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Mahasakpan N, Chaisongkaew P, Inerb M, Nim N, Phairuang W, Tekasakul S, Furuuchi M, Hata M, Kaosol T, Tekasakul P, Dejchanchaiwong R. Fine and ultrafine particle- and gas-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons affecting southern Thailand air quality during transboundary haze and potential health effects. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 124:253-267. [PMID: 36182135 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Distribution of PM0.1, PM1 and PM2.5 particle- and gas-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) during the 2019 normal, partial and strong haze periods at a background location in southern Thailand were investigated to understand the behaviors and carcinogenic risks. PM1 was the predominant component, during partial and strong haze periods, accounting for 45.1% and 52.9% of total suspended particulate matter, respectively, while during normal period the contribution was only 34.0%. PM0.1 concentrations, during the strong haze period, were approximately 2 times higher than those during the normal period. Substantially increased levels of particle-PAHs for PM0.1, PM1 and PM2.5 were observed during strong haze period, about 3, 5 and 6 times higher than those during normal period. Gas-PAH concentrations were 10 to 36 times higher than those of particle-PAHs for PM2.5. Average total Benzo[a]Pyrene Toxic Equivalency Quotients (BaP-TEQ) in PM0.1, PM1 and PM2.5 during haze periods were about 2-6 times higher than in the normal period. The total accumulated Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risks (ILCRs) in PM0.1, PM1 and PM2.5 for all the age-specific groups during the haze effected scenario were approximately 1.5 times higher than those in non-haze scenario, indicating a higher potential carcinogenic risk. These observations suggest PM0.1, PM1 and PM2.5 were the significant sources of carcinogenic aerosols and were significantly affected by transboundary haze from peatland fires. This leads to an increase in the volume of smoke aerosol, exerting a significant impact on air quality in southern Thailand, as well as many other countries in lower southeast Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Napawan Mahasakpan
- Air Pollution and Health Effect Research Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; Energy Technology Program, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Phatsarakorn Chaisongkaew
- Air Pollution and Health Effect Research Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; Energy Technology Program, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Muanfun Inerb
- Faculty of Environmental Management, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Nobchonnee Nim
- Air Pollution and Health Effect Research Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; Energy Technology Program, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Worradorn Phairuang
- Department of Geography, Faculty of Social Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Muang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Surajit Tekasakul
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Masami Furuuchi
- Faculty of Environmental Management, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; Faculty of Geoscience and Civil Engineering, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Hata
- Faculty of Geoscience and Civil Engineering, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Thaniya Kaosol
- Air Pollution and Health Effect Research Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Perapong Tekasakul
- Air Pollution and Health Effect Research Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Racha Dejchanchaiwong
- Air Pollution and Health Effect Research Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand.
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Yan X, Ma J, Chen X, Lei M, Li T, Han Y. Characteristics of airborne bacterial communities and antibiotic resistance genes under different air quality levels. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 161:107127. [PMID: 35180669 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in bioaerosols are major threats to human health. In this study, the microbial community structure and ARG distribution characteristics of airborne bacteria in total suspended particulates (TSP) and PM2.5 were investigated under different air quality levels in Xinxiang, Central China. The results revealed that with the deterioration of air quality, the concentrations of airborne bacteria in both TSP and PM2.5 decreased; however, the relative amounts of pathogenic bacteria increased. The predominant genera in pathogenic bacteria of Bacillus, Sphingomonas, Corynebacterium, Rhodococcus, and Staphylococcus were identified in both TSP and PM2.5. Although the airborne bacteria concentrations and absolute abundances of ARGs in TSP were higher than those in PM2.5 under identical air quality conditions, the bacterial community structure and relative amounts of pathogenic bacteria were similar. In addition, the relationship between environmental factors of ions, metal elements, and meteorological parameters and the community structures of airborne bacteria and pathogenic bacteria were also analyzed. The effects of soluble ions and metal elements on several dominant genera of total bacteria and pathogenic bacteria differed, probably due to the strong tolerance of pathogenic bacteria to harsh atmospheric environments Different subtypes of ARGs showed various distribution characteristics with variations in air quality. The deterioration of air quality can inhibit the dissemination of ARGs, as the minimum values of all ARGs and class 1 integrase intI1 were observed under Severely Polluted conditions. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the effect of air pollution levels on the airborne bacteria community composition and ARG distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yan
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China.
