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He C, Liu F, Tao J, Wang Z, Liu J, Liu S, Xu X, Li L, Wang F, Yang X, Zhu H, Yang Z. A CAIX Dual-Targeting Small-Molecule Probe for Noninvasive Imaging of ccRCC. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:3383-3394. [PMID: 38831541 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX), a zinc metal transmembrane protein, is highly expressed in 95% of clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCCs). A positron emission tomography (PET) probe designed to target CAIX in nuclear medicine imaging technology can achieve precise positioning, is noninvasive, and can be used to monitor CAIX expression in lesions in real time. In this study, we constructed a novel acetazolamide dual-targeted small-molecule probe [68Ga]Ga-LF-4, which targets CAIX by binding to a specific amino acid sequence. After attenuation correction, the radiolabeling yield reached 66.95 ± 0.57% (n = 5) after 15 min of reaction and the radiochemical purity reached 99% (n = 5). [68Ga]Ga-LF-4 has good in vitro and in vivo stability, and in vivo safety and high affinity for CAIX, with a Kd value of 6.62 nM. Moreover, [68Ga]Ga-LF-4 could be quickly cleared from the blood in vivo. The biodistribution study revealed that the [68Ga]Ga-LF-4 signal was concentrated in the heart, lung, and kidney after administration, which was the same as that observed in the micro-PET/CT study. In a ccRCC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model, the signal significantly accumulated in the tumor after administration, where it was retained for up to 4 h. After competitive blockade with LF-4, uptake at the tumor site was significantly reduced. The SUVmax of the probe [68Ga]Ga-LF-4 at the ccRCC tumor site was three times greater than that in the PC3 group with low CAIX expression at 30 min (ccRCC vs PC3:1.86 ± 0.03 vs 0.62 ± 0.01, t = 48.2, P < 0.0001). These results indicate that [68Ga]Ga-LF-4 is a novel small-molecule probe that targets CAIX and can be used to image localized and metastatic ccRCC lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxue He
- Medical College, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Futao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Jinping Tao
- Medical College, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Zilei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Jiayue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Song Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Xiaoxia Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Liqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Xianteng Yang
- Medical College, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital,Anshun550002, China
| | - Hua Zhu
- Medical College, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Medical College, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
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Žvinys G, Petrosiute A, Zakšauskas A, Zubrienė A, Ščerbavičienė A, Kalnina Z, Čapkauskaitė E, Juozapaitienė V, Mickevičiu̅tė A, Shubin K, Grincevičienė Š, Raišys S, Tars K, Matulienė J, Matulis D. High-Affinity NIR-Fluorescent Inhibitors for Tumor Imaging via Carbonic Anhydrase IX. Bioconjug Chem 2024; 35:790-803. [PMID: 38750635 PMCID: PMC11191402 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.4c00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Tumor imaging and delivery of therapeutic agents may be achieved by designing high-affinity and high-selectivity compounds recognizing a tumor cell-expressing biomarker, such as carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX). The CAIX, overexpressed in many hypoxic solid tumors, helps adjust to the energy requirements of the hypoxic environment, reduces intracellular acidification, and participates in the metastatic invasion of adjacent tissues. Here, we designed a series of sulfonamide compounds bearing CAIX-recognizing, high-affinity, and high-selectivity groups conjugated via a PEG linker to near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probes used in the clinic for optically guided cancer surgery. We determined compound affinities for CAIX and other 11 catalytically active CA isozymes by the thermal shift assay and showed that the affinity Kd value of CAIX was in the subnanomolar range, hundred to thousand-fold higher than those of other CA isozymes. Similar affinities were also observed for CAIX expressed on the cancer cell surface in live HeLa cell cultures, as determined by the competition assay. The NIR-fluorescent compounds showed excellent properties in visualizing CAIX-positive tumors but not CAIX-negative knockout tumors in a nude mice xenograft model. These compounds would therefore be helpful in optically guided cancer surgery and could potentially be developed for anticancer treatment by radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gediminas Žvinys
- Department
of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology,
Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Agne Petrosiute
- Department
of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology,
Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Audrius Zakšauskas
- Department
of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology,
Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Asta Zubrienė
- Department
of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology,
Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Alvilė Ščerbavičienė
- Department
of Biological Models, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Zane Kalnina
- Latvian
Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites 1 k-1, Riga LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Edita Čapkauskaitė
- Department
of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology,
Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Vaida Juozapaitienė
- Department
of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology,
Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Aurelija Mickevičiu̅tė
- Department
of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology,
Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Kirill Shubin
- Latvian
Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, Riga LV-1006, Latvia
| | - Švitrigailė Grincevičienė
- Department
of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology,
Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Steponas Raišys
- Institute
of Photonics and Nanotechnology, National Center for Physical Sciences
and Technology, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 3, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Kaspars Tars
- Latvian
Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites 1 k-1, Riga LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Jurgita Matulienė
- Department
of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology,
Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Daumantas Matulis
- Department
of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology,
Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
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Zhu W, Li X, Zheng G, Bai C, Ji Z, Zhang H, Xing H, Zhang Y, Huo L. Preclinical and pilot clinical evaluation of a small-molecule carbonic anhydrase IX targeting PET tracer in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 50:3116-3125. [PMID: 37246998 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-023-06248-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) highly expresses carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX). The purpose of this study was to evaluate 68Ga-NY104, a small-molecule CAIX-targeting PET agent, in tumor models of ccRCC and patients diagnosed with confirmed, or suspicious, ccRCC. METHODS The in vivo and ex vivo biodistribution of 68Ga-NY104 was investigated in CAIX-positive OS-RC-2 xenograft-bearing models. The binding of the tracer was further validated using autoradiography for human ccRCC samples. In addition, three patients with confirmed or suspicious ccRCC were studied. RESULTS NY104 can be labeled with high radiochemical yield and purity. It quickly cleared through kidney with α-half-life of 0.15 h. Discernible uptake is noted in the heart, lung, liver, stomach, and kidney. The OS-RC-2 xenograft demonstrated intense uptake 5 min after injection and gradually increased until 3 h after injection with ID%/g of 29.29 ± 6.82. Significant binding was detected using autoradiography on sections of human ccRCC tumor. In the three patients studied, 68Ga-NY104 was well-tolerated and no adverse events were reported. Substantial accumulation was observed in both primary and metastatic lesions in patient 1 and 2 with SUVmax of 42.3. Uptake in the stomach, pancreas, intestine, and choroid plexus was noted. The lesion in third patient was correctly diagnosed as non-metastatic for negative 68Ga-NY104 uptake. CONCLUSION 68Ga-NY104 can efficiently and specifically bind to CAIX. Given the pilot nature of our study, future clinical studies are warranted to evaluate 68Ga-NY104 for detection of CAIX-positive lesions in patients with ccRCC. TRIAL REGISTRATION The clinical evaluation part of this study was retrospectively registered at ClinicalTrial.gov (NCT05728515) as NYPILOT on 6 Feb, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjia Zhu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Li
- Department of Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Guoyang Zheng
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Chunmei Bai
- Department of Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Zhigang Ji
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Haiqiong Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Haiqun Xing
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yushi Zhang
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Li Huo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Nerella SG, Singh P, Thacker PS, Arifuddin M, Supuran CT. PET radiotracers and fluorescent probes for imaging human carbonic anhydrase IX and XII in hypoxic tumors. Bioorg Chem 2023; 133:106399. [PMID: 36731297 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) and fluorescent imaging play a pivotal role in medical diagnosis, biomedical oncologic research, and drug development process, which include identification of target location, target engagement, but also prove on mechanism of action or pharmacokinetics of new drug candidates. PET estimates physiological changes at the molecular level using specific radiotracers containing a short-lived positron emitting radionuclide such as fluorine-18 or carbon-11, whereas fluorescent imaging techniques use fluorescent probes labeled with suitable drug candidates for detection at the molecular level. The human carbonic anhydrase (hCA) isoforms IX and XII are overexpressed in hypoxic cancer cells, promoting tumor growth by regulating extra/intracellular pH, ferroptosis, and metabolism, being recognized as promising targets for anticancer theranostic agents. In this review, we have focused on PET radiotracers as well as fluorescent probes for diagnosis and treatment of tumors expressing hCA IX and hCA XII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sridhar Goud Nerella
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology (NI & IR), National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 560 029, India.
