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Gizaw Z, Salubi E, Pietroniro A, Schuster-Wallace CJ. Impacts of climate change on water-related mosquito-borne diseases in temperate regions: A systematic review of literature and meta-analysis. Acta Trop 2024; 258:107324. [PMID: 39009235 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Mosquito-borne diseases are a known tropical phenomenon. This review was conducted to assess the mecha-nisms through which climate change impacts mosquito-borne diseases in temperate regions. Articles were searched from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases. Identification criteria were scope (climate change and mosquito-borne diseases), region (temperate), article type (peer-reviewed), publication language (English), and publication years (since 2015). The WWH (who, what, how) framework was applied to develop the research question and thematic analyses identified the mechanisms through which climate change affects mosquito-borne diseases. While temperature ranges for disease transmission vary per mosquito species, all are viable for temperate regions, particularly given projected temperature increases. Zika, chikungunya, and dengue transmission occurs between 18-34 °C (peak at 26-29 °C). West Nile virus establishment occurs at monthly average temperatures between 14-34.3 °C (peak at 23.7-25 °C). Malaria establishment occurs when the consecutive average daily temperatures are above 16 °C until the sum is above 210 °C. The identified mechanisms through which climate change affects the transmission of mosquito-borne diseases in temperate regions include: changes in the development of vectors and pathogens; changes in mosquito habitats; extended transmission seasons; changes in geographic spread; changes in abundance and behaviors of hosts; reduced abundance of mosquito predators; interruptions to control operations; and influence on other non-climate factors. Process and stochastic approaches as well as dynamic and spatial models exist to predict mosquito population dynamics, disease transmission, and climate favorability. Future projections based on the observed relations between climate factors and mosquito-borne diseases suggest that mosquito-borne disease expansion is likely to occur in temperate regions due to climate change. While West Nile virus is already established in some temperate regions, Zika, dengue, chikungunya, and malaria are also likely to become established over time. Moving forward, more research is required to model future risks by incorporating climate, environmental, sociodemographic, and mosquito-related factors under changing climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zemichael Gizaw
- Department of Geography and Planning, University of Saskatchewan, 117 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5C8, Canada; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia; Global Institute for Water Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Eunice Salubi
- Department of Geography and Planning, University of Saskatchewan, 117 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5C8, Canada
| | - Alain Pietroniro
- Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, 622 Collegiate Pl NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4V8, Canada; Global Institute for Water Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Corinne J Schuster-Wallace
- Department of Geography and Planning, University of Saskatchewan, 117 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5C8, Canada; Global Institute for Water Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
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Elsawy BSM, Abdel-Ghany HSM, Alzan HF, Abdel-Shafy S, Shahein YE. Molecular screening of piroplasms and Anaplasmataceae agents in Hyalomma dromedarii ticks from camels over different seasons in Egypt. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2024:10.1007/s10493-024-00957-w. [PMID: 39320534 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-024-00957-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
Piroplasmosis, a disease of domestic and wild animals, is caused by tick-borne protozoa of the genera Babesia and Theileria, while anaplasmosis is caused by tick-borne bacteria of genera Anaplasma. Hyalomma dromedarii is the most dominant tick species infesting camels in Egypt and act as a vector of piroplasms, Anaplasma, Rickettsia and Ehrlichia spp. The available information concerning the detection of these pathogens in H. dromedarii infesting camels is limited. The present study aimed to evaluate the status of these pathogens in H. dromedarii ticks over four seasons of a year, in addition to investigate the infections of piroplasms and Anaplasmataceae besides their genetic diversity starting from June 2021 till April 2022. A total of 275 semi-engorged females of H. dromedarii were collected from different slaughtered camels, Toukh city slaughterhouse then investigated by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) to detect piroplasms (Babesia spp., Theileria spp.) and Anaplasmataceae DNA targeting 18 S rRNA and 16 S rRNA genes, respectively followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analyses. Overall, piroplasms were detected in 38 ticks (13.8%), Babesia spp. was detected in 35 ticks (12.7%), while Theileria spp. was detected in one tick (0.4%). Anaplasmataceae was detected in 57 ticks (20.7%). Mixed infections of piroplasms and Anaplasmataceae were detected in 13 ticks (5%). Single infection either with piroplasms or Anaplasmataceae was detected in 25 (9%) and 44 (16%) ticks, respectively. The highest monthly rate of piroplasms was in April (spring) and Anaplasmataceae was in July (summer). Sequence analysis revealed that Babesia bigemina, Wolbachia spp. and Anaplasma marginale are the most dominant species in the examined tick samples. To the best of our knowledge, this study confirms the presence of B. bigemina, Wolbachia spp. and A. marginale in H. dromedarii in Egypt by sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassma S M Elsawy
- Parasitology and Animal Diseases Department, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt
- Ticks and Tick-Borne Diseases Research Unit, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hoda S M Abdel-Ghany
- Parasitology and Animal Diseases Department, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt
- Ticks and Tick-Borne Diseases Research Unit, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Heba F Alzan
- Parasitology and Animal Diseases Department, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt
- Ticks and Tick-Borne Diseases Research Unit, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sobhy Abdel-Shafy
- Parasitology and Animal Diseases Department, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt
- Ticks and Tick-Borne Diseases Research Unit, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Yasser E Shahein
- Molecular Biology Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Dokki, Egypt.
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Moise IK, Huang Q, Mutebi JP, Petrie WD. Effects of Hurricane Irma on mosquito abundance and species composition in a metropolitan Gulf coastal city, 2016-2018. Sci Rep 2024; 14:21886. [PMID: 39300158 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-72734-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Mosquitoes are the most common disease vectors worldwide. In coastal cities, the spread, activity, and longevity of vector mosquitoes are influenced by environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and rainfall, which affect their geographic distribution, biting rates, and lifespan. We examined mosquito abundance and species composition before and after Hurricane Irma in Miami, Dade County, Florida, and identified which mosquito species predominated post-Hurricane Irma. Our results showed that mosquito populations increased post-Hurricane Irma: 7.3 and 8.0 times more mosquitoes were captured in 2017 than at baseline, 2016 and 2018 respectively. Warmer temperatures accelerated larval development, resulting in faster emergence of adult mosquitoes. In BG-Sentinel traps, primary species like Ae. tortills, Cx. nigripalpus, and Cx. quinquefasciatus dominated the post-Hurricane Irma period. Secondary vectors that dominated post-Hurricane Irma include An. atropos, An. crucians, An. quadrimaculatus, Cx. erraticus, and Ps. columbiae. After Hurricane Irma, the surge in mosquito populations in Miami, Florida heightened disease risk. To mitigate and prevent future risks, we must enhance surveillance, raise public awareness, and implement targeted vector control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imelda K Moise
- Department of Geography, University of Miami, 1300 Campo Sano Ave, Coral Gables, FL, 33124, USA.
| | - Qian Huang
- Department of Geography, University of Miami, 1300 Campo Sano Ave, Coral Gables, FL, 33124, USA
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Ni H, Cai X, Ren J, Dai T, Zhou J, Lin J, Wang L, Wang L, Pei S, Yao Y, Xu T, Xiao L, Liu Q, Liu X, Guo P. Epidemiological characteristics and transmission dynamics of dengue fever in China. Nat Commun 2024; 15:8060. [PMID: 39277600 PMCID: PMC11401889 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52460-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024] Open
Abstract
China has experienced successive waves of dengue epidemics over the past decade. Nationwide data on 95,339 dengue cases, 89 surveillance sites for mosquito density and population mobility between 337 cities during 2013-20 were extracted. Weekly dengue time series including time trends and harmonic terms were fitted using seasonal regression models, and the amplitude and peak timing of the annual and semiannual cycles were estimated. A data-driven model-inference approach was used to simulate the epidemic at city-scale and estimate time-evolving epidemiological parameters. We found that the geographical distribution of dengue cases was expanding, and the main imported areas as well as external sources of imported cases changed. Dengue cases were predominantly concentrated in southern China and it exhibited an annual peak of activity, typically peaking in September. The annual amplitude of dengue epidemic varied with latitude (F = 19.62, P = 0.0001), mainly characterizing by large in southern cities and small in northern cities. The effective reproduction number Reff across cities is commonly greater than 1 in several specific months from July to November, further confirming the seasonal fluctuations and spatial heterogeneity of dengue epidemics. The results of this national study help to better informing interventions for future dengue epidemics in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haobo Ni
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Cai
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Jiarong Ren
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Dai
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Jiayi Zhou
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Jiumin Lin
- Department of Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingxi Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Sen Pei
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yunchong Yao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Lina Xiao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Qiyong Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
- Department of Vector Control, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Infectious Diseases, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Xiaobo Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
- Department of Vector Control, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Infectious Diseases, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Pi Guo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China.
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Mo Q, Nawaz S, Kulyar MF, Li K, Li Y, Zhang Z, Rahim MF, Ahmed AE, Ijaz F, Li J. Exploring the intricacies of Pasteurella multocida dynamics in high-altitude livestock and its consequences for bovine health: A personal exploration of the yak paradox. Microb Pathog 2024; 194:106799. [PMID: 39025382 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Pasturella multocida (P. multocida), a gram-negative bacterium, has long been a focus of interest in animal health because of its capacity to cause different infections, including hemorrhagic septicemia. Yaks, primarily found in high-altitude environments, are among the several livestock animals affected by these bacteria. Yaks are essential to the socioeconomic life of the people who depend on them since they are adapted to the cold and hypoxic conditions of highland environments. Nevertheless, these terrains exhibit a greater incidence of P. multocida despite the severe environmental complications. This predominance has been linked to the possible attenuation of the yak's immunological responses in such circumstances and the evolution of some bacterial strains to favor survival in the respiratory passages of the animals. Moreover, these particular strains threaten other cattle populations that interact with yaks, which might result in unanticipated outbreaks in areas previously thought to be low risk. Considering these findings, designing and executing preventative and control strategies suited explicitly for these distinct biological environments is imperative. Through such strategies, yaks' health will be guaranteed, and a larger bovine population will be safeguarded against unanticipated epidemics. The current review provides thorough insights that were previously dispersed among several investigations. Its distinct method of connecting the ecology of yaks with the dynamics of infection offers substantial background information for further studies and livestock management plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Mo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Shah Nawaz
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Md F Kulyar
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China.
| | - Kewei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Muhammad Farhan Rahim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Ahmed Ezzat Ahmed
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farah Ijaz
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Jiakui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China.
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6
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Nwanade CF, Wang M, Pei T, Meng J, Yu Z, Liu J. Toxicity and enzymatic mechanism of Citrus spp. essential oils and major constituents on Haemaphysalis longicornis (Acari: Ixodidae) and non-target Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 204:106113. [PMID: 39277413 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
Plant essential oils (EOs)-based acaricides have been recognized as environmentally-friendly alternatives to synthetic acaricides because of their low toxicity against non-target species. Despite this, there are knowledge gaps regarding the toxicity mechanisms of plant EOs against non-target species. Here, the toxicology and enzymatic mechanism of Citrus reticulata and Citrus lemon EOs were evaluated against the vector pest, Haemaphysalis longicornis, and non-target ladybird beetle, Harmonia axyridis. Both EOs were mainly composed of d-Limonene, followed by β-Myrcene and γ-Terpinene in C. reticulata, and (-)-β-Pinene and γ-Terpinene in C. lemon. Citrus reticulata and C. lemon EOs were toxic to Hae. longicornis, with 50 % lethal concentration (LC50) values estimated at 0.43 and 0.98 μL/mL via nymphal immersion test, and 42.52 and 46.38 μL/mL via spray application, respectively. Among the constituents tested, β-Myrcene was the most effective, with LC50 values of 0.17 and 47.87 μL/mL via immersion and spray treatment, respectively. A significant mortality of non-target Har. axyridis was found when treated by the EOs at concentrations two times greater than LC50 estimated against H. longicornis. The biochemical assay revealed that the EOs induced changes in the antioxidant enzyme activity of superoxide dismutases, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in Hae. longicornis and Har. axyridis. The results demonstrated the acaricidal potential of citrus EOs and their major constituents for tick control, revealed the risk of the EOs to non-target species, and provided relevant insights into the mechanisms underlying their toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuks Fidelis Nwanade
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Min Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Tingwei Pei
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Jianglei Meng
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Zhijun Yu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China.
| | - Jingze Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
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7
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Del Olmo V, Gabaldón T. Hybrids unleashed: exploring the emergence and genomic insights of pathogenic yeast hybrids. Curr Opin Microbiol 2024; 80:102491. [PMID: 38833792 PMCID: PMC11358589 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2024.102491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Hybridisation is the crossing of two divergent lineages that give rise to offspring carrying an admixture of both parental genomes. Genome sequencing has revealed that this process is common in the Saccharomycotina, where a growing number of hybrid strains or species, including many pathogenic ones, have been recently described. Hybrids can display unique traits that may drive adaptation to new niches, and some pathogenic hybrids have been shown to have higher prevalence over their parents in human and environmental niches, suggesting a higher fitness and potential to colonise humans. Here, we discuss how hybridisation and its genomic and phenotypic outcomes can shape the evolution of fungal species and may play a role in the emergence of new pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Del Olmo
- Life Sciences Department, Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Jordi Girona, 29, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Mechanisms of Disease Program, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Toni Gabaldón
- Life Sciences Department, Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Jordi Girona, 29, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Mechanisms of Disease Program, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain; ICREA, Pg. Lluis Companys 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Barcelona, Spain.
