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Luo J, Feng S, Li M, He Y, Deng Y, Cao M. Effect of magnetized water irrigation on Cd subcellular allocation and chemical forms in leaves of Festuca arundinacea during phytoremediation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 277:116376. [PMID: 38657453 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The application of an external magnetic field has been shown to improve the Cd phytoremediation efficiency of F. arundinacea by leaf harvesting. However, the influencing mechanisms of the promoting effect have not yet been revealed. This study evaluated variations in the Cd subcellular allocation and fractions in various F. arundinacea leaves, with or without magnetized water irrigation. Over 50 % of the metal were sequestered within the cell wall in all tissues under all treatments, indicating that cell wall binding was a critical detoxification pathway for Cd. After magnetized water treatment, the metal stored in the cytoplasm of roots raised from 33.1 % to 45.3 %, and the quantity of soluble Cd in plant roots enhanced from 53.4 % to 59.0 %. The findings suggested that magnetized water mobilized Cd in the roots, and thus drove it into the leaves. In addition, the proportion of Cd in the organelles, and the concentration of ethanol-extracted Cd in emerging leaves, decreased by 13.0 % and 47.1 %, respectively, after magnetized water treatment. These results explained why an external field improved the phytoextraction effect of the plant through leaf harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Luo
- Yangtze University, University Road, No.1, Wuhan, China
| | - Siyao Feng
- Yangtze University, University Road, No.1, Wuhan, China.
| | - Mingpo Li
- The South of Zhejiang Comprehensive Engineering Survey and Mapping Institute Co., Ltd, China
| | - Yue He
- Yangtze University, University Road, No.1, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuping Deng
- Yangtze University, University Road, No.1, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Cao
- University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
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2
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Chen F, Zhang W, Hua Z, Zhu Y, Jiang F, Ma J, Gómez-Oliván LM. Unlocking the phytoremediation potential of organic acids: A study on alleviating lead toxicity in canola (Brassica napus L.). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 914:169980. [PMID: 38215837 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.169980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Soil contamination with toxic heavy metals [such as lead (Pb)] is becoming a serious global problem due to the rapid development of the social economy. Organic chelating agents such as maleic acid (MA) and tartaric acid (TA) are more efficient, environmentally friendly, and biodegradable compared to inorganic chelating agents and they enhance the solubility, absorption, and stability of metals. To investigate this, we conducted a hydroponic experiment to assess the impact of MA (0.25 mM) and TA (1 mM) on enhancing the phytoremediation of Pb under its toxic concentration of 100 μM, using the oil seed crop canola (Brassica napus L.). Results from the present study showed that the Pb toxicity significantly (P < 0.05) decreased plant growth and biomass, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange attributes and nutritional contents from the roots and shoots of the plants. In contrast, toxic concentration of Pb significantly (P < 0.05) increased oxidative stress indicators in term of malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and electrolyte leakage, increased enzymatic and non-enzymatic antixoidants and their specific gene expression and also increased organic acid exudation patter in the roots of B. napus. In addition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that Pb toxicity significantly affected double membranous organelles while Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy showed an nveiled distinct peak variations in Pb-treated plants, when compared to control. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that Pb toxicity significantly affected double-membrane organelles, while Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy unveiled distinct peak variations in Pb-treated plants compared to the control. The negative impact of Pb toxicity can overcome the application of MA and TA, which ultimately increased plant growth and biomass by capturing the reactive oxygen species, and decreased oxidative stress in B. napus. With the application of MA and TA, the values of the bioaccumulation factor (BAF) and translocation factor (TF) exceeded 1, indicating that the use of MA and TA enhances the phytoremediation potential of B. napus under Pb stress conditions. This finding could be beneficial for field environment studies, especially when explored through in-depth genetic and molecular analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Chen
- School of Public Administration, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China; Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Mine Ecological Restoration, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221000, China.
| | - Wanyue Zhang
- School of Public Administration, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Ziyi Hua
- School of Public Administration, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Yanfeng Zhu
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Mine Ecological Restoration, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221000, China
| | - Feifei Jiang
- School of Public Administration, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Jing Ma
- School of Public Administration, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Leobardo Manuel Gómez-Oliván
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón, intersección Paseo Tollocan Col. Universidad, CP 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, México.
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3
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Ma H, Duan Z, Guo J, Zhu X, Shi X, Zhou W, Jiang M, Xiong J, Li T. Lead dissociation and redistribution properties of actual contaminated farmland soil after long-term EKAPR treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:9507-9524. [PMID: 36515753 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01450-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Electrokinetic-assisted phytoremediation (EKAPR) is a potential technology much affected by the metal species and accessibility to plant roots. In this study, Pb-contaminated red soil was remediated with Sedum plumbizincicola to investigate the changes in soil pH, available nutrients, dissociation and redistribution of Pb under a long-term periodic reversal direct-current electric field. This approach could effectively activate soil P, K, organic matter (OM) and Pb, without significant soil acidification; the effect was positively correlated with applied voltage. Soil Pb can be continuously dissociated, migrated, and tended to accumulate in the middle region. The maximum Pb removal rate in the anodic section of the EKAPR system was 21.4%, and the aggregation rate in middle regions was 14.4%, higher than the available Pb content of the original soil. The Pb desorption in aqueous solution increased significantly with increasing voltage, irrespective of the solution pH. At a voltage of 20 V, the Pb cumulative desorption content reached 91.1 mg kg-1 (pH = 7), which was 2.7 times than that without electric field (33.2 mg kg-1). Compared to original soil (2.80 mg kg-1) and the control (14.54 mg kg-1), the available Pb in the anode section of EKAPR system (20.66 mg kg-1) increased by 637.9% and 42.1%, respectively. These results indicated that except for the indirect influence of soil pH changes, electrodynamics can directly promote the bioavailability and dissociation of Pb at the soil-water interface. This finding provides a new perspective for further studies on the mechanism of Pb speciation evolution and accumulation changes using EKAPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Ma
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengyang Duan
- Department of Geography and Tourism Management, Chuxiong Normal University, Chuxiong, 675000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfang Guo
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Zhu
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuding Shi
- Faculty of Architectural Engineering, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyi Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Jiang
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Junfen Xiong
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianguo Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Zulkernain NH, Uvarajan T, Ng CC. Roles and significance of chelating agents for potentially toxic elements (PTEs) phytoremediation in soil: A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 341:117926. [PMID: 37163837 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Phytoremediation is a biological remediation technique known for low-cost technology and environmentally friendly approach, which employs plants to extract, stabilise, and transform various compounds, such as potentially toxic elements (PTEs), in the soil or water. Recent developments in utilising chelating agents soil remediation have led to a renewed interest in chelate-induced phytoremediation. This review article summarises the roles of various chelating agents and the mechanisms of chelate-induced phytoremediation. This paper also discusses the recent findings on the impacts of chelating agents on PTEs uptake and plant growth and development in phytoremediation. It was found that the chelating agents have increased the rate of metal absorption and translocation up to 45% from roots to the aboveground plant parts during PTEs phytoremediation. Besides, it was also explored that the plants may experience some phytotoxicity after adding chelating agents to the soil. However, due to the leaching potential of synthetic chelating agents, the use of organic chelants have been explored to be used in PTEs phytoremediation. Finally, this paper also presents comprehensive insights on the significance of using chelating agents through SWOT analysis to discuss the advantages and limitations of chelate-induced phytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Hanis Zulkernain
- China-ASEAN College of Marine Sciences, Xiamen University, Malaysia (XMUM), Sepang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; School of Postgraduate Studies, Research and Internationalisation, Faculty of Integrated Life Sciences, Quest International University, Malaysia
| | - Turkeswari Uvarajan
- School of Postgraduate Studies, Research and Internationalisation, Faculty of Integrated Life Sciences, Quest International University, Malaysia
| | - Chuck Chuan Ng
