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Li KH, Li ZG, Xiong HL, Liu XN, Ma XL. Biomechanical Study of Minimally Invasive Nonfusion Surgery for Treatment of Disc Herniation Associated with Adjacent Segment Disease: A Finite Element Analysis. World Neurosurg 2023; 179:e305-e313. [PMID: 37634668 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.08.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We explored the biomechanical changes of 2 conventional minimally invasive nonfusion surgical methods for treating disc herniation in adjacent segment disease using 3-dimensional finite element analysis. METHODS A model comprising L3 to the sacrum was validated and used to establish an L4-L5 fusion model, and an adjacent segment disease (ASD) model was developed by modifying the material properties of the intervertebral discs. The ASD model was used to simulate 2 conventional minimally invasive nonfusion surgical methods, which resulted in the creation of 2 postoperative models (M1 and M2). The range of motion and the equivalent stress for each model were recorded under 6 different working conditions. The data are descriptive and were analyzed comparatively under a normal load. RESULTS Compared with the ASD group, the range of motion of the adjacent segment in the M1 and M2 groups remained unaffected. However, significant Von-Mises stress changes were found in the annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus (NP), especially during extension, ipsilateral bending, and rotation. Stress in the NP also shifted toward the surgical incision in the annulus fibrosus during these movements. The maximum Von-Mises stress in the NP of the cephalic segment increased more than did that of the caudal segment. CONCLUSIONS Minimal nonfusion surgery for ASD might not affect adjacent segment stability significantly. Nonetheless, it can lead to segmental degeneration deterioration and postoperative recurrence. The cephalic segment is affected more than the caudal segment. Therefore, consideration of disc degeneration and appropriate selection of surgical methods for ASD are crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Hua Li
- Graduate School of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China; Institute of Orthopedics, Fengfeng General Hospital of North China Medical & Health Group, Handan, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Guo Li
- Institute of Orthopedics, Fengfeng General Hospital of North China Medical & Health Group, Handan, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Ling Xiong
- Institute of Orthopedics, Fengfeng General Hospital of North China Medical & Health Group, Handan, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ning Liu
- Institute of Orthopedics, Fengfeng General Hospital of North China Medical & Health Group, Handan, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Long Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
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Li KH, Yang H, Li ZG, Ma XL. The effect of annulus fibrosus incision and foraminoplasty on lumbar biomechanics in percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy: a finite element analysis. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2023:1-9. [PMID: 37861409 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2023.2271602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of annulus fibrosus incision and foraminoplasty on lumbar biomechanics during posterior lateral approach translaminar percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD) using a lumbar 4/5 segment model and three-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA). We created a model of the L4 to L5 segment and performed simulated foraminoplasty, annulus fibrosus incision, and a combined operation. The models were tested under six working conditions, and we recorded the deformation and equivalent strain/stress of each group. Results showed that foraminoplasty can affect the stability and rotation axis of the segment during rotation without significantly impacting discal stress. Conversely, annulus fibrosus incision significantly increases discal stress except for when the patient is doing a forward flexion movement. We recommend that surgical maneuvers minimize the removal and destruction of the annulus fibrosus and that rotation movements are avoided during the short-term recovery period following PELD surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Hua Li
- Graduate School of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Orthopedics, Fengfeng General Hospital of North China Medical& Health Group, Handan, Hebei, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Institute of Orthopedics, Fengfeng General Hospital of North China Medical& Health Group, Handan, Hebei, China