| | - Priti Singh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - Pavitra S Thacker
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - Mohammed Arifuddin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India; Department of Chemistry, Directorate of Distance Education, Maulana Azad National Urdu University, Hyderabad, India
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Neurofarba Dept., Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
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Bolcaen J, Kleynhans J, Nair S, Verhoeven J, Goethals I, Sathekge M, Vandevoorde C, Ebenhan T. A perspective on the radiopharmaceutical requirements for imaging and therapy of glioblastoma. Theranostics 2021; 11:7911-7947. [PMID: 34335972 PMCID: PMC8315062 DOI: 10.7150/thno.56639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite numerous clinical trials and pre-clinical developments, the treatment of glioblastoma (GB) remains a challenge. The current survival rate of GB averages one year, even with an optimal standard of care. However, the future promises efficient patient-tailored treatments, including targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT). Advances in radiopharmaceutical development have unlocked the possibility to assess disease at the molecular level allowing individual diagnosis. This leads to the possibility of choosing a tailored, targeted approach for therapeutic modalities. Therapeutic modalities based on radiopharmaceuticals are an exciting development with great potential to promote a personalised approach to medicine. However, an effective targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) for the treatment of GB entails caveats and requisites. This review provides an overview of existing nuclear imaging and TRT strategies for GB. A critical discussion of the optimal characteristics for new GB targeting therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals and clinical indications are provided. Considerations for target selection are discussed, i.e. specific presence of the target, expression level and pharmacological access to the target, with particular attention to blood-brain barrier crossing. An overview of the most promising radionuclides is given along with a validation of the relevant radiopharmaceuticals and theranostic agents (based on small molecules, peptides and monoclonal antibodies). Moreover, toxicity issues and safety pharmacology aspects will be presented, both in general and for the brain in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Bolcaen
- Radiobiology, Radiation Biophysics Division, Nuclear Medicine Department, iThemba LABS, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Janke Kleynhans
- Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure NPC, Pretoria, South Africa
- Nuclear Medicine Department, University of Pretoria and Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Shankari Nair
- Radiobiology, Radiation Biophysics Division, Nuclear Medicine Department, iThemba LABS, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Ingeborg Goethals
- Ghent University Hospital, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mike Sathekge
- Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure NPC, Pretoria, South Africa
- Nuclear Medicine Department, University of Pretoria and Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Charlot Vandevoorde
- Radiobiology, Radiation Biophysics Division, Nuclear Medicine Department, iThemba LABS, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Thomas Ebenhan
- Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure NPC, Pretoria, South Africa
- Nuclear Medicine Department, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Iikuni S, Okada Y, Shimizu Y, Watanabe H, Ono M. Modulation of the Pharmacokinetics of a Radioligand Targeting Carbonic Anhydrase-IX with Albumin-Binding Moieties. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:966-975. [PMID: 33472371 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The expression of carbonic anhydrase-IX (CA-IX) in tumors can lead to a poor prognosis; thus, CA-IX has attracted much attention as a target molecule for cancer diagnosis and treatment. An 111In-labeled imidazothiadiazole sulfonamide (IS) derivative, [111In]In-DO3A-IS1, exhibited marked tumor accumulation but also marked renal accumulation, raising concerns about it producing a low signal/background ratio and a high radiation burden on the kidneys. In this study, four 111In-labeled IS derivatives, IS-[111In]In-DO2A-ALB1-4, which contained four different kinds of albumin binder (ALB) moieties, were designed and synthesized with the aim of improving the pharmacokinetics of [111In]In-DO3A-IS1. Their utility for imaging tumors that strongly express CA-IX was evaluated in mice. An in vitro binding assay of cells that strongly expressed CA-IX (HT-29 cells) was performed using acetazolamide as a competitor against CA-IX, and IS-[111In]In-DO2A-ALB1-4 did not exhibit reduced binding to HT-29 cells compared with [111In]In-DO3A-IS1. In contrast, IS-[111In]In-DO2A-ALB1-4 showed a greater ability to bind to human serum albumin than [111In]In-DO3A-IS1 in vitro. In an in vivo biodistribution study, the introduction of an ALB moiety into the 111In-labeled IS derivative markedly decreased renal accumulation and increased HT-29 tumor accumulation and blood retention. The pharmacokinetics of the IS derivatives varied depending on the substituted group within the ALB moiety. Single-photon emission computed tomography imaging with IS-[111In]In-DO2A-ALB1, which showed the highest tumor/kidney ratio in the biodistribution study, facilitated clear HT-29 tumor imaging, and no strong signals were observed in the normal organs. These results indicate that IS-[111In]In-DO2A-ALB1 may be an effective CA-IX imaging probe and that the introduction of ALB moieties may improve the pharmacokinetics of CA-IX ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimpei Iikuni
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yuya Okada
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yoichi Shimizu
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.,Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Watanabe
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ono
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Kumar S, Rulhania S, Jaswal S, Monga V. Recent advances in the medicinal chemistry of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 209:112923. [PMID: 33121862 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) is an enzyme and a very omnipresent zinc metalloenzyme which catalyzed the reversible hydration and dehydration of carbon dioxide and bicarbonate; a reaction which plays a crucial role in many physiological and pathological processes. Carbonic anhydrase is present in human (h) with sixteen different isoforms ranging from hCA I-hCA XV. All these isoforms are widely distributed in different tissues/organs and are associated with a range of pivotal physiological activities. Due to their involvement in various physiological roles, inhibitors of different human isoforms of carbonic anhydrase have found clinical applications for the treatment of various diseases including glaucoma, retinopathy, hemolytic anemia, epilepsy, obesity, and cancer. However, clinically used inhibitors of CA (acetazolamide, brinzolamide, dorzolamide, etc.) are not selective causing the undesirable side effects. One of the major hurdles in the design and development of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors is the lack of balanced isoform selectivity which thrived to new chemotypes. In this review, we have compiled the recent strategies of various researchers related to the development of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors belonging to different structural classes like pyrimidine, pyrazoline, selenourea, isatin, indole, etc. This review also summarizes the structure-activity relationships, analysis of isoform selectivity including mechanistic and in silico studies to afford ideas and to provide focused direction for the design and development of novel isoform-selective carbonic anhydrase inhibitors with therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Sandeep Rulhania
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Shalini Jaswal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Vikramdeep Monga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India.