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8
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Helmy KG, Abu-Hussien SH. Root Rot Management in Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Through Integrated Biocontrol Strategies using Metabolites from Trichoderma harzianum, Serratia marcescens, and Vermicompost Tea. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2024; 87:94. [PMID: 39008061 PMCID: PMC11249416 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-024-02400-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an essential food staple and source of income for small-holder farmers across Africa. However, yields are greatly threatened by fungal diseases like root rot induced by Rhizoctonia solani. This study aimed to evaluate an integrated approach utilizing vermicompost tea (VCT) and antagonistic microbes for effective and sustainable management of R. solani root rot in common beans. Fourteen fungal strains were first isolated from infected common bean plants collected across three Egyptian governorates, with R. solani being the most virulent isolate with 50% dominance. Subsequently, the antagonistic potential of vermicompost tea (VCT), Serratia sp., and Trichoderma sp. was assessed against this destructive pathogen. Combinations of 10% VCT and the biocontrol agent isolates displayed potent inhibition of R. solani growth in vitro, prompting in planta testing. Under greenhouse conditions, integrated applications of 5 or 10% VCT with Serratia marcescens, Trichoderma harzianum, or effective microorganisms (EM1) afforded up to 95% protection against pre- and post-emergence damping-off induced by R. solani in common bean cv. Giza 6. Similarly, under field conditions, combining VCT with EM1 (VCT + EM1) or Trichoderma harzianum (VCT + Trichoderma harzianum) substantially suppressed disease severity by 65.6% and 64.34%, respectively, relative to untreated plants. These treatments also elicited defense enzyme activity and distinctly improved growth parameters including 136.68% and 132.49% increases in pod weight per plant over control plants. GC-MS profiling of Trichoderma harzianum, Serratia marcescens, and vermicompost tea (VCT) extracts revealed unique compounds dominated by cyclic pregnane, fatty acid methyl esters, linoleic acid derivatives, and free fatty acids like oleic, palmitic, and stearic acids with confirmed biocontrol and plant growth-promoting activities. The results verify VCT-mediated delivery of synergistic microbial consortia as a sustainable platform for integrated management of debilitating soil-borne diseases, enhancing productivity and incomes for smallholder bean farmers through regeneration of soil health. Further large-scale validation can pave the adoption of this climate-resilient approach for securing food and nutrition security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karima G Helmy
- Plant Pathology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11241, Egypt
| | - Samah H Abu-Hussien
- Agricultural Microbiology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11241, Egypt.
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9
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Brandão M, Marques L, Villela RV, Trilles L, Vivoni A, Siqueira M, Ogrzewalska M, Gomes HM, Moreira L, Magalhães MGP, Prado T, Parente TE, Duarte GF, Cruz M, Miagostovich M, Chame M, Soares SP, Degrave W. Fiocruz in Antarctica - health and environmental surveillance facing the challenges of the 21st century. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2024; 96:e20230742. [PMID: 38896600 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202420230742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
FioAntar, FIOCRUZ's research project in Antarctica, is based on the One Health approach. FioAntar aims to generate relevant information that will help reduce the risk of future pandemics and improve the search for chemical compounds and new biological molecules. After four expeditions to Antarctica under the scope of PROANTAR, Fiocruz has identified Influenza H11N2 virus in environmental fecal samples, as well as Histoplasma capsulatum and Bacillus cereus in soil samples. In addition, in a prospective virome analysis from different lakes in the South Shetland Islands, six viral orders were described, supporting future research related to the biodiversity and viral ecology in this extreme ecosystem. Our findings of environmental pathogens of public health importance are a warning about the urgency of establishing a surveillance agenda on zoonoses in Antarctica due to the imminent risks that ongoing environmental and climate changes impose on human health across the planet. FioAntar strives to establish a comprehensive surveillance program across Antarctica, monitoring circulation of pathogens with the potential to transcend continent boundaries, thereby mitigating potential spread. For Fiocruz, Antarctica signifies a new frontier, teeming with opportunities to explore novel techniques, refine established methodologies, and cultivate invaluable knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Brandão
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Vice-Presidency of Production and Innovation in Health, Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lúcia Marques
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Global Health Center, Presidency, Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Roberto V Villela
- Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Laboratory of Biology and Parasitology of Wild Mammals Reservoirs, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luciana Trilles
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Laboratory of Mycology, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectology, Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Adriana Vivoni
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratory of Bacteriology Applied to Single Health and Antimicrobial Resistance, Center for Research, Innovation and Surveillance in Covid-19 and Health Emergencies, Bl 2, sl 2-102, Av Brasil, 4036, Manguinhos, 21040-361 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marilda Siqueira
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Laboratory of Respiratory, Exanthematic, Enteric viruses and Viral Emergencies, Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maria Ogrzewalska
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Laboratory of Respiratory, Exanthematic, Enteric viruses and Viral Emergencies, Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Harrisson M Gomes
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Laboratory of Molecular Biology applied to Mycobacteria, Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lucas Moreira
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Laboratory of Mycology, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectology, Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maithe G P Magalhães
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Laboratory of Applied Genomics and Bioinnovation - LAGABI, Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Prado
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Laboratory of Respiratory, Exanthematic, Enteric viruses and Viral Emergencies, Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thiago E Parente
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Laboratory of Applied Genomics and Bioinnovation - LAGABI, Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gabriela F Duarte
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Laboratory of Applied Genomics and Bioinnovation - LAGABI, Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Pedro Calmon, 550, Cidade Universitária, 21941-901 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Matheus Cruz
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Social Communication Coordination, Presidency, Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marize Miagostovich
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcia Chame
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Information Center on Wilderness Health and the Institutional Platform Biodiversity and Wilderness Health - Pibss/Fiocruz, Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Sandra P Soares
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Vice-Presidency of Production and Innovation in Health, Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Wim Degrave
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Laboratory of Applied Genomics and Bioinnovation - LAGABI, Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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10
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Shalaby S, Awadin W, Karam R, Salem S, El-Shaieb A. Pathological and phylogenetic characterization of a rare fowl adenovirus (FAdV-8b) associated with inclusion body hepatitis in naturally infected Meleagris gallopavo. Arch Virol 2024; 169:146. [PMID: 38864914 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-024-06057-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Adenoviruses are a diverse group of viruses that can cause a variety of diseases in poultry, including respiratory and gastrointestinal infections. In turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo), adenoviruses commonly cause hemorrhagic enteritis and, rarely, inclusion body hepatitis. In this study, we investigated fowl adenoviruses (FAdVs) circulating in turkeys in Egypt. Following clinical examination of 500 birds, a portion of the hexon gene was amplified from four out of 50 samples from diseased birds (8%), and one amplicon that produced a strong band was selected for sequencing. Molecular and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the virus in that sample belonged to serotype FAdV-8b. Histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations of prepared tissue sections were performed to confirm the pathological findings. Diseased birds exhibited ruffled feathers, low body weight, a crouching posture, and diarrhea. Gross examination revealed petechial hemorrhage on the spleen, swollen pale liver, and congested intestine. Microscopic examination revealed the presence of eosinophilic and basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies, nuclear pyknosis, and apoptotic bodies in the liver, congestion, hemorrhage, and fibrosis in the lungs, and desquamation of enterocytes. The presence of viral antigens in the liver, lungs, and intestine was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the characterization of an outbreak of inclusion body hepatitis in turkeys (hybrid converter breeds) due to FAdV-8b in Egypt. This finding raises an epidemiological alarm, necessitating further studies, including full-genome sequencing, to trace the virus's origin and genetic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shady Shalaby
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Walaa Awadin
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Reham Karam
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Sanaa Salem
- Department of Pathology, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Zagazig Branch, Agriculture Research Centre (ARC), Zagazig, 44516, Egypt
| | - Ahmed El-Shaieb
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Egyptian Chinese University, Cairo, Egypt
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11
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Reda RM, El-Murr A, Abdel-Basset NA, Metwally MMM, Ibrahim RE. Infection dynamics of Shewanella spp. in Nile tilapia under varied water temperatures: A hematological, biochemical, antioxidant-immune analysis, and histopathological alterations. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 149:109588. [PMID: 38677630 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
In aquaculture, fluctuating water temperatures can act as a potent stressor, influencing the virulence and transmission dynamics of pathogenic bacteria, potentially triggering outbreaks and impacting fish health. The purpose of this work was to examine the impact of Shewanella spp. infection on hematological, biochemical, and antioxidant-immune parameters of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) under different water temperatures. For this purpose, 180 fish were divided into 6 groups in triplicate (30 fish per group; 10 fish per replicate). Group 1 (G1), G2, and G3 were reared at varying water temperatures (22 °C, 28 °C, and 31 °C, respectively) without infection. While G4, G5, and G6 were IP-injected with 0.2 mL of Shewanella spp. (0.14 × 105) and reared at 22 °C, 28 °C, and 31 °C, respectively. Shewanella spp. infection induced significant lowering (p < 0.05) in hematological parameters (red and white blood cells, hemoglobin, and packed cell volume%) and immune-antioxidant responses (phagocytic activity%, phagocytic index, lysozyme, nitric oxide), total antioxidant capacity, catalase, and reduced glutathione, especially at 22 °C. Moreover, a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the hepato-renal function indicators (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, urea, and creatinine), stress biomarkers (glucose and cortisol), malondialdehyde, and pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α) were the consequences of the Shewanella spp. infection, especially at 22 °C. The Shewanella spp. infection exhibited marked histopathological changes in the hepatic and renal tissues. Worthily, Shewanella spp. can cause detrimental alterations in Nile tilapia's hematological, biochemical, and antioxidant-immune parameters at various water temperatures, but the major detrimental changes were observed at a water temperature of 22 °C. Consequently, we can conclude that the infection dynamics of Shewanella spp. are exaggerated at 22 °C. These outcomes could help in understanding the nature of such an infection in Nile tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha M Reda
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, PO Box 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt.
| | - Abdelhakeem El-Murr
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, PO Box 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Nehal A Abdel-Basset
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, PO Box 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M M Metwally
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, PO Box 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt; Department of Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, King Salman International University, Ras Sidr, Egypt
| | - Rowida E Ibrahim
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, PO Box 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt
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12
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Vilas-Boas DF, Nakasone EKN, Gonçalves AAM, Lair DF, de Oliveira DS, Pereira DFS, Silva GG, Conrado IDSS, Resende LA, Zaldívar MF, Mariano RMDS, Dutra WO, Chávez-Fumagalli MA, Galdino AS, Silveira-Lemos D, Giunchetti RC. Global Distribution of Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis and the Role of the Dog in the Epidemiology of the Disease. Pathogens 2024; 13:455. [PMID: 38921753 PMCID: PMC11206782 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13060455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis is a disease caused by protozoa of the species Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum (syn = Leishmania chagasi) and Leishmania (Leishmania) donovani, which are transmitted by hematophagous insects of the genera Lutzomyia and Phlebotomus. The domestic dog (Canis familiaris) is considered the main urban reservoir of the parasite due to the high parasite load on its skin, serving as a source of infection for sandfly vectors and, consequently, perpetuating the disease in the urban environment. Some factors are considered important in the perpetuation and spread of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) in urban areas, such as stray dogs, with their errant behavior, and houses that have backyards with trees, shade, and organic materials, creating an attractive environment for sandfly vectors. CVL is found in approximately 50 countries, with the number of infected dogs reaching millions. However, due to the difficulty of controlling and diagnosing the disease, the number of infected animals could be even greater. In the four continents endemic for CVL, there are reports of disease expansion in endemic countries such as Brazil, Italy, Morocco, and Tunisia, as well as in areas where CVL is not endemic, for example, Uruguay. Socio-environmental factors, such as migration, drought, deforestation, and global warming, have been pointed out as reasons for the expansion into areas where it had been absent. Thus, the objective of this review is to address (i) the distribution of CVL in endemic areas, (ii) the role of the dog in the visceral leishmaniasis epidemiology and the factors that influence dog infection and the spread of the disease, and (iii) the challenges faced in the control of CVL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Fernandes Vilas-Boas
- Laboratory of Biology of Cell Interactions, Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (D.F.V.-B.); (E.K.N.N.); (A.A.M.G.); (D.F.L.); (D.S.d.O.); (D.F.S.P.); (G.G.S.); (I.d.S.S.C.); (L.A.R.); (M.F.Z.); (R.M.d.S.M.); (W.O.D.); (D.S.-L.)
| | - Eiji Kevin Nakasone Nakasone
- Laboratory of Biology of Cell Interactions, Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (D.F.V.-B.); (E.K.N.N.); (A.A.M.G.); (D.F.L.); (D.S.d.O.); (D.F.S.P.); (G.G.S.); (I.d.S.S.C.); (L.A.R.); (M.F.Z.); (R.M.d.S.M.); (W.O.D.); (D.S.-L.)
| | - Ana Alice Maia Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Biology of Cell Interactions, Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (D.F.V.-B.); (E.K.N.N.); (A.A.M.G.); (D.F.L.); (D.S.d.O.); (D.F.S.P.); (G.G.S.); (I.d.S.S.C.); (L.A.R.); (M.F.Z.); (R.M.d.S.M.); (W.O.D.); (D.S.-L.)