| | - Zhi-Guo Li
- Institute of Orthopedics, Fengfeng General Hospital of North China Medical& Health Group, Handan, Hebei, China
| | - Xin-Long Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Hsiao CK, Hsiao HY, Tsai YJ, Hsu CM, Tu YK. Influence of Simulated State of Disc Degeneration and Axial Stiffness of Coupler in a Hybrid Performance Stabilisation System on the Biomechanics of a Spine Segment Model. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1042. [PMID: 37760144 PMCID: PMC10525081 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10091042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal fusion surgery leads to the restriction of mobility in the vertebral segments postoperatively, thereby causing stress to rise at the adjacent levels, resulting in early degeneration and a high risk of adjacent vertebral fractures. Thus, to address this issue, non-fusion surgery applies some pedicle screw-based dynamic stabilisation systems to provide stability and micromotion, thereby reducing stress in the fusion segments. Among these systems, the hybrid performance stabilisation system (HPSS) combines a rigid rod, transfer screw, and coupler design to offer a semi-rigid fixation method that preserves some mobility near the fusion site and reduces the adjacent segment compensatory effects. However, further research and confirmation are needed regarding the biomechanical effects of the dynamic coupler stiffness of the HPSS on the intrinsic degenerated adjacent segment. Therefore, this study utilised the finite element method to investigate the impact of the coupler stiffness of the HPSS on the mobility of the lumbar vertebral segments and the stress distribution in the intervertebral discs under flexion, extension, and lateral bending, as well as the clinical applicability of the HPSS on the discs with intrinsic moderate and severe degeneration at the adjacent level. The analytical results indicated that, regardless of the degree of disc degeneration, the use of a dynamic coupler stiffness of 57 N/mm in the HPSS may reduce the stress concentrations at the adjacent levels. However, for severely degenerated discs, the postoperative stress on the adjacent segments with the HPSS was still higher compared with that of the discs with moderate degeneration. We conclude that, when the discs had moderate degeneration, increasing the coupler stiffness led to a decrease in disc mobility. In the case of severe disc degeneration, the effect on disc mobility by coupler stiffness was less pronounced. Increasing the coupler stiffness ked to higher stress on intervertebral discs with moderate degeneration, while its effect on stress was less pronounced for discs with severe degeneration. It is recommended that patients with severe degeneration who undergo spinal dynamic stabilisation should remain mindful of the risk of accelerated adjacent segment degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Kun Hsiao
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan; (C.-K.H.); (Y.-J.T.)
- Department of Orthopedics, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan;
| | - Hao-Yuan Hsiao
- Department of Orthopedics, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan;
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jung Tsai
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan; (C.-K.H.); (Y.-J.T.)
| | - Chao-Ming Hsu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Kun Tu
- Department of Orthopedics, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan;
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Yeditepe spine mesh: Finite element modeling and validation of a parametric CAD model of lumbar spine. Med Eng Phys 2022; 110:103911. [PMID: 36564136 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2022.103911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Finite element analysis is a powerful tool that is often used to study the biomechanical response of the spine. The primary objective of this study was to illustrate the mechanical behavior of a previously proposed parametric CAD spine model in comparison with a segmented FSU model and the literature. In this study, two finite element models of the L4-L5 spinal level were developed from the same patient's CT scan data. The first was developed using well-known segmentation methods, whereas the second was developed from the new by using a novel parametric CAD model. Both models were subjected to the same loading and boundary conditions to perform flexion, extension, lateral bending and axial rotation motions. The segmented finite element model was observed to be in good agreement with the literature. The parametric finite element model results were also observed to be in good agreement with the segmented finite element model and with the literature except under extension.
