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Yu M, Oskarsson A, Alexander J, Lundqvist J. Estrogenic, androgenic, and genotoxic activities of zearalenone and deoxynivalenol in in vitro bioassays including exogenous metabolic activation. Mycotoxin Res 2024; 40:331-346. [PMID: 38587710 PMCID: PMC11258189 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-024-00529-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEN) and deoxynivalenol (DON) and their derivatives are well-known mycotoxins, which can occur not only in crops but also in water bodies, including drinking water sources. In vitro bioassays can be used to detect biological effects of hazardous compounds in water. To this, when studying biological effects and toxicity in vitro, metabolism is important to consider. In this study, ZEN, α-zearalenol (α-ZEL), DON, 3-acetyl DON, and 15-acetyl DON were evaluated in vitro for hormone receptor-mediated effects (estrogen receptor [ER] and androgen receptor [AR]) and genotoxicity (micronucleus assay) in the presence of an exogenous metabolic activation system (MAS). The ER bioassay proved to be a highly sensitive method to detect low concentrations of the ZEN compounds (EC10 values of 31.4 pM for ZEN, 3.59 pM for α-ZEL) in aqueous solutions. In the presence of the MAS, reduced estrogenic effects were observed for both ZEN compounds (EC10 values of 6.47 × 103 pM for ZEN, 1.55 × 102 pM for α-ZEL). Of the DON compounds, only 3-acetyl DON was estrogenic (EC10 of 0.31 µM), and the effect was removed in the presence of the MAS. Anti-androgenic effects of the ZEN compounds and androgenic effects of the DON compounds were detected in the micromolar range. No induction of genotoxicity was detected for ZEN or DON in the presence of the MAS. Our study highlighted that inclusion of exogenous MAS is a useful tool to detect biological effects of metabolites in in vitro bioassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Yu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Agneta Oskarsson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan Alexander
- Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 222 Skøyen, NO-0213, Oslo, Norway
| | - Johan Lundqvist
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
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2
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Wang SY, Herrera-Balandrano DD, Shi XC, Chen X, Liu FQ, Laborda P. Occurrence of aflatoxins in water and decontamination strategies: A review. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 232:119703. [PMID: 36758357 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxins are highly carcinogenic metabolites produced by some Aspergillus species and are the most prevalent mycotoxins. Although aflatoxins are commonly synthesized during fungal colonization in preharvest maize, cereals, and nuts, they can be transported by rainfall to surface water and are a common toxin found in wastewater from some food industries. Here, the occurrence of aflatoxins in bodies of water is reviewed for the first time, along with the decontamination methods. Aflatoxins have been detected in surface, wastewater and drinking water, including tap and bottled water. The specific sources of water contamination remain unclear, which is an important gap that must be addressed in future research. Two main kinds of decontamination methods have been reported, including degradation and adsorption. The best degradation rates were observed using gamma and UV irradiations, oxidoreductases and ozone, while the best adsorption abilities were observed with minerals, polyvinyl alcohol, durian peel and activated carbon. Synthetic polymers could be used as membranes in pipes to remove aflatoxins in water flows. Although most decontamination methods were screened using AFB1, the other commonly found aflatoxins were not used in the screenings. Overall, the occurrence of aflatoxins in water could be a significant emerging public health concern largely ignored by local and international legislation. Numerous advances have been reported for the decontamination of aflatoxins in water; however, there is still a long way to go to put them into practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Yan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | | | - Xin-Chi Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Xin Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Feng-Quan Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Pedro Laborda
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China.
