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Campos CF, Santos VSV, Campos Júnior EOD, da Costa Estrela D, Pires LP, Meza Bravo JV, Pereira BB. Assessment of genotoxicity of air pollution in urban areas using an integrated model of passive biomonitoring. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 355:124219. [PMID: 38797347 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Atmospheric pollution is a major public health issue and has become increasingly critical for human health. Urban atmospheric pollution is typically assessed through physicochemical indicators aligned with environmental legislation parameters, providing data on air quality levels. While the effects of pollution on sensitive organisms serve as a warning for public health decision-makers, there remains a need to explore the interpretation of environmental data on pollutants. The use of species adapted to urban environments as sentinels enables continuous and integrated monitoring of environmental pollution implications on biological systems. In this study, we investigated the use of the plant species Tradescantia pallida as a biomonitor to evaluate the genotoxic effects of atmospheric pollution under diverse vehicular traffic conditions. T. pallida was strategically planted at the leading urban intersections in Uberlândia, Brazil. During COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns, we compared indicators such as physical, biological, and traffic data at different intersections in residential and commercial zones. The reduction in vehicular traffic highlighted the sensitivity of plant species to changes in air and soil pollutants. T. pallida showed bioaccumulation of heavy metals Cd and Cr in monitored areas with higher traffic levels. Additionally, we established a multiple linear regression model to estimate genotoxicity using the micronucleus test, with chromium concentration in the soil (X1) and particulate matter (PM) in the atmosphere (X2) identified as the primary independent variables. Our findings provide a comprehensive portrait of the impact of vehicular traffic changes on PM and offer valuable insights for refining parameters and models of Environmental Health Surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Fernando Campos
- Federal University of Uberlândia, Institute of Biotechnology, Umuarama Campus, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Luís Paulo Pires
- Federal University of Uberlândia, Sustainability Office, Santa Mônica Campus, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - João Vitor Meza Bravo
- Federal University of Uberlandia, Institute of Geography, Santa Monica Campus, Avenida João Naves de Ávila, 2121, 38.408-100, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Boscolli Barbosa Pereira
- Federal University of Uberlândia, Institute of Biotechnology, Umuarama Campus, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Federal University of Uberlandia, Institute of Geography, Santa Monica Campus, Avenida João Naves de Ávila, 2121, 38.408-100, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Meetiyagoda TAOK, Samarakoon T, Takahashi T, Fujino T. Cytogenotoxicity of raw and treated dairy manure slurry by two-stage chemical and electrocoagulation: An application of the Allium cepa bioassay. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 915:170001. [PMID: 38218494 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Livestock farming is an essential agricultural practice. However, the improper management of livestock wastes and discharge of untreated or partially treated livestock manure slurry poses significant environmental problems. In this study, we aimed to compare the cytogenotoxic potential of untreated and treated dairy manure slurry treated with a two-stage chemical and electrocoagulation (EC) using the Allium cepa bioassay. The A. cepa bioassay is a well-established standard tool for assessing the cytogenotoxic effects of environmental contaminants, especially those that are occurred as complex contaminant mixtures. The dairy manure slurry was subjected to chemical treatment utilizing polyaluminum chloride (PAC) and cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) at optimized conditions, followed by EC utilizing either aluminum (Al) or steel anodes. The treated and untreated samples were then evaluated for their potential cytogenotoxicty using the A. cepa bioassay, by measuring the nuclear abnormalities (NAs) and chromosomal aberrations (CAs), along with the mitotic indices (MIs). Our findings revealed a significant reduction in cytogenotoxic indicators in the treated liquid fraction compared to the untreated dairy manure slurry. Specifically, the frequency of total NAs showed a significant reduction from 154 ‰ to 37 ‰ when the dairy manure slurry was treated with chemical coagulation followed by EC utilizing an Al anode. Moreover, the MI exhibited a significant improvement from 7 ‰ to 123 ‰, suggesting the mitigation of toxic effects. These results collectively demonstrate the effectiveness of the two-stage chemical and EC treatment under optimal conditions in treating diary manure slurry while reducing its cytogenotoxicity for living systems. The A. cepa bioassay proved to be a sensitive and reliable method for assessing the toxicity of the treated samples. The efficient solid-liquid separation and the reduction of toxicity in the liquid fraction for biological systems achieved through this treatment process highlight its potential for sustainable management of livestock waste and the preservation of water quality. Nevertheless, further studies are required to assess the toxicity of solid fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thilomi Samarakoon
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan; Department of Zoology and Environmental Management, Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya 11600, Sri Lanka.
| | - Toshinori Takahashi
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Takeshi Fujino
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan.