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Nicolini LF, Beckmann A, Laubach M, Hildebrand F, Kobbe P, Mello Roesler CRD, Fancello EA, Markert B, Stoffel M. An experimental-numerical method for the calibration of finite element models of the lumbar spine. Med Eng Phys 2022; 107:103854. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2022.103854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Wei W, Zhang T, Huang Z, Yang J. Finite element analysis in brace treatment on adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Med Biol Eng Comput 2022; 60:907-920. [DOI: 10.1007/s11517-022-02524-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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The evaluation of reverse shoulder lateralization on deltoid forces and scapular fracture risk: A computational study. MEDICINE IN NOVEL TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medntd.2021.100076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Dogru SC, Arslan YZ. Effect of Model Parameters on the Biomechanical Behavior of the Finite Element Cervical Spine Model. Appl Bionics Biomech 2021; 2021:5593037. [PMID: 34257704 PMCID: PMC8257375 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5593037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Finite element (FE) models have frequently been used to analyze spine biomechanics. Material parameters assigned to FE spine models are generally uncertain, and their effect on the characterization of the spinal components is not clear. In this study, we aimed to analyze the effect of model parameters on the range of motion, stress, and strain responses of a FE cervical spine model. To do so, we created a computed tomography-based FE model that consisted of C2-C3 vertebrae, intervertebral disc, facet joints, and ligaments. A total of 32 FE analyses were carried out for two different elastic modulus equations and four different bone layer numbers under four different loading conditions. We evaluated the effects of elastic modulus equations and layer number on the biomechanical behavior of the FE spine model by taking the range of angular motion, stress, and strain responses into account. We found that the angular motions of the one- and two-layer models had a greater variation than those in the models with four and eight layers. The angular motions obtained for the four- and eight-layer models were almost the same, indicating that the use of a four-layer model would be sufficient to achieve a stress value converging to a certain level as the number of layers increases. We also observed that the equation proposed by Gupta and Dan (2004) agreed well with the experimental angular motion data. The outcomes of this study are expected to contribute to the determination of the model parameters used in FE spine models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzan Cansel Dogru
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey
| | - Yunus Ziya Arslan
- Department of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Institute of Graduate Studies in Science and Engineering, Turkish-German University, Turkey
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Yoganandan N, Purushothaman Y, Choi H, Baisden J, Rajasekaran D, Banerjee A, Jebaseelan D, Kurpad S. Biomechanical Study of Cervical Disc Arthroplasty Devices Using Finite Element Modeling. JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE IN MEDICAL DIAGNOSTICS AND THERAPY 2021; 4:021004. [PMID: 35832636 PMCID: PMC8597568 DOI: 10.1115/1.4049907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Many artificial discs for have been introduced to overcome the disadvantages of conventional anterior discectomy and fusion. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of different U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA) on the range of motion (ROM), intradiscal pressure, and facet force variables under physiological loading. A validated three-dimensional finite element model of the human intact cervical spine (C2-T1) was used. The intact spine was modified to simulate CDAs at C5-C6. Hybrid loading with a follower load of 75 N and moments under flexion, extension, and lateral bending of 2 N·m each were applied to intact and CDA spines. From this work, it was found that at the index level, all CDAs except the Bryan disc increased ROM, and at the adjacent levels, motion decreased in all modes. The largest increase occurred under the lateral bending mode. The Bryan disc had compensatory motion increases at the adjacent levels. Intradiscal pressure reduced at the adjacent levels with Mobi-C and Secure-C. Facet force increased at the index level in all CDAs, with the highest force with the Mobi-C. The force generally decreased at the adjacent levels, except for the Bryan disc and Prestige LP in lateral bending. This study demonstrates the influence of different CDA designs on the anterior and posterior loading patterns at the index and adjacent levels with head supported mass type loadings. The study validates key clinical observations: CDA procedure is contraindicated in cases of facet arthroplasty and may be protective against adjacent segment degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayan Yoganandan
- Center for NeuroTrauma Research, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226; VA Medical Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226; Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Yuvaraj Purushothaman
- Center for NeuroTrauma Research, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Hoon Choi
- Center for NeuroTrauma Research, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Jamie Baisden
- Center for NeuroTrauma Research, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Deepak Rajasekaran
- Center for NeuroTrauma Research, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Anjishnu Banerjee
- Division of Biostatistics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Davidson Jebaseelan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai Campus, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Shekar Kurpad