| | - Daniel Ferreira Lair
- Laboratory of Biology of Cell Interactions, Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (D.F.V.-B.); (E.K.N.N.); (A.A.M.G.); (D.F.L.); (D.S.d.O.); (D.F.S.P.); (G.G.S.); (I.d.S.S.C.); (L.A.R.); (M.F.Z.); (R.M.d.S.M.); (W.O.D.); (D.S.-L.)
| | - Diana Souza de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Biology of Cell Interactions, Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (D.F.V.-B.); (E.K.N.N.); (A.A.M.G.); (D.F.L.); (D.S.d.O.); (D.F.S.P.); (G.G.S.); (I.d.S.S.C.); (L.A.R.); (M.F.Z.); (R.M.d.S.M.); (W.O.D.); (D.S.-L.)
| | - Diogo Fonseca Soares Pereira
- Laboratory of Biology of Cell Interactions, Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (D.F.V.-B.); (E.K.N.N.); (A.A.M.G.); (D.F.L.); (D.S.d.O.); (D.F.S.P.); (G.G.S.); (I.d.S.S.C.); (L.A.R.); (M.F.Z.); (R.M.d.S.M.); (W.O.D.); (D.S.-L.)
| | - Geralda Gabriele Silva
- Laboratory of Biology of Cell Interactions, Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (D.F.V.-B.); (E.K.N.N.); (A.A.M.G.); (D.F.L.); (D.S.d.O.); (D.F.S.P.); (G.G.S.); (I.d.S.S.C.); (L.A.R.); (M.F.Z.); (R.M.d.S.M.); (W.O.D.); (D.S.-L.)
| | - Ingrid dos Santos Soares Conrado
- Laboratory of Biology of Cell Interactions, Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (D.F.V.-B.); (E.K.N.N.); (A.A.M.G.); (D.F.L.); (D.S.d.O.); (D.F.S.P.); (G.G.S.); (I.d.S.S.C.); (L.A.R.); (M.F.Z.); (R.M.d.S.M.); (W.O.D.); (D.S.-L.)
| | - Lucilene Aparecida Resende
- Laboratory of Biology of Cell Interactions, Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (D.F.V.-B.); (E.K.N.N.); (A.A.M.G.); (D.F.L.); (D.S.d.O.); (D.F.S.P.); (G.G.S.); (I.d.S.S.C.); (L.A.R.); (M.F.Z.); (R.M.d.S.M.); (W.O.D.); (D.S.-L.)
| | - Maykelin Fuentes Zaldívar
- Laboratory of Biology of Cell Interactions, Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (D.F.V.-B.); (E.K.N.N.); (A.A.M.G.); (D.F.L.); (D.S.d.O.); (D.F.S.P.); (G.G.S.); (I.d.S.S.C.); (L.A.R.); (M.F.Z.); (R.M.d.S.M.); (W.O.D.); (D.S.-L.)
| | - Reysla Maria da Silveira Mariano
- Laboratory of Biology of Cell Interactions, Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (D.F.V.-B.); (E.K.N.N.); (A.A.M.G.); (D.F.L.); (D.S.d.O.); (D.F.S.P.); (G.G.S.); (I.d.S.S.C.); (L.A.R.); (M.F.Z.); (R.M.d.S.M.); (W.O.D.); (D.S.-L.)
| | - Walderez Ornelas Dutra
- Laboratory of Biology of Cell Interactions, Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (D.F.V.-B.); (E.K.N.N.); (A.A.M.G.); (D.F.L.); (D.S.d.O.); (D.F.S.P.); (G.G.S.); (I.d.S.S.C.); (L.A.R.); (M.F.Z.); (R.M.d.S.M.); (W.O.D.); (D.S.-L.)
| | - Miguel Angel Chávez-Fumagalli
- Computational Biology and Chemistry Research Group, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad Católica de Santa María, Arequipa 04000, Peru;
| | - Alexsandro Sobreira Galdino
- Microorganism Biotechnology Laboratory, Federal University of São João Del-Rei (UFSJ), Midwest Campus, Divinópolis 35501-296, MG, Brazil;
| | - Denise Silveira-Lemos
- Laboratory of Biology of Cell Interactions, Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (D.F.V.-B.); (E.K.N.N.); (A.A.M.G.); (D.F.L.); (D.S.d.O.); (D.F.S.P.); (G.G.S.); (I.d.S.S.C.); (L.A.R.); (M.F.Z.); (R.M.d.S.M.); (W.O.D.); (D.S.-L.)
| | - Rodolfo Cordeiro Giunchetti
- Laboratory of Biology of Cell Interactions, Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (D.F.V.-B.); (E.K.N.N.); (A.A.M.G.); (D.F.L.); (D.S.d.O.); (D.F.S.P.); (G.G.S.); (I.d.S.S.C.); (L.A.R.); (M.F.Z.); (R.M.d.S.M.); (W.O.D.); (D.S.-L.)
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13
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Yu J, Zhao L, Liang XZ, Ho HC, Hashizume M, Huang C. The mediatory role of water quality on the association between extreme precipitation events and infectious diarrhea in the Yangtze River Basin, China. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 4:495-504. [PMID: 38933184 PMCID: PMC11197735 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Extreme precipitation is exacerbating the burden of infectious diarrhea in the context of climate change, it is necessary to identify the critical and easy-to-intervene intermediate factors for public health strategies. Water quality may be the most important mediator, while relevant empirical evidence is limited. This study aimed to examine the role of water quality in the process of infectious diarrhea caused by extreme precipitation. Weekly infectious diarrhea cases, meteorological factors and water quality data in Yangtze River Basin in China between October 29, 2007 to February 19, 2017 were obtained. Two-stage statistical models were used to estimate city-specific extreme precipitation, water quality and infectious diarrhea relationships that were pooled to derive regional estimates. A causal mediation analysis was used to assess the mediation effect of water quality. In Yangtze River Basin, extreme precipitation events had a significant impact on infectious diarrhea (Incidence Rate Ratios [IRR]: 1.027, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.013∼1.041). After extreme precipitation events, the dissolved oxygen (DO) in surface water decreased (-0.123 mg/L, 95%CI: -0.159 mg/L∼-0.086 mg/L), while the un-ionized ammonia (NH(3)-N) increased (0.004 mg/L, 95%CI: 0.001 mg/L∼0.006 mg/L). The combined overall effect of DO and NH(3)-N on infectious diarrhea showed that both low and high concentrations were associated with an increased risk of infectious diarrhea. The causal mediation analysis showed that the mediation proportion of the two water quality indexes (DO and NH(3)-N) is 70.54% (P < 0.001). To reduce the health effects of extreme precipitation, in contrast to current population-oriented health strategies, those that take into account more direct and easy-to-intervene water quality indicators should be encouraged by future policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Yu
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (LASG), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xin-Zhong Liang
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA
| | - Hung Chak Ho
- Department of Public and International Affairs, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Masahiro Hashizume
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Cunrui Huang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Institute of Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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14
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Cella W, da Silva RCA, Pimenta PFP, Monteiro WM. Morphometry of the wings of Anopheles aquasalis in simulated scenarios of climate change. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2024; 57:e00704. [PMID: 38597525 PMCID: PMC11000507 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0454-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Climate change has significant implications on ecosystems. We verified the effects of climate change on the malaria vector Anopheles aquasalis using simulated climate change scenarios (SSCCs). METHODS An experimental model was designed for SSCCs, which composed of air-conditioned 25 m3 rooms. RESULTS The wing size was significantly different between SSCCs. A colony of Anopheles aquasalis could not be established in extreme scenarios. CONCLUSIONS Increases in temperature and CO2 in the atmosphere may modify the global epidemiology of malaria, marking its emergence in currently malaria-free areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilsandrei Cella
- Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Centro de Estudos Superiores de Tefé, Tefé, AM, Brasil
- Universidade Paranaense, Programa de Pós-graduação Stricto Sensu em Ciência Animal com Ênfase em Produtos Bioativos, Umuarama, PR, Brasil
| | | | | | - Wuelton Marcelo Monteiro
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, AM, Brasil
- Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Medicina Tropical, Manaus, AM, Brasil
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15
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Alavinejad P, Hashemi SJ, Behl N, Hormati A, Elbasuny A, Daryani NE, Modarres MP, Arshadzadeh M, Panahande S, Hang DV, Mahros AM, Parsi A, Javaherizadeh H, Rehman A, Pawlak KM, Ahmadi M, Ahmed MH, Farsi F, Arefi M, Quadri A, Tran QT, Alborzi F, Amin Alavi SM, Cheraghian B, Ramezani E, Gouda MF, Saadati B, Quadri AA, Hirani R, Maher M, Ghoneem E. Inflammatory bowel disease evolution in the past two decades: a chronological multinational study. EClinicalMedicine 2024; 70:102542. [PMID: 38525407 PMCID: PMC10959644 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.102542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The multifactorial nature of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which manifests differently in individuals creates a need for a better understanding of the behaviour and pattern of the disease due to environmental factors. The current study aimed to study the changes in IBD behaviour, presentation, and characteristics in patients over the past two decades with a goal of improving patients' diagnosis, management and outcomes. Methods During a 6-month period (1/02/2022-30/07/2022), the information of patients with IBD who attended IBD outpatient clinics of 11 referral centre's in six countries was collected, and based on the first time of diagnosis with IBD, they were allocated as group A (those who were diagnosed more than 15 years ago), group B (those who were diagnosed with IBD between 5 and 15 years ago) and group C (IBD cases who diagnosed in recent 5 years). Then the most prevalent subtypes and characters of the disease are evaluated and compared to make clear if the presenting pattern and behaviour of the disease has changed in the last 2 decades. Findings Overall 1430 patients with IBD including 1207 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) (84.5%) and 205 patients with Crohn's disease (CD; 14.3%) included. Mean age of participants at the first time of diagnosis with IBD was 30 years. The extra-intestinal involvement of IBD in groups A and B was more prevalent in comparison with group C. Most of those in groups A & B had academic education but in group C, the most prevalent educational status was high school or diploma (P = 0.012). In contrast to groups A and B, the relative prevalence of medium socioeconomic level in group C had decreased (65%). Relative prevalence of UC subtypes was similar among groups A and B (extensive colitis as most prevalent) but in group C, the most prevalent subtype is left side colitis (38.17%). The most prevalent subtype of CD in groups A and B was ileocolic involvement while in group C, upper GI involvement is significantly increased. The rate of food sensitivity among groups A and B was more than group C (P = 0.00001). The relative prevalence of patients with no flare has increased with a steady slope (P < 0.00001). Relative prevalence of presenting symptoms among patients with UC in group C differs and nowadays the rate abdominal pain (70.7%) and bloating (43.9%) have increased and frequency of diarrhoea (67.4%) has decreased. Interpretation In the recent 5 years, the pattern of UC presentation has changed. The rate of upper GI involvement in CD and relative prevalence of patients with no disease flare increased and the rate of extra intestinal involvement decreased. Funding None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pezhman Alavinejad
- Alimentary Tract Research Centre, Imam Khomeini Hospital Clinical Research Development Unit, The School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyed Jalal Hashemi
- Alimentary Tract Research Centre, Imam Khomeini Hospital Clinical Research Development Unit, The School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Nitin Behl
- Institute of Gastro and Liver Diseases, Fortis Hospital, Ludhiana, India
| | - Ahmad Hormati
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Centre, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abubakr Elbasuny
- Mit Ghamr Oncology Centre, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | | | | | - Masoud Arshadzadeh
- Imam Khomeini Hospital GI Ward, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Panahande
- Alimentary Tract Research Centre, Imam Khomeini Hospital Clinical Research Development Unit, The School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Dao Viet Hang
- Internal Medicine Faculty, Hanoi Medical University, Endoscopy Centre, Hanoi Medical University Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Aya Mohammed Mahros
- Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Abazar Parsi
- Alimentary Tract Research Centre, Imam Khomeini Hospital Clinical Research Development Unit, The School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hazhir Javaherizadeh
- Alimentary Tract Research Centre, Imam Khomeini Hospital Clinical Research Development Unit, The School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ata Rehman
- Faisalabad Medical University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Katarzyna M. Pawlak
- Division of Gastroenterology Department, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mitra Ahmadi
- Alimentary Tract Research Centre, Imam Khomeini Hospital Clinical Research Development Unit, The School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammed Hussien Ahmed
- Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Farnaz Farsi
- Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Arefi
- Toxicology Centre of Baharloo Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afreen Quadri
- Dr VRK Woman's Medical College, Aziznagar, Telangana, India
| | | | - Foroogh Alborzi
- Imam Khomeini Hospital GI Ward, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Amin Alavi
- Alimentary Tract Research Centre, Imam Khomeini Hospital Clinical Research Development Unit, The School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Bahman Cheraghian
- Alimentary Tract Research Centre, Imam Khomeini Hospital Clinical Research Development Unit, The School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Elmira Ramezani
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammed Fathi Gouda
- Consultant of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
- Mouwasat Medical Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Rahim Hirani
- School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Maha Maher
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology (Internal Medicine) Department, Specialised Medical Hospital, Mansoura University
| | - Elsayed Ghoneem
- Mouwasat Medical Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology (Internal Medicine) Department, Specialised Medical Hospital, Mansoura University
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Obame-Nkoghe J, Agossou AE, Mboowa G, Kamgang B, Caminade C, Duke DC, Githeko AK, Ogega OM, Engone Elloué N, Sarr FB, Nkoghe D, Kengne P, Ndam NT, Paupy C, Bockarie M, Voua Otomo P. Climate-influenced vector-borne diseases in Africa: a call to empower the next generation of African researchers for sustainable solutions. Infect Dis Poverty 2024; 13:26. [PMID: 38486340 PMCID: PMC10938833 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-024-01193-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
We look at the link between climate change and vector-borne diseases in low- and middle-income countries in Africa. The large endemicity and escalating threat of diseases such as malaria and arboviral diseases, intensified by climate change, disproportionately affects vulnerable communities globally. We highlight the urgency of prioritizing research and development, advocating for robust scientific inquiry to promote adaptation strategies, and the vital role that the next generation of African research leaders will play in addressing these challenges. Despite significant challenges such as funding shortages within countries, various pan-African-oriented funding bodies such as the African Academy of Sciences, the Africa Research Excellence Fund, the Wellcome Trust, the U.S. National Institutes of Health, and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation as well as initiatives such as the African Research Initiative for Scientific Excellence and the Pan-African Mosquito Control Association, have empowered (or are empowering) these researchers by supporting capacity building activities, including continental and global networking, skill development, mentoring, and African-led research. This article underscores the urgency of increased national investment in research, proposing the establishment of research government agencies to drive evidence-based interventions. Collaboration between governments and scientific communities, sustained by pan-African funding bodies, is crucial. Through these efforts, African nations are likely to enhance the resilience and adaptive capacity of their systems and communities by navigating these challenges effectively, fostering scientific excellence and implementing transformative solutions against climate-sensitive vector-borne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judicaël Obame-Nkoghe
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory (LabMC), Biology Department, University of Science and Technology of Masuku, BP 901, Franceville, Gabon.