| | - Jiahui Ma
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Xinqing Chen
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Miao Lei
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Tianning Li
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Yunping Han
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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Huang F, Zhang Y, Lou Y, Li X, Zhang T, Yu H, Yuan C, Tong Q, Qi F, Shao F. Characterization, Sources and Excessive Cancer Risk of PM 2.5-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Different Green Spaces in Lin'an, Hangzhou, China. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 107:519-529. [PMID: 34230988 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-021-03304-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
PM2.5 samples were collected from residential, commercial, plaza and public green spaces in Lin'an, Hangzhou, in spring (March and April) and winter (February and December) in 2017. PAHs were detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and their sources were identified using the diagnostic ratio (DR) and principal component analysis-multiple linear regression (PCA-MLR). The average PAH concentration in winter was 1.3 times that in spring (p < 0.01). The PAH concentrations in the green spaces decreased as commercial > residential > plaza > public green space (p < 0.05). The sources of PAHs were vehicle emissions and coal combustion pollution transported by northern Chinese air masses. Slightly higher excessive cancer risks were determined in the commercial and residential green spaces than in the plaza and public green spaces. Green coverage, pedestrian volume, traffic flow and building density greatly influenced the decrease in the PAH concentration in the green spaces. Among the 4 types of green spaces, public green space had the most ecological benefits and should be fully utilized in urban green space planning to improve public health in urban spaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Huang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yinke Zhang
- Hangzhou Botanical Garden (Hangzhou West Lake Academy of Landscape Science), Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yilei Lou
- College of Landscape Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaolu Li
- College of Landscape Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tianran Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hui Yu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chuyang Yuan
- College of Landscape Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qun Tong
- Hangzhou Lin'an District Environmental Monitoring Station, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feng Qi
- College of Landscape Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feng Shao
- College of Landscape Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China.
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Dong Z, Jiang N, Zhang R, Xu Q, Ying Q, Li Q, Li S. Molecular characteristics, source contributions, and exposure risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the core city of Central Plains Economic Region, China: Insights from the variation of haze levels. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 757:143885. [PMID: 33310581 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, molecular characteristics, source contributions, and health risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in PM2.5 for four haze levels in Zhengzhou, a megacity in central China with severe air pollution problems, have been analyzed. The concentrations of PAHs and PM2.5 on heavy haze (HH) days were 63% and 122% higher than non-haze (NH) days. The occurrence of high PAH concentration was often accompanied by the northwest wind along with adverse meteorological conditions that limit regional dispersion. The source apportionment results indicated that almost all sources contributed more PAH concentration on haze days. In particular, coal combustion and vehicle emissions contributions were almost doubled on HH days. The incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) of PAHs has been assessed. BaP and DahA showed relatively high contributions to ILCR, and 31%-48% of ILCR is due to exposure to PAHs on high HH days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Dong
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Ruiqin Zhang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Qixiang Xu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Qi Ying
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3136, USA.
| | - Qiang Li
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shengli Li
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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5
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Sun Y, Tian Y, Xue Q, Jia B, Wei Y, Song D, Huang F, Feng Y. Source-specific risks of synchronous heavy metals and PAHs in inhalable particles at different pollution levels: Variations and health risks during heavy pollution. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 146:106162. [PMID: 33069984 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Synchronous heavy metals (HMs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in inhalable particulate matter (PM10) were measured during 2009-2012 and 2015-2016 in a Chinese megacity (Chengdu) to understand the variations in source-specific health risks during haze episodes. Samples were divided into four mass concentration levels: PM10 ≤ 150 μg m-3 (L1), 150 μg m-3 < PM10 ≤ 250 μg m-3 (L2), 250 μg m-3 < PM10 ≤ 350 μg m-3 (L3), and PM10 > 350 μg m-3 (L4). The percentages of some HMs and PAHs (accounting for PM10) decreased from L1 to L4, indicating that they exhibited lower growth rates than other species during heavy pollution. The combined cancer risk (R) for HMs and PAHs was higher at L1 and L4, and the combined non-cancer risk (HQ) was significantly high at L4. The HMs and PAHs combined source-specific risk apportion (HP-SRA) model was employed to quantify the source-specific risks. The relative contributions of (i) diesel and gasoline vehicles to the R, and (ii) crustal dust to the HQ increased during heavy pollution (L3 and L4). The relative contribution of industrial source declined from 81% (L1) to 60% (L4) for the HQ, and from 49% (L1) to 36% (L4) for the R, implying that the control of industrial emissions during heavy pollution events could alleviate risk growth as a co-benefit of controlling PM mass concentration. However, the risks associated with industrial emissions should also be considered during 'clean' days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueming Sun