- Center for NeuroTrauma Research, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226; VA Medical Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
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He L, Xiang Q, Yang Y, Tsai TY, Yu Y, Cheng L. The anterior and traverse cage can provide optimal biomechanical performance for both traditional and percutaneous endoscopic transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion. Comput Biol Med 2021; 131:104291. [PMID: 33676337 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) is a well-established surgical treatment for patients with lumbar degenerative disc disease; however, the optimal position for the interbody fusion cage in TLIF procedures for reducing cage-related complications remains uncertain. The present study aims to compare the biomechanical effects between different cage positions in TLIF and percutaneous endoscopic-TLIF (PE-TLIF). METHOD An intact finite element model of L3-L5 from computed tomography images of a 25-year-old healthy male without any lumbar disease was reconstructed and validated. TLIF and PE-TLIF were performed on L4-L5 with bilateral pedicle screws fixation. Two surgical finite element models were subjected to loads with six degrees of freedom. The range of motion (ROM) and von Mises stress of the implantations and endplates were measured for the anterior, middle, and posterior district and the traverse or oblique direction of the cage respectively. RESULTS As the cage was implanted forward, the ROMs in the fused L4-L5 segments and the von Mises stress of the cage and endplates decreased while the von Mises stress of the screws increased; this was also shown in the traverse cage when compared with the oblique cage (A-90-compared with A-45- had a 31.3%, 1.7%, 12.6%, and 5.7% decrease in FL, EX, LB and AR). The ROMs (TLIF A-45 increase of 80.8%, 23.8%, and 12.2% in FL, EX, and LB when compared with PE-TLIF), cage stress, and endplate stress of PE-TLIF were lower than those of TLIF. CONCLUSIONS Considering the ROM of the fusion segments, implanting the cage in the anterior district in the traverse direction can effectively enhance the fusion segment stiffness, thus contributing to the stability of the lumbar spine after fusion. It can also cause less cage stress and endplate stress, which indicates its beneficial effect in avoiding cage injury or subsidence. However, the higher stress of the pedicle screws and rods indicates higher failure risk. PE-TLIF had better biomechanical performance than TLIF. Therefore, it is recommended that the surgeon implant the cage in the anterior district of the L5 vertebra's upper endplate in the traverse direction using the PE-TLIF technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei He
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China; College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200082, China; Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Qingzhi Xiang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China; Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Yangyang Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China; School of Biomedical Engineering & Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Tsung-Yuan Tsai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China; School of Biomedical Engineering & Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yan Yu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China; Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China.
| | - Liming Cheng
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China; Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China
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Cho W, Wang W, Bucklen B, Ramos RDLG, Yassari R. The Role of Biological Fusion and Anterior Column Support in a Long Lumbopelvic Spinal Fixation and Its Effect on the S1 Screw-An In Silico Biomechanics Analysis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2021; 46:E250-E256. [PMID: 33156284 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000003768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Finite element analysis. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the role of biological fusion and anterior column support in a long lumbopelvic spinal fixation. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Retrospective studies have shown that adding anterior column support is not sensitive to construct failure, highlighting that posterior fusion quality may be a more important factor. METHODS Finite element models were created to match the average spinal-pelvic parameters of two patient cohorts reported in the literature: major failure and nonfailure. A moment load was applied at the T10 superior endplate to simulate gravimetric loading in a standing position. Effects of three factors on the biomechanical behavior of a fused spine were evaluated: sagittal alignment; posterior fusion versus no fusion; and anterior support at L4-S1 versus no anterior support. RESULTS Sagittal balance of the major failure group was positively correlated with 15% higher translation, 14% higher rotation, and 16% higher stress than in the nonfailure group. Simulated posterior fusion-only decreased motion by 32% and 29%, and alleviated rod stress by 15% and 5% and S1 screw stress by 26% and 35%, respectively, in major failure and non-failure groups. The addition of anterior fusion without posterior fusion did not help with rod stress alleviation but dramatically decreased S1 screw stress (by 57% and 41%), respectively. With both posterior fusion and anterior support, screw stress at the S1 was decreased by additional 30% and 6%, respectively. CONCLUSION The spinopelvic parameters of the major failure group produced increased gravity load, resulting in increased stresses in comparison to the nonfailure group. Simulated posterior "solid" fusion in the lumbar region helped reduce stresses in both major failure and nonfailure patients. Anterior column support was an important factor in reducing S1 screw stress, with or without posterior fusion, and should be considered for patients with poor alignment.Level of Evidence: N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woojin Cho