- Ecology and Health Research Unit, Interdisciplinary Center for Medical Research of Franceville, BP 769, Franceville, Gabon.
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Private Bag x13, Phuthaditjhaba, 9866, Republic of South Africa.
| | - Adjoavi Esse Agossou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Improved Traditional Medicines, Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Abomey-Calavi, BP 526, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Gerald Mboowa
- The African Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Data-Intensive Sciences, Infectious Diseases Institute, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P. O Box 22418, Kampala, Uganda
- Africa Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, African Union Commission, Roosevelt Street, P.O. Box 3243, W21 K19, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Basile Kamgang
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, P.O. Box 13591, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Cyril Caminade
- Earth System Physics Department, The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy
| | - Dawn C Duke
- Africa Research Excellence Fund, 99 Charterhouse Street, London, EC1M 6HR, UK
| | | | | | - Nestor Engone Elloué
- Center for Phylosophical Studies and Research (CERP), Omar Bongo University (UOB), BP 13131, Libreville, Gabon
| | - Fatou Bintou Sarr
- UMRED, Health Training and Research Unit, University of Iba Der Thiam of Thiès, BP 967, Thiès, Senegal
| | - Dieudonné Nkoghe
- National Parasitic Diseases Control Program, Ministry of Health, Libreville, Gabon
| | - Pierre Kengne
- MIVEGEC, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicaise T Ndam
- MERIT, IRD, Paris Cité University, 75006, Paris, France
- Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, LG 54, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Moses Bockarie
- School of Community Health Sciences, Njala University, Bo, Sierra Leone
| | - Patricks Voua Otomo
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Private Bag x13, Phuthaditjhaba, 9866, Republic of South Africa
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17
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Singh S, Sharma P, Pal N, Sarma DK, Tiwari R, Kumar M. Holistic One Health Surveillance Framework: Synergizing Environmental, Animal, and Human Determinants for Enhanced Infectious Disease Management. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:808-826. [PMID: 38415654 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Recent pandemics, including the COVID-19 outbreak, have brought up growing concerns about transmission of zoonotic diseases from animals to humans. This highlights the requirement for a novel approach to discern and address the escalating health threats. The One Health paradigm has been developed as a responsive strategy to confront forthcoming outbreaks through early warning, highlighting the interconnectedness of humans, animals, and their environment. The system employs several innovative methods such as the use of advanced technology, global collaboration, and data-driven decision-making to come up with an extraordinary solution for improving worldwide disease responses. This Review deliberates environmental, animal, and human factors that influence disease risk, analyzes the challenges and advantages inherent in using the One Health surveillance system, and demonstrates how these can be empowered by Big Data and Artificial Intelligence. The Holistic One Health Surveillance Framework presented herein holds the potential to revolutionize our capacity to monitor, understand, and mitigate the impact of infectious diseases on global populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samradhi Singh
- ICMR - National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhouri, Bhopal-462030, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Poonam Sharma
- ICMR - National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhouri, Bhopal-462030, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Namrata Pal
- ICMR - National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhouri, Bhopal-462030, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Devojit Kumar Sarma
- ICMR - National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhouri, Bhopal-462030, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Rajnarayan Tiwari
- ICMR - National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhouri, Bhopal-462030, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- ICMR - National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhouri, Bhopal-462030, Madhya Pradesh, India
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18
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Yan WL, Sun HT, Zhao YC, Hou XW, Zhang M, Zhao Q, Elsheikha HM, Ni HB. Global prevalence of Plasmodium infection in wild birds: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Res Vet Sci 2024; 168:105136. [PMID: 38183894 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Avian malaria is a vector-borne parasitic disease caused by Plasmodium infection transmitted to birds by mosquitoes. The aim of this systematic review was to analyze the global prevalence of malaria and risk factors associated with infection in wild birds. A systematic search of the databases CNKI, WanFang, VIP, PubMed, and ScienceDirect was performed from database inception to 24 February 2023. The search identified 3181 retrieved articles, of which 52 articles met predetermined inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis was performed using the random-effects model. The estimated pooled global prevalence of Plasmodium infection in wild birds was 16%. Sub-group analysis showed that the highest prevalence was associated with adult birds, migrant birds, North America, tropical rainforest climate, birds captured by mist nets, detection of infection by microscopy, medium quality studies, and studies published after 2016. Our study highlights the need for more understanding of Plasmodium prevalence in wild birds and identifying risk factors associated with infection to inform future infection control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lan Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong Province, PR China; College of Life Science, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Shuangyang 130600, Jilin Province, PR China
| | - He-Ting Sun
- Center of Prevention and Control Biological Disaster, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shenyang 110034, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Yi-Chen Zhao
- Academy of Forestry Inventory and Planning, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100714, PR China
| | - Xin-Wen Hou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Miao Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Quan Zhao
- College of Life Science, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Shuangyang 130600, Jilin Province, PR China.
| | - Hany M Elsheikha
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, UK.
| | - Hong-Bo Ni
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong Province, PR China
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Antúnez MP, Marín Montesinos JC, Corduneanu A, Obregón D, Moutailler S, Cabezas-Cruz A. Tick-borne viruses and their risk to public health in the Caribbean: Spotlight on bats as reservoirs in Cuba. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26118. [PMID: 38375245 PMCID: PMC10875593 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, tick-borne diseases (TBDs) have surged and expanded globally due to factors like changes in human activities, land use patterns, and climate change, and it have been associated with the emergence of zoonotic diseases. Cuba faces the impact of ticks on human health and the economy. Although Cuba has studied TBDs extensively for the past 50 years, focus on tick-borne viral pathogens affecting humans remains scant. Despite TBDs not currently being a major health concern in Cuba, factors like inadequate clinician awareness, climate conditions, global tick emergence, and evidence of zoonotic pathogens in ticks underscore the importance of enhanced TBD surveillance in the country. Here we revised the available information on ticks as vectors of pathogenic viruses to humans, spotlighting bats as potential reservoirs of tick-borne viruses (TBVs). Ticks on bats have gained interest as potential reservoirs of pathogenic viruses to humans in Cuba and worldwide. Understanding their role in maintaining viruses and their potential transmission to humans is crucial for the implementation of surveillance and control programs to reduce the risk of tick-borne viral diseases and public health management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maritza Pupo Antúnez
- Laboratorio de Virología. Departamento de Microbiología y Virología. Facultad de Biología, Universidad de la Habana, C.P. 10400, Plaza de la Revolución, Cuba
| | - José Carlos Marín Montesinos
- Laboratorio de Virología. Departamento de Microbiología y Virología. Facultad de Biología, Universidad de la Habana, C.P. 10400, Plaza de la Revolución, Cuba
| | - Alexandra Corduneanu
- Department of Animal Breeding and Animal Production, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dasiel Obregón
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Sara Moutailler
- Anses, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Maisons-Alfort, F-94700, France
| | - Alejandro Cabezas-Cruz
- Anses, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Maisons-Alfort, F-94700, France
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20
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Neves JMM, Belo VS, Catita CMS, de Oliveira BFA, Horta MAP. Modeling of Human Rabies Cases in Brazil in Different Future Global Warming Scenarios. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:212. [PMID: 38397701 PMCID: PMC10888213 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21020212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Bat species have been observed to have the potential to expand their distribution in response to climate change, thereby influencing shifts in the spatial distribution and population dynamics of human rabies cases. In this study, we applied an ensemble niche modeling approach to project climatic suitability under different future global warming scenarios for human rabies cases in Brazil, and assessed the impact on the probability of emergence of new cases. We obtained notification records of human rabies cases in all Brazilian cities from January 2001 to August 2023, as reported by the State and Municipal Health Departments. The current and future climate data were sourced from a digital repository on the WorldClim website. The future bioclimatic variables provided were downscaled climate projections from CMIP6 (a global model ensemble) and extracted from the regionalized climate model HadGEM3-GC31-LL for three future socioeconomic scenarios over four periods (2021-2100). Seven statistical algorithms (MAXENT, MARS, RF, FDA, CTA, GAM, and GLM) were selected for modeling human rabies. Temperature seasonality was the bioclimatic variable with the highest relative contribution to both current and future consensus models. Future scenario modeling for human rabies indicated a trend of changes in the areas of occurrence, maintaining the current pace of global warming, population growth, socioeconomic instability, and the loss of natural areas. In Brazil, there are areas with a higher likelihood of climatic factors contributing to the emergence of cases. When assessing future scenarios, a change in the local climatic suitability is observed that may lead to a reduction or increase in cases, depending on the region.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vinicius Silva Belo
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Federal University of São João del-Rei, Divinopolis 36307-352, Brazil;
| | - Cristina Maria Souza Catita
- Department of Geographic Engineering, Geophysics and Energy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon 1649-004, Portugal;
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Wright CY, Kapwata T, Naidoo N, Asante KP, Arku RE, Cissé G, Simane B, Atuyambe L, Berhane K. Climate Change and Human Health in Africa in Relation to Opportunities to Strengthen Mitigating Potential and Adaptive Capacity: Strategies to Inform an African "Brains Trust". Ann Glob Health 2024; 90:7. [PMID: 38312714 PMCID: PMC10836170 DOI: 10.5334/aogh.4260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Africa faces diverse and complex population/human health challenges due to climate change. Understanding the health impacts of climate change in Africa in all its complexity is essential for implementing effective strategies and policies to mitigate risks and protect vulnerable populations. This study aimed to outline the major climate change-related health impacts in Africa in the context of economic resilience and to seek solutions and provide strategies to prevent or reduce adverse effects of climate change on human health and well-being in Africa. Methods For this narrative review, a literature search was conducted in the Web of Science, Scopus, CAB Abstracts, MEDLINE and EMBASE electronic databases. We also searched the reference lists of retrieved articles for additional records as well as reports. We followed a conceptual framework to ensure all aspects of climate change and health impacts in Africa were identified. Results The average temperatures in all six eco-regions of Africa have risen since the early twentieth century, and heat exposure, extreme events, and sea level rise are projected to disproportionately affect Africa, resulting in a larger burden of health impacts than other continents. Given that climate change already poses substantial challenges to African health and well-being, this will necessitate significant effort, financial investment, and dedication to climate change mitigation and adaptation. This review offers African leaders and decision-makers data-driven and action-oriented strategies that will ensure a more resilient healthcare system and safe, healthy populations-in ways that contribute to economic resiliency. Conclusions The urgency of climate-health action integrated with sustainable development in Africa cannot be overstated, given the multiple economic gains from reducing current impacts and projected risks of climate change on the continent's population health and well-being. Climate action must be integrated into Africa's development plan to meet the Sustainable Development Goals, protect vulnerable populations from the detrimental effects of climate change, and promote economic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caradee Y. Wright
- Environment and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Thandi Kapwata
- Environment and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Natasha Naidoo
- Environment and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa
| | | | - Raphael E. Arku
- School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, USA
| | - Guéladio Cissé
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Lynn Atuyambe
- Makerere University, School of Public Health, Uganda
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22
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Priyanka EB, Vivek S, Thangavel S, Sampathkumar V, Al-Zaqri N, Warad I. Forecasting and meta-features estimation of wastewater and climate change impacts in coastal region using manifold learning. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 240:117355. [PMID: 37863164 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
South Asia's coastlines are the most densely inhabited and economically active ecosystems have already begun to shift due to climate change. Over the past century, climate change has contributed to a gradual and considerable rise in sea level, which has eroded shorelines and increased storm-related coastal flooding. The differences in estuary water quality over time, both seasonally and annually, have been efficiently controlled by changes in stream flow. Assessment requires digitized analytical platforms to lower the risk of catastrophes associated with climate change in coastal towns. To predict future changes in an area's vulnerability and waste planning decisions, a prospective investigation requires qualitative and quantitative scenarios. The paper concentrates on the development of a forecasting platform to evaluate the climate change and waste water impacts on the south coastal region of India. Due to the enhancement of Digitization, a multi-model ensemble combined with manifold learning is implemented on the multi-case models influencing the uncertainty probability rate of 23% and can be ignored with desired precaution on the coastal environmental. Because Manifold Learning Analysis results cannot be utilized directly in wastewater management studies because of their inherent biases, a statistical bias correction and meta-feature estimation have been implemented. Within the climate-hydrology modeling chain, the results demonstrate a wide range of expected changes in water resources in some places. Experimental statistics reveal that the forecasted rate of 91.45% will be the better choice to reduce the uncertainty of climatic change and wastewater management.