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Iikuni S, Watanabe H, Shimizu Y, Nakamoto Y, Ono M. PET imaging and pharmacological therapy targeting carbonic anhydrase-IX high-expressing tumors using US2 platform based on bivalent ureidosulfonamide. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243327. [PMID: 33296398 PMCID: PMC7725290 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase-IX (CA-IX) is attracting much attention as a target molecule for cancer treatment since high expression of CA-IX can lead to a poor prognosis of patients. We previously reported low-molecular-weight 111In/90Y complexes with a bivalent ureidosulfonamide scaffold ([111In/90Y]In/Y-US2) as cancer radiotheranostic agents for single photon emission computed tomography and radionuclide-based therapy targeting CA-IX. Here, we applied the US2 platform to positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and pharmacological therapy targeting CA-IX high-expressing tumors by introducing 68Ga and natIn, respectively. In an in vitro cell binding assay, [67Ga]Ga-US2, an alternative complex of [68Ga]Ga-US2 with a longer half-life, markedly bound to CA-IX high-expressing (HT-29) cells compared with low-expressing (MDA-MB-231) cells. In a biodistribution study with HT-29 and MDA-MB-231 tumor-bearing mice, [67Ga]Ga-US2 showed accumulation in the HT-29 tumor (3.81% injected dose/g at 60 min postinjection) and clearance from the blood pool with time. PET with [68Ga]Ga-US2 clearly visualized the HT-29 tumor in model mice at 60 min postinjection. In addition, the administration of [natIn]In-US2 to HT-29 tumor-bearing mice led to tumor growth delay and prolonged mouse survival, while no critical toxicity was observed. These results indicate that [68Ga]Ga-US2 and [natIn]In-US2 may be useful imaging and therapeutic agents targeting CA-IX, respectively, and that US2 may serve as an effective cancer theranostic platform utilizing CA-IX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimpei Iikuni
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- * E-mail: (SI); (MO)
| | - Hiroyuki Watanabe
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoichi Shimizu
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuji Nakamoto
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ono
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- * E-mail: (SI); (MO)
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Burianova V, Kalinin S, Supuran CT, Krasavin M. Radiotracers for positron emission tomography (PET) targeting tumour-associated carbonic anhydrase isoforms. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 213:113046. [PMID: 33303236 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.113046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The tumour-associated, cell membrane-bound isoforms IX and XII of human carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) are overexpressed in cancer cells contributing to the hypoxic tumour pH/metabolism regulating machinery and as thus, can serve as markers of malignant neoplastic tissue. Inhibitors of CAs can be employed both for the treatment of hypoxic tumours and in the design of radiotracers for positron emission tomography and imaging of such cancers. The present review provides a comprehensive summary of the progress achieved to-date in the field of developing PET-tracers based on monoclonal antibodies, biomolecules, and small-molecule ligands of CA IX and XII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Burianova
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Stanislav Kalinin
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - Mikhail Krasavin
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia.
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10
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Busk M, Overgaard J, Horsman MR. Imaging of Tumor Hypoxia for Radiotherapy: Current Status and Future Directions. Semin Nucl Med 2020; 50:562-583. [PMID: 33059825 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2020.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Tumor regions that are transiently or chronically undersupplied with oxygen (hypoxia) and nutrients, and enriched with acidic waste products, are common due to an abnormal and inefficient tumor vasculature, and a deviant highly glycolytic energy metabolism. There is compelling evidence that tumor hypoxia is strongly linked to poor prognosis since oxygen-deprived cells are highly resistant to therapy including radio- and chemotherapy, and survival of such cells is a primary cause of disease relapse. Despite a general improvement in cancer survival rates, hypoxia remains a formidable challenge. Recent progress in radiation delivery systems with improved spatial accuracy that allows dose escalation to hypoxic tumors or even tumor subvolumes, and the development of hypoxia-selective drugs, including bioreductive prodrugs, holds great promise for overcoming this obstacle. However, apart from one notable exception, translation of promising preclinical therapies to the clinic have largely been disappointing. A major obstacle in clinical trials on hypoxia-targeting strategies has been the lack of reliable information on tumor hypoxia, which is crucial for patient stratification into groups of those that are likely to benefit from intervention and those who are not. Further, in many newer trials on hypoxia-selective drugs the choice of cancer disease and combination therapy has not always been ideal, especially not for clinical proof of principle trials. Clearly, there is a pending need for clinical applicable methodologies that may allow us to quantify, map and monitor hypoxia. Molecular imaging may provide the information required for narrowing the gap between potential and actual patient benefit of hypoxia-targeting strategies. The grand majority of preclinical and clinical work has focused on the usefulness of PET-based assessment of hypoxia-selective tracers. Since hypoxia PET has profound inherent weaknesses, the use of other methodologies, including more indirect methods that quantifies blood flow or oxygenation-dependent flux changes through ATP-generating pathways (eg, anaerobic glycolysis) is being extensively studied. In this review, we briefly discuss established and emerging hypoxia-targeting strategies, followed by a more thorough evaluation of strengths and weaknesses of clinical applicable imaging methodologies that may guide timely treatment intensification to overcome hypoxia-driven resistance. Historically, most evidence for the linkage between hypoxia and poor outcome is based on work in the field of radiotherapy. Therefore, main emphasis in this review is on targeting and imaging of hypoxia for improved radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Busk
- Experimental Clinical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital (AUH), Aarhus, Denmark; Danish Centre for Particle Therapy, (AUH), Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Jens Overgaard
- Experimental Clinical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital (AUH), Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Michael R Horsman
- Experimental Clinical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital (AUH), Aarhus, Denmark
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11
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Mowday AM, Copp JN, Syddall SP, Dubois LJ, Wang J, Lieuwes NG, Biemans R, Ashoorzadeh A, Abbattista MR, Williams EM, Guise CP, Lambin P, Ackerley DF, Smaill JB, Theys J, Patterson AV. E. coli nitroreductase NfsA is a reporter gene for non-invasive PET imaging in cancer gene therapy applications. Theranostics 2020; 10:10548-10562. [PMID: 32929365 PMCID: PMC7482819 DOI: 10.7150/thno.46826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of reporter genes to non-invasively image molecular processes inside cells has significant translational potential, particularly in the context of systemically administered gene therapy vectors and adoptively administered cells such as immune or stem cell based therapies. Bacterial nitroreductase enzymes possess ideal properties for reporter gene imaging applications, being of non-human origin and possessing the ability to metabolize a range of clinically relevant nitro(hetero)cyclic substrates. Methods: A library of eleven Escherichia coli nitroreductase candidates were screened for the ability to efficiently metabolize 2-nitroimidazole based positron emission tomography (PET) probes originally developed as radiotracers for hypoxic cell imaging. Several complementary methods were utilized to detect formation of cell-entrapped metabolites, including various in vitro and in vivo models to establish the capacity of the 2-nitroimidazole PET agent EF5 to quantify expression of a nitroreductase candidate. Proof-of-principle PET imaging studies were successfully conducted using 18F-HX4. Results: Recombinant enzyme kinetics, bacterial SOS reporter assays, anti-proliferative assays and flow cytometry approaches collectively identified the major oxygen-insensitive nitroreductase NfsA from E. coli (NfsA_Ec) as the most promising nitroreductase reporter gene. Cells expressing NfsA_Ec were demonstrably labelled with the imaging agent EF5 in a manner that was quantitatively superior to hypoxia, in monolayers (2D), multicellular layers (3D), and in human tumor xenograft models. EF5 retention correlated with NfsA_Ec positive cell density over a range of EF5 concentrations in 3D in vitro models and in xenografts in vivo and was predictive of in vivo anti-tumor activity of the cytotoxic prodrug PR-104. Following PET imaging with 18F-HX4, a significantly higher tumor-to-blood ratio was observed in two xenograft models for NfsA_Ec expressing tumors compared to the parental tumors thereof, providing verification of this reporter gene imaging approach. Conclusion: This study establishes that the bacterial nitroreductase NfsA_Ec can be utilized as an imaging capable reporter gene, with the ability to metabolize and trap 2-nitroimidazole PET imaging agents for non-invasive imaging of gene expression.
