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Alcalde-Estévez E, Sosa P, Asenjo-Bueno A, Plaza P, Valenzuela PL, Naves-Díaz M, Olmos G, López-Ongil S, Ruiz-Torres MP. Dietary phosphate restriction prevents the appearance of sarcopenia signs in old mice. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2023; 14:1060-1074. [PMID: 36855841 PMCID: PMC10067497 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia is defined by the progressive and generalized loss of muscle mass and function associated with aging. We have previously proposed that aging-related hyperphosphataemia is linked with the appearance of sarcopenia signs. Because there are not effective treatments to prevent sarcopenia, except for resistance exercise, we propose here to analyse whether the dietary restriction of phosphate could be a useful strategy to improve muscle function and structure in an animal model of aging. METHODS Five-month-old (young), 24-month-old (old) and 28-month-old (geriatric) male C57BL6 mice were used. Old and geriatric mice were divided into two groups, one fed with a standard diet (0.6% phosphate) and the other fed with a low-phosphate (low-P) diet (0.2% phosphate) for 3 or 7 months, respectively. A phosphate binder, Velphoro®, was also supplemented in a group of old mice, mixed with a standard milled diet for 3 months. Muscle mass was measured by the weight of gastrocnemius and tibial muscles, and quality by nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI) and histological staining assays. Muscle strength was measured by grip test and contractile properties of the tibialis muscle by electrical stimulation of the common peroneal nerve. Gait parameters were analysed during the spontaneous locomotion of the mice with footprinting. Orientation and motor coordination were evaluated using a static rod test. RESULTS Old mice fed with low-P diet showed reduced serum phosphate concentration (16.46 ± 0.77 mg/dL young; 21.24 ± 0.95 mg/dL old; 17.46 ± 0.82 mg/dL low-P diet). Old mice fed with low-P diet displayed 44% more mass in gastrocnemius muscles with respect to old mice (P = 0.004). NMRI revealed a significant reduction in T2 relaxation time (P = 0.014) and increased magnetization transfer (P = 0.045) and mean diffusivity (P = 0.045) in low-P diet-treated mice compared with their coetaneous. The hypophosphataemic diet increased the fibre size and reduced the fibrotic area by 52% in gastrocnemius muscle with respect to old mice (P = 0.002). Twitch force and tetanic force were significantly increased in old mice fed with the hypophosphataemic diet (P = 0.004 and P = 0.014, respectively). Physical performance was also improved, increasing gait speed by 30% (P = 0.032) and reducing transition time in the static rod by 55% (P = 0.012). Similar results were found when diet was supplemented with Velphoro®. CONCLUSIONS The dietary restriction of phosphate in old mice improves muscle quantity and quality, muscle strength and physical performance. Similar results were found using the phosphate binder Velphoro®, supporting the role of phosphate in the impairment of muscle structure and function that occurs during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Alcalde-Estévez
- Universidad de Alcalá, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871, Madrid, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.,Unidad de Investigación de la Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Sosa
- Universidad de Alcalá, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871, Madrid, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.,Fundación para la investigación Biomédica del Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe, Spain
| | - Ana Asenjo-Bueno
- Universidad de Alcalá, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871, Madrid, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.,Unidad de Investigación de la Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Plaza
- Universidad de Alcalá, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871, Madrid, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.,Unidad de Investigación Clínica de Cáncer de Pulmón H120-CNIO, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro L Valenzuela
- Universidad de Alcalá, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871, Madrid, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.,Physical Activity and Health Research Group (PaHerg), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital '12 de Octubre' ('imas12'), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Naves-Díaz
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Metabolismo Óseo, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Gemma Olmos
- Universidad de Alcalá, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871, Madrid, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.,Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación Nefrológica (IRSIN) de la Fundación Renal Iñigo Álvarez de Toledo (FRIAT), Madrid, Spain.,Área 3-Fisiología y Fisiopatología Renal y Vascular del IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana López-Ongil
- Unidad de Investigación de la Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación Nefrológica (IRSIN) de la Fundación Renal Iñigo Álvarez de Toledo (FRIAT), Madrid, Spain.,Área 3-Fisiología y Fisiopatología Renal y Vascular del IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - María P Ruiz-Torres
- Universidad de Alcalá, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871, Madrid, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.,Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación Nefrológica (IRSIN) de la Fundación Renal Iñigo Álvarez de Toledo (FRIAT), Madrid, Spain.,Área 3-Fisiología y Fisiopatología Renal y Vascular del IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
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Use of a novel technique to assess impact of age-related denervation on mouse soleus muscle function. Biogerontology 2023; 24:377-390. [PMID: 36790689 PMCID: PMC10147802 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-023-10021-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Denervation contributes to loss of force-generating capacity in aged skeletal muscles, but problems with quantification of denervated fibers mean the precise impact of denervation on muscle function remains unclear. This study therefore looked to develop a reliable assay for identifying denervated muscle fibers, and used this to explore the impact of denervation on age-related force-generation in mouse skeletal muscle. Thirteen young (6-month-old) and 10 old (24-months-old) C57Bl/6 J female mice were utilized. Anaesthetized mice were infused with the fluorescent deoxyglucose analog 2[N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,2-diaxol-4-yl)amino]-2-deoxyglucose (2-NBDG) and the tibial nerve was repeatedly stimulated to label active skeletal muscle fibers by activity-dependent uptake of 2-NBDG. Data on muscle force generation were acquired as part of the stimulation routine. Labeled muscles were removed, snap frozen, sectioned, and slide mounted. Sections were imaged to show accumulation of 2-NBDG in activated fibers and lack of 2-NBDG accumulation in quiescent (denervated) fibers, then processed using immunohistochemistry to allow collection of data on fiber number and morphology. Soleus muscles from older mice had nine times as many denervated fibers as those from young mice (average n = 36 vs 4, old vs young). Older muscles developed significantly more passive force and less specific force, but denervation only partly accounted for age-related deficits in specific force. Further investigations are required to definitively identify contributors to the decrease in force generation that remain unaccounted for.