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Affiliation(s)
- E B Priyanka
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Kongu Engineering College, Perundurai, 638060, India.
| | - S Vivek
- Department of Civil Engineering, GMR Institute of Technology, Razam, Andra Pradesh, 532127, India.
| | - S Thangavel
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Kongu Engineering College, Perundurai, 638060, India.
| | - V Sampathkumar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Kongu Engineering College, Perundurai, 638060, India.
| | - Nabil Al-Zaqri
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ismail Warad
- Department of Chemistry, AN-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine; Research Centre, Manchester Salt & Catalysis, Unit C, 88- 90 Chorlton Rd, M15 4AN Manchester, United Kingdom.
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23
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Shousha HI, Ayman H, Hashem MB. Climate Changes and COVID-19. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1458:217-231. [PMID: 39102199 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-61943-4_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Climatic change, which influences population growth and land usage, has been theorized to be linked to the emergence and spread of new viruses like the currently unfolding COVID-19 pandemic. In this chapter, we explain how climate change may have altered the beginning, transmission, and maybe even the sickness consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. Where possible, we also provide mechanistic explanations for how this may have occurred. We have presented evidence that suggests climate change may have had a role in the establishment and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and most possibly even in some of its clinical effects. Human activities bringing people into closer contact with bats and animals like pangolins that potentially represent the intermediate hosts, and evidence that climate-induced changes in vegetation are the main reservoir source of coronaviruses for human infection, are among the explanations. Although there are still unsubstantiated indications that the first viral pathogen may have escaped from a laboratory, it is possible that this encounter took place in the field or in marketplaces in the instance of COVID-19. We also present the argument that climate change is working to enhance transmission between diseased and uninfected humans, and this is true regardless of the source of the original development of the disease. Changes in temperature and humidity make it easier for viruses to survive, and the impacts of industrial pollution induce people to cough and sneeze, which releases highly infectious aerosols into the air. These three factors combine to make this a more likely scenario than it would otherwise be. We suggest that changes in climate are contributing to create conditions that are favorable for the development of more severe symptoms of illness. It is more difficult to build the argument for this circumstance, and much of it is indirect. However, climate change has caused some communities to adjust their nutritional habits, both in terms of the quantity of food they eat and the quality of the foods they consume. The effects frequently become apparent as a result of alterations that are imposed on the microbiome of the gut, which, in turn, influence the types of immune responses that are produced. The incidence of comorbidities like diabetes and animal vectors like bats that transmit other illnesses that modify vulnerability to SARS-CoV-2 are also two examples of the factors that have been affected by climate change. In order to curb the development of infectious illnesses caused by new viruses, it is necessary to understand the connection between environmental dynamics and the emergence of new coronaviruses. This knowledge should lead to initiatives aimed at reducing global greenhouse gas emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hend Ibrahim Shousha
- Faculty of Medicine, Endemic Medicine and Hepatogastroenterology, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Hedy Ayman
- Faculty of Medicine, Endemic Medicine and Hepatogastroenterology, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed B Hashem
- Faculty of Medicine, Endemic Medicine and Hepatogastroenterology, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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24
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Chitre SD, Crews CM, Tessema MT, Plėštytė-Būtienė I, Coffee M, Richardson ET. The impact of anthropogenic climate change on pediatric viral diseases. Pediatr Res 2024; 95:496-507. [PMID: 38057578 PMCID: PMC10872406 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02929-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The adverse effects of climate change on human health are unfolding in real time. Environmental fragmentation is amplifying spillover of viruses from wildlife to humans. Increasing temperatures are expanding mosquito and tick habitats, introducing vector-borne viruses into immunologically susceptible populations. More frequent flooding is spreading water-borne viral pathogens, while prolonged droughts reduce regional capacity to prevent and respond to disease outbreaks with adequate water, sanitation, and hygiene resources. Worsening air quality and altered transmission seasons due to an increasingly volatile climate may exacerbate the impacts of respiratory viruses. Furthermore, both extreme weather events and long-term climate variation are causing the destruction of health systems and large-scale migrations, reshaping health care delivery in the face of an evolving global burden of viral disease. Because of their immunological immaturity, differences in physiology (e.g., size), dependence on caregivers, and behavioral traits, children are particularly vulnerable to climate change. This investigation into the unique pediatric viral threats posed by an increasingly inhospitable world elucidates potential avenues of targeted programming and uncovers future research questions to effect equitable, actionable change. IMPACT: A review of the effects of climate change on viral threats to pediatric health, including zoonotic, vector-borne, water-borne, and respiratory viruses, as well as distal threats related to climate-induced migration and health systems. A unique focus on viruses offers a more in-depth look at the effect of climate change on vector competence, viral particle survival, co-morbidities, and host behavior. An examination of children as a particularly vulnerable population provokes programming tailored to their unique set of vulnerabilities and encourages reflection on equitable climate adaptation frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smit D Chitre
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cecilia M Crews
- Heilbrunn Department of Population & Family Health, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mesfin Teklu Tessema
- Heilbrunn Department of Population & Family Health, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA.
- International Rescue Committee, New York, NY, USA.
| | | | - Megan Coffee
- Heilbrunn Department of Population & Family Health, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
- International Rescue Committee, New York, NY, USA
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eugene T Richardson
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Singhal L, Sandhu D, Gupta V, Kour I. Salmonella Typhi: A Review of Antibiogram Journey in Developing Countries. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2024; 24:e230124225976. [PMID: 38265374 DOI: 10.2174/0118715265255339240102110929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Typhoid fever poses a significant health challenge in low- and middleincome countries (LMiCs), impacting millions of individuals across various age groups. Its prevalence is particularly pronounced in South Asia. Factors contributing to its transmission in South Asia include rapid unplanned urbanization, urban-rural disparities, provision of poor water and sanitation facilities, and open defecation. The mortality rate of typhoid fever is up to 1%, and those who survive have a protracted period of poor health and carry an enormous financial burden. The treatment is further complicated by the emerging antibiotic resistance leaving few treatment options in hands. This issue has become more urgent due to the further emergence of extended drug-resistant (XDR) and multidrug-resistant (MDR) typhoid strains, as well as their subsequent global spread. Fluoroquinolone-resistant Salmonella spp. is currently classified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a high (Priority 2) pathogen. As a result, establishing minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) according to the latest guidelines may prove effective in treating typhoid fever and minimizing the rising threat of drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipika Singhal
- Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College & Hospital, Chandigarh, 160030, India
| | - Diljot Sandhu
- Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College & Hospital, Chandigarh, 160030, India
| | - Varsha Gupta
- Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College & Hospital, Chandigarh, 160030, India
| | - Ivneet Kour
- Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College & Hospital, Chandigarh, 160030, India
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Deshpande G, Beetch JE, Heller JG, Naqvi OH, Kuhn KG. Assessing the Influence of Climate Change and Environmental Factors on the Top Tick-Borne Diseases in the United States: A Systematic Review. Microorganisms 2023; 12:50. [PMID: 38257877 PMCID: PMC10821204 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In the United States (US), tick-borne diseases (TBDs) have more than doubled in the past fifteen years and are a major contributor to the overall burden of vector-borne diseases. The most common TBDs in the US-Lyme disease, rickettsioses (including Rocky Mountain spotted fever), and anaplasmosis-have gradually shifted in recent years, resulting in increased morbidity and mortality. In this systematic review, we examined climate change and other environmental factors that have influenced the epidemiology of these TBDs in the US while highlighting the opportunities for a One Health approach to mitigating their impact. We searched Medline Plus, PUBMED, and Google Scholar for studies focused on these three TBDs in the US from January 2018 to August 2023. Data selection and extraction were completed using Covidence, and the risk of bias was assessed with the ROBINS-I tool. The review included 84 papers covering multiple states across the US. We found that climate, seasonality and temporality, and land use are important environmental factors that impact the epidemiology and patterns of TBDs. The emerging trends, influenced by environmental factors, emphasize the need for region-specific research to aid in the prediction and prevention of TBDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Katrin Gaardbo Kuhn
- Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (G.D.); (J.E.B.); (J.G.H.); (O.H.N.)
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Brumfield KD, Usmani M, Santiago S, Singh K, Gangwar M, Hasan NA, Netherland M, Deliz K, Angelini C, Beatty NL, Huq A, Jutla AS, Colwell RR. Genomic diversity of Vibrio spp. and metagenomic analysis of pathogens in Florida Gulf coastal waters following Hurricane Ian. mBio 2023; 14:e0147623. [PMID: 37931127 PMCID: PMC10746180 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01476-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Evidence suggests warming temperatures are associated with the spread of potentially pathogenic Vibrio spp. and the emergence of human disease globally. Following Hurricane Ian, the State of Florida reported a sharp increase in the number of reported Vibrio spp. infections and deaths. Hence, monitoring of pathogens, including vibrios, and environmental parameters influencing their occurrence is critical to public health. Here, DNA sequencing was used to investigate the genomic diversity of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus, both potential human pathogens, in Florida coastal waters post Hurricane Ian, in October 2022. Additionally, the microbial community of water samples was profiled to detect the presence of Vibrio spp. and other microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, protists, and viruses) present in the samples. Long-term environmental data analysis showed changes in environmental parameters during and after Ian were optimal for the growth of Vibrio spp. and related pathogens. Collectively, results will be used to develop predictive risk models during climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle D. Brumfield
- Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Moiz Usmani
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, Geohealth and Hydrology Laboratory, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Sanneri Santiago
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, Engineering School of Sustainable Infrastructure and Environment, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Komalpreet Singh
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, Geohealth and Hydrology Laboratory, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Mayank Gangwar
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, Geohealth and Hydrology Laboratory, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | | | - Katherine Deliz
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, Engineering School of Sustainable Infrastructure and Environment, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Christine Angelini
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, Engineering School of Sustainable Infrastructure and Environment, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Norman L. Beatty
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Anwar Huq
- Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Antarpreet S. Jutla
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, Geohealth and Hydrology Laboratory, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Rita R. Colwell
- Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
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28
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Paquette SJ, Simon AY, XIII A, Kobinger GP, Shahhosseini N. Medically Significant Vector-Borne Viral Diseases in Iran. Microorganisms 2023; 11:3006. [PMID: 38138150 PMCID: PMC10745727 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11123006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Vector-borne viral diseases (VBVDs) continue to pose a considerable public health risk to animals and humans globally. Vectors have integral roles in autochthonous circulation and dissemination of VBVDs worldwide. The interplay of agricultural activities, population expansion, urbanization, host/pathogen evolution, and climate change, all contribute to the continual flux in shaping the epidemiology of VBVDs. In recent decades, VBVDs, once endemic to particular countries, have expanded into new regions such as Iran and its neighbors, increasing the risk of outbreaks and other public health concerns. Both Iran and its neighboring countries are known to host a number of VBVDs that are endemic to these countries or newly circulating. The proximity of Iran to countries hosting regional diseases, along with increased global socioeconomic activities, e.g., international trade and travel, potentially increases the risk for introduction of new VBVDs into Iran. In this review, we examined the epidemiology of numerous VBVDs circulating in Iran, such as Chikungunya virus, Dengue virus, Sindbis virus, West Nile virus, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, Sandfly-borne phleboviruses, and Hantavirus, in relation to their vectors, specifically mosquitoes, ticks, sandflies, and rodents. In addition, we discussed the interplay of factors, e.g., urbanization and climate change on VBVD dissemination patterns and the consequent public health risks in Iran, highlighting the importance of a One Health approach to further surveil and to evolve mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah-Jo Paquette
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada;
| | - Ayo Yila Simon
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
| | - Ara XIII
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (A.X.); (G.P.K.)
| | - Gary P. Kobinger
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (A.X.); (G.P.K.)
| | - Nariman Shahhosseini
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada;
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Zhang W, Chen K, Zhang L, Zhang X, Zhu B, Lv N, Mi K. The impact of global warming on the signature virulence gene, thermolabile hemolysin, of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0150223. [PMID: 37843303 PMCID: PMC10715048 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01502-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE In this study, Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains were collected from a large number of aquatic products globally and found that temperature has an impact on the virulence of these bacteria. As global temperatures rise, mutations in a gene marker called thermolabile hemolysin (tlh) also increase. This suggests that environmental isolates adapt to the warming environment and become more pathogenic. The findings can help in developing tools to analyze and monitor these bacteria as well as assess any link between climate change and vibrio-associated diseases, which could be used for forecasting outbreaks associated with them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weishan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Keyu Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Shijiazhuang Customs Technology Center, Hebei, China
| | - Ximeng Zhang
- Science and Technology Research Center of China Customs, Beijing, China
| | - Baoli Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Na Lv
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kaixia Mi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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30
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Liu Q, Zhang HD, Xing D, Jia N, Du YT, Xie JW, Wang M, Li CX, Zhao T, Jiang YT, Dong YD, Guo XX, Zhou XY, Zhao TY. The predicted potential distribution of Aedes albopictus in China under the shared socioeconomic pathway (SSP)1-2.6. Acta Trop 2023; 248:107001. [PMID: 37634685 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.107001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae) is one of the 100 most invasive species in the world and represents a significant threat to public health. The distribution of Ae. albopictus has been expanding rapidly due to increased international trade, population movement, global warming and accelerated urbanization. Consequently, it is very important to know the potential distribution area of Ae. albopictus in advance for early warning and control of its spread and invasion. We randomly selected 282 distribution sites from 27 provincial-level administrative regions in China, and used the GARP and MaxEnt models to analyze and predict the current and future distribution areas of Ae. albopictus in China. The results showed that the current range of Ae. albopictus in China covers most provinces such as Yunnan and Guizhou Provinces, and the distribution of Ae. albopictus in border provinces such as Tibet, Gansu and Jilin Provinces tend to expand westwards. In addition, the potential distribution area of Ae. albopictus in China will continue to expand westwards due to future climate change under the SSP126 climate scenario. Furthermore, the results of environmental factor filtering showed that temperature and precipitation had a large effect on the distribution probability of Ae. albopictus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China; School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Heng-Duan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Dan Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Nan Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Yu-Tong Du
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China; School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Jing-Wen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Ming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Chun-Xiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Teng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Yu-Ting Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Yan-De Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Xiao-Xia Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Xin-Yu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Tong-Yan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China; School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China.