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY
| | - Wenhai Wang
- Musculoskeletal Education and Research Center (MERC), A Division of Globus Medical, Inc., Audubon, PA
| | - Brandon Bucklen
- Musculoskeletal Education and Research Center (MERC), A Division of Globus Medical, Inc., Audubon, PA
| | | | - Reza Yassari
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY
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Yahyaiee Bavil A, Rouhi G. The biomechanical performance of the night-time Providence brace: experimental and finite element investigations. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05210. [PMID: 33102843 PMCID: PMC7575799 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The main goal of this study was to investigate the performance of a night-time Providence brace, which alters stress distribution in the growth plates and ultimately result in a reduced Cobb angle, from a biomechanical standpoint, using experimental and in-silico tools. A patient with a mild scoliosis (Cobb angle = 17) was chosen for this study. Applied forces from the Providence brace on the patient's rib cage and pelvis were measured using flexible force pads, and the measured forces were then imported to the generated FE model, and their effects on both curvature and stress distribution were observed. The measured mean forces applied by the brace were 29.4 N, 24.7 N, 22.4 N, and 37.6 N in the posterior pelvis, anterior pelvis, superior thorax, and inferior thorax, respectively, in the supine position. Results of the FE model showed that there is curvature overcorrection, and also Cobb angle was reduced from 17°, in the initial configuration, to 3.4° right after using the brace. The stress distribution, resulted from the FE model, in the patient's growth plate with the brace in the supine position, deviates from that of a scoliotic individual without the brace, and was in favor of reducing the Cobb angle. It was observed that by wearing the night time brace, unbalanced stress distribution on the lumbar vertebrae caused by the scoliotic spine's curvatures, can be somehow compensated. The method developed in this study can be employed to optimize existing scoliosis braces from the biomechanical standpoint.
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Arab AZEA, Merdji A, Benaissa A, Roy S, Bachir Bouiadjra BA, Layadi K, Ouddane A, Mukdadi OM. Finite-Element analysis of a lateral femoro-tibial impact on the total knee arthroplasty. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2020; 192:105446. [PMID: 32200048 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2020.105446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a routine surgery performed to treat patients with severe knee osteoarthritis. The success of a TKA depends strongly on the initial stability of the prosthetic components and its long-term osseointegration due to the optimal distribution of mechanical stresses in the surrounding bones under the effect of the different biomechanical loads applied to the Femur-TKA-Tibia system. The purpose of this study is to analyze the level and the distribution of the induced stresses in a Femur-TKA-Tibia system subjected to combined triaxial forces, which mimic a femoral mechanical shock. METHODS In this study, complex TKA system implanted in both femoral and tibial bones has been analyzed numerically with a three-dimensional finite-element method. A virtual model is designed to examine in silico the effect of the combined triaxial forces acting on this prosthesis in femoral region. Anatomical three-dimensional finite-element models of both femoral and tibial bones were constructed to calculate the interfacial stresses around the TKA components. The 3D finite-element processing program ABAQUS was used to perform the analysis. RESULTS The stresses propagated in the bone regions adjacent to the TKA osseointegrated components, and the decreased in their magnitude to the outer region. These stresses reached the highest level in the cortical bone areas that are right next to the proximal upper attachment portions of the TKA osseointegrated components. The magnitude of the stresses in the tibial component is higher than that in the femoral component. Finally, it is very important to emphasize the role of the polyethylene articulating spacer in the shock absorption of bone support sections. Thus, this component should be preserved mechanically from the impact of high shocks in order to maintain healthy TKA systems. CONCLUSIONS Optimizing TKA model by controlling the biomechanical stresses distributed within its both components and supporting bones is a valid approach to achieving favorable long-term outcomes. The 3D finite-element analysis provides an effective pre-operative method for planning patient-specific TKA prostheses, and for designing future models that preserves the biomechanical function of the Femur-TKA-Tibia system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Zine El-Abidine Arab
- Laboratory of Mechanics Physics of Materials (LMPM), Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Technology, Djillali Liabes University, Sidi Bel-Abbes 22000, Algeria; Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Mascara, Mascara 29000, Algeria
| | - Ali Merdji
- Laboratory of Mechanics Physics of Materials (LMPM), Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Technology, Djillali Liabes University, Sidi Bel-Abbes 22000, Algeria; Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Mascara, Mascara 29000, Algeria
| | - Ali Benaissa
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Mascara, Mascara 29000, Algeria
| | - Sandipan Roy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai-603203, India.