- China-ASEAN College of Marine Sciences, Xiamen University, Malaysia (XMUM), Sepang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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Chengatt AP, Sarath NG, Sebastian DP, Mohanan NS, Sindhu ES, George S, Puthur JT. Chelate assisted phytoextraction for effective rehabilitation of heavy metal(loid)s contaminated lands. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2022; 25:981-996. [PMID: 36148488 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2022.2124233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The contamination of lands and water by heavy toxic metal(loid)s is an environmental issue that needs serious attention as it poses a major threat to public health. The persistence of heavy metals/metalloids in the environment as well as their potentially dangerous effects on organisms underpins the need to restore the areas contaminated by heavy toxic metal(loid)s. Soil restoration can be achieved through a variety of different methods. Being more cost-effective and environmentally sustainable, phytoremediation has recently replaced traditional processes like soil washing and burning. Many plants have been intensively explored to eliminate various heavy metals from polluted soils through phytoextraction, which is a commonly used phytoremediation approach. The ability of chelants to enhance phytoextraction potential has also received wide attention owing to their ability to elevate the efficiency of plants in removing heavy metal(loid)s. Chelants have been found to improve plant growth and the activity of the defense system. Several chelants, either non-biodegradable or biodegradable, have been reported to augment the phytoextraction efficiencies of various plants. The problem of the leaching of heavy metal(loid)s and secondary pollution caused by non-biodegradable chelants can be overcome by the use of biodegradable chelants to an extent. This review is a brief report focusing on recent articles on chelate-assisted phytoextraction of heavy metal (loids) As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Hg, Ni, Pb, U, and Zn.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nair G Sarath
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Division, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, Kozhikode, India
| | | | | | - E S Sindhu
- Department of Botany, St. Joseph's College (Autonomous), Kozhikode, India
| | - Satheesh George
- Department of Botany, St. Joseph's College (Autonomous), Kozhikode, India
| | - Jos T Puthur
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Division, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, Kozhikode, India
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6
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Sharma P, Rathee S, Ahmad M, Batish DR, Singh HP, Kohli RK. Biodegradable chelant-metal complexes enhance cadmium phytoextraction efficiency of Solanum americanum. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:57102-57111. [PMID: 35344144 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19622-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Toxic contaminants (metals and metal-containing compounds) are accumulating in the environment at an astonishing rate and jeopardize human health. Remarkable industrial revolution and the spectacular economic growth are the prime causes for the release of such toxic contaminants in the environment. Cadmium (Cd) is ranked the 7th most toxic compound by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (USA), owing to its high carcinogenicity and non-biodegradability even at miniscule concentration. The present study assessed the efficiency of four biodegradable chelants [nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), ethylenediamine disuccinate (EDDS), ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA), and citric acid (CA)] and their dose (5 mM and 10 mM) in enhancing metal accumulation in Solanum americanum Mill. (grown under 24 mg Cd kg-1 soil) through morpho-physiological and metal extraction parameters. Significant variations were observed for most of the studied parameters in response to chelants and their doses. However, ratio of root and shoot length, and plant height stress tolerance index differed non-significantly. The potential of chelants to enhance Cd removal efficiency was in the order - EGTA (7.44%) > EDDS (6.05%) > NTA (4.12%) > CA (2.75%). EGTA and EDDS exhibited dose-dependent behavior for Cd extraction with 10 mM dose being more efficient than 5 mM dose. Structural equation model (SEM) depicted strong positive interaction of metal extraction parameters with chelants (Z-value = 11.61, p = 0.001). This study provides insights into the importance of selecting appropriate dose of biodegradable chelants for Cd extraction, as high chelant concentration might also result in phytotoxicity. In the future, phytoextraction potential of these chelants needs to be examined through field studies under natural environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padma Sharma
- Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
| | - Sonia Rathee
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
| | - Mustaqeem Ahmad
- Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
| | - Daizy R Batish
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
| | - Harminder P Singh
- Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India.
| | - Ravinder K Kohli
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
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7
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Wdowczyk A, Szymańska-Pulikowska A. Micro- and Macroelements Content of Plants Used for Landfill Leachate Treatment Based on Phragmites australis and Ceratophyllum demersum. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19106035. [PMID: 35627572 PMCID: PMC9141712 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19106035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
One of the key problems associated with the functioning of landfills is the generation of leachate. In order to reduce their negative impact on the environment, various treatment technologies are applied. Among them, solutions based on the use of phytotechnology deserve special attention. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of landfill leachate on the content of micro- and macroelements in plant material. The research was carried out in four municipal waste landfills located in Poland. Emergent macrophytes (P. australis) and submergent macrophytes (C. demersum) were used in this research. The migration and distribution of pollutants reaching the roots and shoots of P. australis from water solutions were also studied. The concentrations of heavy metals in the studied plants were low in all analysed cases. Higher metal contents could often be observed in roots rather than in shoots, but these differences were insignificant. The chemical composition of the studied plant samples was primarily related to the source of origin of the treated leachate (landfill), as clearly demonstrated by cluster analysis. In the conducted studies, no important differences were noted in the accumulation of the studied components between submergent plants (C. demersum) and emergent macrophytes (P. australis).
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8
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Pu S, Cai X, Wang W, Liu X, Li S, Fu J, Sun L, Ma J, Jiang M, Li X. NTA-assisted mineral element and lead transportation in Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro) Hack. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:20650-20664. [PMID: 34743308 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17306-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is one of the most toxic and harmful pollutants to the environment and human health. Centipedegrass (Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro) Hack.), an excellent ground cover plant for urban plant communities, exhibits the outstanding lead tolerance and accumulation. Nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) is an environmentally friendly chelating agent that strengthens phytoremediation. This study explored the effects of different NTA concentrations on the absorption and transportation of mineral elements and Pb in centipedegrass. Following exposure to Pb (500 μM) for 7 days in hydroponic nutrient solution, NTA increased root Mg, K, and Ca concentrations and shoot Fe, Cu, and Mg concentrations and significantly enhanced the translocation factors of mineral elements to the shoot. Although NTA notably decreased root Pb absorption and accumulation, it significantly enhanced Pb translocation factors, and the Pb TF value was the highest in the 2.0 mM NTA treatment. Furthermore, the shoot translocation of Pb and mineral elements was synergistic. NTA can support mineral element homeostasis and improve Pb translocation efficiency in centipedegrass. Regarding root radial transport, NTA (2.0 mM) significantly promoted Pb transport by the symplastic pathway under the treatments with low-temperature and metabolic inhibitors. Meanwhile, NTA increased apoplastic Pb transport at medium and high Pb concentrations (200-800 μM). NTA also enhanced the Pb radial transport efficiency in roots and thus assisted Pb translocation. The results of this study elucidate the effects of NTA on the absorption and transportation of mineral elements and Pb in plants and provide a theoretical basis for the practical application of the biodegradable chelating agent NTA in soil Pb remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyi Pu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinyi Cai
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- Pengzhou Planning and Natural Resources Bureau, Pengzhou, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xingke Liu
- Pengzhou Planning and Natural Resources Bureau, Pengzhou, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Shangguan Li
- Pengzhou Planning and Natural Resources Bureau, Pengzhou, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jingyi Fu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Lingxia Sun
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun Ma
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingyan Jiang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xi Li
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
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9
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Analysis of the Bacterial Biocenosis of Activated Sludge Treated with Leachate from Municipal Landfills. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031801. [PMID: 35162823 PMCID: PMC8835604 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The influx of toxic pollutants into wastewater treatment plants can negatively affect the quality of the activated sludge (AS). One source is landfill leachate. The identification of microorganisms present in AS is very important, e.g., while improving wastewater treatment technology. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the effect of raw leachate and after purification of Phragmites australis and Ceratophyllum demersum on the composition of the AS bacterial biocenosis. In addition, AS status was assessed by LIVE/DEAD BacLight ™ fluorescent staining. The obtained results showed that the leachate did not significantly affect the cell membranes of AS bacteria, and even a slight improvement was noted. The research carried out using the next-generation sequencing method shows that the origin of the samples (active and closed storage) and the method of processing do not significantly affect the composition of the AS bacterial biocenosis at higher taxonomic levels. However, at the species level, the appearance of bacteria not previously present in AS was observed, namely: Flavobacterium luticocti, Candidimonas nitroreducens and Nitrobacter hamburgensis. The obtained results suggest that the leachate may be a source of microorganisms positively influencing the condition of AS bacteria.