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31
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Khatri RB, Endalamaw A, Erku D, Wolka E, Nigatu F, Zewdie A, Assefa Y. Preparedness, impacts, and responses of public health emergencies towards health security: qualitative synthesis of evidence. Arch Public Health 2023; 81:208. [PMID: 38037151 PMCID: PMC10687930 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-023-01223-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural and human-made public health emergencies (PHEs), such as armed conflicts, floods, and disease outbreaks, influence health systems including interruption of delivery and utilization of health services, and increased health service needs. However, the intensity and types of impacts of these PHEs vary across countries due to several associated factors. This scoping review aimed to synthesise available evidence on PHEs, their preparedness, impacts, and responses. METHODS We conducted a scoping review of published evidence. Studies were identified using search terms related to two concepts: health security and primary health care. We used Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines to select studies. We adapted the review framework of Arksey and O'Malley. Data were analyzed using a thematic analysis approach and explained under three stages of PHEs: preparedness, impacts, and responses. RESULTS A total of 64 studies were included in this review. Health systems of many low- and middle-income countries had inadequate preparedness to absorb the shocks of PHEs, limited surveillance, and monitoring of risks. Health systems have been overburdened with interrupted health services, increased need for health services, poor health resilience, and health inequities. Strategies of response to the impact of PHEs included integrated services such as public health and primary care, communication and partnership across sectors, use of digital tools, multisectoral coordination and actions, system approach to responses, multidisciplinary providers, and planning for resilient health systems. CONCLUSIONS Public health emergencies have high impacts in countries with weak health systems, inadequate preparedness, and inadequate surveillance mechanisms. Better health system preparedness is required to absorb the impact, respond to the consequences, and adapt for future PHEs. Some potential response strategies could be ensuring need-based health services, monitoring and surveillance of post-emergency outbreaks, and multisectoral actions to engage sectors to address the collateral impacts of PHEs. Mitigation strategies for future PHEs could include risk assessment, disaster preparedness, and setting digital alarm systems for monitoring and surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Resham B Khatri
- Health Social Science and Development Research Institute, Kathmandu, Nepal.
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Aklilu Endalamaw
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Daniel Erku
- Centre for Applied Health Economics, School of Medicine, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Eskinder Wolka
- International Institute for Primary Health Care-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Frehiwot Nigatu
- International Institute for Primary Health Care-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Anteneh Zewdie
- International Institute for Primary Health Care-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Yibeltal Assefa
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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32
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Del Olmo V, Mixão V, Fotedar R, Saus E, Al Malki A, Księżopolska E, Nunez-Rodriguez JC, Boekhout T, Gabaldón T. Origin of fungal hybrids with pathogenic potential from warm seawater environments. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6919. [PMID: 37903766 PMCID: PMC10616089 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42679-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hybridisation is a common event in yeasts often leading to genomic variability and adaptation. The yeast Candida orthopsilosis is a human-associated opportunistic pathogen belonging to the Candida parapsilosis species complex. Most C. orthopsilosis clinical isolates are hybrids resulting from at least four independent crosses between two parental lineages, of which only one has been identified. The rare presence or total absence of parentals amongst clinical isolates is hypothesised to be a consequence of a reduced pathogenicity with respect to their hybrids. Here, we sequence and analyse the genomes of environmental C. orthopsilosis strains isolated from warm marine ecosystems. We find that a majority of environmental isolates are hybrids, phylogenetically closely related to hybrid clinical isolates. Furthermore, we identify the missing parental lineage, thus providing a more complete overview of the genomic evolution of this species. Additionally, we discover phenotypic differences between the two parental lineages, as well as between parents and hybrids, under conditions relevant for pathogenesis. Our results suggest a marine origin of C. orthopsilosis hybrids, with intrinsic pathogenic potential, and pave the way to identify pre-existing environmental adaptations that rendered hybrids more prone than parental lineages to colonise and infect the mammalian host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Del Olmo
- Life Sciences Department. Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Jordi Girona, 29, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
- Mechanisms of Disease Program, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Verónica Mixão
- Life Sciences Department. Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Jordi Girona, 29, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
- Mechanisms of Disease Program, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Bioinformatics Unit, Infectious Diseases Department, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rashmi Fotedar
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Biotechnology Centre, Ministry of Municipality and Environment, P.O Box 20022, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ester Saus
- Life Sciences Department. Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Jordi Girona, 29, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
- Mechanisms of Disease Program, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amina Al Malki
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Biotechnology Centre, Ministry of Municipality and Environment, P.O Box 20022, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ewa Księżopolska
- Life Sciences Department. Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Jordi Girona, 29, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
- Mechanisms of Disease Program, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Nunez-Rodriguez
- Life Sciences Department. Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Jordi Girona, 29, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
- Mechanisms of Disease Program, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teun Boekhout
- College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Toni Gabaldón
- Life Sciences Department. Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Jordi Girona, 29, 08034, Barcelona, Spain.
- Mechanisms of Disease Program, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.
- ICREA, Pg. Lluis Companys 23, Barcelona, 08010, Spain.
- , Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Barcelona, Spain.
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33
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Chen N, Zhang QG. Linking temperature dependence of fitness effects of mutations to thermal niche adaptation. J Evol Biol 2023; 36:1517-1524. [PMID: 37750539 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.14225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Fitness effects of mutations may generally depend on temperature that influences all rate-limiting biophysical and biochemical processes. Earlier studies suggested that high temperatures may increase the availability of beneficial mutations ('more beneficial mutations'), or allow beneficial mutations to show stronger fitness effects ('stronger beneficial mutation effects'). The 'more beneficial mutations' scenario would inevitably be associated with increased proportion of conditionally beneficial mutations at higher temperatures. This in turn predicts that populations in warm environments show faster evolutionary adaptation but suffer fitness loss when faced with cold conditions, and those evolving in cold environments become thermal-niche generalists ('hotter is narrower'). Under the 'stronger beneficial mutation effects' scenario, populations evolving in warm environments would show faster adaptation without fitness costs in cold environments, leading to a 'hotter is (universally) better' pattern in thermal niche adaptation. We tested predictions of the two competing hypotheses using an experimental evolution study in which populations of two model bacterial species, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas fluorescens, evolved for 2400 generations at three experimental temperatures. Results of reciprocal transplant experiments with our P. fluorescens populations were largely consistent with the 'hotter is narrower' prediction. Results from the E. coli populations clearly suggested stronger beneficial mutation effects at higher assay temperatures, but failed to detect faster adaptation in populations evolving in warmer experimental environments (presumably because of limitation in the supply of genetic variation). Our results suggest that the influence of temperature on mutational effects may provide insight into the patterns of thermal niche adaptation and population diversification across thermal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology and MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Quan-Guo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology and MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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34
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Dobrzyńska M, Moniuszko-Malinowska A, Skrzydlewska E. Metabolic response to CNS infection with flaviviruses. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:218. [PMID: 37775774 PMCID: PMC10542253 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02898-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Flaviviruses are arthropod-borne RNA viruses found worldwide that, when introduced into the human body, cause diseases, including neuroinfections, that can lead to serious metabolic consequences and even death. Some of the diseases caused by flaviviruses occur continuously in certain regions, while others occur intermittently or sporadically, causing epidemics. Some of the most common flaviviruses are West Nile virus, dengue virus, tick-borne encephalitis virus, Zika virus and Japanese encephalitis virus. Since all the above-mentioned viruses are capable of penetrating the blood-brain barrier through different mechanisms, their actions also affect the central nervous system (CNS). Like other viruses, flaviviruses, after entering the human body, contribute to redox imbalance and, consequently, to oxidative stress, which promotes inflammation in skin cells, in the blood and in CNS. This review focuses on discussing the effects of oxidative stress and inflammation resulting from pathogen invasion on the metabolic antiviral response of the host, and the ability of viruses to evade the consequences of metabolic changes or exploit them for increased replication and further progression of infection, which affects the development of sequelae and difficulties in therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Dobrzyńska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Anna Moniuszko-Malinowska
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfections, Medical University of Bialystok, Zurawia 14, 15-540, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Elżbieta Skrzydlewska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
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Horowitz RI, Fallon J, Freeman PR. Comparison of the Efficacy of Longer versus Shorter Pulsed High Dose Dapsone Combination Therapy in the Treatment of Chronic Lyme Disease/Post Treatment Lyme Disease Syndrome with Bartonellosis and Associated Coinfections. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2301. [PMID: 37764145 PMCID: PMC10537894 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Twenty-five patients with relapsing and remitting Borreliosis, Babesiosis, and bartonellosis despite extended anti-infective therapy were prescribed double-dose dapsone combination therapy (DDDCT), followed by one or several courses of High Dose Dapsone Combination Therapy (HDDCT). A retrospective chart review of these 25 patients undergoing DDDCT therapy and HDDCT demonstrated that 100% improved their tick-borne symptoms, and patients completing 6-7 day pulses of HDDCT had superior levels of improvement versus 4-day pulses if Bartonella was present. At the completion of treatment, 7/23 (30.5%) who completed 8 weeks of DDDCT followed by a 5-7 day pulse of HDDCT remained in remission for 3-9 months, and 3/23 patients (13%) who recently finished treatment were 1 ½ months in full remission. In conclusion, DDDCT followed by 6-7 day pulses of HDDCT could represent a novel, effective anti-infective strategy in chronic Lyme disease/Post Treatment Lyme Disease Syndrome (PTLDS) and associated co-infections, including Bartonella, especially in individuals who have failed standard antibiotic protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard I. Horowitz
- Lyme and Tick-Borne Diseases Working Group, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12224, USA
- Hudson Valley Healing Arts Center, Hyde Park, NY 12538, USA; (J.F.); (P.R.F.)
| | - John Fallon
- Hudson Valley Healing Arts Center, Hyde Park, NY 12538, USA; (J.F.); (P.R.F.)
| | - Phyllis R. Freeman
- Hudson Valley Healing Arts Center, Hyde Park, NY 12538, USA; (J.F.); (P.R.F.)