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3
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Lin D, Fu Y, Li X, Wang L, Hou M, Hu D, Li Q, Zhang Z, Xu C, Qiu S, Wang Z, Boczkaj G. Application of persulfate-based oxidation processes to address diverse sustainability challenges: A critical review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 440:129722. [PMID: 35963083 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Over the past years, persulfate (PS) is widely applied due to their high versatility and efficacy in decontamination and sterilization. While treatment of organic chemicals, remediation of soil and groundwater, sludge treatment, disinfection on pathogen microorganisms have been covered by most published reviews, there are no comprehensive and specific reviews on its application to address diverse sustainability challenges, including solid waste treatment, resources recovery and regeneration of ecomaterials. PS applications mainly rely on direct oxidation by PS itself or the reactive sulfate radical (SO4•-) or hydroxyl radical (•OH) from the activation of peroxodisulfate (PDS, S2O82-) or peroxymonosulfate (PMS, HSO5-) in SO4•--based advanced oxidation processes (SO4•--AOPs). From a broader perspective of environmental cleanup and sustainability, this review summarizes the various applications of PS except pollutant decontamination and elaborates the possible reaction mechanisms. Additionally, the differences between PS treatment and conventional technologies are highlighted. Challenges, research needs and future prospect are thus discussed to promote the development of the applications of PS-based oxidation processes in niche environmental fields. In all, this review is a call to pay more attention to the possibilities of PS application in practical resource reutilization and environmental protection except widely reported pollutant degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagang Lin
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xiaodie Li
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Lingli Wang
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Meiru Hou
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Dongdong Hu
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Qingchao Li
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Chunxiao Xu
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Sifan Qiu
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Technology Innovation Center for Land Spatial Eco-restoration in Metropolitan Area, Ministry of Natural Resources, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Grzegorz Boczkaj
- Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza St. 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland; EkoTech Center, Gdansk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza St. 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
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Urinary Aflatoxin M1 Concentration and Its Determinants in School-Age Children in Southern Ethiopia. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132580. [PMID: 35807760 PMCID: PMC9268381 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxins are mycotoxins that can contaminate grains, legumes, and oil seeds. These toxic compounds are an especially serious problem in tropical and sub-tropical climates. The objective of this study was to raise awareness of aflatoxin exposure among primary school children in Shebedino woreda, southern Ethiopia, by measuring urinary aflatoxin M1 (AFM1). The study employed a cross-sectional design and systematic random sampling of children from eight schools in the district. The mean ± SD age of the children was 9.0 ± 1.8 years. Most (84.6%) households were food insecure with 17.9% severely food insecure. Urinary AFM1 was detected in more than 93% of the children. The median [IQR] concentration of AFM1/Creat was 480 [203, 1085] pg/mg. Based on a multiple regression analysis: DDS, consumption of haricot bean or milk, source of drinking water, maternal education, and household food insecurity access scale scores were significantly associated with urinary AFM1/Creat. In conclusion, a high prevalence of urinary AFM1 was observed in this study. However, the relation between AFM1 and dietary intake was analyzed based on self-reported dietary data; hence, all of the staple foods as well as animal feeds in the study area should be assessed for aflatoxin contamination.
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Goessens T, De Baere S, Deknock A, De Troyer N, Van Leeuwenberg R, Martel A, Pasmans F, Goethals P, Lens L, Spanoghe P, Vanhaecke L, Croubels S. Agricultural contaminants in amphibian breeding ponds: Occurrence, risk and correlation with agricultural land use. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150661. [PMID: 34597541 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic pressure such as agricultural pollution globally affects amphibian populations. In this study, a total of 178 different compounds from five agrochemical groups (i.e. antimicrobial drugs residues (ADRs), coccidiostats and anthelmintics, heavy metals, mycotoxins and pesticides) were determined monthly, from March until June 2019 in 26 amphibian breeding ponds in Flanders, Belgium. Furthermore, a possible correlation between the number and concentration of selected contaminants that were found and the percentage of arable land within a 200 m radius was studied. Within each group, the highest detected concentrations were obtained for 4-epioxytetracycline (0.422 μg L-1), levamisole (0.550 μg L-1), zinc (333.1 μg L-1), 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (0.013 μg L-1), and terbuthylazine (38.7 μg L-1), respectively, with detection frequencies ranging from 1 (i.e. 