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3
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Olesen AT, Malchow-Møller L, Bendixen RD, Kjær M, Mackey AL, Magnusson SP, Svensson RB. Intramuscular connective tissue content and mechanical properties: Influence of aging and physical activity in mice. Exp Gerontol 2022; 166:111893. [PMID: 35870752 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Aging is accompanied by morphological and mechanical changes to the intramuscular connective tissue (IMCT) of skeletal muscles, but whether physical exercise can influence these changes is debated. We investigated the effects of aging and exercise with high or low resistance on composition and mechanical properties of the IMCT, including direct measurements on isolated IMCT which has rarely been reported. Middle-aged (11 months, n = 24) and old (22 months, n = 18) C57BL/6 mice completed either high (HR) or low (LR) resistance voluntary wheel running or were sedentary (SED) for 10 weeks. Passive mechanical properties of the intact soleus and plantaris muscles and the isolated IMCT of the plantaris muscle were measured in vitro. IMCT thickness was measured on picrosirius red stained cross sections of the gastrocnemius and soleus muscle and for the gastrocnemius hydroxyproline content was quantified biochemically and advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) estimated by fluorometry. Mechanical stiffness, IMCT content and total AGEs were all elevated with aging in agreement with previous findings but were largely unaffected by training. Conclusion: IMCT accumulated with aging with a proportional increase in mechanical stiffness, but even the relatively high exercise volume achieved with voluntary wheel-running with or without resistance did not significantly influence these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annesofie T Olesen
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Denmark; Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lasse Malchow-Møller
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Denmark; Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rune D Bendixen
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Denmark; Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Kjær
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Denmark; Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Abigail L Mackey
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Denmark; Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; XLab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S Peter Magnusson
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Denmark; Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Rene B Svensson
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Denmark; Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Age-related structural changes show that loss of fibers is not a significant contributor to muscle atrophy in old mice. Exp Gerontol 2021; 156:111618. [PMID: 34737004 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass is widely considered a consequence of both fiber atrophy and fiber death. Evidence for fiber death derives largely from an age-related reduction in fiber numbers in muscle cross-sections, however it is unclear how age-related alterations in muscle morphology affect accuracy of such counts. To explore this we performed an examination of muscle and tendon length, muscle mass and girth, and pennation angle, in addition to histological section fiber counts of parallel-fibered (sternomastoid), fusiform (biceps brachii), and pennate (tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, soleus) muscles from 31 mice aged 6-32 months. Age-related decline in mass and girth occurred in soleus (p = 0.026; p = 0.040), tibialis anterior (p = 0.004; p = 0.039), and extensor digitorum longus (p = 0.040; p = 0.022) muscles, for which location of maximal girth also changed. Tendon length and pennation angle remained consistent across the lifespan in all except soleus which showed elongation of both proximal and distal tendons coupled with alterations in pennation angle. Age-related decreases in fiber number were observed in transversely sectioned soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscles however when age-related changes in morphology were accounted for via oblique sectioning the age-related decrease in fiber number was eliminated. Findings show loss of fibers is not a significant contributor to age-related muscle wasting in mice, and that age-related changes in connective tissue selectively impact muscle structure. Fiber shortening is a likely contributor to loss of mass and change in function in muscles of old mice.