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yingze Tian
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Qianqian Xue
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Bin Jia
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yang Wei
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Danlin Song
- Chengdu Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chengdu 610015, China
| | - Fengxia Huang
- Chengdu Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chengdu 610015, China
| | - Yinchang Feng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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Hong WJ, Jia H, Yang M, Li YF. Distribution, seasonal trends, and lung cancer risk of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in North China: A three-year case study in Dalian city. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 196:110526. [PMID: 32224369 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric monitoring data of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) over a three-year period were collected from an urban site in Dalian, northeast China. The status of PAHs in the atmosphere in Dalian were evaluated by assessing concentration levels, congener profiles, seasonal trends, primary source, inhalation exposure and the risk of developing lung cancer risk. Average concentrations were recorded for 53 PAHs (95 ± 40 ng/m3), 16 EPA priority PAHs (68 ± 33 ng/m3), 26 alkylated PAHs (17 ± 7.6 ng/m3) and 4 high-molecular-weight (302 Da) PAHs (1.3 ± 1.3 ng/m3). Atmospheric PAH concentrations in winter were almost twice as high as those recorded in the summer, possibly due to enhanced local emissions and long-range transport of atmospheric PAHs during the winter. PAH congeners were dominated by phenatherene, fluoranthene, pyrene and fluorene, accounting for 46.0% of total ∑53PAH concentrations. Ship/vehicle emission and mixed combustion were identified as the main sources of PAHs using diagnostic PAH concentration ratios and principal component analysis-multiple linear regression. Benzo(a)pyrene toxicity equivalent concentration had an average content of 32 ± 37 ng/m-3 over the sampling period, with dibenzo(a,h)anthracene (50.7%) and dibenzo(a,l)pyrene (26.4%) being the largest contributors. The risk of developing lung cancer due to inhalation exposure to outdoor PAHs was calculated at 12.0‰ using the overall population attributable fraction (PAF). Our results estimate that, due to PAH exposure in Dalian, the average excess lung cancer risk during a person's lifetime is 35.7 cancer cases per one million inhabitants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jun Hong
- Institute of Environmental and Health Sciences, College of Quality and Safety Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China; International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, China.
| | - Hongliang Jia
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, China
| | - Meng Yang
- Dalian Environmental Monitoring Centre, Dalian, 116023, China; International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, China
| | - Yi-Fan Li
- IJRC-PTS, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China; International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, China
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Yao S, Chen Z, Xie H, Yuan Y, Zhou R, Xu B, Chen J, Wu X, Wu Z, Jiang B, Tang X, Lu H, Nozaki T, Kim HH. Highly efficient decomposition of toluene using a high-temperature plasma-catalysis reactor. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 247:125863. [PMID: 31972485 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.125863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Plasma-catalysis technologies (PCTs) have the potential to control the emissions of volatile organic compounds, although their low-energy efficiency is a bottleneck for their practical applications. A plasma-catalyst reactor filled with a CeO2/γ-Al2O3 catalyst was developed to decompose toluene with a high-energy efficiency enhanced by the elevating reaction temperature. When the reaction temperature was raised from 50 °C to 250 °C, toluene conversion dramatically increased from 45.3% to 95.5% and the energy efficiency increased from 53.5 g/kWh to 113.0 g/kWh. Conversely, the toluene conversion using a thermal catalysis technology (TCT) exhibited a maximum of 16.7%. The activation energy of toluene decomposition using PCTs is 14.0 kJ/mol, which is far lower than those of toluene decomposition using TCTs, which implies that toluene decomposition using PCT differs from that using TCT. The experimental results revealed that the Ce3+/Ce4+ ratio decreased and Oads/Olatt ratio increased after the 40-h evaluation experiment, suggesting that CeO2 promoted the formation of the reactive oxygen species that is beneficial for toluene decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuiliang Yao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China; School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Jiangsu, 213164, China.
| | - Zhizong Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Han Xie
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Yuchen Yuan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Ruowen Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Bingqing Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Junxia Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Xinyue Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Zuliang Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China; School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Jiangsu, 213164, China.