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol) to 26 (i.e. zinc) out of 26 ponds. Based on reported acute and chronic ecotoxicological endpoints, detected concentrations of bifenthrin, cadmium, copper, cypermethrin, hexachlorobenzene, mercury, terbuthylazine, and zinc pose a substantial ecological risk to aquatic invertebrates such as Daphnia magna and Ceriodaphnia dubia, which both play a role in the food web and potentially in amphibian disease dynamics. Additionally, the detected concentrations of copper were high enough to exert chronic toxicity in the gray treefrog (Hyla versicolor). The number of detected compounds per pond ranged between 0 and 5 (ADRs), 0 - 2 (coccidiostats and anthelmintics), 1 - 7 (heavy metals), 0 - 4 (mycotoxins), and 0 - 12 (pesticides) across the four months. Furthermore, no significant correlation was demonstrated between the number of detected compounds per pond, as well as the detected concentrations of 4-epioxytetracycline, levamisole, copper, zinc, enniatin B and terbuthylazine, and the percentage of arable land within a 200 m radius. For heavy metals and pesticides, the number of compounds per pond varied significantly between months. Conclusively, amphibian breeding ponds in Flanders were frequently contaminated with agrochemicals, yielding concentrations up to the high μg per liter level, regardless of the percentage surrounding arable land, however showing temporal variation for heavy metals and pesticides. This research also identifies potential hazardous substances which may be added to the European watch list (CD 2018/408/EC) in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Goessens
- Ghent University, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - S De Baere
- Ghent University, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - A Deknock
- Ghent University, Department of Biology, Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Aquatic Ecology Unit, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent, Belgium
| | - N De Troyer
- Ghent University, Department of Biology, Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Aquatic Ecology Unit, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent, Belgium
| | - R Van Leeuwenberg
- Ghent University, Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Laboratory of Bacteriology and Mycology, Wildlife Health Ghent, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - A Martel
- Ghent University, Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Laboratory of Bacteriology and Mycology, Wildlife Health Ghent, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - F Pasmans
- Ghent University, Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Laboratory of Bacteriology and Mycology, Wildlife Health Ghent, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - P Goethals
- Ghent University, Department of Biology, Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Aquatic Ecology Unit, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent, Belgium
| | - L Lens
- Ghent University, Department of Biology, Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent, Belgium
| | - P Spanoghe
- Ghent University, Department of Plants and Crops, Laboratory of Crop Protection Chemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent, Belgium
| | - L Vanhaecke
- Ghent University, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Laboratory of Chemical Analysis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Merelbeke, Belgium; Queen's University, School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Global Food Security, Belfast, Ireland
| | - S Croubels
- Ghent University, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Merelbeke, Belgium
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6
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Jevtić I, Jakšić S, Simin DČ, Uzelac M, Abramović B. UV-induction of photolytic and photocatalytic degradation of fumonisins in water: reaction kinetics and toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:53917-53925. [PMID: 34041664 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14535-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although fumonisins are toxic and carcinogenic mold products that contaminate feed, food, and water, their photodegradation has not yet been reported. In this work, the efficiency of photolysis (UV, UV/H2O2, and UV/[Formula: see text]) and photocatalysis (TiO2 (Degussa P25/Wackherr) and ZnO) for the degradation of fumonisins in an aqueous medium were investigated. In the case of fumonisin B1 (FB1) optimal conditions in terms of pH, the initial concentrations of H2O2/[Formula: see text] for UV, UV/H2O2, and UV/[Formula: see text] treatments were investigated. The photocatalytic degradation using TiO2 Wackherr as catalyst at natural pH (about 8) proved to be the most efficient treatment for removal of FB1 and FB3. Namely, during the first 30 min of irradiation, 99% of FB1 (1.39 μM) was degraded, while FB3 (0.425 μM) was completely removed during the first 20 min of irradiation. In the case of FB2 (0.687 μM), UV/[Formula: see text] was the most efficient treatment, and complete removal occurred in the first 90 min of irradiation. All applied treatments for fumonisins removal have followed pseudo-first-order kinetics under the relevant experimental conditions. Toxicity of fumonisins and their mixtures formed during photodegradation were investigated using mammalian cell lines (BHK, H-4-II-E, Neuro-2a, and MRC-5). The BHK cell line was the most sensitive to fumonisins, especially FB2 and FB3, and its photodegradation mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Jevtić
- University of Novi Sad Faculty of Sciences, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia
| | - Sandra Jakšić
- Scientific Veterinary Institute Novi Sad, Rumenački put 20, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia.
| | - Dragana Četojević Simin
- Oncology Institute of Vojvodina, Put dr Goldmana 4, Sremska Kamenica, 21204, Serbia
- Singidunum University, Danijelova 32, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Maria Uzelac
- University of Novi Sad Faculty of Sciences, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia
| | - Biljana Abramović
- University of Novi Sad Faculty of Sciences, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia