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12
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Strapcova S, Takacova M, Csaderova L, Martinelli P, Lukacikova L, Gal V, Kopacek J, Svastova E. Clinical and Pre-Clinical Evidence of Carbonic Anhydrase IX in Pancreatic Cancer and Its High Expression in Pre-Cancerous Lesions. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2005. [PMID: 32707920 PMCID: PMC7464147 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a common phenomenon that occurs in most solid tumors. Regardless of tumor origin, the evolution of a hypoxia-adapted phenotype is critical for invasive cancer development. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is also characterized by hypoxia, desmoplasia, and the presence of necrosis, predicting poor outcome. Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is one of the most strict hypoxia regulated genes which plays a key role in the adaptation of cancer cells to hypoxia and acidosis. Here, we summarize clinical data showing that CAIX expression is associated with tumor necrosis, vascularization, expression of Frizzled-1, mucins, or proteins involved in glycolysis, and inevitably, poor prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients. We also describe the transcriptional regulation of CAIX in relation to signaling pathways activated in pancreatic cancers. A large part deals with the preclinical evidence supporting the relevance of CAIX in processes leading to the aggressive behavior of pancreatic tumors. Furthermore, we focus on CAIX occurrence in pre-cancerous lesions, and for the first time, we describe CAIX expression within intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasia. Our review concludes with a detailed account of clinical trials implicating that treatment consisting of conventionally used therapies combined with CAIX targeting could result in an improved anti-cancer response in pancreatic cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Strapcova
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia; (S.S.); (M.T.); (L.C.); (L.L.); (J.K.)
| | - Martina Takacova
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia; (S.S.); (M.T.); (L.C.); (L.L.); (J.K.)
| | - Lucia Csaderova
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia; (S.S.); (M.T.); (L.C.); (L.L.); (J.K.)
| | - Paola Martinelli
- Institute of Cancer Research, Clinic of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
- Cancer Cell Signaling, Boehringer-Ingelheim RCV Vienna, A-1121 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lubomira Lukacikova
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia; (S.S.); (M.T.); (L.C.); (L.L.); (J.K.)
| | - Viliam Gal
- Alpha Medical Pathology, Ruzinovska 6, 82606 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Juraj Kopacek
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia; (S.S.); (M.T.); (L.C.); (L.L.); (J.K.)
| | - Eliska Svastova
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia; (S.S.); (M.T.); (L.C.); (L.L.); (J.K.)
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13
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Kulterer OC, Pfaff S, Wadsak W, Garstka N, Remzi M, Vraka C, Nics L, Mitterhauser M, Bootz F, Cazzamalli S, Krall N, Neri D, Haug AR. A Microdosing Study with 99mTc-PHC-102 for the SPECT/CT Imaging of Primary and Metastatic Lesions in Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients. J Nucl Med 2020; 62:360-365. [PMID: 32680925 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.120.245530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
99mTc-PHC-102 is a 99mTc-labeled derivative of acetazolamide, a high-affinity small organic ligand of carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX). 99mTc-PHC-102 has previously shown favorable in vivo biodistribution properties in mouse models of CAIX-positive clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and colorectal cancer. In this study, we aimed to explore the targeting performance of 99mTc-PHC-102 in SPECT in patients with renal cell carcinoma while also assessing the safety and tolerability of the radiotracer. Methods: We studied 5 patients with localized or metastatic ccRCC in a microdosing regimen, after the administration of a 50-μg total of CAIX ligand and 600-800 MBq of 99mTc-PHC-102. Tissue distribution and residence time in normal organs and tumors were analyzed by serial SPECT/CT scans at 3 time points (30 min, 2 h, and 6 h) after intravenous administration. Results: In the 5 patients studied, 99mTc-PHC-102 was well tolerated and no study drug-related adverse events were recorded. In the stomach, kidneys, and gallbladder, the radiotracer showed a rapid initial uptake, which cleared over time. Localization of the study drug in primary tumors of 5 patients was observed, with favorable tumor-to-background ratios. 99mTc-PHC-102 SPECT/CT allowed the identification of 4 previously unknown lung and lymph node metastases in 2 patients. Conclusion: 99mTc-PHC-102 is a promising SPECT tracer for the imaging of patients with ccRCC. This tracer has the potential to identify primary and metastatic lesions in different anatomic locations. 99mTc-PHC-102 might also serve as a companion diagnostic agent for future CAIX-targeting therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana C Kulterer
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sarah Pfaff
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Wadsak
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Center of Biomarker Research in Medicine, Graz, Austria
| | - Nathalie Garstka
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mesut Remzi
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Chrysoula Vraka
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Nics
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Mitterhauser
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Applied Diagnostics, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | - Dario Neri
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; and
| | - Alexander R Haug
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria .,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Applied Metabolomics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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14
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Iikuni S, Okada Y, Shimizu Y, Watanabe H, Ono M. Synthesis and evaluation of indium-111-labeled imidazothiadiazole sulfonamide derivative for single photon emission computed tomography imaging targeting carbonic anhydrase-IX. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127255. [PMID: 32527556 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase-IX (CA-IX) is a zinc enzyme overexpressed in the hypoxic regions of many types of solid tumors; therefore, in vivo imaging of CA-IX may contribute to cancer diagnosis. In this study, we newly designed and synthesized an 111In-labeled CA-IX imaging agent based on an imidazothiadiazole sulfonamide (IS) scaffold conjugated with a chelating moiety, DO3A ([111In]DO3A-IS1), and evaluated its utility for imaging of CA-IX high-expressing tumors. [111In]DO3A-IS1 was successfully synthesized at a 76% radiochemical yield by reacting its precursor with 111InCl3 in acetate buffer. In in vitro assays, [111In]DO3A-IS1 showed marked stability in murine plasma and greater binding to CA-IX high-expressing (HT-29) cells (118 ± 21% initial dose/mg protein) than CA-IX low-expressing (MDA-MB-231) cells (1.4 ± 0.3% initial dose/mg protein). Moreover, in an in vivo biodistribution assay, [111In]DO3A-IS1 showed marked accumulation in the HT-29 tumor (8.71 ± 1.41% injected dose/g at 24 h postinjection). In addition, in a single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) study, [111In]DO3A-IS1 clearly and selectively visualized the HT-29 tumor as compared with the MDA-MB-231 tumor. These results indicate that [111In]DO3A-IS1 may serve as a useful SPECT imaging agent with the novel scaffold targeting CA-IX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimpei Iikuni
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yuya Okada
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yoichi Shimizu
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Watanabe
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ono
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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15
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Goud NS, Joshi RK, Bharath RD, Kumar P. Fluorine-18: A radionuclide with diverse range of radiochemistry and synthesis strategies for target based PET diagnosis. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 187:111979. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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16
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Abstract