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Lawrence MM, Zwetsloot KA, Arthur ST, Sherman CA, Huot JR, Badmaev V, Grace M, Lila MA, Nieman DC, Shanely RA. Phytoecdysteroids Do Not Have Anabolic Effects in Skeletal Muscle in Sedentary Aging Mice. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18020370. [PMID: 33418916 PMCID: PMC7825148 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle mass and strength are lost with aging. Phytoecdysteroids, in particular 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), increase protein synthesis in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells and muscle strength in young rats. The objective of this study was to determine whether an extract from Ajuga turkestanica (ATE), enriched in phytoecdysteroids, and 20E affect skeletal muscle mass and fiber size, fiber type, activation of the PI3K–Akt signaling pathway, and the mRNA levels of MAFbx, MuRF-1, and myostatin in sedentary aging mice. Aging male C57BL/6 mice (20 months old) received ATE, 20E, or vehicle (CT) once per day for 28 days or a single acute dose. Treatment did not alter body, muscle, or organ mass; fiber cross-sectional area; or fiber type in the triceps brachii or plantaris muscles. Likewise, protein synthesis signaling markers (i.e., phosphorylation of AktSer473 and p70S6kThr389) measured after either 28 days or acutely were unchanged. Neither ATE nor 20E treatment for 28 days affected the mRNA levels of MAFbx, MuRF-1, and myostatin. In conclusion, these data indicate that phytoecdysteroid treatment does not alter muscle mass or fiber type, nor does it activate protein synthesis signaling in the skeletal muscle of sedentary aging mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus M. Lawrence
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA; (M.M.L.); (K.A.Z.); (C.A.S.)
- Human Performance Laboratory, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA;
- Integrated Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Boone, NC 28607, USA
- Department of Kinesiology and Outdoor Recreation, Southern Utah University, Cedar City, UT 84720, USA
- Laboratory of Systems Physiology, Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; (S.T.A.); (J.R.H.)
| | - Kevin A. Zwetsloot
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA; (M.M.L.); (K.A.Z.); (C.A.S.)
- Integrated Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Boone, NC 28607, USA
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 20608, USA
| | - Susan T. Arthur
- Laboratory of Systems Physiology, Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; (S.T.A.); (J.R.H.)
| | - Chase A. Sherman
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA; (M.M.L.); (K.A.Z.); (C.A.S.)
- Integrated Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Boone, NC 28607, USA
| | - Joshua R. Huot
- Laboratory of Systems Physiology, Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; (S.T.A.); (J.R.H.)
| | | | - Mary Grace
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina Research Campus, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (M.G.); (M.A.L.)
| | - Mary Ann Lila
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina Research Campus, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (M.G.); (M.A.L.)
| | - David C. Nieman
- Human Performance Laboratory, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA;
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 20608, USA
| | - R. Andrew Shanely
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA; (M.M.L.); (K.A.Z.); (C.A.S.)
- Human Performance Laboratory, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA;
- Integrated Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Boone, NC 28607, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-828-262-6319
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Olesen AT, Malchow-Møller L, Bendixen RD, Kjær M, Svensson RB, Andersen JL, Magnusson SP. Age-related myofiber atrophy in old mice is reversed by ten weeks voluntary high-resistance wheel running. Exp Gerontol 2020; 143:111150. [PMID: 33181317 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.111150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Age-related loss of muscle mass and function can be attenuated in rodents with life-long voluntary wheel running with moderate resistance. The present study assessed if sarcopenia could be counteracted with ten weeks high intensity training. METHOD Old (22-23 months) and middle-aged (11 months) mice were divided into three physical activity groups: Ten weeks of voluntary running in wheels with high (HR) or low resistance (LR), or no running wheel (SED). The wheel resistance was 0.5-1.5 g in the LR group and progressed from 5 g to 10 g in the HR group. Six, 8 and 5 old and 8, 9 and 9 middle-aged mice of the SED, LR and HR groups, respectively, were included in the analysis. Wheel activity was monitored throughout the intervention. Muscle mass of the tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius, soleus and plantaris muscles were measured post-mortem. Fiber type distribution and myofiber cross sectional areal (CSA) were quantified in the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles as well as total number of fibers in the soleus muscle. RESULTS In the SED, the mass of all individual muscles was reduced in the old vs middle-aged (P < 0.001). In the training groups, the old mice ran significantly less, slower and for shorter bouts than the middle-aged throughout the intervention (P < 0.05). HR running increased the gastrocnemius and soleus muscle mass by 6% and 18% respectively in the old compared to SED. Fiber CSA was significantly reduced in the old SED mice, whereas fiber CSA in the old HR gastrocnemius and soleus muscles was comparable to the SED middle-aged. Fiber type shifted from 2b towards 2a in the gastrocnemius muscle of the trained old mice. HR running was more efficient than LR in maintaining muscle mass and myofiber size, and in shifting fiber types. In the middle-aged mice, similar effects were found, but less pronounced. Interestingly, fiber CSA was unaffected by running in the middle-aged. CONCLUSION Ten weeks of HR running had a positive effect on muscle mass and morphology in both middle-aged and old mice. The old HR fiber CSA was greater than in old SED and comparable to the middle-aged, and the fibers shifted to a more oxidative composition (2b → 2a). Albeit less pronounced, similar training effects were observed in the middle-aged mice despite running faster and longer than the old.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annesofie Thorup Olesen
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Hospital, Building 8, 1st floor, Bispebjerg bakke 23, 2400 Copenhagen, NV, Denmark; Center of Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| | - Lasse Malchow-Møller
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Hospital, Building 8, 1st floor, Bispebjerg bakke 23, 2400 Copenhagen, NV, Denmark
| | - Rune Duus Bendixen
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Hospital, Building 8, 1st floor, Bispebjerg bakke 23, 2400 Copenhagen, NV, Denmark
| | - Michael Kjær
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Hospital, Building 8, 1st floor, Bispebjerg bakke 23, 2400 Copenhagen, NV, Denmark; Center of Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| | - René Brüggebusch Svensson
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Hospital, Building 8, 1st floor, Bispebjerg bakke 23, 2400 Copenhagen, NV, Denmark
| | - Jesper Løvind Andersen
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Hospital, Building 8, 1st floor, Bispebjerg bakke 23, 2400 Copenhagen, NV, Denmark.