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Mycotoxins as Emerging Contaminants. Introduction to the Special Issue "Rapid Detection of Mycotoxin Contamination". Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13070475. [PMID: 34357947 PMCID: PMC8310339 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13070475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Goessens T, Baere SD, Troyer ND, Deknock A, Goethals P, Lens L, Pasmans F, Croubels S. Multi-residue analysis of 20 mycotoxins including major metabolites and emerging mycotoxins in freshwater using UHPLC-MS/MS and application to freshwater ponds in flanders, Belgium. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 196:110366. [PMID: 33129857 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are known for their negative impact on human and animal health as they frequently contaminate food and feed products from crop origin that are consumed by humans and animals. Furthermore, mycotoxins can leach out of plant tissue, to be transported through runoff water into nearby ponds where they can exert negative effects on aquatic organisms, such as fish, amphibians and zooplankton. The overall goal of this study was to develop a SPE-UHPLC-MS/MS method for the detection and quantification of multiple mycotoxins in amphibian breeding ponds. The method was validated and yielded acceptable within-run and between-run apparent recoveries and precision, as well as good linearity. Matrix effects (i.e. 75.7-109.6%, ≤ 17.8% RSD) were evaluated using water from 20 different ponds in Flanders, Belgium. By incorporating internal standards, overall results improved and adequate precision values (i.e. ≤ 15%) were obtained according to the EMA guideline. Additionally, extraction recovery (n = 3) was evaluated, yielding good results for all mycotoxins (i.e. 75.3-109.1%, ≤15% RSD), except for AME (i.e. 6.7 ± 0.7%), which implied the need for a matrix-matched calibration curve. Detection sensitivity was in the low nanograms per liter range. Storage stability experiments indicated that sample storage at 4 °C in amber glass bottles and analysis performed within 96 h after sampling was sufficient to avoid loss by degradation for all compounds, excluding β-ZAL and β-ZEL, for which analysis within 24 h is more indicated. The method was successfully applied to water samples originating from 18 amphibian breeding ponds situated across Flanders. Overall, enniatins B, B1 and A1 were most commonly detected at maximum concentrations of 6.9, 3.3 and 2.6 ng L-1, respectively, followed by detection of beauvericin (1.1 ng L-1 and < 1 ng L-1), alternariol monomethyl ether (< 10 ng L-1), HT2-toxin (< 40 ng L-1), zearalenone (< 25 ng L-1) and α-zearalanol (< 10 ng L-1). We believe that this method will boost further research into the dynamics and ecotoxicological impact of mycotoxins in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Goessens
- Ghent University, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - S De Baere
- Ghent University, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - N De Troyer
- Ghent University, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Aquatic Ecology Unit, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent, Belgium
| | - A Deknock
- Ghent University, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Aquatic Ecology Unit, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent, Belgium
| | - P Goethals
- Ghent University, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Aquatic Ecology Unit, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent, Belgium
| | - L Lens
- Ghent University, Department of Biology, Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent, Belgium
| | - F Pasmans
- Ghent University, Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Laboratory of Bacteriology and Mycology, Wildlife Health Ghent, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - S Croubels
- Ghent University, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Gémes B, Takács E, Gádoros P, Barócsi A, Kocsányi L, Lenk S, Csákányi A, Kautny S, Domján L, Szarvas G, Adányi N, Nabok A, Mörtl M, Székács A. Development of an Immunofluorescence Assay Module for Determination of the Mycotoxin Zearalenone in Water. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:182. [PMID: 33801263 PMCID: PMC8000975 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13030182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Project Aquafluosense is designed to develop prototypes for a fluorescence-based instrumentation setup for in situ measurements of several characteristic parameters of water quality. In the scope of the project an enzyme-linked fluorescent immunoassay (ELFIA) method has been developed for the detection of several environmental xenobiotics, including mycotoxin zearalenone (ZON). ZON, produced by several plant pathogenic Fusarium species, has recently been identified as an emerging pollutant in surface water, presenting a hazard to aquatic ecosystems. Due to its physico-chemical properties, detection of ZON at low concentrations in surface water is a challenging task. The 96-well microplate-based fluorescence instrument is capable of detecting ZON in the concentration range of 0.09-400 ng/mL. The sensitivity and accuracy of the analytical method has been demonstrated by a comparative assessment with detection by high-performance liquid chromatography and by total internal reflection ellipsometry. The limit of detection of the method, 0.09 ng/mL, falls in the low range compared to the other reported immunoassays, but the main advantage of this ELFIA method is its efficacy in combined in situ applications for determination of various important water quality parameters detectable by induced fluorimerty-e.g., total organic carbon content, algal density or the level of other organic micropollutants detectable by immunofluorimetry. In addition, the immunofluorescence module can readily be expanded to other target analytes if proper antibodies are available for detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borbála Gémes
- Agro-Environmental Research Centre, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Herman O. út 15, H-1022 Budapest, Hungary; (B.G.); (E.T.); (M.M.)
| | - Eszter Takács
- Agro-Environmental Research Centre, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Herman O. út 15, H-1022 Budapest, Hungary; (B.G.); (E.T.); (M.M.)
| | - Patrik Gádoros
- Department of Atomic Physics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary; (P.G.); (A.B.); (L.K.); (S.L.)
| | - Attila Barócsi
- Department of Atomic Physics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary; (P.G.); (A.B.); (L.K.); (S.L.)
| | - László Kocsányi
- Department of Atomic Physics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary; (P.G.); (A.B.); (L.K.); (S.L.)
| | - Sándor Lenk
- Department of Atomic Physics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary; (P.G.); (A.B.); (L.K.); (S.L.)
| | - Attila Csákányi
- Optimal Optik Ltd., Dayka Gábor u. 6/B, H-1118 Budapest, Hungary; (A.C.); (S.K.); (L.D.); (G.S.)