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10
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Li J, Tian X, Bai R, Xiao X, Yang F, Zhao F. Transforming cerussite to pyromorphite by immobilising Pb(II) using hydroxyapatite and Pseudomonas rhodesiae. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132235. [PMID: 34826926 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) pollution has become one of the most serious environmental problems in recent decades. However, there are few remediation technologies for insoluble cerussite (PbCO3), which are common in the environment and have high bioavailability. In this study, the immobilisation of Pb(II) released from PbCO3 by Pseudomonas rhodesiae HP-7 isolated from Pb-contaminated soil was studied. The results showed that hydroxyapatite and PbCO3 were dissolved by the organic acids secreted by the HP-7 strain, and then the dissolved Pb2+ and H2PO4- reacted to form low bioavailable Pb5(PO4)3Cl precipitate. XRD and mass conservation calculations showed that 85.7% of PbCO3 was transformed to Pb5(PO4)3Cl when P:Pb was 9:5. Our research showed that the HP-7 strain and hydroxyapatite could reduce the bioavailability of Pb(II) in PbCO3, which could be used for the remediation of Pb-polluted environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpeng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaochun Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Rui Bai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaofeng Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fan Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China.
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11
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Gu X, Zhang Q, Jia Y, Cao M, Zhang W, Luo J. Enhancement of the Cd phytoremediation efficiency of Festuca arundinacea by sonic seed treatment. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132158. [PMID: 34492420 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
It has been reported that both naturally occurring and artificially created sounds can alter the physiological parameters of various plants. A series of experiments were designed in the present study to estimate the physiological responses and the variation in the Cd decontamination capacity of Festuca arundinacea under sonic wave treatments. Plant seeds were treated by sound waves of frequency 200, 300, 400, 500, and 1000 Hz, and the germinated seedlings were transplanted to Cd-polluted soil. The results showed that all the sonic treatments increased the whole plant dry weight of F. arundinacea compared with that of the control, and the highest value was observed in the 200 Hz treatment. The Cd content in below-ground and aerial tissues of the species increased with increasing frequency till 400 Hz, after which they became constant. A higher proportion of senescent and dead leaf tissues was observed in the high-frequency treatment (1000 Hz), and more Cd was transferred to these failing tissues. Therefore, in the 1000 Hz treatment, a significantly greater amount of Cd could be eliminated by harvesting the senescent and dead leaf tissues of the species compared with that of the other treatments. The concentrations of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and the proportions of hydrophilic fractions which have a strong Cd affinity, in the rhizosphere soil of F. arundinacea increased with the increase in sound frequency. Cd extraction ability of DOM also increased with increasing frequency. This study indicated that a suitable sonic treatment can improve the phytoextraction efficiency of F. arundinacea, and also explained the mechanism from the perspective of the variations in soil DOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Gu
- Guangzhou Urban Planning & Design Survey Research Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Guangzhou Urban Planning & Design Survey Research Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifan Jia
- College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Cao
- University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Wei Zhang
- Guangzhou Urban Planning & Design Survey Research Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Luo
- College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan, China.
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12
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Combined Application of Citric Acid and Cr Resistant Microbes Improved Castor Bean Growth and Photosynthesis while It Alleviated Cr Toxicity by Reducing Cr +6 to Cr 3. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9122499. [PMID: 34946101 PMCID: PMC8705206 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9122499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromium is highly harmful to plants because of its detrimental effects on the availability of vital nutrients and secondary metabolites required for proper plant growth and development. A hydroponic experiment was carried out to analyze the effect of citric acid on castor bean plants under chromium stress. Furthermore, the role of two chromium-resistant microorganisms, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus, in reducing Cr toxicity was investigated. Different amounts of chromium (0 µM, 100 µM, 200 µM) and citric acid (0 mM, 2.5 mM, and 5 mM) were used both alone and in combination to analyze the remediation potential. Results showed that elevated amounts of chromium (specifically 200 µM) minimized the growth and biomass because the high concentration of Cr induced the oxidative markers. Exogenous citric acid treatment boosted plant growth and development by improving photosynthesis via enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, guaiacol peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase, which decreased Cr toxicity. The application of citric acid helped the plants to produce a high concentration of antioxidants which countered the oxidants produced due to chromium stress. It revealed that castor bean plants treated with citric acid could offset the stress injuries by decreasing the H2O2, electrolyte leakage, and malondialdehyde levels. The inoculation of plants with bacteria further boosted the plant growth parameters by improving photosynthesis and reducing the chromium-induced toxicity in the plants. The findings demonstrated that the combination of citric acid and metal-resistant bacteria could be a valuable technique for heavy metal remediation and mediating the adverse effects of metal toxicity on plants.
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Phytoremediation of Toxic Metals: A Sustainable Green Solution for Clean Environment. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app112110348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of aquatic ecosystems by various sources has become a major worry all over the world. Pollutants can enter the human body through the food chain from aquatic and soil habitats. These pollutants can cause various chronic diseases in humans and mortality if they collect in the body over an extended period. Although the phytoremediation technique cannot completely remove harmful materials, it is an environmentally benign, cost-effective, and natural process that has no negative effects on the environment. The main types of phytoremediation, their mechanisms, and strategies to raise the remediation rate and the use of genetically altered plants, phytoremediation plant prospects, economics, and usable plants are reviewed in this review. Several factors influence the phytoremediation process, including types of contaminants, pollutant characteristics, and plant species selection, climate considerations, flooding and aging, the effect of salt, soil parameters, and redox potential. Phytoremediation’s environmental and economic efficiency, use, and relevance are depicted in our work. Multiple recent breakthroughs in phytoremediation technologies are also mentioned in this review.
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Yang P, Gan T, Pi W, Cao M, Chen D, Luo J. Effect of using Celosia argentea grown from seeds treated with a magnetic field to conduct Cd phytoremediation in drought stress conditions. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 280:130724. [PMID: 34162085 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms of the stimulatory effect of external magnetic fields on plant growth have been revealed; however, the role of magnetic fields in the efficiency of phytoremediation with Celosia argentea grown under drought stress which results in detrimental influences on food security has not been reported. Therefore, this study evaluated the physiological responses of C. argentea to the interactions between exposure to a magnetic field and drought stress. Compared with a control, a drought treatment negatively affected the dry weight, transpiration rate, and Cd extraction efficiency of the species and caused oxidative damage in plant cells, as manifested by the increase in malondialdehyde levels and antioxidant enzyme activities. The biomass production, pigment levels, Cd content, and phytoremediation efficiency of the plant were positively affected by all magnetic field treatments compared to the control. All magnetic treatments, except those at 30 mT, alleviated the detrimental effects induced by a 10-day irrigation regime by enhancing the dry weight, chlorophyll content, and activities of antioxidant enzymes in the leaves of the plant. In terms of the interaction between pre-sowing magnetic field seed treatment and drought stress, a 100 mT treatment increased most of the measured parameters, particularly under a 3-day irrigation regime; this corresponded to the optimal phytoremediation efficiency. The results suggest that magnetic field treatment is a novel, economical, and practicable strategy by which to increase the efficiency of phytoremediation using C. argentea under drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tian Gan
- School of Civil Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wen Pi
- College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Cao
- University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Dan Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Luo
- College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan, China.