| | - S Peter Magnusson
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Hospital, Building 8, 1st floor, Bispebjerg bakke 23, 2400 Copenhagen, NV, Denmark; Center of Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
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Messa GAM, Piasecki M, Rittweger J, McPhee JS, Koltai E, Radak Z, Simunic B, Heinonen A, Suominen H, Korhonen MT, Degens H. Absence of an aging‐related increase in fiber type grouping in athletes and non‐athletes. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2020; 30:2057-2069. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.13778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guy A. M. Messa
- Department of Life Sciences Research Centre for Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine Manchester Metropolitan University Manchester UK
| | - Mathew Piasecki
- MRC‐Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre University of Nottingham Nottingham UK
| | - Jörn Rittweger
- Division Space Physiology Institute of Aerospace Medicine German Aerospace Center Cologne Germany
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine University of Cologne Cologne Germany
| | - Jamie S. McPhee
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences Manchester Metropolitan University Manchester UK
| | - Erika Koltai
- Research Institute of Sport Science University of Physical Education Budapest Hungary
| | - Zsolt Radak
- Research Institute of Sport Science University of Physical Education Budapest Hungary
| | - Bostjan Simunic
- Science and Research Centre Koper Institute for Kinesiology Research Koper Sloveni
| | - Ari Heinonen
- Gerontology Research Centre Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Harri Suominen
- Gerontology Research Centre Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Marko T. Korhonen
- Gerontology Research Centre Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Hans Degens
- Department of Life Sciences Research Centre for Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine Manchester Metropolitan University Manchester UK
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations Lithuanian Sports University Kaunas Lithuania
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Targu Mures Targu Mures Rumania
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Regular endurance exercise of overloaded muscle of young and old male mice does not attenuate hypertrophy and improves fatigue resistance. GeroScience 2020; 43:741-757. [PMID: 32643063 PMCID: PMC8110681 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00224-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been observed that there is an inverse relationship between fiber size and oxidative capacity due to oxygen, ADP, and ATP diffusion limitations. We aimed to see if regular endurance exercise alongside a hypertrophic stimulus would lead to compromised adaptations to both, particularly in older animals. Here we investigated the effects of combining overload with regular endurance exercise in young (12 months) and old (26 months) male mice. The plantaris muscles of these mice were overloaded through denervation of synergists to induce hypertrophy and the mice ran on a treadmill for 30 min per day for 6 weeks. The hypertrophic response to overload was not blunted by endurance exercise, and the increase in fatigue resistance with endurance exercise was not reduced by overload. Old mice demonstrated less hypertrophy than young mice, which was associated with impaired angiogenesis and a reduction in specific tension. The data of this study suggest that combining endurance exercise and overload induces the benefits of both types of exercise without compromising adaptations to either. Additionally, the attenuated hypertrophic response to overload in old animals may be due to a diminished capacity for capillary growth.