| | - Boqiong Jiang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Xiujuan Tang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Hao Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Tomohiro Nozaki
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Hyun-Ha Kim
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, 305-8560, Japan
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Han J, Liang Y, Zhao B, Wang Y, Xing F, Qin L. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) geographical distribution in China and their source, risk assessment analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 251:312-327. [PMID: 31091495 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In China, the huge amounts of energy consumption caused severe carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) concentration in the soil and ambient air. This paper summarized that the references published in 2008-2018 and suggested that biomass, coal and vehicular emissions were categorized as major sources of PAHs in China. In 2016, the emitted PAHs in China due to the incomplete combustion of fuel was about 32720 tonnes, and the contribution of the emission sources was the sequence: biomass combustion > residential coal combustion > vehicle > coke production > refine oil > power plant > natural gas combustion. The total amount of PAHs emission in China at 2016 was significantly decreased due to the decrease of the proportion of crop resides burning (indoor and open burning). The geographical distribution of PAHs concentration demonstrated that PAHs concentration in the urban soil is 0.092-4.733 μg/g. At 2008-2012, the serious PAHs concentration in the urban soil occurred in the eastern China, which was shifted to western China after 2012. The concentration of particulate and gaseous PAHs in China is 1-151 ng/m3 and 1.08-217 ng/m3, respectively. The concentration of particle-bound PAHs in the southwest and eastern region are lower than that in north and central region of China. The incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) analysis demonstrates that ILCR in the soil and ambient air in China is below the acceptable cancer risk level of 10-6 recommended by US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), which mean that there is a low potential PAHs carcinogenic risk for the soil and ambient air in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Han
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Efficient Utilization and Agglomeration of Metallurgic Mineral Resources, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, PR China; Hubei Provincial Industrial Safety Engineering Technology Research Center, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, PR China
| | - Yangshuo Liang
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Efficient Utilization and Agglomeration of Metallurgic Mineral Resources, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, PR China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Efficient Utilization and Agglomeration of Metallurgic Mineral Resources, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, PR China.
| | - Yu Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Efficient Utilization and Agglomeration of Metallurgic Mineral Resources, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, PR China
| | - Futang Xing
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Efficient Utilization and Agglomeration of Metallurgic Mineral Resources, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, PR China
| | - Linbo Qin
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Efficient Utilization and Agglomeration of Metallurgic Mineral Resources, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, PR China.
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Chu C, Zhang H, Cui S, Han B, Zhou L, Zhang N, Su X, Niu Y, Chen W, Chen R, Zhang R, Zheng Y. Ambient PM2.5 caused depressive-like responses through Nrf2/NLRP3 signaling pathway modulating inflammation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 369:180-190. [PMID: 30776601 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
PM2.5 pollution has been associated with numerous adverse effects including cardiovascular, respiratory and metabolic diseases as well as emotional disorders. However, the potential mechanism has not known clearly. Twenty-four rats were divided into 3 groups and exposed to various airs: filtered air (FA), unfiltered air (UA) and concentrated PM2.5 air (CA), respectively. Thirty wild type (WT) and 30 Nrf2 knockout (KO) mice were divided into 2 groups and exposed to FA and UA, respectively. The changes of neurobehavioral function, neurotransmitter secretion, toxic elements deposition, oxidative stress and the inflammation in prefrontal cortex were investigated during 9-12 weeks with/without PM2.5 exposure. Results showed that CA rats and KO-UA mice emerged obviously depressive-like responses. Li, Be, Al, Cr, Co, Ni, Se, Cd, Ba, Ti and Pb could deposit in the prefrontal cortex of rats after PM2.5 exposure. The neurotransmitters were significantly disorder in prefrontal cortex of CA rats. The NLRP3 signaling pathway was more activated in Nrf2-/- than WT mice after PM2.5 exposure for 9 weeks. Nrf2/ NLRP3 signaling pathway modulating the inflammation might play an important role in the depression induced by ambient PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chu
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Haiya Zhang
- Deportment Occupational Health and Environmental Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Shijie Cui
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Bin Han
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Lixiao Zhou
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Xuan Su
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Yujie Niu
- Deportment Occupational Health and Environmental Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China; Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
| | - Rui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Dingjiaqiao 87, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China; Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China.
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- Department of Toxicology, Public Health College, Qingdao University, 266000, Qingdao, PR China.