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15
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Niu H, Wang Z, Song J, Long A, Cao M, Luo J. Cadmium subcellular distribution and chemical form in Festuca arundinacea in different intercropping systems during phytoremediation. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 276:130137. [PMID: 33721629 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Intercropping with Cicer arietinum L has been suggested to improve the Cd decontamination capacity of Festuca arundinacea. However, the mechanisms stimulating this effect have not been revealed. The current study was designed to evaluate the changes in the subcellular distribution and chemical forms of Cd in different leaf types of F. arundinacea intercropped with C. arietinum L under different schemes. The results indicated that more than half of the Cd was bound in the cell wall in plant organs under all planting schemes, showing that cell wall deposition is an important detoxication pathway for the metal. Relative to the monoculture scheme, coordinate and malposed intercropping schemes increased the Cd concentration deposited in the cytoplasm of below-ground tissues from 37.6% to 45.2% and 45.1%, respectively. Additionally, the proportion of inorganic and water-soluble Cd in the below-ground parts of F. arundinacea increased from 73.6% in the monoculture scheme to 80.6% and 84.7%, in the coordinate and malposed intercropping schemes, respectively. The results exhibited that intercropping schemes can activate the metal in below-ground tissues and move it to aerial parts. The present study revealed the promoting mechanism of intercropping schemes on the phytoremediation efficiency of F. arundinacea for Cd at a subcellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Niu
- Key Laboratory of Resources Conversion and Pollution Control of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
| | - Zhengli Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinnuo Song
- College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan, China
| | - Aogui Long
- College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Cao
- University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Jie Luo
- College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan, China.
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Fan G, Zhou D, Zhang Z, Ai Y, Zhang W, Shi G, Tong F, Liu L, Chen W, Li J, Gao Y. Effect of two-dimensional electric field on the growth and cadmium uptake of Sedum plumbizincicola. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.118121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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17
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Zhao L, Liu W, Lian J, Shen M, Huo X. Effects of electric fields on Cd accumulation and photosynthesis in Zea mays seedlings. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 276:111328. [PMID: 32932068 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Phytoremediation enhanced by electrokinetic has been considered as a potential technology for remediating contaminated soils. However, the effects of electric fields on Cd accumulation and photosynthesis in Zea mays (as a cathode) is still unclear. In the present study, Zea mays seedlings were exposed to various doses of Cd2+ (10, 50, 100 μM) to explore the impact of electric fields on Cd accumulation and photosynthesis of Zea mays. Results showed that upon exposure to a concentration of 100 μM Cd, electric fields significantly altered the Cd contents in maize shoots, whereas the concentration of 50 μM Cd increased the Cd contents in maize roots as well as affected the Cd transport from roots to shoots. Uptake index (UI) increased by 1.34%-66.16% with the application of electric fields. The variation of photosynthetic rates attributed to the open or closure of stoma was similar to the change of shoot fresh weight, particularly in maize exposed to high Cd stress. This study proposes a new technology in Cd phytoremediation and provides important information on physiological processes in maize when exposed to Cd stress and electric fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Ecology Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Weitao Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Ecology Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
| | - Jiapan Lian
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Ecology Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Meimei Shen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Ecology Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Xiaohui Huo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Ecology Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
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18
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Saleem MH, Fahad S, Adnan M, Ali M, Rana MS, Kamran M, Ali Q, Hashem IA, Bhantana P, Ali M, Hussain RM. Foliar application of gibberellic acid endorsed phytoextraction of copper and alleviates oxidative stress in jute (Corchorus capsularis L.) plant grown in highly copper-contaminated soil of China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:37121-37133. [PMID: 32583108 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09764-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is an abundant essential micronutrient element in various rocks and minerals and is required for a variety of metabolic processes in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. However, excess Cu can disturb normal development by adversely affecting biochemical reactions and physiological processes in plants. The present study was conducted to explore the potential of gibberellic acid (GA3) on fibrous jute (Corchorus capsularis L.) seedlings grown on Cu mining soil obtained from Hubei Province China. Exogenous application of GA3 (10, 50, and 100 mg/L) on 60-day-old seedlings of C. capsularis which was able to grow in highly Cu-contaminated soil (2221 mg/kg) to study different morphological, physiological, and Cu uptake and accumulation in different parts of C. capsularis seedlings. According to the results, increasing concentration of GA3 (more likely 100 mg/L) alleviates Cu toxicity in C. capsularis seedlings by increasing plant growth, biomass, photosynthetic pigments, and gaseous exchange attributes. The results also showed that exogenous application of GA3 reduced oxidative stress in C. capsularis seedlings by the generation of extra reactive oxygen species (ROS). The reduction in oxidative stress in C. capsularis seedlings is because that plant has strong enzymatic antioxidants [superoxidase dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and catalase (CAT)], which ultimately increased their activities to overcome oxidative damage in the cells/tissues. In addition to the plant growth, biomass, and photosynthesis, foliar application of GA3 also helps to increase metal (Cu) concentration in different parts of the plants when compared to 0 mg/L of application of GA3. From these findings, we can conclude that foliar application of GA3 plays a promising role in reducing ROS generation in the plant cells/tissues and increased phytoextraction of Cu in different plant parts. However, more investigation is needed on field experiments to find a combination of GA3 with a very higher concentration of Cu using fibrous C. capsularis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hamzah Saleem
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Shah Fahad
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Department of Agriculture, University of Swabi, Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Adnan
- Department of Agriculture, University of Swabi, Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Mohsin Ali
- Key laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Shoaib Rana
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Microelements Research Center, College of Resource and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Muhammad Kamran
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Qurban Ali
- Key laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Inas A Hashem
- Lab of Agricultural Wastes Resource Utilization, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Department of Soils and Water Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Benha, Qalyubia, Arab Republic of Egypt
| | - Parashuram Bhantana
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Microelements Research Center, College of Resource and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Mubassir Ali
- Key laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Reem M Hussain
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
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Xu L, Dai H, Skuza L, Wei S. Optimal voltage and treatment time of electric field with assistant Solanum nigrum L. cadmium hyperaccumulation in soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 253:126575. [PMID: 32268251 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We have attempted to obtain optimal conditions of direct current electrical field with switching polarity to increase Cd accumulation of the hyperaccumulator Solanum nigrum L. from soil. The effects of different voltages and treatment times on S. nigrum accumulating Cd were determined. The results showed that Cd concentration in S. nigrum under all electrical field conditions were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of the CK. The Cd concentration in shoot and root of treatment T3 (3 V cm-1) were higher than the equal results of treatment T2 (2 V cm-1) and T1 (1 V cm-1) under the same condition of 6 h d-1 treatment time. In different treatments concerning time of T1 (6 h d-1), T4 (10 h d-1) and T5 (14 h d-1) under same voltage of 1 V cm-1, the S. nigrum Cd concentration were with similar trend to the different voltage treatments (T5 with the highest Cd concentration). These results might be caused by positive change trends of pH, EC and extractable Cd concentration in soil. However, the S. nigrum biomasses of T3 were the lowest and the highest biomass happened in treatment of T4. Finally, the highest Cd accumulation in S. nigrm (μg pot-1) was the T4 with the condition of 1 V cm-1 and 10 h d-1, which was also the optimal voltage and treatment time of the electric field. The optimal conditions were important references in the practice of combined use of electrokinetic remediation and phytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environment Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Huiping Dai
- College of Biological Science & Engineering, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Bio-resources, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723001, China.