Cancer development is a complex process that follows an intricate scenario with a dynamic interplay of selective and adaptive steps and an extensive cast of molecules and signaling pathways. Solid tumor initially grows as an avascular bulk of cells carrying oncogenic mutations until diffusion distances from the nearest functional blood vessels limit delivery of nutrients and oxygen on the one hand and removal of metabolic waste on the other one. These restrictions result in regional hypoxia and acidosis that select for adaptable tumor cells able to promote aberrant angiogenesis, remodel metabolism, acquire invasiveness and metastatic propensity, and gain therapeutic resistance. Tumor cells are thereby endowed with capability to survive and proliferate in hostile microenvironment, communicate with stroma, enter circulation, colonize secondary sites, and generate metastases. While the role of oncogenic mutations initializing and driving these processes is well established, a key contribution of non-genomic, landscaping molecular players is still less appreciated despite they can equally serve as viable targets of anticancer therapies. Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) is one of these players: it is induced by hypoxia, functionally linked to acidosis, implicated in invasiveness, and correlated with therapeutic resistance. Here, we summarize the available experimental evidence supported by accumulating preclinical and clinical data that CA IX can contribute virtually to each step of cancer progression path via its enzyme activity and/or non-catalytic mechanisms. We also propose that targeting tumor cells that express CA IX may provide therapeutic benefits in various settings and combinations with both conventional and newly developed treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pastorekova
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Robert J Gillies
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Avenue, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
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17
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Yang X, Zhu H, Yang X, Li N, Huang H, Liu T, Guo X, Xu X, Xia L, Deng C, Tian X, Yang Z. Targeting CAIX with [ 64Cu]XYIMSR-06 Small Molecular Radiotracer Enables Noninvasive PET Imaging of Malignant Glioma in U87 MG Tumor Cell Xenograft Mice. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:1532-1540. [PMID: 30803240 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b01210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) plays an important role in glioma cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. An effective and noninvasive PET molecular imaging agent targeting CAIX would help its diagnosis and treatment but is not currently available. Recently, a low-molecular-weight (LMW) CAIX targeting agent, [64Cu]XYIMSR-06, was reported to have significantly improved properties for targeting clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). We are encouraged to investigate the feasibility of adapting this agent for the diagnosis and treatment of CAIX-overexpressing malignant glioma. In vitro cell uptake and binding affinity assays were used to verify the binding capacity of [64Cu]XYIMSR-06 to U87 MG tumor cells in which CAIX overexpression was confirmed. The U87 MG tumor-bearing mouse (in situ and subcutaneous) model was built, and mice were injected with the radiotracer and/or coinjected with acetazolamide (0.2 g/kg) as a blocking agent for noninvasive micro-PET imaging. Micro-PET imaging was performed at 2, 4, and 8 h postinjection. ROI (region of interest)-based semiquantification was performed in an orthotopic glioma tumor model. Biodistribution throughout each organ was performed at 2, 4, 4 h block, 8, and 24 h postinjection. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and immunofluorescence or immunohistochemistry (IF/IHC) staining were implemented postimaging to assess the expression of CAIX in tumor organs. In vitro, [64Cu]XYIMSR-06 exhibits greater uptake in glioma cells (high CAIX expression) than in HCT116 cells (low CAIX expression). The binding affinity of [64Cu]XYIMSR-06 to U87 MG cell lines reaches up to 4.22 nM. Both orthotopic and subcutaneous tumors were clearly visualized at 2-8 h postinjection. Biodistribution studies demonstrated a maximum tumor uptake of 3.13% ID/g at 4 h postinjection, and the tumor to brain ratio (T/brain) was 6.51 at 8 h postinjection. The ROI-based T/brain values were 7.03 and 5.46 at 2 and 8 h postinjection, respectively. Histopathological analysis confirmed the overexpression of CAIX in gliomas, and the area of CAIX-positive IF staining is extremely consistent with the morphology on micro-PET imaging. In this study, [64Cu]XYIMSR-06 demonstrated specific accumulation in CAIX-expressing U87 MG glioma tumors, indicating that the radiotracer has the potential for noninvasively monitoring and guiding personalized treatment of malignant glioma and other tumors overexpressing CAIX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianteng Yang
- Guizhou University School of Medicine , Guiyang , Guizhou 550025 , China.,Department of Orthopaedics , People's Hospital of Guizhou Province , Guiyang , Guizhou 550002 , China
| | - Hua Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Nuclear Medicine , Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute , Beijing 100142 , China
| | - Xing Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine , Peking University First Hospital , Beijing 100034 , China
| | - Nan Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Nuclear Medicine , Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute , Beijing 100142 , China
| | - Haifeng Huang
- Guizhou University School of Medicine , Guiyang , Guizhou 550025 , China.,Department of Orthopaedics , People's Hospital of Guizhou Province , Guiyang , Guizhou 550002 , China
| | - Teli Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Nuclear Medicine , Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute , Beijing 100142 , China
| | - Xiaoyi Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Nuclear Medicine , Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute , Beijing 100142 , China
| | - Xiaoxia Xu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Nuclear Medicine , Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute , Beijing 100142 , China
| | - Lei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Nuclear Medicine , Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute , Beijing 100142 , China
| | - Chaoyong Deng
- Guizhou University School of Medicine , Guiyang , Guizhou 550025 , China
| | - Xiaobin Tian
- Guizhou Medical University , Guiyang , Guizhou 550004 , China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Nuclear Medicine , Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute , Beijing 100142 , China
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18
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Fluorine-18 click radiosynthesis and microPET/CT evaluation of a small peptide-a potential PET probe for carbonic anhydrase IX. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:785-789. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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19
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Supuran CT. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors as emerging agents for the treatment and imaging of hypoxic tumors. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2018; 27:963-970. [PMID: 30426805 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2018.1548608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypoxic tumors overexpress two carbonic anhydrases (CA, EC 4.2.1.1), CA IX and XII, involved in complex processes connected to tumorigenesis (pH regulation, metabolism, invasion, and dissemination of the tumor). The biochemical rationale behind these processes is orchestrated by the transcription factor hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF-1). AREAS COVERED CA IX and XII have been validated as antitumor/antimetastatic drug targets and may be used for imaging hypoxic tumors. Many CA inhibitors (CAIs) belonging to the sulfonamide, coumarin and sulfocoumarin classes selectively inhibit these two isoforms. CA IX/XII inhibitors inhibit the growth of primary tumors and the formation of metastases and deplete the cancer stem cell population, alone or in combination with other agents. These are three beneficial antitumor mechanisms that make them unique among anticancer drugs available. EXPERT OPINION Indisulam entered clinical trials as an antitumor sulfonamide; it progressed to Phase II trials but was terminated in 2016. However, SLC-0111, a sulfonamide CA IX/XII inhibitor 1, recently completed a successful Phase I clinical trial for the treatment of advanced, metastatic solid tumors. This compound is now in Phase Ib/II clinical trials and is being assessed as a monotherapy or in combination with other agents such as gemcitabine. CA IX/XII inhibitors are synergistic with other anticancer agents (cisplatin, proton pump inhibitors, doxorubicin, temozolamide) and are a versatile, emerging class of antitumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudiu T Supuran
- a NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche , Università degli Studi di Firenze , Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze) , Italy
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20