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Yılmaz S, İba Yilmaz S, Alay H, Koşan Z, Eren Z. Temporal tendency, seasonality and relationship with climatic factors of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever cases (East of Turkey: 2012-2021). Heliyon 2023; 9:e19593. [PMID: 37681169 PMCID: PMC10480645 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever continues to be an important public health problem by expanding its borders. To evaluate the temporal trend, seasonality, and relationship with the climatic factors of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever. Study data included cases treated in two different tertiary healthcare institutions between 2012 and 2021. The demographic characteristics of the cases and the dates of admission to the hospital were determined, and they were matched with the average of the measurements (temperature, cumulative precipitation, relative humidity, wind speed) of two different meteorology stations in the study area. By calculating the crude incidence rates, the trend in years was investigated. Estimates were created by removing the incidence rates, seasonality, and trend components using the additive decomposition technique. The temporal relationship between incidence rates and climatic factors was evaluated with the help of the Autoregressive Distributed Lag Bound Test. Toda Yamamoto test was used for causality verification. The mean age of the cases (n = 974) included in the study was 47.6 ± 17.7 years, and the majority (57.3%) were in the group above 45 years of age. 56.6% of the cases were male and there was a male predominance in all age groups. Incidence rates ranged from 5.5 to 23.1/100,000 over the ten-year period and there was a significant upward trend (R2 = 0.691, p = 0.003). Cases of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever that started in March, peaked in July and ended in October, showed a clear seasonality. A cointegration relationship was observed between case incidence rates and air temperature, cumulative precipitation, and relative humidity (p < 0.05 for all). Climatic factors can only indirectly affect the occurrence of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever cases. However, climatic conditions that become progressively more favorable for vector ticks lead to the spread of the disease. The control measures to be taken should be prepared by considering the changing climatic conditions and prioritizing the risk groups. There is a need for information and awareness-raising studies about climate change and the growing dangers associated with it, also outside of endemic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinan Yılmaz
- Atatürk University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Sibel İba Yilmaz
- Health Sciences University, Erzurum Faculty of Medicine, Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Handan Alay
- Atatürk University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Zahide Koşan
- Atatürk University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Eren
- Atatürk University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Environmental Technologies, Erzurum, Turkey
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Nogueira CO, Rocha T, Messor DF, Souza INO, Clarke JR. Fundamental neurochemistry review: Glutamatergic dysfunction as a central mechanism underlying flavivirus-induced neurological damage. J Neurochem 2023; 166:915-927. [PMID: 37603368 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
The Flaviviridae family comprises positive-sense single-strand RNA viruses mainly transmitted by arthropods. Many of these pathogens are especially deleterious to the nervous system, and a myriad of neurological symptoms have been associated with infections by Zika virus (ZIKV), West Nile virus (WNV), and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) in humans. Studies suggest that viral replication in neural cells and the massive release of pro-inflammatory mediators lead to morphological alterations of synaptic spine structure and changes in the balance of excitatory/inhibitory neurotransmitters and receptors. Glutamate is the predominant excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain, and studies propose that either enhanced release or impaired uptake of this amino acid contributes to brain damage in several conditions. Here, we review existing evidence suggesting that glutamatergic dysfunction-induced by flaviviruses is a central mechanism for neurological damage and clinical outcomes of infection. We also discuss current data suggesting that pharmacological approaches that counteract glutamatergic dysfunction show benefits in animal models of such viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara O Nogueira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tamires Rocha
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniel F Messor
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Isis N O Souza
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Julia R Clarke
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Hulse SV, Antonovics J, Hood ME, Bruns EL. Host-pathogen coevolution promotes the evolution of general, broad-spectrum resistance and reduces foreign pathogen spillover risk. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.04.548430. [PMID: 37577528 PMCID: PMC10418218 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.04.548430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Genetic variation for disease resistance within host populations can strongly impact the spread of endemic pathogens. In plants, recent work has shown that within-population variation in resistance can also affect the transmission of foreign spillover pathogens if that resistance is general. However, most hosts also possess specific resistance mechanisms that provide strong defenses against coevolved endemic pathogens. Here we use a modeling approach to ask how antagonistic coevolution between hosts and their endemic pathogen at the specific resistance locus can affect the frequency of general resistance, and therefore a host's vulnerability to foreign pathogens. We develop a two-locus model with variable recombination that incorporates both general (resistance to all pathogens) and specific (resistance to endemic pathogens only). We find that introducing coevolution into our model greatly expands the regions where general resistance can evolve, decreasing the risk of foreign pathogen invasion. Furthermore, coevolution greatly expands which conditions maintain polymorphisms at both resistance loci, thereby driving greater genetic diversity within host populations. This genetic diversity often leads to positive correlations between host resistance to foreign and endemic pathogens, similar to those observed in natural populations. However, if resistance loci become linked, the resistance correlations can shift to negative. If we include a third, linkage modifying locus into our model, we find that selection often favors complete linkage. Our model demonstrates how coevolutionary dynamics with an endemic pathogen can mold the resistance structure of host populations in ways that affect its susceptibility to foreign pathogen spillovers, and that the nature of these outcomes depends on resistance costs, as well as the degree of linkage between resistance genes.
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Takci A, Dinc DA. Stimulation of Estrus and Ovulation by Resynchronization in Kangal Sheep during Early Anestrus. Vet Sci 2023; 10:499. [PMID: 37624286 PMCID: PMC10459146 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10080499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A total of 100 Kangal sheep were divided into four groups with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of resynchronization during anestrus for the first time in the literature. The groups were then divided into two further subgroups, namely the resynchronization subgroup group (hCG+resynch) and group (resynch)) and the no resynchronization subgroup (Group (hCG) and group (control)). All the groups started with progesterone-containing sponge insertion on Day 7. The sponge was removed after 7 days (on Day 0), and 600 IU eCG + 131.5 µg PGF2α was injected. The animals in group (hCG+resynch) and group (hCG) received hCG injection at the time of sponge administration. Accordingly, four different groups were established, i.e., resynchronization + hCG administration group (hCG+resynch); n:25), no resynchronization + hCG administration (group (hCG); n:25), resynchronization + no hCG administration (group (resynch); n:25), and no resynchronization + no hCG administration (Group (control); n:25). Estrus rates at the first application in group (hCG+resynch), group (hCG), group (resynch), and group (control) groups were 76%, 88%, 96%, and 76%, respectively, and pregnancy rates were 52%, 64%, 72%, and 60%, respectively; there were no intergroup statistical differences in the two parameters above. It was concluded that resynchronization performed with two consecutive stimulations during anestrus could help save time and provide a pregnancy rate at a level that can provide economic returns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdurrahman Takci
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas 58140, Türkiye
| | - Dursun Ali Dinc
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya 42130, Türkiye;
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Afonso P, Coelho AC, Quintas H, Cardoso L. Leishmania Seroprevalence in Dogs: Comparing Shelter and Domestic Communities. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2352. [PMID: 37508129 PMCID: PMC10376450 DOI: 10.3390/ani13142352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine leishmaniosis (CanL) is a chronic, systemic, and often severe disease. The main causative agent of CanL is a protozoan parasite, Leishmania infantum, with phlebotomine sand flies acting as vectors. In Europe and other continents, L. infantum is also responsible for leishmaniosis in other animals, such as cats, horses, and humans. In Portugal, animal and human leishmaniosis is endemic, and high prevalence levels of infections and disease have been reported in dogs. There is a prejudice against stray animals and also those housed in shelters, assuming they have higher levels of infection with vector-borne pathogens, including L. infantum, when compared to domestic animals. In northeastern Portugal, serum samples were obtained from March to May 2022 in three shelters (n = 179) and thirteen veterinary clinics (n = 164), resulting in 343 dogs being analyzed for antibodies to Leishmania spp. by the direct agglutination test (DAT). The overall seroprevalence was 9.9%, with 15.2% seroprevalence in domestic dogs and 5.0% in the shelter ones (p = 0.003). The fact that shelter dogs had a lower seroprevalence could be explained by more regular veterinary care provided in shelters regarding preventive measures, including insecticides with an antifeeding effect, in comparison with domestic dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Afonso
- CECAV-Animal and Veterinary Research Centre, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Agrarian School, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança (IPB), 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Mountain Research Center (CIMO), Polytechnic Institute of Bragança (IPB), Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Ana Cláudia Coelho
- CECAV-Animal and Veterinary Research Centre, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Hélder Quintas
- Agrarian School, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança (IPB), 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Mountain Research Center (CIMO), Polytechnic Institute of Bragança (IPB), Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Luís Cardoso
- CECAV-Animal and Veterinary Research Centre, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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Hashim JH, Hashim Z, Hod R, Jalaludin J, Mohamed N, Karuppannan S, Mazeli AR, Sahrani S, Zulkaflli ZA. A priority list of environmental health issues for Malaysia. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2023; 38:349-359. [PMID: 35468665 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2022-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Environmental risk factors contribute to 24% of the global burden of disease from all causes in disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and to 23% of all global deaths. Malaysia being an advanced developing country, there is a need to prioritise environmental health issues to enable environmental health practitioners to focus on the most significant and urgent environmental health concerns. CONTENT This project was undertaken by a Thematic Working Group on Environmental Health Experts (TWG 10) under the Malaysian National Environmental Health Action Plan. Sixteen pre-selected environmental health issues were presented to a two focus group discussions among 20 environmental health and related professionals who then scored each issue on its magnitude and severity scale. SUMMARY The total of these scores generated a list of priority environmental health issues for Malaysia. Children environmental health came out as the environmental health issue of the highest priority. OUTLOOK We hope that this list of priority environmental health issues will be used for prioritising academic and professional manpower training, research funding allocation and planning for intervention programmes by various stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal Hisham Hashim
- Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Safety, Universiti Selangor, Shah Alam Campus, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zailina Hashim
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Rozita Hod
- Department of Community Health, National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Juliana Jalaludin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Norlen Mohamed
- Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Subramaniam Karuppannan
- Environmental Management and Research Association of Malaysia, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Riadz Mazeli
- Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Suhaily Sahrani
- Engineering Services Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia
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Wasan JPM, Wasan KM. Effects of climate change on soil health resulting in an increased global spread of neglected tropical diseases. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011378. [PMID: 37319129 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Although it is commonly accepted that climate change will increase the range and abundance of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) through increased rainfall and temperature, the role of soil and influence of soil health on this effect is not well understood. We propose that understanding the influence of climate change on the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of soils can explain how favourable environmental conditions for NTDs and vectors of NTDs to reproduce form. This, in turn, can assist local public health experts in predicting and managing the spread of NTDs. We also suggest that unlike unpredictable climatic factors, soil health can be directly managed through appropriate land use practices. This viewpoint seeks to start a discussion between soil scientists and healthcare professionals on how to achieve common goals and strategies required to manage the spread of NTDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Paul M Wasan
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Kishor M Wasan
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & The Neglected Global Diseases Initiative, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Chen H, Lin MX, Wang LP, Huang YX, Feng Y, Fang LQ, Wang L, Song HB, Wang LG. Driving role of climatic and socioenvironmental factors on human brucellosis in China: machine-learning-based predictive analyses. Infect Dis Poverty 2023; 12:36. [PMID: 37046326 PMCID: PMC10091610 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-023-01087-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brucellosis is a common zoonotic infectious disease in China. This study aimed to investigate the incidence trends of brucellosis in China, construct an optimal prediction model, and analyze the driving role of climatic factors for human brucellosis. METHODS Using brucellosis incidence, and the socioeconomic and climatic data for 2014-2020 in China, we performed spatiotemporal analyses and calculated correlations with brucellosis incidence in China, developed and compared a series of regression and Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average X (SARIMAX) models for brucellosis prediction based on socioeconomic and climatic data, and analyzed the relationship between extreme weather conditions and brucellosis incidence using copula models. RESULTS In total, 327,456 brucellosis cases were reported in China in 2014-2020 (monthly average of 3898 cases). The incidence of brucellosis was distinctly seasonal, with a high incidence in spring and summer and an average annual peak in May. The incidence rate was highest in the northern regions' arid and continental climatic zones (1.88 and 0.47 per million people, respectively) and lowest in the tropics (0.003 per million people). The incidence of brucellosis showed opposite trends of decrease and increase in northern and southern China, respectively, with an overall severe epidemic in northern China. Most regression models using socioeconomic and climatic data cannot predict brucellosis incidence. The SARIMAX model was suitable for brucellosis prediction. There were significant negative correlations between the proportion of extreme weather values for both high sunshine and high humidity and the incidence of brucellosis as follows: high sunshine, [Formula: see text] = -0.59 and -0.69 in arid and temperate zones; high humidity, [Formula: see text] = -0.62, -0.64, and -0.65 in arid, temperate, and tropical zones. CONCLUSIONS Significant seasonal and climatic zone differences were observed for brucellosis incidence in China. Sunlight, humidity, and wind speed significantly influenced brucellosis. The SARIMAX model performed better for brucellosis prediction than did the regression model. Notably, high sunshine and humidity values in extreme weather conditions negatively affect brucellosis. Brucellosis should be managed according to the "One Health" concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Chinese People's Liberation Army, 20 Dong-Da-Jie Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Meng-Xuan Lin
- Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Science of Chinese People's Liberation Army, 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100036, China
| | - Li-Ping Wang
- Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yin-Xiang Huang
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yao Feng
- Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Qun Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20 Dong-Da Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Science of Chinese People's Liberation Army, 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100036, China.
| | - Hong-Bin Song
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Chinese People's Liberation Army, 20 Dong-Da-Jie Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China.
| | - Li-Gui Wang
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Chinese People's Liberation Army, 20 Dong-Da-Jie Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China.