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Chu N, Shu X, Meng X, Zhang X, Yang J, Li B. Determination and dietary exposure assessment of 79 pesticide residues in Chinese onion (Allium fistulosum L.). CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2022.2158947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nengming Chu
- Institute of Agro-Products Quality food Standards and Testing Technology, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Science, Chongqing, China
- Supervision, Inspection & Testing Center of Agricultural Products Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (Chongqing), Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao Shu
- Institute of Agro-Products Quality food Standards and Testing Technology, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Science, Chongqing, China
- Supervision, Inspection & Testing Center of Agricultural Products Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (Chongqing), Chongqing, China
| | - Xia Meng
- Institute of Agro-Products Quality food Standards and Testing Technology, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Science, Chongqing, China
- Supervision, Inspection & Testing Center of Agricultural Products Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (Chongqing), Chongqing, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Institute of Agro-Products Quality food Standards and Testing Technology, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Science, Chongqing, China
- Supervision, Inspection & Testing Center of Agricultural Products Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (Chongqing), Chongqing, China
| | - Junying Yang
- Institute of Agro-Products Quality food Standards and Testing Technology, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Science, Chongqing, China
- Supervision, Inspection & Testing Center of Agricultural Products Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (Chongqing), Chongqing, China
| | - Biquan Li
- Institute of Agro-Products Quality food Standards and Testing Technology, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Science, Chongqing, China
- Supervision, Inspection & Testing Center of Agricultural Products Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (Chongqing), Chongqing, China
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Alias C, Feretti D, Viola GVC, Zerbini I, Bisceglie F, Pelosi G, Zani C. Allium cepa tests: A plant-based tool for the early evaluation of toxicity and genotoxicity of newly synthetized antifungal molecules. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2023; 889:503654. [PMID: 37491113 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2023.503654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Many fungal genera such as Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium and Alternaria are able to produce, among many other metabolites, the aflatoxins, a group of toxic and carcinogenic compounds. To reduce their formation, synthetic fungicides are used as an effective way of intervention. However, the extensive use of such molecules generates long-term residues into the food and the environment. The need of new antifungal molecules, with high specificity and low off-target toxicity is worth. The aim of this study was to evaluate: i) the toxicity and genotoxicity of newly synthesized molecules with a good anti-mycotoxic activity, and ii) the suitability of the Allium cepa multi-endpoint assay as an early screening method for chemicals. Eight compounds were tested for toxicity by using the A. cepa bulb root elongation test and for genotoxicity using the A. cepa bulb mitotic index, micronuclei and chromosome aberrations tests. Three molecules showed no toxicity, while two induced mild toxic effects in roots exposed to the highest dose (100 µM). A more pronounced toxic effect was caused by the other three compounds for which the EC50 was approximately 50 μM. Furthermore, all molecules showed a clear genotoxic activity, both in terms of chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei. Albeit the known good antifungal activity, the different molecules caused strong toxic and genotoxic effects. The results indicate the suitability of experiments with A. cepa as a research model for the evaluation of the toxic and genotoxic activities of new molecules in plants before they are released into the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Alias
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialities, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Donatella Feretti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialities, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Gaia V C Viola
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialities, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Ilaria Zerbini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialities, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Franco Bisceglie
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Giorgio Pelosi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Claudia Zani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialities, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy.
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Wang HJ, Peng CW, Han X, Wang Y, Zhang J, Liu JL, Zhou MX, Tang F, Liu AL. Toxicological characteristics of drinking water in two large-scale municipal water supply systems of a metropolitan city in Central China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:64058-64066. [PMID: 37060410 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26882-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Drinking water safety is threatened by numerous toxic organic pollutants difficult to chemically monitor. This study aimed to determine the toxicological profiles of organic extracts (OEs) of water samples from source to tap in two drinking water supply systems in a metropolitan city, Central China, during different hydrological periods. Mortality, DNA damage, growth, and development of Caenorhabditis elegans were evaluated following exposure to OEs. The median lethal doses of OEs of drinking water samples (n = 48) ranged from 266 REF (relative enrichment factor) to > 1563 REF. When tested at a dose of 100 REF, 56.25% (27/48) of OEs induced genotoxicity, 4.17% (2/48) inhibited the growth, and 45.83% (22/48) decreased the offspring number in C. elegans. No clear temporal-spatial variation patterns of the OEs toxicity indicators were observed. The correlations among the toxicity indicators were generally poor. The observed toxicities were not closely related to the level of dissolved organic carbon in drinking water. These findings support using multiple endpoint bioassays, such as C. elegans-based approaches, as complementary tools to conventional chemical analysis for drinking water quality monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai-Ji Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
- Wuhan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen-Wei Peng
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Han
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
- School of Basic Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Wuhan Water Group Company Limited, Wuhan, 430034, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Ling Liu
- Wuhan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Xuan Zhou
- Wuhan Water Group Company Limited, Wuhan, 430034, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Tang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Ai-Lin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
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Exposure of Pisum sativum L. Seeds to Methomyl and Imidacloprid Cause Genotoxic Effects in Pollen-Mother Cells. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11111549. [PMID: 36358252 PMCID: PMC9687955 DOI: 10.3390/biology11111549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Pesticides are commonly used in modern agricultural systems to protect the plants from pests. Even though they potentially increase the crop yield, they have undesirable toxic effects on the consumers of plant products and nontarget host plants. However, there are limited studies to demonstrate the cytological changes induced by pesticides on plant cells. In the present study, we assess the cytological changes induced by two most commonly used insecticides, methomyl (ME) and imidacloprid (IM), using Pisum sativum L. as model plant system. P. sativum seeds were exposed to various concentrations of ME and IM (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5%) for 1, 3, and 6 h, and their effects on seed germination (SG), radicle length (RL), mitotic index (MI), chromosomal aberrations frequency (CAF), and micronucleus frequency (MNF) were studied. The results indicate that these insecticides decrease MI in root-tip cells, and increase in the MNF in pollen-mother cells in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, insecticide-treated groups showed a dose- and time-dependent increase in the percentage of aberrant meiotic cells. Clumped nuclei (CNU), stickiness (STC), bridges (BRs), laggards (LGs), secondary association (SA), and precocious separation (PS) were among the frequently observed anomalies. The findings of this study indicate that commonly used insecticides ME and IM have substantial genotoxic effects on the root-tip and pollen-mother cells of P. sativum L.
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