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Chiaramonte N, Romanelli MN, Teodori E, Supuran CT. Amino Acids as Building Blocks for Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors. Metabolites 2018; 8:E36. [PMID: 29795039 PMCID: PMC6027070 DOI: 10.3390/metabo8020036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are a superfamily of metalloenzymes widespread in all life, classified into seven genetically different families (α⁻θ). These enzymes catalyse the reversible hydration of carbonic anhydride (CO₂), generating bicarbonate (HCO₃-) and protons (H⁺). Fifteen isoforms of human CA (hCA I⁻XV) have been isolated, their presence being fundamental for the regulation of many physiological processes. In addition, overexpression of some isoforms has been associated with the outbreak or progression of several diseases. For this reason, for a long time CA inhibitors (CAIs) have been used in the control of glaucoma and as diuretics. Furthermore, the search for new potential CAIs for other pharmacological applications is a very active field. Amino acids constitute the smallest fundamental monomers of protein and, due to their useful bivalent chemical properties, are widely used in organic chemistry. Both proteinogenic and non-proteinogenic amino acids have been extensively used to synthesize CAIs. This article provides an overview of the different strategies that have been used to design new CAIs containing amino acids, and how these bivalent molecules influence the properties of the inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niccolò Chiaramonte
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Maria Novella Romanelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Teodori
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
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21
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Iikuni S, Ono M, Watanabe H, Shimizu Y, Sano K, Saji H. Cancer radiotheranostics targeting carbonic anhydrase-IX with 111In- and 90Y-labeled ureidosulfonamide scaffold for SPECT imaging and radionuclide-based therapy. Theranostics 2018; 8:2992-3006. [PMID: 29896298 PMCID: PMC5996370 DOI: 10.7150/thno.20982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic cells dynamically translocate during tumor growth and after radiotherapy. The most desirable direction for therapy targeting hypoxic cells is combining imaging and therapy (theranostics), which may help realize personalized medicine. Here, we conducted cancer radiotheranostics targeting carbonic anhydrase-IX (CA-IX), which is overexpressed in many kinds of hypoxic cancer cells, using low-molecular-weight 111In and 90Y complexes with a bivalent ureidosulfonamide scaffold as the CA-IX-binding moiety ([111In/90Y]US2). Methods: The targeting ability of [111In]US2 was evaluated by in vivo biodistribution study in CA-IX high-expressing (HT-29) tumor-bearing mice. In vivo imaging of HT-29 tumors was carried out using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). [90Y]US2 was administered to HT-29 tumor-bearing mice to evaluate cancer therapeutic effects. Results: [111In]US2 highly and selectively accumulated within HT-29 tumors (4.57% injected dose/g tumor at 1 h postinjection), was rapidly cleared from the blood pool and muscle after 4 h based on a biodistribution study, and visualized HT-29 tumor xenografts in mice at 4 h postinjection with SPECT. Radionuclide-based therapy with [90Y]US2 significantly delayed HT-29 tumor growth compared with that of untreated mice (P = 0.02 on day 28, Student's t-test), without any critical hematological toxicity due to its rapid pharmacokinetics. Conclusion: These results indicate that cancer radiotheranostics with [111In/90Y]US2 provides a novel strategy of theranostics for cancer hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masahiro Ono
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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22
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Supuran CT, Alterio V, Di Fiore A, D' Ambrosio K, Carta F, Monti SM, De Simone G. Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase IX targets primary tumors, metastases, and cancer stem cells: Three for the price of one. Med Res Rev 2018; 38:1799-1836. [PMID: 29635752 DOI: 10.1002/med.21497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human carbonic anhydrase (CA) IX is a tumor-associated protein, since it is scarcely present in normal tissues, but highly overexpressed in a large number of solid tumors, where it actively contributes to survival and metastatic spread of tumor cells. Due to these features, the characterization of its biochemical, structural, and functional features for drug design purposes has been extensively carried out, with consequent development of several highly selective small molecule inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies to be used for different purposes. Aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive state-of-the-art of studies performed on this enzyme, regarding structural, functional, and biomedical aspects, as well as the development of molecules with diagnostic and therapeutic applications for cancer treatment. A brief description of additional pharmacologic applications for CA IX inhibition in other diseases, such as arthritis and ischemia, is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudiu T Supuran
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Anna Di Fiore
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini-CNR, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Fabrizio Carta
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
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23
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Minn I, Koo SM, Lee HS, Brummet M, Rowe SP, Gorin MA, Sysa-Shah P, Lewis WD, Ahn HH, Wang Y, Banerjee SR, Mease RC, Nimmagadda S, Allaf ME, Pomper MG, Yang X. [64Cu]XYIMSR-06: A dual-motif CAIX ligand for PET imaging of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:56471-56479. [PMID: 27437764 PMCID: PMC5302928 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is a cell surface enzyme that is over-expressed in approximately 95% of cases of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), the most common renal cancer. We synthesized and performed in vitro and in vivo evaluation of a dual-motif ligand, [64Cu]XYIMSR-06, for imaging CAIX expression on ccRCC tumors using positron emission tomography (PET). [64Cu]XYIMSR-06 was generated in yields of 51.0 ± 4.5% (n=5) and specific activities of 4.1 - 8.9 GBq/μmol (110-240 Ci/mmol). Tumor was visualized on PET images by 1 h post-injection with high tumor-to-background levels (>100 tumor-to-blood and -muscle) achieved within 24 h. Biodistribution studies demonstrated a maximum tumor uptake of 19.3% injected dose per gram of radioactivity at 4 h. Tumor-to-blood, -muscle and -kidney ratios were 129.6 ± 18.8, 84.3 ± 21.0 and 2.1 ± 0.3, respectively, at 8 h post-injection. At 24 h a tumor-to-kidney ratio of 7.1 ± 2.5 was achieved. These results indicate pharmacokinetics superior to those of previously reported imaging agents binding to CAIX. [64Cu]XYIMSR-06 is a new low-molecular-weight PET ligand targeting CAIX, which can image localized and metastatic ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il Minn
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Soo Min Koo
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hye Soo Lee
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mary Brummet
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Steven P Rowe
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael A Gorin
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Polina Sysa-Shah
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - William D Lewis
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hye-Hyun Ahn
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yuchuan Wang
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sangeeta Ray Banerjee
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ronnie C Mease
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sridhar Nimmagadda
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mohamad E Allaf
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Martin G Pomper
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xing Yang
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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24
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Lau J, Lin KS, Bénard F. Past, Present, and Future: Development of Theranostic Agents Targeting Carbonic Anhydrase IX. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:4322-4339. [PMID: 29158829 PMCID: PMC5695016 DOI: 10.7150/thno.21848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Theranostics is the integration of diagnostic information with pharmaceuticals to increase effectiveness and safety of cancer treatments. Nuclear medicine provides a non-invasive means to visualize drug target expression across primary and metastatic sites, and assess pharmacokinetics and efficacy of companion therapeutic agents. This is significant given the increasing recognition of the importance of clonal heterogeneity in treatment response and resistance. Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA-IX) has been advocated as an attractive diagnostic and therapeutic biomarker for targeting hypoxia in solid malignancies. CA-IX confers cancer cell survival under low oxygen tension, and is associated with increased propensity for metastasis. As such, CA-IX is overexpressed in a broad spectrum of cancers. Different classes of antigen recognition molecules targeting CA-IX including monoclonal antibodies, peptides, small molecule inhibitors, and antibody mimetics have been radiolabeled for imaging and therapeutic applications. cG250, a chimeric monoclonal antibody, has been labeled with an assortment of radionuclides (124I, 111In, 89Zr, 131I, 90Y, and 177Lu) and is the most extensively investigated CA-IX radiopharmaceutical. In recent years, there have been tremendous advancements made by the research community in developing alternatives to cG250. Although still in preclinical settings, several small molecule inhibitors and antibody mimetics hold great promise in improving the management of aggressive and resistant cancers.