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Lemaire KK, Jaspers RT, Kistemaker DA, van Soest AJK, van der Laarse WJ. Metabolic Cost of Activation and Mechanical Efficiency of Mouse Soleus Muscle Fiber Bundles During Repetitive Concentric and Eccentric Contractions. Front Physiol 2019; 10:760. [PMID: 31293438 PMCID: PMC6599155 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently available data on the energetics of isolated muscle preparations are based on bouts of less than 10 muscle contractions, whereas metabolic energy consumption is mostly relevant during steady state tasks such as locomotion. In this study we quantified the energetics of small fiber bundles of mouse soleus muscle during prolonged (2 min) series of contractions. Bundles (N = 9) were subjected to sinusoidal length changes, while measuring force and oxygen consumption. Stimulation (five pulses at 100 Hz) occurred either during shortening or during lengthening. Movement frequency (2-3 Hz) and amplitude (0.25-0.50 mm; corresponding to ± 4-8% muscle fiber strain) were close to that reported for mouse soleus muscle during locomotion. The experiments were performed at 32°C. The contributions of cross-bridge cycling and muscle activation to total metabolic energy expenditure were separated using blebbistatin. The mechanical work per contraction cycle decreased sharply during the first 10 cycles, emphasizing the importance of prolonged series of contractions. The mean ± SD fraction of metabolic energy required for activation was 0.37 ± 0.07 and 0.56 ± 0.17 for concentric and eccentric contractions, respectively (both 0.25 mm, 2 Hz). The mechanical efficiency during concentric contractions increased with contraction velocity from 0.12 ± 0.03 (0.25 mm 2 Hz) to 0.15 ± 0.03 (0.25 mm, 3 Hz) and 0.16 ± 0.02 (0.50 mm, 2 Hz) and was -0.22 ± 0.08 during eccentric contractions (0.25 mm, 2 Hz). The percentage of type I fibers correlated positively with mechanical efficiency during concentric contractions, but did not correlate with the fraction of metabolic energy required for activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen K Lemaire
- Amsterdam Movement Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Richard T Jaspers
- Laboratory for Myology, Amsterdam Movement Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dinant A Kistemaker
- Amsterdam Movement Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - A J Knoek van Soest
- Amsterdam Movement Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Willem J van der Laarse
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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McPhee JS, Cameron J, Maden-Wilkinson T, Piasecki M, Yap MH, Jones DA, Degens H. The Contributions of Fiber Atrophy, Fiber Loss, In Situ Specific Force, and Voluntary Activation to Weakness in Sarcopenia. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2018; 73:1287-1294. [PMID: 29529132 PMCID: PMC6132117 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gly040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The contributions of fiber atrophy, fiber loss, in situ specific force, and voluntary activation to weakness in sarcopenia remain unclear. To investigate, 40 older (20 women; age 72 ± 4 years) and 31 younger adults (15 women, age 22 ± 3 years) completed measurements. The knee extensor maximal voluntary torque (MVC) was measured as well as voluntary activation, patella tendon moment arm length, muscle volume, and fascicle architecture to estimate in situ specific force. Fiber cross-sectional area (FCSA), fiber numbers, and connective tissue contents were also estimated from vastus lateralis biopsies. The MVC, quadriceps volume, and specific force were 39%, 28%, and 17% lower, respectively, in old compared with young, but voluntary activation was not different. The difference in muscle size was due in almost equal proportions to lower type II FCSA and fewer fibers. Five years later (n = 23) the MVC, muscle volume and voluntary activation in old decreased an additional 12%, 6%, and 4%, respectively, but there was no further change in specific force. In situ specific force declines relatively early in older age and reduced voluntary activation occurs later, but the overall weakness in sarcopenia is mainly related to loss of both type I and II fibers and type II fiber atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie S McPhee
- School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, UK
| | - James Cameron
- School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, UK
| | | | - Mathew Piasecki
- School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, UK
| | - Moi Hoon Yap
- School of Mathematics, Computing and Digital Technology, Manchester Metropolitan University, UK
| | - David A Jones
- School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, UK
| | - Hans Degens
- School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, UK
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas
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11
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van Dijk M, Dijk FJ, Hartog A, van Norren K, Verlaan S, van Helvoort A, Jaspers RT, Luiking Y. Reduced dietary intake of micronutrients with antioxidant properties negatively impacts muscle health in aged mice. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2018; 9:146-159. [PMID: 29045021 PMCID: PMC5803605 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inadequate intake of micronutrients with antioxidant properties is common among older adults and has been associated with higher risk of frailty, adverse functional outcome, and impaired muscle health. However, a causal relationship is less well known. The aim was to determine in old mice the impact of reduced dietary intake of vitamins A/E/B6/B12/folate, selenium, and zinc on muscle mass, oxidative capacity, strength, and physical activity (PA) over time. METHODS Twenty-one-month-old male mice were fed either AIN-93-M (control) or a diet low in micronutrients with antioxidant properties (=LOWOX-B: 50% of mouse recommended daily intake of vitamins A, E, B6, and B12, folate, selenium, and zinc) for 4 months. Muscle mass, grip strength, physical activity (PA), and general oxidative status were assessed. Moreover, muscle fatigue was measured of m. extensor digitorum longus (EDL) during an ex vivo moderate exercise protocol. Effects on oxidative capacity [succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity], muscle fibre type, number, and fibre cross-sectional area (fCSA) were assessed on m. plantaris (PL) using histochemistry. RESULTS After 2 months on the diet, bodyweight of LOWOX-B mice was lower compared with control (P < 0.0001), mainly due to lower fat mass (P < 0.0001), without significant differences in food intake. After 4 months, oxidative status of LOWOX-B mice was lower, demonstrated by decreased vitamin E plasma levels (P < 0.05) and increased liver malondialdehyde levels (P = 0.018). PA was lower in LOWOX-B mice (P < 0.001 vs. control). Muscle mass was not affected, although PL-fCSA was decreased (~16%; P = 0.028 vs. control). SDH activity and muscle fibre type distribution remained unaffected. In LOWOX-B mice, EDL force production was decreased by 49.7% at lower stimulation frequencies (P = 0.038), and fatigue resistance was diminished (P = 0.023) compared with control. CONCLUSIONS Reduced dietary intake of vitamins A, E, B6, and B12, folate, selenium, and zinc resulted in a lower oxidative capacity and has major impact on muscle health as shown by decreased force production and PA, without effects on muscle mass. The reduced fCSA in combination with similar SDH activity per fibre might explain the reduced oxidative capacity resulting in the increased fatigue after exercise in LOWOX-B mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam van Dijk