| | - Lidia Skuza
- Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, 71-415, Poland
| | - Shuhe Wei
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environment Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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20
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Xu L, Dai H, Skuza L, Wei S. The effects of different electric fields and electrodes on Solanum nigrum L. Cd hyperaccumulation in soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 246:125666. [PMID: 31896016 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Electrokinetics is a new attempt of strengthening hyperaccumulator Solanum nigrum L. Cd extraction. The effects of different electric fields and electrodes on S. nigrum accumulating Cd among of four electric field conditions (1 V cm-1) and two electrodes were determined. The results showed that the AC electric field significantly stimulated (p < 0.05) the growth of S. nigrum, and the biomass increased nearly by 40% compared with the control, while the DC electric field (including the switching polarity) had no significant effect. Electric field significantly increased (p < 0.05) Cd concentration in S. nigrum and the highest one was recorded for the DC electric field with switching polarity. S. nigrum Cd accumulation (ug pot-1) was the highest under the AC electric field, which was nearly 70% higher compared to the control. The innovation found was that the role of biomass enhancement for S. nigrum accumulating Cd (ug pot-1) was the first and increased Cd concentration was secondary under AC electrical field, which might be relative with S. nigrum is a weed species. Basically, there was no significant difference between the graphite and stainless steel electrode, but under AC electric field conditions, Cd accumulation of S. nigrum was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than stainless steel electrode, which is worthy of further revelation besides of statistic factor. In general, the accumulation (ug pot-1) of Cd by S. nigrum was the highest under the AC electric field, which was a very important reference for the electrokinetic conditions to be used in the practice of phytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environment Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Huiping Dai
- College of Biological Science & Engineering, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Bio-resources, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723001, China.
| | - Lidia Skuza
- Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin 71-415, Poland
| | - Shuhe Wei
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environment Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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21
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Saleem MH, Fahad S, Khan SU, Din M, Ullah A, Sabagh AE, Hossain A, Llanes A, Liu L. Copper-induced oxidative stress, initiation of antioxidants and phytoremediation potential of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) seedlings grown under the mixing of two different soils of China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:5211-5221. [PMID: 31848948 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07264-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.), one of the oldest cultivated crops, continues to be widely grown for oil, fiber and food. Furthermore, the plants show a metal tolerance dependent on species so is ideal for research. Present study was conducted to find out the influence of copper (Cu) toxicity on plant biomass, growth, chlorophyll content, malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, proline production, antioxidative enzymes and metal up taken by L. usitatissimum from the soil grown under mixing of Cu-contaminated soil with natural soil by 0:1 (control), 1:0, 1:1, 1:2 and 1:4. Results revealed that, high concentration of Cu in the soil affected plant growth and development by reducing plant height, plant diameter and plant fresh and dry biomass and chlorophyll contents in the leaves compared with the control. Furthermore, Cu in excess causes generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide radical (O-) and hydroxyl radicals (OH), which is manifested by high malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline contents also. The increasing activities of superoxidase dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) in the roots and leaves of L. usitatissimum are involved in the scavenging of ROS. Results also showed that L. usitatissimum also has capability to revoke large amount of Cu from the contaminated soil. As Cu concentration in the soil increases, the final uptake of Cu concentration by L. usitatissimum increases. Furthermore, the soil chemical parameters (pH, electrical conductivity and cation exchange capacity) were increasing to highest levels as the ratio of Cu concentration to the natural soil increases. Thus, Cu-contaminated soil is amended with the addition of natural soil significantly reduced plant growth and biomass, while L. usitatissimum is able to revoke large amount of Cu from the soil and could be grown as flaxseed and a potential candidate for phytoremediation of Cu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hamzah Saleem
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shah Fahad
- Department of Agriculture, University of Swabi, Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Ullah Khan
- College of Plant Sciences and Technology/National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Mairaj Din
- Department of Soil and sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Abid Ullah
- Department of Botany, University of Malakand, Dir Lower, Chakdara, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 18800, Pakistan
| | - Ayman El Sabagh
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kafrelsheikh, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Akbar Hossain
- Wheat Research Center, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Dinajpur, 5200, Bangladesh
| | - Analía Llanes
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Natural Sciences, FCEFQyN, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, X5800, Río Cuarto, Argentina
| | - Lijun Liu
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Ma Q, Li J, Lee CCC, Long X, Liu Y, Wu QT. Combining potassium chloride leaching with vertical electrokinetics to remediate cadmium-contaminated soils. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2019; 41:2081-2091. [PMID: 30838487 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-019-00259-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the feasibility of combining potassium chloride (KCl) leaching and electrokinetic (EK) treatment for the remediation of cadmium (Cd) and other metals from contaminated soils. KCl leaching was compared at three concentrations (0.2%, 0.5%, and 1% KCl). EK treatment was conducted separately to migrate the metals in the topsoil to the subsoil. The combined approach using KCl leaching before or after EK treatment was compared. For the single vertical EK treatment, the removal of Cd, lead (Pb), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) from the topsoil (0-20 cm) was 9.38%, 4.80%, 0.95%, and 10.81%, respectively. KCl leaching at 1% KCl removed 84.06% Cd, 9.95% Pb, 4.34% Cu, and 19.93% Zn from the topsoil, with higher removal efficiency than that of the 0.2% and 0.5% KCl leaching treatments. By combining the KCl leaching and EK treatment, the removal efficiency of heavy metals improved, in particular for the 1% KCl + EK treatment, where the removal rate of Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn from the upper surface soil reached 97.79%, 17.69%, 14.37%, and 41.96%, respectively. Correspondingly, the soil Cd content decreased from 4 to 0.21 mg/kg, and was below the Chinese standard limit of 0.3 mg/kg soil. These results indicate that 1% KCl + EK treatment is a good combination technique to mitigate Cd pollution from contaminated soils used for growing rice and leafy vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Ma
- Key Laboratory on Soil Environment and Waste Reuse in Agriculture of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory on Soil Environment and Waste Reuse in Agriculture of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Charles C C Lee
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle (Australia) Singapore, 6 Temasek Blvd, Singapore, 038986, Singapore
| | - Xinxian Long
- Key Laboratory on Soil Environment and Waste Reuse in Agriculture of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yongmao Liu
- Inner Mongolia Research Institute of Metallurgy, Hohhot, 010010, China
| | - Qi-Tang Wu
- Key Laboratory on Soil Environment and Waste Reuse in Agriculture of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Ning Y, Liu N, Song Y, Luo J, Li T. Enhancement of phytoextraction of Pb by compounded activation agent derived from fruit residue. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2019; 21:1449-1456. [PMID: 31293168 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2019.1633266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Chelate-assisted phytoextraction is an attractive strategy to remove toxic metals from soil. However, there is lack of an effective and sustainable chelating agent. In this study, 11 kinds of fruit residue were extracted and selected to combine with N, N-bis (carboxymethyl) glutamic acid (GLDA) (0.7%) and tea saponin (4%) for the compounded activation agent (CAA), and its enhancement on Pb phytoextraction by Sedum alfredii was further evaluated by pot experiment. Among 11 fruit residue extracts, lemon residue showed the highest ability (34.7%) to extract Pb from soil. Through combining with GLDA (0.7%) and tea saponin (4%) at the optimal volume ratio of 15:2.5:2.5, the CAA removed Pb most effectively (57.1%) from soil and increased the solubility of three Pb mineral (PbS, PbCO3 and PbSO4) by 8.7-56.4 times. In pot experiment, the addition of high dosage (15 mL) CAA increased the biomass of S. alfredii by 52% and doubled the Pb accumulation. In addition, CAA-assisted phytoextraction also increased both water-soluble and acid-soluble Pb in soil, while reduced the proportion of the immobile Pb (oxidizable and residual). Generally, the compounded activation agent derived from lemon residue could be considered as-a promising enhancer for Pb phytoextraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youzheng Ning
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nanlin Liu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuchao Song
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jipeng Luo
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tingqiang Li
