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Thakur K, Kuthiala T, Singh G, Arya SK, Iwai CB, Ravindran B, Khoo KS, Chang SW, Awasthi MK. An alternative approach towards nitrification and bioremediation of wastewater from aquaponics using biofilm-based bioreactors: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 316:137849. [PMID: 36642133 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Aquaponics combines the advantages of aquaculture and hydroponics as it suits the urban environment where a lack of agricultural land and water resources is observed. It is an ecologically sound system that completely reuses its system waste as plant fertilizer. It offers sustainable water savings, making it a supreme technology for food production. The two major processes that hold the system together are nitrification and denitrification. The remains of fish in form of ammonia reach the bio filters where it is converted into nitrite and further into nitrate in presence of nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria. Nitrate eventually is taken up by the plants. However, even after the uptake from the flow stream, the effluent contains remaining ammonium and nitrates, which cannot be directly released into the environment. In this review it is suggested how integrating the biofilm-based bioreactors in addition to aquaculture and hydroponics eliminates the possibility of remains of total ammonia nitrogen [TAN] contents, leading to bioremediation of effluent water from the system. Effluent water after releasing from a bioreactor can be reused in an aquaculture system, conditions provided in these bioreactors promote the growth of required bacteria and encourages the mutual development of plants and fishes and eventually leading to bioremediation of wastewater from aquaponics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritika Thakur
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Tanya Kuthiala
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Gursharan Singh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Shailendra Kumar Arya
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Chuleemas Boonthai Iwai
- Integrated Land and Water Resource Management Research and Development Center in Northeast Thailand, Khon Kaen University, Thailand; Department of Soil Science and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Balasubramani Ravindran
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University, Yeongtong-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, 16227, South Korea; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Integrative Physiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Kuan Shiong Khoo
- Biorefinery and Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Soon Woong Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University, Yeongtong-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, 16227, South Korea
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road 3# Shaanxi, Yangling, 712100, China.
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Ge Z, Ma Y, Xing W, Wu Y, Peng S, Mao L, Miao Z. Inorganic Nitrogen-Containing Aerosol Deposition Caused "Excessive Photosynthesis" of Herbs, Resulting in Increased Nitrogen Demand. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2225. [PMID: 36079607 PMCID: PMC9460276 DOI: 10.3390/plants11172225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The amount of atmospheric nitrogen-containing aerosols has increased dramatically due to the globally rising levels of nitrogen from fertilization and atmospheric deposition. Although the balance of carbon and nitrogen in plants is a crucial component of physiological and biochemical indexes and plays a key role in adaptive regulation, our understanding of how nitrogen-containing aerosols affect this remains limited; in particular, regarding the associated mechanisms. Using a fumigation particle generator, we generated ammonium nitrate solution (in four concentrations of 0, 15, 30, 60 kg N hm-2 year-1) into droplets, in 90% of which the diameters were less than 2.5 μm, in the range of 0.35-4 μm, and fumigated Iris germanica L. and Portulaca grandiflora Hook. for 30 days in April and August. We found that the weight percentage of nitrogen in the upper epidermis, mesophyll tissue, and bulk of leaves decreased significantly with the N addition rate, which caused a decrease of carbon:nitrogen ratio, due to the enhanced net photosynthetic rate. Compared with Portulaca grandiflora Hook., Iris germanica L. responded more significantly to the disturbance of N addition, resulting in a decrease in the weight percentage of nitrogen in the roots, due to a lower nitrogen use efficiency. In addition, the superoxide dismutase activity of the two plants was inhibited with a higher concentration of nitrogen sol; a reduction of superoxide dismutase activity in plants means that the resistance of plants to various environmental stresses is reduced, and this decrease in superoxide dismutase activity may be related to ROS signaling. The results suggest that inorganic nitrogen-containing aerosols caused excessive stress to plants, especially for Iris germanica L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Ge
- College of Biology and the Environment, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- NFU Academy of Chinese Ecological Progress and Forestry Development Studies, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yunran Ma
- College of Biology and the Environment, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Wei Xing
- College of Biology and the Environment, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Jiangsu Academy of Forestry, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Yongbo Wu
- College of Biology and the Environment, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Sili Peng
- College of Biology and the Environment, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Lingfeng Mao
- College of Biology and the Environment, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- NFU Academy of Chinese Ecological Progress and Forestry Development Studies, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zimei Miao
- College of Biology and the Environment, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- NFU Academy of Chinese Ecological Progress and Forestry Development Studies, Nanjing 210037, China
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Gullian-Klanian M, Gold-Bouchot G, Delgadillo-Díaz M, Aranda J, Sánchez-Solís MJ. Effect of the use of Bacillus spp. on the characteristics of dissolved fluorescent organic matter and the phytochemical quality of Stevia rebaudiana grown in a recirculating aquaponic system. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:36326-36343. [PMID: 33694112 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13148-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The effect of the incorporation of mineralizing Bacillus spp. on the characteristics of fluorescent organic matter (FDOM) in a recirculating aquaculture system (Nile tilapia-Stevia rebaudiana) was evaluated. EEM-PARAFAC analysis was used to determine the composition of the dissolved organic matter and to study its relationship with nitrogen transformation. The composition and antioxidant activity of Stevia leaves were used as indicators of the benefits of bacterial supplementation on nutrient absorption. Two systems were used, each consisting of a circular fish tank (1.7 m3) and six units of the nutrient film (0.18 m3). One system was supplemented with bacteria (BS), while the other was used as control (NBS). The inclusion of Bacillus spp. facilitated mineralization and the availability of total phosphorus (TP), K+, and nitrogen, and also controlled the total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) for 56 days without water exchange. FDOM was modeled by four components (3-humic-like, 1-protein-like), which were good indicators of the process of mineralization. The fluorescence intensity in the biofilter was significantly correlated with TP, K+, temperature, and the absorption coefficient a254. The fluorescence index (FI) was a good indicator of the process of nitrification. Plants from BS required 46.4% less NO3- and 47.8% less K+ compared to the control, and absorbed 45.1% more TP. BS-Stevia leaves produced 38.6% more reducing sugars, 28.6% more flavonoids, and 35.9% more glycosylated flavonoids than the control. The fish in the BS system reached a higher final weight than NBS, resulting in a 1 kg/m3 higher gross yield. Even so, it will be necessary to reduce the pH of the water to increase the antioxidant scavenging capacity of the plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariel Gullian-Klanian
- University Marist of Mérida, Periférico Nte Tablaje Catastral 13941, CP, 97300, Mérida, Yucatan, México.
| | - Gerardo Gold-Bouchot
- Oceanography Department and Geochemical and Environmental Research Group (GERG), Texas A&M University, 3146 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843-3146, USA
| | - Mariana Delgadillo-Díaz
- University Marist of Mérida, Periférico Nte Tablaje Catastral 13941, CP, 97300, Mérida, Yucatan, México
| | - Javier Aranda
- University Marist of Mérida, Periférico Nte Tablaje Catastral 13941, CP, 97300, Mérida, Yucatan, México
| | - María José Sánchez-Solís
- University Marist of Mérida, Periférico Nte Tablaje Catastral 13941, CP, 97300, Mérida, Yucatan, México
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