unit, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Marko Lehtonen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland; (S.T.); (M.L.); (O.K.)
| | - Jopi J. W. Mikkonen
- Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland;
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (R.L.); (S.M.)
| | | | - Reijo Lappalainen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (R.L.); (S.M.)
| | - Leo Tjäderhane
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland;
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Raija K. Niemelä
- Department of Rheumatology, Oulu University Hospital, 90220 Oulu, Finland;
| | - Tuula Salo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
- Translational Immunology Research Program (TRIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Sami Myllymaa
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (R.L.); (S.M.)
- Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, 70029 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Arja M. Kullaa
- Research Group of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland;
- Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland;
- Educational Dental Clinic, Kuopio University Hospital, 90220 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Olli Kärkkäinen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland; (S.T.); (M.L.); (O.K.)
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13
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Skogvold H, Sandås EM, Østeby A, Løkken C, Rootwelt H, Rønning PO, Wilson SR, Elgstøen KBP. Bridging the Polar and Hydrophobic Metabolome in Single-Run Untargeted Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Dried Blood Spot Metabolomics for Clinical Purposes. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:4010-4021. [PMID: 34296888 PMCID: PMC8397434 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Dried blood spot (DBS) metabolite analysis is a central tool for the clinic, e.g., newborn screening. Instead of applying multiple analytical methods, a single liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method was developed for metabolites spanning from highly polar glucose to hydrophobic long-chain acylcarnitines. For liquid chromatography, a diphenyl column and a multi-linear solvent gradient operated at elevated flow rates allowed for an even-spread resolution of diverse metabolites. Injecting moderate volumes of DBS organic extracts directly, in contrast to evaporation and reconstitution, provided substantial increases in analyte recovery. Q Exactive MS settings were also tailored for sensitivity increases, and the method allowed for analyte retention time and peak area repeatabilities of 0.1-0.4 and 2-10%, respectively, for a wide polarity range of metabolites (log P -4.4 to 8.8). The method's performance was suited for both untargeted analysis and targeted approaches evaluated in clinically relevant experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne
Bendiksen Skogvold
- National
Unit for Screening and Diagnosis of Congenital Pediatric Metabolic
Disorders, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Sognsvannsveien 20, Oslo 0372, Norway
- Department
of Mechanical, Electronic and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Technology,
Art and Design, Oslo Metropolitan University, Pilestredet 35, Oslo 0166, Norway
| | - Elise Mørk Sandås
- National
Unit for Screening and Diagnosis of Congenital Pediatric Metabolic
Disorders, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Sognsvannsveien 20, Oslo 0372, Norway
| | - Anja Østeby
- National
Unit for Screening and Diagnosis of Congenital Pediatric Metabolic
Disorders, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Sognsvannsveien 20, Oslo 0372, Norway
| | - Camilla Løkken
- National
Unit for Screening and Diagnosis of Congenital Pediatric Metabolic
Disorders, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Sognsvannsveien 20, Oslo 0372, Norway
| | - Helge Rootwelt
- Department
of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University
Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Sognsvannsveien 20, Oslo 0372, Norway
| | - Per Ola Rønning
- Department
of Mechanical, Electronic and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Technology,
Art and Design, Oslo Metropolitan University, Pilestredet 35, Oslo 0166, Norway
| | - Steven Ray Wilson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Sem Sælands vei 26, Oslo 0371, Norway
- Hybrid
Technology Hub-Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences,
Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Domus Medica, Gaustad, Sognsvannsveien
9, Oslo 0372, Norway
| | - Katja Benedikte Prestø Elgstøen
- National
Unit for Screening and Diagnosis of Congenital Pediatric Metabolic
Disorders, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Sognsvannsveien 20, Oslo 0372, Norway
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14
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Gawor JP, Wilczak J, Svensson UK, Jank M. Influence of Dietary Supplementation With a Powder Containing A.N. ProDen™ ( Ascophyllum Nodosum) Algae on Dog Saliva Metabolome. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:681951. [PMID: 34239914 PMCID: PMC8258245 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.681951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized study (designed according to evidence-based medicine standards) was to determine the effect of 30-day administration of powdered brown algae, Ascophyllum nodosum (ProDen PlaqueOff, SwedenCare AB, Sweden), on saliva metabolomes in dogs. Sixty client-owned dogs underwent professional dental cleaning and were randomly subdivided into two groups receiving daily powdered brown algae A. nodosum, or a placebo (microcrystalline cellulose in powder), adjusted to their bodyweight. After a comprehensive oral health assessment and professional dental cleaning, which were both performed under general anesthesia, clinical assessments for gingivitis, plaque, and calculus were conducted. Saliva samples were collected at Day 0 and Day 30 of supplementation. Whole saliva is a mixed fluid that is derived predominantly from the major salivary glands but it also contains numerous other constituents. Additionally, its composition varies on whether salivary secretion is basal or stimulated. Authors put efforts to avoid contamination of saliva by other constituents and character of saliva was basal. Quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) mass spectrometer was used to conduct analysis of the saliva samples. Metabolomic analyses identified clear changes after 30 days of supplementation, and the direction of these changes was completely different than in dogs that received a placebo treatment during the same period. The positive clinical effect of 30 days of A. nodosum supplementation on oral health status in dogs described in previous publication combined with the absence of some metabolites in the saliva of dogs on day 30 of supplementation suggest that brown algae inhibit or turn off some pathways that could enhance plaque or calculus development. The exact mechanism of A. nodosum is still unclear and warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacek Wilczak
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Physiological Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Michal Jank
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pre-Clinical Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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15
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Abstract
Introduction: Saliva is an ideal biofluid that can be collected in a noninvasive manner, enabling safe and frequent screening of various diseases. Recent studies have revealed that salivary metabolomics analysis has the potential to detect both oral and systemic cancers. Area covered: We reviewed the technical aspects, as well as applications, of salivary metabolomics for cancer detection. The topics include the effects of preconditioning and the method of sample collection, sample storage, processing, measurement, data analysis, and validation of the results. We also examined the rational relationship between salivary biomarkers and tumors distant from the oral cavity. A strategy to establish standard operating protocols for obtaining reproducible quantification data is also discussed Expert opinion: Salivary metabolomics reflects oral and systematic health status, which potently enables cancer detection. The sensitivity and specificity of each marker and their combinations have been well evaluated, but a validation study is required. Further, the standard operating protocol for each procedure should be established to obtain reproducible data before clinical usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Sugimoto
- Research and Development Centre for Minimally Invasive Therapies, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical University , Tokyo, Japan.,Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University , Yamagata, Japan
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