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Zhou L, Su X, Li B, Chu C, Sun H, Zhang N, Han B, Li C, Zou B, Niu Y, Zhang R. PM2.5 exposure impairs sperm quality through testicular damage dependent on NALP3 inflammasome and miR-183/96/182 cluster targeting FOXO1 in mouse. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 169:551-563. [PMID: 30476817 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.10.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to ambient fine particular matter (PM2.5) has been clearly associated with male reproductive disorders. However, very limited toxicological studies were carried out to investigate the potential mechanisms underlying the PM2.5-induced sperm quality decline. In the present study, we established a real time whole-body PM2.5 exposure mouse model to investigate the effects of PM2.5 on sperm quality and its potential mechanisms. Sixty male C57BL/6 mice were randomly subjected to three groups: filtered air group, unfiltered air group and concentrated air group. Half of the mice from each group were sacrificed for study when the exposure duration accumulated to 8 weeks and the rest of the mice were sacrificed when exposed for 16 weeks. Our results suggested that PM2.5 exposure could induce significant increases in circulating white blood cells and inflammation in lungs. PM2.5 exposure induced apparently DNA damages and histopathologic changes in testes. There were significantly decreased sperm densities of mice, which were paralleled with the down-regulated testosterone levels in testes tissue of mice after exposure to PM2.5 for 16 weeks. The numbers of motile sperms were decreased and sperms with abnormal morphology were increased after PM2.5 exposure in a time-depended and dose-depended manner. PM2.5 exposure significantly increased the expression of the major components of the NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein3 (NALP3) inflammasome, accompanied by the increased expression of miR-183/96/182 targeting FOXO1 in testes. The present data demonstrated that sperm quality decline induced by PM2.5 could be partly explained by the inflammatory reaction in testes which might be a consequence of systemic inflammation. The molecular mechanism was depended on the activation of NALP3 inflammasome accompanied by miR-183/96/182 targeting FOXO1 in testes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixiao Zhou
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xuan Su
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Binghua Li
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chen Chu
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hongyue Sun
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Bin Han
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Bingjie Zou
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yujie Niu
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Department of Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Department of Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, China.
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11
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Spatiotemporal Changes in PM 2.5 and Their Relationships with Land-Use and People in Hangzhou. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15102192. [PMID: 30297620 PMCID: PMC6211054 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15102192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Increases in the extent and level of air pollution in Chinese cities have become a major concern of the public and burden on the government. While ample literature has focused on the status, changes and causes of air pollution (particularly on PM2.5 and PM10), significantly less is known on their effects on people. In this study we used Hangzhou, China, as our testbed to assess the direct impact of PM2.5 on youth populations that are more vulnerable to pollution. We used the ground monitoring data of air quality and Aerosol optical thickness (AOT) product from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) for the spatiotemporal changes of PM2.5 by season in 2015. We further explored these distributions with land cover, population density and schools (kindergarten, primary school and middle school) to explore the potential impacts in seeking potential mitigation solutions. We found that the seasonal variation of PM2.5 concentration was winter > spring > autumn > summer. In Hangzhou, the percentage of land area exposed to PM2.5 > 50 µg m−3 accounted for 59.86% in winter, 56.62% in spring, 40.44% in autumn and 0% in summer, whereas these figures for PM2.5 of <35 µg m−3 were 70.01%, 5.28%, 5.17%, 4.16% in summer, winter, autumn and spring, respectively. As for land cover, forest experienced PM2.5 of 35–50 µg m−3 (i.e., lower than those of other cover types), likely due to the potential filtering and absorption function of the forests. More importantly, a quantitative index based on population-weighted exposure level (pwel) indicated that only 9.06% of the population lived in areas that met the national air quality standards. Only 1.66% (14,055) of infants and juveniles lived in areas with PM2.5 of <35 µg m−3. Considering the legacy effects of PM2.5 over the long-term, we highly recommend improving the monitoring systems for both air quality and people (i.e., their health conditions), with special attention paid to infants and juveniles.