| | - Bel-Abbes Bachir Bouiadjra
- Laboratory of Mechanics Physics of Materials (LMPM), Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Technology, Djillali Liabes University, Sidi Bel-Abbes 22000, Algeria
| | - Khaled Layadi
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oran 1, BP.1510, Al M'naouer, Oran 31000, Algeria
| | - Abdelhakim Ouddane
- Meslem Tayeb Hospital, Avenue of Sidi Kada Belmokhtar, Mascara 29002, Algeria
| | - Osama M Mukdadi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States
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Cho W, Wang W, Bucklen B. The role of sagittal alignment in predicting major failure of lumbopelvic instrumentation: a biomechanical validation of lumbopelvic failure classification. Spine Deform 2020; 8:561-568. [PMID: 32472279 DOI: 10.1007/s43390-020-00052-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Finite element analysis. OBJECTIVES To biomechanically validate the classification of lumbopelvic fixation failure using an in silico model. Even though major failure of lumbopelvic constructs has occurred more often in patients with suboptimal lumbar lordosis and sagittal balance, there has been no biomechanical validation of this classification. METHODS Finite element models (T10-pelvis) were created to match the average spinal-pelvic parameters of two cohorts of patients reported in Cho et al. (J Neurosurg Spine 19:445-453, 2013): major failure group (defined as rod breakage between L4 and S1, failure of S1 screws and prominence of iliac screws requiring removal) and non-failure group. A moment was applied at the T10 superior endplate to simulate gravimetric loading in a standing position. RESULTS Due to differences in the alignment of spinopelvic parameters between normal and failed spines in the presence of a fixed gravity line, the major failure cohort in this study observed a 20% higher load and 18% greater instability. As a result, the rod and screw stress in the major failure cohort increased by 20% and 42%, respectively, in comparison to the non-failure cohort. CONCLUSIONS The greater mechanical demand on the posterior rods in the lower lumbar spine in the major failure cohort further emphasizes the importance of proper sagittal alignment. This finite element analysis validates the classification of lumbopelvic fixation failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woojin Cho
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, 3400 Bainbridge Ave, 6th Fl., Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Wenhai Wang
- Musculoskeletal Education and Research Center (MERC), A Division of Globus Medical, Inc., 2560 General Armistead Avenue, Audubon, PA, 19403, USA.
| | - Brandon Bucklen
- Musculoskeletal Education and Research Center (MERC), A Division of Globus Medical, Inc., 2560 General Armistead Avenue, Audubon, PA, 19403, USA
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15
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Fidalgo DS, Areias B, Sousa LC, Parente M, Jorge RN, Sousa H, Gonçalves JM. Minimally invasive transforaminal and anterior lumbar interbody fusion surgery at level L5-S1. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2020; 23:384-395. [PMID: 32096422 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2020.1731482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a finite element analysis to investigate the biomechanical changes caused by transforaminal (TLIF) and anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) at the L5-S1 level, applying two different implants: T_PAL (TLIF) and SynFix (ALIF). The main objective is to determine which one is more stable for patients. Numerical simulations of segmental motion show that, in the early postoperative phase, displacements and rotation angles obtained in ALIF are greater than the corresponding ones obtained in TLIF, as well as the principal stress values on the ligaments. So, TLIF performed with T_PAL is more stable than ALIF, especially during the recovery phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Fidalgo
- INEGI/DEMec, FEUP, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - B Areias
- INEGI/DEMec, FEUP, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - L C Sousa
- INEGI/DEMec, FEUP, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - M Parente
- INEGI/DEMec, FEUP, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - R N Jorge
- INEGI/DEMec, FEUP, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - H Sousa
- Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
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Guo LX, Li WJ. Finite element modeling and static/dynamic validation of thoracolumbar-pelvic segment. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2019; 23:69-80. [DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2019.1699543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xin Guo
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wu-Jie Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
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17