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25
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Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibition and the Management of Hypoxic Tumors. Metabolites 2017; 7:metabo7030048. [PMID: 28926956 PMCID: PMC5618333 DOI: 10.3390/metabo7030048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia and acidosis are salient features of many tumors, leading to a completely different metabolism compared to normal cells. Two of the simplest metabolic products, protons and bicarbonate, are generated by the catalytic activity of the metalloenzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1), with at least two of its isoforms, CA IX and XII, mainly present in hypoxic tumors. Inhibition of tumor-associated CAs leads to an impaired growth of the primary tumors, metastases and reduces the population of cancer stem cells, leading thus to a complex and beneficial anticancer action for this class of enzyme inhibitors. In this review, I will present the state of the art on the development of CA inhibitors (CAIs) targeting the tumor-associated CA isoforms, which may have applications for the treatment and imaging of cancers expressing them. Small molecule inhibitors, one of which (SLC-0111) completed Phase I clinical trials, and antibodies (girentuximab, discontinued in Phase III clinical trials) will be discussed, together with the various approaches used to design anticancer agents with a new mechanism of action based on interference with these crucial metabolites, protons and bicarbonate.
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26
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Raccagni I, Valtorta S, Moresco RM, Belloli S. Tumour hypoxia: lessons learnt from preclinical imaging. Clin Transl Imaging 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40336-017-0248-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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27
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Heinzmann K, Carter LM, Lewis JS, Aboagye EO. Multiplexed imaging for diagnosis and therapy. Nat Biomed Eng 2017; 1:697-713. [PMID: 31015673 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-017-0131-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Complex molecular and metabolic phenotypes depict cancers as a constellation of different diseases with common themes. Precision imaging of such phenotypes requires flexible and tunable modalities capable of identifying phenotypic fingerprints by using a restricted number of parameters while ensuring sensitivity to dynamic biological regulation. Common phenotypes can be detected by in vivo imaging technologies, and effectively define the emerging standards for disease classification and patient stratification in radiology. However, for the imaging data to accurately represent a complex fingerprint, the individual imaging parameters need to be measured and analysed in relation to their wider spatial and molecular context. In this respect, targeted palettes of molecular imaging probes facilitate the detection of heterogeneity in oncogene-driven alterations and their response to treatment, and lead to the expansion of rational-design elements for the combination of imaging experiments. In this Review, we evaluate criteria for conducting multiplexed imaging, and discuss its opportunities for improving patient diagnosis and the monitoring of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Heinzmann
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Lukas M Carter
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Jason S Lewis
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Eric O Aboagye
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
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28
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van Kuijk SJ, Parvathaneni NK, Niemans R, van Gisbergen MW, Carta F, Vullo D, Pastorekova S, Yaromina A, Supuran CT, Dubois LJ, Winum JY, Lambin P. New approach of delivering cytotoxic drugs towards CAIX expressing cells: A concept of dual-target drugs. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 127:691-702. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Lv PC, Roy J, Putt KS, Low PS. Evaluation of Nonpeptidic Ligand Conjugates for the Treatment of Hypoxic and Carbonic Anhydrase IX-Expressing Cancers. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 16:453-460. [PMID: 27980101 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The majority of tumors contain regions of hypoxia, which cause marked phenotypic changes to resident cells. This altered gene expression often leads to increased resistance to anticancer treatments. Therefore, elimination of these resistant hypoxic cells is crucial to prevent disease recurrence. Herein, we describe the selective delivery of imaging and chemotherapeutic agents to cells expressing carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX), a highly upregulated hypoxia receptor. These agents were conjugated to a potent divalent CA IX ligand through a hydrophilic PEG linker. These conjugates are shown to bind CA IX-expressing cells in a receptor-dependent manner in vitro with mid-nanomolar affinities and in vivo with good tumor selectivity. In a mouse xenograft tumor model using HT-29 cells, a cytotoxic tubulysin B conjugate completely inhibited tumor growth. Overall, the targeting of a hypoxia marker, such as CA IX, to selectively deliver imaging or chemotherapeutic agents may lead to better treatment options for solid, hypoxic tumors. In addition, the combination of standard chemotherapeutics that are most potent in normoxic dividing cells and drugs specifically designed to eliminate hypoxic nondividing cells may elicit a superior clinical outcome. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(3); 453-60. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Cheng Lv
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Jyoti Roy
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Karson S Putt
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Philip S Low
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana.
