Treatment of mustard tuber wastewater (MTWW) using a pilot-scale packed cage rotating biological contactor system: process modeling and optimization

Biofilm-based technology for industrial wastewater treatment: current technology, applications and future perspectives

The microbial community in biofilm is safeguarded from the action of toxic chemicals, antimicrobial compounds, and harsh/stressful environmental circumstances. Therefore, biofilm-based technology has nowadays become a successful alternative for treating industrial wastewater as compared to suspended growth-based technologies. In biofilm reactors, microbial cells are attached to static or free-moving materials to form a biofilm which facilitates the process of liquid and solid separation in biofilm-mediated operations. This paper aims to review the state-of-the-art of recent research on bacterial biofilm in industrial wastewater treatment including biofilm fundamentals, possible applications and problems, and factors to regulate biofilm formation. We discussed in detail the treatment efficiencies of fluidized bed biofilm reactor (FBBR), trickling filter reactor (TFR), rotating biological contactor (RBC), membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR), and moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) for different types of industrial wastewater treatment. Besides, biofilms have many applications in food and agriculture, biofuel and bioenergy production, power generation, and plastic degradation. Furthermore, key factors for regulating biofilm formation were also emphasized. In conclusion, industrial applications make evident that biofilm-based treatment technology is impactful for pollutant removal. Future research to address and improve the limitations of biofilm-based technology in wastewater treatment is also discussed.

Hypersaline Wastewater Produced from Pickled Mustard Tuber (Chinese Zhacai): Current Treatment Status and Prospects

Pickled mustard tuber, a worldwide condiment, is increasing at a fast growth rate. Its production generates a considerable amount of hypersaline wastewater containing NaCl of 7 wt.%, COD of 30,000 mg L−1, NH3-N of 400 mg L−1, and TP of 300 mg L−1. Pickled mustard tuber wastewater (PMTW) has severe effects on crops, deterioration of water quality, soil infertility and ecological systems. Due to the technic difficulties and insufficient support from the local governments; however, PMTW has not yet been widely investigated and well summarized. Therefore, this manuscript reviewed the relatively latest advances in PMTW. Physicochemical and biological hybrid processes mainly treat PMTW and the corresponding cost is 6.00 US dollars per ton. In the context of double carbon capture capacity in China and the development of the pickled mustard industry, PMTW sauce and sustainable reuse such as nutrient recovery, acid and alkaline regeneration and renewable energy may be bright prospects.