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Choi J, Shin DA, Kim S. Finite element analysis of a ball-and-socket artificial disc design to suppress excessive loading on facet joints: A comparative study with ProDisc. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2019; 35:e3214. [PMID: 31070301 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.3214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Facet arthrosis at surgical level was identified as major complication after total disc replacement (TDR). One of the reasons for facet arthrosis after TDR has been speculated to be the hypermobility of artificial discs. Accordingly, the artificial disc that can constrain the hypermobility of ball-and-socket type artificial discs and reduce loading on facet joints is demanded. The proposed artificial disc, which is named as NewPro, was constructed based on the FDA-approved ProDisc but contained an interlocking system consisting of additional bars and grooves to control the range of motion (ROM) of lumbar spine in all anatomical planes. The three-dimensional finite element model of L1 to L5 was developed first, and the biomechanical effects were compared between ProDisc and NewPro. The ROM and facet contact force of NewPro were significantly decreased by 42.7% and 14% in bending and by 45.6% and 34.4% in torsion, respectively, compared with the values of ProDisc, thanks to the interlocking system. In addition, the ROM and facet contact force could be selectively constrained by modifying the location of the bars. The proposed artificial disc with the interlocking system was able to constrain the intersegmental rotation effectively and reduce excessive loading on facet joints, although wear and strength tests would be needed prior to clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisoo Choi
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Dong-Ah Shin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sohee Kim
- Department of Robotics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, South Korea
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18
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Somovilla-Gómez F, Lostado-Lorza R, Corral-Bobadilla M, Escribano-García R. Improvement in determining the risk of damage to the human lumbar functional spinal unit considering age, height, weight and sex using a combination of FEM and RSM. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2019; 19:351-387. [DOI: 10.1007/s10237-019-01215-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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19
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Lv QB, Gao X, Pan XX, Jin HM, Lou XT, Li SM, Yan YZ, Wu CC, Lin Y, Ni WF, Wang XY, Wu AM. Biomechanical properties of novel transpedicular transdiscal screw fixation with interbody arthrodesis technique in lumbar spine: A finite element study. J Orthop Translat 2018; 15:50-58. [PMID: 30306045 PMCID: PMC6172361 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate finite element biomechanical properties of the novel transpedicular transdiscal (TPTD) screw fixation with interbody arthrodesis technique in lumbar spine. Methods An L4–L5 finite element model was established and validated. Then, two fixation models, TPTD screw system and bilateral pedicle screw system (BPSS), were established on the validated L4–L5 finite element model. The inferior surface of the L5 vertebra was set immobilised, and moment of 7.5 Nm was applied on the L4 vertebra to test the range of motion (ROM) and stress at flexion, extension, lateral bending and axial rotation. Results The intact model was validated for prediction accuracy by comparing two previously published studies. Both of TPTD and BPSS fixation models displayed decreased motion at L4–L5. The ROMs of six moments of flexion, extension, left lateral bending, right lateral bending, left axial rotation and right axial rotation in TPTD model were 1.92, 2.12, 1.10, 1.11, 0.90 and 0.87°, respectively; in BPSS model, they were 1.48, 0.42, 0.35, 0.38, 0.74 and 0.75°, respectively. The screws' peak stress of above six moments in TPTD model was 182.58, 272.75, 133.01, 137.36, 155.48 and 150.50 MPa, respectively; and in BPSS model, it was 103.16, 129.74, 120.28, 134.62, 180.84 and 169.76 MPa, respectively. Conclusion Both BPSS and TPTD can provide stable biomechanical properties for lumbar spine. The decreased ROM of flexion, extension and lateral bending was slightly more in BPSS model than in TPTD model, but TPTD model had similar ROM of axial rotation with BPSS model. The screws' peak stress of TPTD screw focused on the L4–L5 intervertebral space region, and more caution should be put at this site for the fatigue breakage. The translational potential of this article Our finite element study provides the biomechanical properties of novel TPTD screw fixation, and promotes this novel transpedicular transdiscal screw fixation with interbody arthrodesis technique be used clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Bo Lv
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Spine Surgery Centre, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China.,Department of Orthopedics, The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China.,The Digital Orthopaedic Research Group, The Key Orthopaedic Laboratory in Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Suzhou University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiang-Xiang Pan
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Spine Surgery Centre, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China.,The Digital Orthopaedic Research Group, The Key Orthopaedic Laboratory in Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Hai-Ming Jin
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Spine Surgery Centre, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China.,The Digital Orthopaedic Research Group, The Key Orthopaedic Laboratory in Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Xiao-Ting Lou
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Spine Surgery Centre, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China.,Department of Orthopedics, The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Shu-Min Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Ying-Zhao Yan