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
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30
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) is found in numerous organisms across the tree of life, with seven distinct classes known to date. CA inhibition can be exploited for the treatment of edema, glaucoma, seizures, obesity, cancer and infectious diseases. A myriad of CA inhibitor (CAI) classes and inhibition mechanisms have been identified over the past decade, mainly through structure-based drug design approaches. Five different CA inhibition mechanisms are presently known. Areas covered: Recent advances in structure-based CAI design are reviewed, with periodic table-based organization of inhibitor classes. Expert opinion: Various structure-based drug design studies have led to deep understanding of factors governing tight binding and selectivity for the various isoforms. Carboxylic acids, phenols, polyamines, diols, borols, boronic acids, coumarins and sulfonamides represent successful stories which led to an anti-tumor sulfonamide in Phase I clinical trials (SLC-0111). For many inhibitor classes, no detailed crystallographic data are available. Detailed structural characterization of all CAI classes may lead to further advances in the field with potential therapeutic implications in the management of indications including neuropathic pain, cerebral ischemia, arthritis and tumor imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudiu T Supuran
- a Neurofarba Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche , Università degli Studi di Firenze , Sesto Fiorentino (Florence) , Italy
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31
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Yang X, Minn I, Rowe SP, Banerjee SR, Gorin MA, Brummet M, Lee HS, Koo SM, Sysa-Shah P, Mease RC, Nimmagadda S, Allaf ME, Pomper MG. Imaging of carbonic anhydrase IX with an 111In-labeled dual-motif inhibitor. Oncotarget 2016; 6:33733-42. [PMID: 26418876 PMCID: PMC4741798 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed a new scaffold for radionuclide-based imaging and therapy of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) targeting carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX). Compound XYIMSR-01, a DOTA-conjugated, bivalent, low-molecular-weight ligand, has two moieties that target two separate sites on CAIX, imparting high affinity. We synthesized [111In]XYIMSR-01 in 73.8–75.8% (n = 3) yield with specific radioactivities ranging from 118 – 1,021 GBq/μmol (3,200–27,600 Ci/mmol). Single photon emission computed tomography of [111In]XYIMSR-01 in immunocompromised mice bearing CAIX-expressing SK-RC-52 tumors revealed radiotracer uptake in tumor as early as 1 h post-injection. Biodistribution studies demonstrated 26% injected dose per gram of radioactivity within tumor at 1 h. Tumor-to-blood, muscle and kidney ratios were 178.1 ± 145.4, 68.4 ± 29.0 and 1.7 ± 1.2, respectively, at 24 h post-injection. Retention of radioactivity was exclusively observed in tumors by 48 h, the latest time point evaluated. The dual targeting strategy to engage CAIX enabled specific detection of ccRCC in this xenograft model, with pharmacokinetics surpassing those of previously described radionuclide-based probes against CAIX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Yang
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Il Minn
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Steven P Rowe
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sangeeta Ray Banerjee
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael A Gorin
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mary Brummet
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hye Soo Lee
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Soo Min Koo
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Polina Sysa-Shah
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ronnie C Mease
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sridhar Nimmagadda
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mohamad E Allaf
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Martin G Pomper
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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van Kuijk SJA, Gieling RG, Niemans R, Lieuwes NG, Biemans R, Telfer BA, Haenen GRMM, Yaromina A, Lambin P, Dubois LJ, Williams KJ. The Sulfamate Small Molecule CAIX Inhibitor S4 Modulates Doxorubicin Efficacy. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161040. [PMID: 27513947 PMCID: PMC4981362 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is a tumor-specific protein that is upregulated during hypoxic conditions where it is involved in maintaining the pH balance. CAIX causes extracellular acidification, thereby limiting the uptake of weak basic chemotherapeutic agents, such as doxorubicin, and decreasing its efficacy. The aim of this study was to determine if doxorubicin efficacy can be increased when combined with the selective sulfamate CAIX inhibitor S4. The effect of S4 on doxorubicin efficacy was tested in vitro using cell viability assays with MDA-MB-231, FaDu, HT29 –CAIX high and HT29 –CAIX low cell lines. In addition, the efficacy of this combination therapy was investigated in tumor xenografts of the same cell lines. The addition of S4 in vitro increased the efficacy of doxorubicin in the MDA-MB-231 during hypoxic exposure (IC50 is 0.25 versus 0.14 µM, p = 0.0003). Similar results were observed for HT29—CAIX high with S4 during normoxia (IC50 is 0.20 versus 0.08 µM, p<0.0001) and in the HT29 –CAIX low cells (IC50 is 0.09 µM, p<0.0001). In vivo doxorubicin treatment was only effective in the MDA-MB-231 xenografts, but the efficacy of doxorubicin was decreased when combined with S4. In conclusion, the efficacy of doxorubicin treatment can be increased when combined with the selective sulfamate CAIX inhibitor S4 in vitro in certain cell lines. Nevertheless, in xenografts S4 did not enhance doxorubicin efficacy in the FaDu and HT29 tumor models and decreased doxorubicin efficacy in the MDA-MB-231 tumor model. These results stress the importance of better understanding the role of CAIX inhibitors in intratumoral pH regulation before combining them with standard treatment modalities, such as doxorubicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon J A van Kuijk
- Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO Lab), GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Roben G Gieling
- Hypoxia and Therapeutics Group, Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Raymon Niemans
- Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO Lab), GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Natasja G Lieuwes
- Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO Lab), GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Rianne Biemans
- Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO Lab), GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Brian A Telfer
- Hypoxia and Therapeutics Group, Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Guido R M M Haenen
- Department of Toxicology, NUTRIM-School for Nutrition, Toxicology, and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ala Yaromina
- Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO Lab), GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Philippe Lambin
- Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO Lab), GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ludwig J Dubois
- Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO Lab), GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Kaye J Williams
- Hypoxia and Therapeutics Group, Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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33
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Sneddon D, Niemans R, Bauwens M, Yaromina A, van Kuijk SJA, Lieuwes NG, Biemans R, Pooters I, Pellegrini PA, Lengkeek NA, Greguric I, Tonissen KF, Supuran CT, Lambin P, Dubois L, Poulsen SA. Synthesis and in Vivo Biological Evaluation of 68Ga-Labeled Carbonic Anhydrase IX Targeting Small Molecules for Positron Emission Tomography. J Med Chem 2016; 59:6431-43. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Sneddon
- Eskitis
Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Raymon Niemans
- Maastricht
Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO Lab), GROW − School for Oncology
and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Medical Centre, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Bauwens
- Departments
of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ala Yaromina
- Maastricht
Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO Lab), GROW − School for Oncology
and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Medical Centre, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Simon J. A. van Kuijk
- Maastricht
Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO Lab), GROW − School for Oncology
and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Medical Centre, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Natasja G. Lieuwes
- Maastricht
Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO Lab), GROW − School for Oncology
and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Medical Centre, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Rianne Biemans
- Maastricht
Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO Lab), GROW − School for Oncology
and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Medical Centre, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ivo Pooters
- Departments
of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul A. Pellegrini
- LifeSciences
Division, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, New South Wales 2232, Australia
| | - Nigel A. Lengkeek
- LifeSciences
Division, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, New South Wales 2232, Australia
| | - Ivan Greguric
- LifeSciences
Division, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, New South Wales 2232, Australia
| | - Kathryn F. Tonissen
- Eskitis
Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Dipartimento
Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Polo Scientifico, Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Philippe Lambin
- Maastricht
Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO Lab), GROW − School for Oncology
and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Medical Centre, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ludwig Dubois
- Maastricht
Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO Lab), GROW − School for Oncology
and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Medical Centre, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sally-Ann Poulsen
- Eskitis
Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
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Lau J, Zhang Z, Jenni S, Kuo HT, Liu Z, Vullo D, Supuran CT, Lin KS, Bénard F. PET Imaging of Carbonic Anhydrase IX Expression of HT-29 Tumor Xenograft Mice with 68Ga-Labeled Benzenesulfonamides. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:1137-46. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Lau
- Department of Molecular
Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Zhengxing Zhang
- Department of Molecular
Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Silvia Jenni
- Department of Molecular
Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hsiou-Ting Kuo
- Department of Molecular
Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Zhibo Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Daniela Vullo
- Dipartimento Neurofarba and Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Dipartimento Neurofarba and Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Kuo-Shyan Lin
- Department of Molecular
Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department
of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - François Bénard
- Department of Molecular
Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department
of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Krall N, Pretto F, Mattarella M, Müller C, Neri D. A 99mTc-Labeled Ligand of Carbonic Anhydrase IX Selectively Targets Renal Cell Carcinoma In Vivo. J Nucl Med 2016; 57:943-9. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.115.170514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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New ways to image and target tumour hypoxia and its molecular responses. Radiother Oncol 2015; 116:352-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2015.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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37
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Lau J, Liu Z, Lin KS, Pan J, Zhang Z, Vullo D, Supuran CT, Perrin DM, Bénard F. Trimeric Radiofluorinated Sulfonamide Derivatives to Achieve In Vivo Selectivity for Carbonic Anhydrase IX–Targeted PET Imaging. J Nucl Med 2015. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.114.153288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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