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O'Neill EA, Rowan NJ. Potential disruptive effects of zoosporic parasites on peatland-based organic freshwater aquaculture: Case study from the Republic of Ireland. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 868:161495. [PMID: 36634789 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Irish freshwater aquaculture holds great potential for aiding food security. However, its necessary expansion has been hampered by the adoption of important environmental EU directives. A novel peatland-based recirculating aquaculture multi-trophic pond system (RAMPS) was developed to assess its potential to assist in the sustainable development of industry whilst remaining aligned with environmental protection by adhering to organic aquaculture practices. Microalgae play a pivotal role in the farms' wastewater bioremediation. However, a collapse of the algal population within the system towards the end of the pilot study was observed. No relationship between physicochemical fluctuations and the collapse were indicated. Further investigations into the potential presence of biological agents were then conducted and fourteen species of zoosporic parasites from five different genera (Labyrinthula, Vampyrella, Amoeboaphelidium, Paraphelidium and Aphelidium) were identified after conducting next-generation sequencing (MinION). The presence of these species indicated the potential cause of algal collapse. Additionally, changes in weather conditions may have also contributed to the issue. Given the lack of data available on zoosporic parasites and their potential impact on organic aquaculture practices, additional research needs to be conducted. Developing a means to monitor and mitigate against these complex zoosporic parasites will inform food security, it will particularly help safeguard "organic" freshwater aquaculture where there is a reliance on using natural-based approaches to address disease mitigation. This information will in turn inform the replication of this RAMPs system in peatlands internationally creating local employment in green technologies, as communities' transition away from burning peat as fossil fuel. Also, zoosporic parasites may reduce important microalgae in peatland-based culture ponds that serve as exceptional sequesters of carbon. Findings of this study will inform related research that focus on the emergence of microbial pathogens in local aquatic ecosystems brought on by variances in climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emer A O'Neill
- Centre for Sustainable Disinfection and Sustainability, Bioscience Research Institute, Technological University of the Shannon: Midlands Midwest, Athlone Campus, University Road, Athlone, Co. Westmeath, Ireland; Faculty of Science & Health, Technological University of the Shannon: Midlands Midwest, Athlone Campus, University Road, Athlone, Co. Westmeath, Ireland.
| | - Neil J Rowan
- Centre for Sustainable Disinfection and Sustainability, Bioscience Research Institute, Technological University of the Shannon: Midlands Midwest, Athlone Campus, University Road, Athlone, Co. Westmeath, Ireland; Faculty of Science & Health, Technological University of the Shannon: Midlands Midwest, Athlone Campus, University Road, Athlone, Co. Westmeath, Ireland
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Pastorino P, Colussi S, Varello K, Meletiadis A, Alberti S, Di Blasio A, Tedde G, Begovoeva M, Peano A, Rossi L, Renzi M, Acutis PL, Barceló D, Prearo M. Interdisciplinary approach to solve unusual mortalities in the European common frog (Rana temporaria) in two high-mountain ponds affected by climate change. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 222:115411. [PMID: 36736753 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The global decline in amphibian populations is a major environmental issue. Chytridiomycosis, Ranaviruses and the red-leg syndrome have been identified in unusual mortality events. However, these infections do not account for all causes of declining amphibian populations. Moreover, several cases of amphibian mortality are difficult to solve without resorting to an interdisciplinary approach. Two cases of unusual mortality in Rana temporaria occurred at two high-mountain ponds (northwest Italy) in April and May 2021. Water and frog samples were analysed to understand the possible causes responsible for the unusual mortalities. Results of the main physicochemical (pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, chemical and biochemical oxygen demand) and nutrient (ammonia/ammonium, nitrite, nitrate, total phosphorus) parameters revealed a good condition of the water quality, with the absence of the main cyanotoxins (microcystins/nodularins). However, unseasonably high spring water temperatures were recorded in both ponds (12.73 °C and 14.21 °C for Frog Pond and Selleries Pond, respectively). Frogs (n = 50; snout-vent length: 7.0-9.8 cm; body mass: 85-123 g) collected from Frog Pond mainly presented bumps on the ventral cavity and dermal ulceration associated with the isolation of Carnobacterium maltaromaticum. On the other hand, frogs (n = 5; snout-vent length: 8.0-9.1 cm; body mass: 87-92 g) from Selleries Pond presented petechiae and dermal ulcerations on the rear limbs associated with the isolation of Aeromonas salmonicida and A. sobria. In both mortality events, the interdisciplinary approach revealed an association between frog mortalities and the isolation of bacteria. Isolated bacteria are considered opportunistic pathogens, and the high values of the water temperature has certainly led a stress on the frogs, favouring the spread of bacteria and the death of the frogs. Further studies are needed to assess the pathophysiological effects of the opportunistic bacteria here isolated, clarifying the interactions between emerging pathogens and climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Pastorino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Torino, Italy.
| | - Silvia Colussi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Torino, Italy
| | - Katia Varello
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Torino, Italy
| | - Arianna Meletiadis
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Torino, Italy
| | - Silvia Alberti
- Ente di Gestione Delle Aree Protette Delle Alpi Cozie, Via Fransuà Fontan 1,10050, Salbertrand, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessia Di Blasio
- Azienda Sanitaria Locale TO3, ASL-TO3, Via Poirino 9, 10064, Pinerolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tedde
- Azienda Sanitaria Locale TO3, ASL-TO3, Via Poirino 9, 10064, Pinerolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Mattia Begovoeva
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Torino, Italy; European Commission for the Control of Foot-and-Mouth Disease, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale Delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153, Roma, Italy
| | - Andrea Peano
- Dipartimento di Science Veterinarie, Università Degli Studi di Torino, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Torino, Italy
| | - Luca Rossi
- Dipartimento di Science Veterinarie, Università Degli Studi di Torino, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Torino, Italy
| | - Monia Renzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Della Vita, Università Degli Studi di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Pier Luigi Acutis
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Torino, Italy
| | - Damià Barceló
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), 08034, Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - Marino Prearo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Torino, Italy
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Scott S. Embedding education into clinical laboratory professional training to foster sustainable development and greener practice. Clin Chem Lab Med 2023; 61:638-641. [PMID: 36537086 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2022-1152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
It has become apparent that the climate crisis is reaching critical levels and Governments and key organisations are recognising the need for change. A review of current literature reveals very little published research concerning the impact of clinical laboratory practice on the carbon footprint of healthcare. For a clinical laboratory to become more environmentally sound, key target areas of focus are required. With sustainability becoming a key consideration for course development, employing educational principles such as Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) in the form of Sustainability in Quality Improvement (SusQI), Quality Improvement objectives can be met, while benefitting the patient and the environmental impact of organisation.
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Yavuz A, Coiffier C, Garapon C, Gurcan S, Monge C, Exposito JY, Arruda DC, Verrier B. DLin-MC3-Containing mRNA Lipid Nanoparticles Induce an Antibody Th2-Biased Immune Response Polarization in a Delivery Route-Dependent Manner in Mice. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15031009. [PMID: 36986871 PMCID: PMC10058601 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15031009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
mRNA-based vaccines have made a leap forward since the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and are currently used to develop anti-infectious therapies. If the selection of a delivery system and an optimized mRNA sequence are two key factors to reach in vivo efficacy, the optimal administration route for those vaccines remains unclear. We investigated the influence of lipid components and immunization route regarding the intensity and quality of humoral immune responses in mice. The immunogenicity of HIV-p55Gag encoded mRNA encapsulated into D-Lin-MC3-DMA or GenVoy-ionizable lipid-based LNPs was compared after intramuscular or subcutaneous routes. Three sequential mRNA vaccines were administrated followed by a heterologous boost composed of p24-HIV protein antigen. Despite equivalent IgG kinetic profiles of general humoral responses, IgG1/IgG2a ratio analysis showed a Th2/Th1 balance toward a Th1-biased cellular immune response when both LNPs were administrated via the intramuscular route. Surprisingly, a Th2-biased antibody immunity was observed when DLin-containing vaccine was injected subcutaneously. A protein-based vaccine boost appeared to reverse this balance to a cellular-biased response correlated to an increase in antibody avidity. Our finding suggests that the intrinsic adjuvant effect of ionizable lipids appears to be dependent on the delivery route used, which could be relevant to reach potent and long-lasting immunity after mRNA-based immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altan Yavuz
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et d'Ingénierie Thérapeutique, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, UMR 5305, CNRS/Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 7 Passage du Vercors, CEDEX 07, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Céline Coiffier
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et d'Ingénierie Thérapeutique, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, UMR 5305, CNRS/Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 7 Passage du Vercors, CEDEX 07, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Cynthia Garapon
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et d'Ingénierie Thérapeutique, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, UMR 5305, CNRS/Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 7 Passage du Vercors, CEDEX 07, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Serra Gurcan
- Precision NanoSystems Inc., 655 West Kent Avenue North Unit 50, Vancouver, BC V6P 6T7, Canada
| | - Claire Monge
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et d'Ingénierie Thérapeutique, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, UMR 5305, CNRS/Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 7 Passage du Vercors, CEDEX 07, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Yves Exposito
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et d'Ingénierie Thérapeutique, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, UMR 5305, CNRS/Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 7 Passage du Vercors, CEDEX 07, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Danielle Campiol Arruda
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et d'Ingénierie Thérapeutique, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, UMR 5305, CNRS/Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 7 Passage du Vercors, CEDEX 07, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Bernard Verrier
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et d'Ingénierie Thérapeutique, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, UMR 5305, CNRS/Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 7 Passage du Vercors, CEDEX 07, 69367 Lyon, France
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Blin M, Senghor B, Boissier J, Mulero S, Rey O, Portela J. Development of environmental loop-mediated isothermal amplification (eLAMP) diagnostic tool for Bulinus truncatus field detection. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:78. [PMID: 36855192 PMCID: PMC9972309 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05705-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Global changes are reshaping the distribution of vector-borne diseases by spreading vectors to previously non-endemic areas. Since 2013, urogenital schistosomiasis has emerged in Corsica and threatens European countries. Gastropod vectors release schistosome larvae that can infect humans who come into contact with freshwater bodies. Monitoring schistosomiasis host vectors is a prerequisite to understand and subsequently to control this pathogen transmission. Because malacological surveys are time consuming and require special expertise, the use of a simple molecular method is desirable. METHODS The aim of this study is to develop a ready-to-use protocol using the LAMP (loop-mediated isothermal amplification) method to detect environmental DNA of Bulinus truncatus, vector of Schistosoma haematobium. Interestingly, LAMP method possesses all the characteristics required for adaptability to field conditions particularly in low-income countries: speed, simplicity, lyophilized reagents, low cost and robustness against DNA amplification inhibitors. We have tested this new method on Corsican water samples previously analysed by qPCR and ddPCR. RESULTS We demonstrate that our diagnostic tool B. truncatus eLAMP (Bt-eLAMP) can detect the eDNA of Bulinus truncatus as effectively as the two other methods. Bt-eLAMP can even detect 1/4 of positive samples not detectable by qPCR. Moreover, the complete Bt-eLAMP protocol (sampling, sample pre-process, amplification and revelation) does not require sophisticated equipment and can be done in 1 ½ h. CONCLUSIONS LAMP detection of environmental DNA provides large-scale sensitive surveillance of urogenital schistosomiasis possible by identifying potentially threatened areas. More generally, eLAMP method has great potential in vector-borne diseases and ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Blin
- Hosts Pathogens Environment Interactions, UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, UM, University of Perpignan, Via Domitia, 66860, Perpignan, France. .,SAS ParaDev®, 66860, Perpignan, France.
| | - Bruno Senghor
- VITROME, IRD-UCAD International Campus, 1386 Dakar, Senegal
| | - Jérôme Boissier
- grid.11136.340000 0001 2192 5916Hosts Pathogens Environment Interactions, UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, UM, University of Perpignan, Via Domitia, 66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Stephen Mulero
- grid.11136.340000 0001 2192 5916Hosts Pathogens Environment Interactions, UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, UM, University of Perpignan, Via Domitia, 66860 Perpignan, France ,Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS-LECA, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Olivier Rey
- grid.11136.340000 0001 2192 5916Hosts Pathogens Environment Interactions, UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, UM, University of Perpignan, Via Domitia, 66860 Perpignan, France
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Interactions between Humans and Dogs during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Recent Updates and Future Perspectives. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13030524. [PMID: 36766413 PMCID: PMC9913536 DOI: 10.3390/ani13030524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is one of the deadliest epidemics. This pandemic is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), but the role of dogs in spreading the disease in human society is poorly understood. This review sheds light on the limited susceptibility of dogs to COVID-19 infections which is likely attributed to the relatively low levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in the respiratory tract and the phylogenetic distance of ACE2 in dogs from the human ACE2 receptor. The low levels of ACE2 affect the binding affinity between spike and ACE2 proteins resulting in it being uncommon for dogs to spread the disease. To demonstrate the role of dogs in spreading COVID-19, we reviewed the epidemiological studies and prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in dogs. Additionally, we discussed the use of detection dogs as a rapid and reliable method for effectively discriminating between SARS-CoV-2 infected and non-infected individuals using different types of samples (secretions, saliva, and sweat). We considered the available information on COVID-19 in the human-dog interfaces involving the possibility of transmission of COVID-19 to dogs by infected individuals and vice versa, the human-dog behavior changes, and the importance of preventive measures because the risk of transmission by domestic dogs remains a concern.
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Alahdal HM, Ameen F, AlYahya S, Sonbol H, Khan A, Alsofayan Y, Alahmari A. Municipal wastewater viral pollution in Saudi Arabia: effect of hot climate on COVID-19 disease spreading. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:25050-25057. [PMID: 34138435 PMCID: PMC8210523 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14809-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The viral RNA of SARS-Coronavirus-2 is known to be contaminating municipal wastewater. We aimed to assess if COVID-19 disease is spreading through wastewater. We studied the amount of viral RNA in raw sewage and the efficiency of the sewage treatment to remove the virus. Sewage water was collected before and after the activated sludge process three times during summer 2020 from three different sewage treatment plants. The sewage treatment was efficient in removing SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA. Each sewage treatment plant gathered wastewater from one hospital, of which COVID-19 admissions were used to describe the level of disease occurrence in the area. The presence of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA-specific target genes (N1, N2, and E) was confirmed using RT-qPCR analysis. However, hospital admission did not correlate significantly with viral RNA. Moreover, viral RNA loads were relatively low, suggesting that sewage might preserve viral RNA in a hot climate only for a short time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadil M Alahdal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fuad Ameen
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sami AlYahya
- National Center for Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz City for Science & Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hana Sonbol
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anas Khan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Global Center for Mass Gatherings Medicine, Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 11461, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousef Alsofayan
- Global Center for Mass Gatherings Medicine, Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 11461, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alahmari
- Global Center for Mass Gatherings Medicine, Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 11461, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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