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Ashraf S, Ali Q, Zahir ZA, Ashraf S, Asghar HN. Phytoremediation: Environmentally sustainable way for reclamation of heavy metal polluted soils. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 174:714-727. [PMID: 30878808 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.02.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Soil contamination with toxic metals is a widespread environmental issue resulting from global industrialization within the past few years. Therefore, decontamination of heavy metal contaminated soils is very important to reduce the associated risks and for maintenance of environmental health and ecological restoration. Conventional techniques for reclamation of such soils are expensive and environmental non-friendly. Phytoremediation is an emerging technology implementing green plants to clean up the environment from contaminants and has been considered as a cost-effective and non-invasive alternative to the conventional remediation approaches. There are different types of phytoremediation including, phytostabilization, phytostimulation, phytotransformation, phytofiltration and phytoextraction, the latter being most extensively acknowledged for remediation of soils contaminated with toxic heavy metals. Recent literature is gathered to critically review the sources, hazardous effects of toxic heavy metals and environmentally sustainable phytoremediation technique for heavy metal polluted soils to offer widespread applicability of this green technology. Different strategies to enhance the bioavailability of heavy metals in the soil are also discussed shortly. It can be concluded that phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soils is a reliable tool and necessary for making the land resource accessible for crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Ashraf
- Institute of Soil & Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Qasim Ali
- Institute of Soil & Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan; College of Agriculture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Bahadur Sub-campus Layyah, Pakistan
| | - Zahir Ahmad Zahir
- Institute of Soil & Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Ashraf
- Institute of Soil & Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Naeem Asghar
- Institute of Soil & Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Shen G, Ju W, Liu Y, Guo X, Zhao W, Fang L. Impact of Urea Addition and Rhizobium Inoculation on Plant Resistance in Metal Contaminated Soil. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E1955. [PMID: 31159445 PMCID: PMC6603927 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16111955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Legume-rhizobium symbiosis has been heavily investigated for their potential to enhance plant metal resistance in contaminated soil. However, the extent to which plant resistance is associated with the nitrogen (N) supply in symbiont is still uncertain. This study investigates the effect of urea or/and rhizobium (Sinorhizobium meliloti) application on the growth of Medicago sativa and resistance in metals contaminated soil (mainly with Cu). The results show that Cu uptake in plant shoots increased by 41.7%, 69%, and 89.3% with urea treatment, rhizobium inoculation, and their combined treatment, respectively, compared to the control group level. In plant roots, the corresponding values were 1.9-, 1.7-, and 1.5-fold higher than the control group values, respectively. Statistical analysis identified that N content was the dominant variable contributing to Cu uptake in plants. Additionally, a negative correlation was observed between plant oxidative stress and N content, indicating that N plays a key role in plant resistance. Oxidative damage decreased after rhizobium inoculation as the activities of antioxidant enzymes (catalase and superoxide dismutase in roots and peroxidase in plant shoots) were stimulated, enhancing plant resistance and promoting plant growth. Our results suggest that individual rhizobium inoculation, without urea treatment, is the most recommended approach for effective phytoremediation of contaminated land.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoting Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Wenliang Ju
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Yuqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Xiaobin Guo
- Agriculture Production and Research Division, Department of Fisheries and Land Resources, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, Corner Brook, NL A2H 6J8, Canada.
| | - Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Linchuan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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Luo J, Xing X, Qi S, Wu J, Gu XWS. Comparing the risk of metal leaching in phytoremediation using Noccaea caerulescens with or without electric field. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 216:661-668. [PMID: 30391887 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Hyperaccumulators can mobilize all metals in soil through secreting exudates to form soluble compounds but only hyperaccumulate part of them. Metals that cannot be accumulated are defined as non-hyperaccumulated metals and can increase the leaching risk in phytoremediation. Cd and Zn hyperaccumulator Noccaea caerulescens (formerly Thlaspi caerulescens) was utilized to remediate multi-metal polluted soil in the present study, and the leaching risk of non-hyperaccumulated metals including Cu and Pb was investigated during the phytoremediation process. Comparing with Thlaspi arvense, a non-hyperaccumulator, N. caerulescens significantly decreased the concentrations of Cd and Zn in leachate gathered from precipitation simulation experiments without electric field, but meanwhile dramatically increased the concentrations of Cu and Pb in soil solution. Electric field with low (2 V) and moderate (4 V) voltages increased the biomass yield and metal uptake capacity of N. caerulescens simultaneously and therefore further reduced the concentrations of Cd and Zn in the leachate. Although the volume of leachate decreased significantly in pots with electric field, the leaching risk of Pb and Cu was deteriorated. Thus, decontaminating multi-metal polluted soil with electric field and hyperaccumulator should be conducted with caution due to potential secondary environmental risk caused by activated non-hyperaccumulated metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Luo
- College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xinli Xing
- China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Shihua Qi
- China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jian Wu
- China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - X W Sophie Gu
- The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Victoria, Australia
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Luo J, He M, Wu J, Huo S, Gu XS. Comparing storage battery and solar cell in assisting Eucalyptus Globulus to phytoremediate soil polluted by Cd, Pb, and Cu. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2019; 21:181-190. [PMID: 30656980 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2018.1501342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Metal decontamination and leaching alleviation capacity of Eucalyptus globulus with and without electric field were investigated using ICP-MS. The biomass production of the chosen plant increased from 0.87 kg in planting control without electrokinetic treatment to 1.16 and 1.42 kg in experiments with electric field supplied by storage battery and solar cell, respectively. Under the influence of electric field with a voltage of 6.5 V, significantly more Cd, Pb and Cu were extracted by the species. Precipitation simulation was performed to evaluate the capacity of battery and solar panel to intercept leaching. The total volume of leachate gathered from the control decreased from 1012 mL to 299 and 336 mL in containers treated by storage battery and solar cell, respectively. In addition to reduction of leachate, the leaching mass of Cd, Pb and Cu was decreased significantly by electric fields (both battery and solar cell) treatments. The effect of remediation and environmental risk alleviation by solar cell was comparable with storage battery, at least during the 30-day experimental period. On the basis of the present study, solar cell should be a suitable substitute for conventional power supply to improve metal polluted soil when considering phytoremediation efficiency and energy consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Luo
- a College of Resources and Environment , Yangtze University , Wuhan , China
- b China University of Geosciences , Wuhan , China
| | - Mei He
- a College of Resources and Environment , Yangtze University , Wuhan , China
| | - Jian Wu
- b China University of Geosciences , Wuhan , China
| | - Siyuan Huo
- a College of Resources and Environment , Yangtze University , Wuhan , China
| | - Xiaowen Sophie Gu
- c College of Engineering, The University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Australia
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Luo J, Yang D, Qi S, Wu J, Gu XS. Using solar cell to phytoremediate field-scale metal polluted soil assisted by electric field. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 165:404-410. [PMID: 30218963 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Eucalyptus globulus were used to remediate a real scale site endangered by e-waste with electric fields supplied by solar cell and conventional storage battery. The capacity of the species to produce biomass, absorb pollutants and decontaminate metals, as well as the soil moisture of various layers under different treatments was compared. During the 3-month experiment, the output potential of solar cell influenced by weather conditions was less stable (ranging from 0 to 8.3 V) comparing with traditional power supply. Solar cell and storage battery stimulated the growth of the species from 5.92 in control to 7.21 and 7.38 kg per plant, respectively, demonstrating their similar improvement effect. Electric fields of either power source increased the metal concentrations of plant roots and shoots in equal proportions and subsequently greatly promoted the efficiency to decontaminate pollutants. Relative to the control without electric field, solar cell and storage battery treatments reduced the soil moisture of each corresponding layer and consequently, alleviated the leaching risk. At the termination of the experiment, metals tended to distribute in the surface layer under electric field assisted phytoremediation either by solar cell or storage battery. Comparing with conventional battery, solar cell has similar effect on improving remediation and mitigating leaching risk, but is less energy consuming and easier to manage, especially under real scale field. Solar cell treatment was suggested to be a suitable supplementary means to improve phytoremediation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Luo