- Nutricia Research, Nutricia Advanced Medical Nutrition, Uppsalalaan 12, 3584 CT, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Francina J Dijk
- Nutricia Research, Nutricia Advanced Medical Nutrition, Uppsalalaan 12, 3584 CT, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Anita Hartog
- Nutricia Research, Uppsalalaan 12, 3584 CT, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Klaske van Norren
- Nutrition and Pharmacology, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sjors Verlaan
- Nutricia Research, Nutricia Advanced Medical Nutrition, Uppsalalaan 12, 3584 CT, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, VU University Medical Center, Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ardy van Helvoort
- Nutricia Research, Nutricia Advanced Medical Nutrition, Uppsalalaan 12, 3584 CT, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Richard T Jaspers
- Laboratory for Myology, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yvette Luiking
- Nutricia Research, Nutricia Advanced Medical Nutrition, Uppsalalaan 12, 3584 CT, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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12
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Arnold WD, Taylor RS, Li J, Nagy JA, Sanchez B, Rutkove SB. Electrical impedance myography detects age-related muscle change in mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185614. [PMID: 29049394 PMCID: PMC5648130 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of muscle mass and strength represents one of the most significant contributors to impaired function in older adults. Convenient and non-invasive biomarkers are needed that can readily identify and track age-related muscle change. Previous data has suggested electrical impedance myography (EIM) has the potential to serve in this capacity. In this study we investigated how changes in EIM compared with other standard measures of muscle structure and function in aged compared with young mice. A total of 19 male mice aged approximately 25 months and 19 male mice aged 3 months underwent surface multifrequency EIM of the right gastrocnemius muscle using standard methods. Fore and hind limb grip strength, sciatic compound muscle action potential amplitude, and in-situ force of the gastrocnemius were also measured; after sacrifice, gastrocnemius myofiber size was assessed using standard histology. Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated to investigate the association between EIM and muscle characteristics. EIM in aged animals demonstrated significantly lower 50 kHz impedance phase (p<0.001) and reactance (p<0.01) values as well as reduced multifrequency parameters. In contrast, absolute gastrocnemius muscle mass was no different between young and aged mice (p = 0.58) but was reduced in aged mice after normalization to body mass (p<0.001). Median myofiber size in the aged mice was not different from that of young mice (p = 0.72). Aged mice showed reduced muscle function on the basis of normalized fore limb (p<0.001) and normalized hind limb (p<0.001) grip strength, as well as normalized gastrocnemius twitch (p<0.001) and normalized maximal isometric force (p<0.001). Sciatic compound muscle action potential amplitude was reduced in aged mice (p<0.05). EIM parameters showed good correlation with reduced standard physiological and electrophysiological measures of muscle health. Our study suggests that EIM is sensitive to aged-related muscle change and may represent a convenient and valuable method of quantifying loss of muscle health.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. David Arnold
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Rebecca S. Taylor
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Janice A. Nagy
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Benjamin Sanchez
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Seward B. Rutkove
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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13
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Tanaka M, Yoshino Y, Takeda S, Toda K, Shimoda H, Tsuruma K, Shimazawa M, Hara H. Fermented Rice Germ Extract Alleviates Morphological and Functional Damage to Murine Gastrocnemius Muscle by Inactivation of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase. J Med Food 2017; 20:969-980. [PMID: 28956710 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.3906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia, loss of muscle mass and function, is mainly observed in elderly people. In this study, we investigated whether fermented rice germ extract (FRGE) has some effects on the mouse gastrocnemius muscle by using behavioral and morphological analyses, Western blotting, and a murine model of immobilization-induced muscle atrophy. Daily oral FRGE administration increased muscle weight and strength. In addition, myofiber size in gastrocnemius muscle of FRGE-treated mice was increased as revealed by morphological quantification. Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling, which inhibits protein synthesis and stimulates protein degradation in gastrocnemius muscle, was significantly attenuated in the FRGE-treated mice compared with control mice. Expression level of forkhead box 3a (FOXO3a) protein was also significantly decreased in the FRGE-treated group. Moreover, the decrease in mean myofiber cross-sectional area in immobilized hindlimb in vehicle-treated mice was inhibited by FRGE treatment in histological analysis. In conclusion, FRGE increased the strength and weight of gastrocnemius muscle and myofiber size, and reduced immobilization-induced muscle atrophy in mice. These findings indicated that FRGE might be beneficial in preventing motor dysfunction in a range of conditions, including sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyu Tanaka
- 1 Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University , Gifu, Japan
| | - Yuta Yoshino
- 1 Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University , Gifu, Japan
| | - Shogo Takeda
- 2 Oryza Oil & Fat Chemical Co., Ltd. , Ichinomiya, Japan
| | - Kazuya Toda
- 2 Oryza Oil & Fat Chemical Co., Ltd. , Ichinomiya, Japan
| | | | - Kazuhiro Tsuruma
- 1 Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University , Gifu, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Shimazawa
- 1 Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University , Gifu, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hara
- 1 Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University , Gifu, Japan
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14