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12
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Mao L, Chen Z, Wu X, Tang X, Yao S, Zhang X, Jiang B, Han J, Wu Z, Lu H, Nozaki T. Plasma-catalyst hybrid reactor with CeO 2/γ-Al 2O 3 for benzene decomposition with synergetic effect and nano particle by-product reduction. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 347:150-159. [PMID: 29306216 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.12.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) catalyst hybrid reactor with CeO2/γ-Al2O3 catalyst balls was investigated for benzene decomposition at atmospheric pressure and 30 °C. At an energy density of 37-40 J/L, benzene decomposition was as high as 92.5% when using the hybrid reactor with 5.0wt%CeO2/γ-Al2O3; while it was 10%-20% when using a normal DBD reactor without a catalyst. Benzene decomposition using the hybrid reactor was almost the same as that using an O3 catalyst reactor with the same CeO2/γ-Al2O3 catalyst, indicating that O3 plays a key role in the benzene decomposition. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis showed that O3 adsorption on CeO2/γ-Al2O3 promotes the production of adsorbed O2- and O22‒, which contribute benzene decomposition over heterogeneous catalysts. Nano particles as by-products (phenol and 1,4-benzoquinone) from benzene decomposition can be significantly reduced using the CeO2/γ-Al2O3 catalyst. H2O inhibits benzene decomposition; however, it improves CO2 selectivity. The deactivated CeO2/γ-Al2O3 catalyst can be regenerated by performing discharges at 100 °C and 192-204 J/L. The decomposition mechanism of benzene over CeO2/γ-Al2O3 catalyst was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingai Mao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Zhizong Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Xinyue Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Xiujuan Tang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Shuiliang Yao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Zhejiang 310018, China.
| | - Xuming Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Boqiong Jiang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Jingyi Han
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Zuliang Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Hao Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Tomohiro Nozaki
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
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13
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Wang P, Zhang Q, Li Y, Matsiko J, Zhang Y, Jiang G. Airborne persistent toxic substances (PTSs) in China: occurrence and its implication associated with air pollution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2017; 19:983-999. [PMID: 28745352 DOI: 10.1039/c7em00187h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, China suffered from extensive air pollution due to the rapidly expanding economic and industrial developments. Its severe impact on human health has raised great concern currently. Persistent toxic substances (PTSs), a large group of environmental pollutants, have also received much attention due to their adverse effects on both the ecosystem and public health. However, limited studies have been conducted to reveal the airborne PTSs associated with air pollution at the national scale in China. In this review, we summarized the occurrence and variation of airborne PTSs in China, especially in megacities. These PTSs included polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), halogenated flame retardants (HFRs), perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals. The implication of their occurrence associated with air pollution was discussed, and the emission source of these chemicals was concluded. Most reviewed studies have been conducted in east and south China with more developed economy and industry. Severe contamination of airborne PTSs generally occurred in megacities with large populations, such as Guangzhou, Shanghai and Beijing. However, the summarized results suggested that industrial production and product consumption are the major sources of most PTSs in the urban environment, while unintentional emission during anthropogenic activities is an important contributor to airborne PTSs. It is important that fine particles serve as a major carrier of most airborne PTSs, which facilitates the long-range atmospheric transport (LRAT) of PTSs, and therefore, increases the exposure risk of the human body to these pollutants. This implied that not only the concentration and chemical composition of fine particles but also the absorbed PTSs are of particular concern when air pollution occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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Lu H, Wang S, Li Y, Gong H, Han J, Wu Z, Yao S, Zhang X, Tang X, Jiang B. Seasonal variations and source apportionment of atmospheric PM 2.5-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a mixed multi-function area of Hangzhou, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:16195-16205. [PMID: 28540542 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9265-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To reveal the seasonal variations and sources of PM2.5-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) during haze and non-haze episodes, daily PM2.5 samples were collected from March 2015 to February 2016 in a mixed multi-function area in Hangzhou, China. Ambient concentrations of 16 priority-controlled PAHs were determined. The sums of PM2.5-bound PAH concentrations during the haze episodes were 4.52 ± 3.32 and 13.6 ± 6.29 ng m-3 in warm and cold seasons, respectively, which were 1.99 and 1.49 times those during the non-haze episodes. Four PAH sources were identified using the positive matrix factorization model and conditional probability function, which were vehicular emissions (45%), heavy oil combustion (23%), coal and natural gas combustion (22%), and biomass combustion (10%). The four source concentrations of PAHs consistently showed higher levels in the cold season, compared with those in the warm season. Vehicular emissions were the most considerable sources that result in the increase of PM2.5-bound PAH levels during the haze episodes, and heavy oil combustion played an important role in the aggravation of haze pollution. The analysis of air mass back trajectories indicated that air mass transport had an influence on the PM2.5-bound PAH pollution, especially on the increased contributions from coal combustion and vehicular emissions in the cold season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China.
| | - Shengsheng Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Yun Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Hui Gong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Jingyi Han
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Zuliang Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Shuiliang Yao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Xuming Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Xiujuan Tang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Boqiong Jiang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
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