- College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Dan Yang
- China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shihua Qi
- China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jian Wu
- China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
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Tai Y, Yang Y, Li Z, Yang Y, Wang J, Zhuang P, Zou B. Phytoextraction of 55-year-old wastewater-irrigated soil in a Zn-Pb mine district: effect of plant species and chelators. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2018; 39:2138-2150. [PMID: 28678620 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2017.1351493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Untreated water from mining sites spreads heavy metal contamination. The present study assessed the phytoextraction performance of heavy metal-accumulating plants and the effects of chemical chelators on cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) removal from paddy fields that have been continuously irrigated with mining wastewater from mines for 55 years. Outdoor pot experiments showed that the total Pb, Zn, and Cd content was lower in the rhizosphere soil of Amaranthus hypochondriacus than in that of Sedum alfredii, Solanum nigrum, and Sorghum bicolor. The aboveground biomass (dry weight) and relative growth rate of A. hypochondriacus were significantly higher than that of the other three species (P < .05). However, the total metal accumulation was significantly higher in the A. hypochondriacus system than in the other plants' system (P < .05). The increase in shoot biomass of A. hypochondriacus depended mostly on the chelator type [ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), malate, oxalate, and citrate] and their application frequency. Single application of EDTA significantly increased the shoot biomass of A. hypochondriacus and total metal removal loading from soil (P < .05). In conclusion, A. hypochondriacus may be effective for in situ phytoremediation of heavy metal-contaminated farmland soil and EDTA can accelerate the phytoextraction effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- YiPing Tai
- a Research Center of Hydrobiology , Jinan University , Guangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - YuFen Yang
- a Research Center of Hydrobiology , Jinan University , Guangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - ZhiAn Li
- b Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems , South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yang
- a Research Center of Hydrobiology , Jinan University , Guangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - JiaXi Wang
- a Research Center of Hydrobiology , Jinan University , Guangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Zhuang
- b Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems , South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Bi Zou
- b Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems , South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , People's Republic of China
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Hosseini SS, Lakzian A, Halajnia A, Hammami H. The effect of olive husk extract compared to the edta on Pb availability and some chemical and biological properties in a Pb-contaminated soil. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2018; 20:643-649. [PMID: 29039991 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2017.1365352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
It was found that using chelating agents increases the efficiency of heavy metal extraction, however, they may have negative effects on soil ecosystem quality. A pot experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications in order to evaluate the effect of EDTA and Olive Husk Extract (OHE) on some chemical and biological properties of the Pb-contaminated soil. The experimental treatments included EDTA (2 g Na2EDTA salt per kg soil), OHE (2 g TDS of OHE per kg soil) and control (without the chelating agent). The results revealed that the EDTA and OHE treatments increased the Pb availability by 17.7% and 5.5% in comparison to the control treatment, respectively. Although EDTA was more effective in increasing the Pb availability but decreased the soil biological quality index (SBQI). The EDTA treatment significantly decreased the dehydrogenase (DH) activity and germination index (GI). The OHE application significantly increased the available-P, available-K, total N and organic carbon content by 339.92%, 40.79%, 20.9%, and 29.7% compared with control treatment, respectively. Furthermore, OHE considerably increased SBQI from 18.96 to 53.48. Compared to the control treatment higher values of soil respiration activity, DH activity, and carbon availability index (CAI) were observed in OHE treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Sajjad Hosseini
- a Department of Soil Science , Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Amir Lakzian
- a Department of Soil Science , Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Akram Halajnia
- a Department of Soil Science , Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Hossein Hammami
- b Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding , College of Agriculture, University of Birjand , Birjand , Iran
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Luo J, Cai L, Qi S, Wu J, Sophie Gu X. Influence of direct and alternating current electric fields on efficiency promotion and leaching risk alleviation of chelator assisted phytoremediation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 149:241-247. [PMID: 29241117 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Direct and alternating current electric fields with various voltages were used to improve the decontamination efficiency of chelator assisted phytoremediation for multi-metal polluted soil. The alleviation effect of electric field on leaching risk caused by chelator application during phytoremediation process was also evaluated. Biomass yield, pollutant uptake and metal leaching retardation under alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) electric fields were compared. The biomass yield of Eucalyptus globulus under AC fields with various voltages (2, 4 and 10 V) were 3.91, 4.16 and 3.67kg, respectively, significantly higher than the chelator treatment without electric field (2.71kg). Besides growth stimulation, AC fields increased the metal concentrations of plant tissues especially in aerial parts manifested by the raised translocation factor of different metals. Direct current electric fields with low and moderate voltages increased the biomass production of the species to 3.45 and 3.12kg, respectively, while high voltage on the contrary suppressed the growth of the plants (2.66kg). Under DC fields, metal concentrations elevated obviously with increasing voltages and the metal translocation factors were similar under all voltages. Metal extraction per plant achieved the maximum value under moderate voltage due to the greatest biomass production. DC field with high voltage (10V) decreased the volume of leachate from the chelator treatment without electric field from 1224 to 56mL, while the leachate gathered from AC field treatments raised from 512 to 670mL. DC field can retard the downward movement of metals caused by chelator application more effectively relative to AC field due to the constant water flow and electroosmosis direction. Alternating current field had more promotive effect on chelator assisted phytoremediation efficiency than DC field illustrated by more metal accumulation in the species. However, with the consideration of leaching risk, DC field with moderate voltage was the optimal supplementary technique for phytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Luo
- College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, 111 University Road, Wuhan, China; China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Limei Cai
- College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, 111 University Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Shihua Qi
- China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jian Wu
- China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaowen Sophie Gu
- The University of Melbourne, Grattan Street Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
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Luo J, Cai L, Qi S, Wu J, Sophie Gu X. A multi-technique phytoremediation approach to purify metals contaminated soil from e-waste recycling site. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 204:17-22. [PMID: 28846891 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Multiple techniques for soil decontamination were combined to enhance the phytoremediation efficiency of Eucalyptus globulese and alleviate the corresponding environmental risks. The approach constituted of chelating agent using, electrokinetic remediation, plant hormone foliar application and phytoremediation was designed to remediate multi-metal contaminated soils from a notorious e-waste recycling town. The decontamination ability of E. globulese increased from 1.35, 58.47 and 119.18 mg per plant for Cd, Pb and Cu in planting controls to 7.57, 198.68 and 174.34 mg per plant in individual EDTA treatments, respectively, but simultaneously, 0.9-11.5 times more metals leached from chelator treatments relative to controls. Low (2 V) and moderate (4 V) voltage electric fields provoked the growth of the species while high voltage (10 V) had an opposite effect and metal concentrations of the plants elevated with the increment of voltage. Volumes of the leachate decreased from 1224 to 134 mL with voltage increasing from 0 to 10 V due to electroosmosis and electrolysis. Comparing with individual phytoremediation, foliar cytokinin treatments produced 56% more biomass and intercepted 2.5 times more leachate attributed to the enhanced transpiration rate. The synergistic combination of the individuals resulted in the most biomass production and metal accumulation of the species under the stress condition relative to other methods. Time required for the multi-technique approach to decontaminate Cd, Pb and Cu from soil was 2.1-10.4 times less than individual chelator addition, electric field application or plant hormone utilization. It's especially important that nearly no leachate (60 mL in total) was collected from the multi-technique system. This approach is a suitable method to remediate metal polluted site considering its decontamination efficiency and associated environmental negligible risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Luo
- Yangtze University, 111 University Road, Wuhan, PR China.