| | - Szabolcs Kautny
- Optimal Optik Ltd., Dayka Gábor u. 6/B, H-1118 Budapest, Hungary; (A.C.); (S.K.); (L.D.); (G.S.)
| | - László Domján
- Optimal Optik Ltd., Dayka Gábor u. 6/B, H-1118 Budapest, Hungary; (A.C.); (S.K.); (L.D.); (G.S.)
| | - Gábor Szarvas
- Optimal Optik Ltd., Dayka Gábor u. 6/B, H-1118 Budapest, Hungary; (A.C.); (S.K.); (L.D.); (G.S.)
| | - Nóra Adányi
- Food Science Research Centre, Institute of Food Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Herman O. út 15, H-1022 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Alexei Nabok
- Materials and Engineering Research Institute, Sheffield Hallam University, Howard Street, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK;
| | - Mária Mörtl
- Agro-Environmental Research Centre, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Herman O. út 15, H-1022 Budapest, Hungary; (B.G.); (E.T.); (M.M.)
| | - András Székács
- Agro-Environmental Research Centre, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Herman O. út 15, H-1022 Budapest, Hungary; (B.G.); (E.T.); (M.M.)
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Suspect and Target Screening of Natural Toxins in the Ter River Catchment Area in NE Spain and Prioritisation by Their Toxicity. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12120752. [PMID: 33260604 PMCID: PMC7759803 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12120752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study presents the application of a suspect screening approach to screen a wide range of natural toxins, including mycotoxins, bacterial toxins, and plant toxins, in surface waters. The method is based on a generic solid-phase extraction procedure, using three sorbent phases in two cartridges that are connected in series, hence covering a wide range of polarities, followed by liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry. The acquisition was performed in the full-scan and data-dependent modes while working under positive and negative ionisation conditions. This method was applied in order to assess the natural toxins in the Ter River water reservoirs, which are used to produce drinking water for Barcelona city (Spain). The study was carried out during a period of seven months, covering the expected prior, during, and post-peak blooming periods of the natural toxins. Fifty-three (53) compounds were tentatively identified, and nine of these were confirmed and quantified. Phytotoxins were identified as the most frequent group of natural toxins in the water, particularly the alkaloids group. Finally, the toxins identified to levels 2 and 1 were prioritised according to their bioaccumulation factor, biodegradability, frequency of detection, and toxicity. This screening and prioritisation approach resulted in different natural toxins that should be further assessed for their ecotoxicological effects and considered in future studies.
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Afonso TB, Simões LC, Lima N. Occurrence of filamentous fungi in drinking water: their role on fungal-bacterial biofilm formation. Res Microbiol 2020; 172:103791. [PMID: 33197515 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Water is indispensable to life and safe and accessible supply must be available to all. The presence of microorganisms is a threat to this commitment. Biofilms are the main reservoir of microorganisms inside water distribution systems and they are extremely ecologically diverse. Filamentous fungi and bacteria can coexist inside these systems forming inter-kingdom biofilms. This review has the goal of summarizing the most relevant and recent reports on the occurrence of filamentous fungi in water distribution systems along with the current knowledge and gaps about filamentous fungal biofilm formation. Special focus is given on fungal-bacterial interactions in water biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nelson Lima
- CEB, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
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12
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Abstract
In the race to enhance agricultural productivity, irrigation will become more dependent on poorly characterized and virtually unmonitored sources of water. Increased use of irrigation water has led to impaired water and soil quality in many areas. Historically, soil salinization and reduced crop productivity have been the primary focus of irrigation water quality. Recently, there is increasing evidence for the occurrence of geogenic contaminants in water. The appearance of trace elements and an increase in the use of wastewater has highlighted the vulnerability and complexities of the composition of irrigation water and its role in ensuring proper crop growth, and long-term food quality. Analytical capabilities of measuring vanishingly small concentrations of biologically-active organic contaminants, including steroid hormones, plasticizers, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products, in a variety of irrigation water sources provide the means to evaluate uptake and occurrence in crops but do not resolve questions related to food safety or human health effects. Natural and synthetic nanoparticles are now known to occur in many water sources, potentially altering plant growth and food standard. The rapidly changing quality of irrigation water urgently needs closer attention to understand and predict long-term effects on soils and food crops in an increasingly fresh-water stressed world.
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13
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Paterson RRM, Buddie A. Your mycotoxins in water paper. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:13676. [PMID: 30357675 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3544-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R Russell M Paterson
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Alan Buddie
- CABI Egham UK, Bakeham Lane, Egham, Surrey, UK
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