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Barnouin Y, McPhee JS, Butler‐Browne G, Bosutti A, De Vito G, Jones DA, Narici M, Behin A, Hogrel J, Degens H. Coupling between skeletal muscle fiber size and capillarization is maintained during healthy aging. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2017; 8:647-659. [PMID: 28382740 PMCID: PMC5566646 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As muscle capillarization is related to the oxidative capacity of the muscle and the size of muscle fibres, capillary rarefaction may contribute to sarcopenia and functional impairment in older adults. Therefore, it is important to assess how ageing affects muscle capillarization and the interrelationship between fibre capillary supply with the oxidative capacity and size of the fibres. METHODS Muscle biopsies from healthy recreationally active young (22 years; 14 men and 5 women) and older (74 years; 22 men and 6 women) people were assessed for muscle capillarization and the distribution of capillaries with the method of capillary domains. Oxidative capacity of muscle fibres was assessed with quantitative histochemistry for succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity. RESULTS There was no significant age-related reduction in muscle fibre oxidative capacity. Despite 18% type II fibre atrophy (P = 0.019) and 23% fewer capillaries per fibre (P < 0.002) in the old people, there was no significant difference in capillary distribution between young and old people, irrespective of sex. The capillary supply to a fibre was primarily determined by fibre size and only to a small extent by oxidative capacity, irrespective of age and sex. Based on SDH, the maximal oxygen consumption supported by a capillary did not differ significantly between young and old people. CONCLUSIONS The similar quantitative and qualitative distribution of capillaries within muscle from healthy recreationally active older people and young adults indicates that the age-related capillary rarefaction, which does occur, nevertheless maintains the coupling between skeletal muscle fibre size and capillarization during healthy ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoann Barnouin
- School of Healthcare ScienceManchester Metropolitan UniversityChester StreetManchesterM1 5GDUK
| | - Jamie S. McPhee
- School of Healthcare ScienceManchester Metropolitan UniversityChester StreetManchesterM1 5GDUK
| | - Gillian Butler‐Browne
- Institut de Myologie, UPMC UM 76, INSERM U 974, CNRS UMR 7215Pitle‐Salpetriere Hospital47‐83 Boulevard de l'Hopital 75013ParisFrance
| | - Alessandra Bosutti
- School of Healthcare ScienceManchester Metropolitan UniversityChester StreetManchesterM1 5GDUK
- Istituto di Anatomia Patologica, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e della SaluteUniversity of Trieste, Cattinara HospitalStrada di Fiume 44734149TriesteItaly
| | - Giuseppe De Vito
- Physiotherapy & Sports Science, Health Sciences CentreSchool of Public HealthBelfieldDublin 4D04 V1W8Ireland
| | - David A. Jones
- School of Healthcare ScienceManchester Metropolitan UniversityChester StreetManchesterM1 5GDUK
| | - Marco Narici
- Division of Medical Sciences & Graduate Entry Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, MRC‐ARUK Centre of Excellence for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Derby Royal HospitalUniversity of NottinghamUttoxeter RoadDerbyDE22 3DTUK
| | - Anthony Behin
- AP‐HP—Centre de Référence de Pathologies Neuromusculaire Paris Est—Institut de MyologieParisFrance
| | - Jean‐Yves Hogrel
- Institut de Myologie, UPMC UM 76, INSERM U 974, CNRS UMR 7215Pitle‐Salpetriere Hospital47‐83 Boulevard de l'Hopital 75013ParisFrance
| | - Hans Degens
- School of Healthcare ScienceManchester Metropolitan UniversityChester StreetManchesterM1 5GDUK
- Lithuanian Sports University6 Sporto StLT‐44221KaunasLithuania
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15
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Ballak SB, Busé-Pot T, Harding PJ, Yap MH, Deldicque L, de Haan A, Jaspers RT, Degens H. Blunted angiogenesis and hypertrophy are associated with increased fatigue resistance and unchanged aerobic capacity in old overloaded mouse muscle. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 38:39. [PMID: 26970774 PMCID: PMC5006008 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-016-9894-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We hypothesize that the attenuated hypertrophic response in old mouse muscle is (1) partly due to a reduced capillarization and angiogenesis, which is (2) accompanied by a reduced oxidative capacity and fatigue resistance in old control and overloaded muscles, that (3) can be rescued by the antioxidant resveratrol. To investigate this, the hypertrophic response, capillarization, oxidative capacity, and fatigue resistance of m. plantaris were compared in 9- and 25-month-old non-treated and 25-month-old resveratrol-treated mice. Overload increased the local capillary-to-fiber ratio less in old (15 %) than in adult (59 %) muscle (P < 0.05). Although muscles of old mice had a higher succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity (P < 0.05) and a slower fiber type profile (P < 0.05), the isometric fatigue resistance was similar in 9- and 25-month-old mice. In both age groups, the fatigue resistance was increased to the same extent after overload (P < 0.01), without a significant change in SDH activity, but an increased capillary density (P < 0.05). Attenuated angiogenesis during overload may contribute to the attenuated hypertrophic response in old age. Neither was rescued by resveratrol supplementation. Changes in fatigue resistance with overload and aging were dissociated from changes in SDH activity, but paralleled those in capillarization. This suggests that capillarization plays a more important role in fatigue resistance than oxidative capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam B Ballak
- School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, John Dalton Building, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK
- Laboratory for Myology, Move Research Institute Amsterdam, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tinelies Busé-Pot
- Laboratory for Myology, Move Research Institute Amsterdam, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J Harding
- School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, John Dalton Building, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK
| | - Moi H Yap
- School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, John Dalton Building, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK
| | - Louise Deldicque
- Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, FaBeR, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Arnold de Haan
- School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, John Dalton Building, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK
- Laboratory for Myology, Move Research Institute Amsterdam, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Richard T Jaspers
- Laboratory for Myology, Move Research Institute Amsterdam, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Degens
- School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, John Dalton Building, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK.
- Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania.
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16
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The impact of obesity on skeletal muscle strength and structure through adolescence to old age. Biogerontology 2015; 17:467-83. [PMID: 26667010 PMCID: PMC4889641 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-015-9626-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with functional limitations in muscle performance and increased likelihood of developing a functional disability such as mobility, strength, postural and dynamic balance limitations. The consensus is that obese individuals, regardless of age, have a greater absolute maximum muscle strength compared to non-obese persons, suggesting that increased adiposity acts as a chronic overload stimulus on the antigravity muscles (e.g., quadriceps and calf), thus increasing muscle size and strength. However, when maximum muscular strength is normalised to body mass, obese individuals appear weaker. This relative weakness may be caused by reduced mobility, neural adaptations and changes in muscle morphology. Discrepancies in the literature remain for maximal strength normalised to muscle mass (muscle quality) and can potentially be explained through accounting for the measurement protocol contributing to muscle strength capacity that need to be explored in more depth such as antagonist muscle co-activation, muscle architecture, a criterion valid measurement of muscle size and an accurate measurement of physical activity levels. Current evidence demonstrating the effect of obesity on muscle quality is limited. These factors not being recorded in some of the existing literature suggest a potential underestimation of muscle force either in terms of absolute force production or relative to muscle mass; thus the true effect of obesity upon skeletal muscle size, structure and function, including any interactions with ageing effects, remains to be elucidated.
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17
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Wallace JW, Power GA, Rice CL, Dalton BH. Time-dependent neuromuscular parameters in the plantar flexors support greater fatigability of old compared with younger males. Exp Gerontol 2015; 74:13-20. [PMID: 26657724 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Older adults are more fatigable than young during dynamic tasks, especially those that involve moderate to fast unconstrained velocity shortening contractions. Rate of torque development (RTD), rate of velocity development (RVD) and rate of neuromuscular activation are time-dependent neuromuscular parameters which have not been explored in relation to age-related differences in fatigability. The purpose was to determine whether these time-dependent measures affect the greater age-related fatigability in peak power during moderately fast and maximal effort shortening plantar flexions. Neuromuscular properties were recorded from 10 old (~ 78 years) and 10 young (~ 24 years) men during 50 maximal-effort unconstrained velocity shortening plantar flexions against a resistance equivalent to 20% maximal voluntary isometric contraction torque. At task termination, peak power, and angular velocity, and torque at peak power were decreased by 30, 18, and 16%, respectively, for the young (p < 0.05), and 46, 28, 30% for the old (p < 0.05) compared to pre-fatigue values with the old exhibiting greater reductions across all measures (p<0.05). Voluntary RVD and RTD decreased, respectively, by 24 and 26% in the young and by 47 and 40% in the old at task termination, with greater decrements in the old (p < 0.05). Rate of neuromuscular activation of the soleus decreased over time for both age groups (~ 47%; p < 0.05), but for the medial gastrocnemius (MG) only the old experienced significant decrements (46%) by task termination. All parameters were correlated strongly with the fatigue-related reduction in peak power (r = 0.81-0.94, p < 0.05), except for MG and soleus rates of neuromuscular activation (r = 0.25-0.30, p > 0.10). Fatigue-related declines in voluntary RTD and RVD were both moderately correlated with MG rate of neuromuscular activation (r = 0.51-0.52, p < 0.05), but exhibited a trend with soleus (r = 0.39-0.41, p = 0.07-0.09). Thus, time-dependent factors, RVD and RTD, are likely important indicators of intrinsic muscle properties leading to the greater age-related decline in peak power when performing a repetitive dynamic fatigue task, which may be due to greater fatigue-related central impairments for the older men than young.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan W Wallace
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - Geoffrey A Power
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Charles L Rice
- Canadian Centre for Activity and Aging, School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian H Dalton
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States.
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