| | - Limei Cai
- Yangtze University, 111 University Road, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Shihua Qi
- China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Jian Wu
- China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Xiaowen Sophie Gu
- The University of Melbourne, Grattan Street Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
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Tahmasbian I, Safari Sinegani AA, Nguyen TTN, Che R, Phan TD, Hosseini Bai S. Application of manures to mitigate the harmful effects of electrokinetic remediation of heavy metals on soil microbial properties in polluted soils. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:26485-26496. [PMID: 28948525 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0281-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) used with electrokinetic (EK) to remediate heavy metal-polluted soils is a toxic chelate for soil microorganisms. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of alternative organic chelates to EDTA on improving the microbial properties of a heavy metal-polluted soil subjected to EK. Cow manure extract (CME), poultry manure extract (PME) and EDTA were applied to a lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn)-polluted calcareous soil which were subjected to two electric intensities (1.1 and 3.3 v/cm). Soil carbon pools, microbial activity, microbial abundance (e.g., fungal, actinomycetes and bacterial abundances) and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)-extractable Pb and Zn (available forms) were assessed in both cathodic and anodic soils. Applying the EK to soil decreased all the microbial variables in the cathodic and anodic soils in the absence or presence of chelates. Both CME and PME applied with two electric intensities decreased the negative effect of EK on soil microbial variables. The lowest values of soil microbial variables were observed when EK was combined with EDTA. The following order was observed in values of soil microbial variables after treating with EK and chelates: EK + CME or EK + PME > EK > EK + EDTA. The CME and PME could increase the concentrations of available Pb and Zn, although the increase was less than that of EDTA. Overall, despite increasing soil available Pb and Zn, the combination of EK with manures (CME or PME) mitigated the negative effects of using EK on soil microbial properties. This study suggested that the synthetic chelates such as EDTA could be replaced with manures to alleviate the environmental risks of EK application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Tahmasbian
- Environmental Future Research Institute, School of Biomolecular and Physical Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia.
| | | | - Thi Thu Nhan Nguyen
- Genecology, School of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, QLD, Maroochydore DC, 4558, Australia
| | - Rongxiao Che
- Environmental Future Research Institute, School of Biomolecular and Physical Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - Thuc D Phan
- Australian River Institute, Griffith School of Environment, Griffith University, QLD, Nathan, 4111, Australia
| | - Shahla Hosseini Bai
- Environmental Future Research Institute, School of Biomolecular and Physical Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
- Genecology, School of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, QLD, Maroochydore DC, 4558, Australia
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Luo J, Cai L, Qi S, Wu J, Gu XWS. Improvement effects of cytokinin on EDTA assisted phytoremediation and the associated environmental risks. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 185:386-393. [PMID: 28709043 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Soil samples containing excess Cd (0.82 mg kg-1), Pb (92.7 mg kg-1) and Cu (72.7 mg kg-1) relative to their corresponding safe thresholds (0.3, 80 and 50 mg kg-1, respectively) from a notorious e-waste disposing and recycling place in southern China were phytoremediated with EDTA addition to evaluate the promotion effects of cytokinin on the remediation efficiency of Eucalyptus globulus. Biomass production of the plant, evapotranspiration amount of the soil, metals accumulation in plant organs and the volume of leachate under various treatments were compared. Relative to the planting control, EDTA application shortened the time required for Cd, Pb and Cu decontamination by 1.7-5.5 times but led to significantly more leachate (996 vs 1256 mL), indicating the negative influence of the chelate treatment on the species and the surrounding environment. The foliar application of cytokinin can expand the advantage and alleviate the adverse impact of individual EDTA application simultaneously as manifested by the increased biomass yield, less time consumption for purification and decreased leachate volume. Cytokinin accelerated the transpiration rate of the plant proved by the least volume of leachate in individual cytokinin treatment. The major factors for effective phytoremediation were the resistance of species to high concentrations of contaminants and less environmental risks generation during the remediation processes. Therefore, synergistic use of such components provides more efficient decontamination of metals and more security for the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Luo
- College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan, China; China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Limei Cai
- College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shihua Qi
- China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jian Wu
- China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - X W Sophie Gu
- The University of Melbourne, 3010 Victoria, Australia
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Xiao W, Li D, Ye X, Xu H, Yao G, Wang J, Zhang Q, Hu J, Gao N. Enhancement of Cd phytoextraction by hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii using electrical field and organic amendments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:5060-5067. [PMID: 28000074 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8277-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The combined use of organic amendment-assisted phytoextraction and electrokinetic remediation to decontaminate Cd-polluted soil was demonstrated in a laboratory-scale experiment. The plant species selected was the hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii. Prior to the pot experiment, the loamy soil was treated with 15 g kg-1 of pig manure compost, 10 g kg-1 of humic acid, or 5 mmol kg-1 of EDTA, and untreated soil without application of any amendment was the control. Two conditions were applied to each treatment: no voltage (without an electrical field) and a direct current (DC) electrical field (1 V cm-1 with switching polarity every day). Results indicated that Cd concentrations in S. alfredii were significantly (p < 0.05) increased by application of the electrical field and soil amendments (pig manure compost, humic acid, and EDTA). By switching the polarity of the DC electrical field, significant pH variation from anode to cathode can be avoided, and no significant impact was observed on shoot biomass production. Electrical field application increased DTPA-extractable Cd in soils and the Cd accumulation in shoots by 6.06-15.64 and 24.53-52.31%, respectively. The addition of pig manure compost and humic acid enhanced shoot Cd accumulation by 1.54- to 1.92- and 1.38- to 1.64-fold because of their simultaneous enhancement of Cd concentration in shoots and biomass production. However, no enhancement of Cd accumulation was found in the EDTA treatment, which can be ascribed to the inhibition of plant growth caused by EDTA. In conclusion, pig manure compost or humic acid addition in combination with the application of a switched-polarity DC electrical field could significantly enhance Cd phytoextraction by hyperaccumulator S. alfredii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Dan Li
- Hangzhou Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer Station, Hangzhou, 310020, China
| | - Xuezhu Ye
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China.
| | - Haizhou Xu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Guihua Yao
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- Hangzhou Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer Station, Hangzhou, 310020, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Jing Hu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Na Gao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
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Wan X, Lei M, Chen T, Ma J. Micro-distribution of arsenic species in tissues of hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata L. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 166:389-399. [PMID: 27705826 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.09.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) contamination and its harmful consequences have gained increasing attention in research. Phytoextraction, which uses the As hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata L., is a well-established technology adopted in many countries. However, the hyperaccumulation mechanisms of this plant remain controversial. This study investigated the species and the micro-distribution of As species in three P. vittata L. ecotypes after exposure to arsenite (AsIII) and arsenate (AsV) for 7d. Arsenic-accumulating abilities and preferences to As species varied among different ecotypes. The reduction of AsV into AsIII, oxidation of AsIII into AsV, and chelation of AsIII with thiols were all observed in P. vittata. The reduction of As mainly occurred in the rhizoid, whereas oxidation and chelation mainly occurred in the aboveground parts. Correlation analyses showed that the As concentration in pinna was significantly correlated with the AsV percentage in paraxial and abaxial epidermis (positive), AsIII-GSH percentage in paraxial epidermis (positive), and AsIII percentage in paraxial and abaxial epidermis (negative). Results indicated that oxidation and chelation reactions contributed to the accumulation of As in P. vittata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Wan
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Mei Lei
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China.
| | - Tongbin Chen
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Jie Ma
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, PR China
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Nguyen BCQ, Tawata S. The Chemistry and Biological Activities of Mimosine: A Review. Phytother Res 2016; 30:1230-42. [PMID: 27213712 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mimosine [β-[N-(3-hydroxy-4-oxypyridyl)]-α-aminopropionic acid] is a non-protein amino acid found in the members of Mimosoideae family. There are a considerable number of reports available on the chemistry, methods for estimation, biosynthesis, regulation, and degradation of this secondary metabolite. On the other hand, over the past years of active research, mimosine has been found to have various biological activities such as anti-cancer, antiinflammation, anti-fibrosis, anti-influenza, anti-virus, herbicidal and insecticidal activities, and others. Mimosine is a leading compound of interest for use in the development of RAC/CDC42-activated kinase 1 (PAK1)-specific inhibitors for the treatment of various diseases/disorders, because PAK1 is not essential for the growth of normal cells. Interestingly, the new roles of mimosine in malignant glioma treatment, regenerative dentistry, and phytoremediation are being emerged. These identified properties indicate an exciting future for this amino acid. The present review is focused on the chemistry and recognized biological activities of mimosine in an attempt to draw a link between these two characteristics. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binh Cao Quan Nguyen
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan.,PAK Research Center, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan
| | - Shinkichi Tawata
- PAK Research Center, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan.,Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Senbaru 1, Nishihara-cho, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan
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