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Spine Surgery Centre, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China.,The Digital Orthopaedic Research Group, The Key Orthopaedic Laboratory in Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Cong-Cong Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Spine Surgery Centre, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China.,The Digital Orthopaedic Research Group, The Key Orthopaedic Laboratory in Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Spine Surgery Centre, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Wen-Fei Ni
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Spine Surgery Centre, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Spine Surgery Centre, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China.,Department of Orthopedics, The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Ai-Min Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Spine Surgery Centre, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China.,Department of Orthopedics, The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China.,The Digital Orthopaedic Research Group, The Key Orthopaedic Laboratory in Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
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20
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Yoganandan N, Moore J, Pintar FA, Banerjee A, DeVogel N, Zhang J. Role of disc area and trabecular bone density on lumbar spinal column fracture risk curves under vertical impact. J Biomech 2018; 72:90-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2018.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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21
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Gómez FS, Lorza RL, Bobadilla MC, García RE. Improving the Process of Adjusting the Parameters of Finite Element Models of Healthy Human Intervertebral Discs by the Multi-Response Surface Method. MATERIALS 2017; 10:ma10101116. [PMID: 28934161 PMCID: PMC5666922 DOI: 10.3390/ma10101116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The kinematic behavior of models that are based on the finite element method (FEM) for modeling the human body depends greatly on an accurate estimate of the parameters that define such models. This task is complex, and any small difference between the actual biomaterial model and the simulation model based on FEM can be amplified enormously in the presence of nonlinearities. The current paper attempts to demonstrate how a combination of the FEM and the MRS methods with desirability functions can be used to obtain the material parameters that are most appropriate for use in defining the behavior of Finite Element (FE) models of the healthy human lumbar intervertebral disc (IVD). The FE model parameters were adjusted on the basis of experimental data from selected standard tests (compression, flexion, extension, shear, lateral bending, and torsion) and were developed as follows: First, three-dimensional parameterized FE models were generated on the basis of the mentioned standard tests. Then, 11 parameters were selected to define the proposed parameterized FE models. For each of the standard tests, regression models were generated using MRS to model the six stiffness and nine bulges of the healthy IVD models that were created by changing the parameters of the FE models. The optimal combination of the 11 parameters was based on three different adjustment criteria. The latter, in turn, were based on the combination of stiffness and bulges that were obtained from the standard test FE simulations. The first adjustment criteria considered stiffness and bulges to be equally important in the adjustment of FE model parameters. The second adjustment criteria considered stiffness as most important, whereas the third considered the bulges to be most important. The proposed adjustment methods were applied to a medium-sized human IVD that corresponded to the L3–L4 lumbar level with standard dimensions of width = 50 mm, depth = 35 mm, and height = 10 mm. Agreement between the kinematic behavior that was obtained with the optimized parameters and that obtained from the literature demonstrated that the proposed method is a powerful tool with which to adjust healthy IVD FE models when there are many parameters, stiffnesses, and bulges to which the models must adjust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima Somovilla Gómez
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of La Rioja, 26004 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain.
| | - Rubén Lostado Lorza
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of La Rioja, 26004 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain.
| | - Marina Corral Bobadilla
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of La Rioja, 26004 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain.
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22
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Efficient probabilistic finite element analysis of a lumbar motion segment. J Biomech 2017; 61:65-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Bess S, Harris JE, Turner AWL, LaFage V, Smith JS, Shaffrey CI, Schwab FJ, Haid RW. The effect of posterior polyester tethers on the biomechanics of proximal junctional kyphosis: a finite element analysis. J Neurosurg Spine 2017; 26:125-133. [DOI: 10.3171/2016.6.spine151477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE
Proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) remains problematic following multilevel instrumented spine surgery. Previous biomechanical studies indicate that providing less rigid fixation at the cranial aspect of a long posterior instrumented construct, via transition rods or hooks at the upper instrumented vertebra (UIV), may provide a gradual transition to normal motion and prevent PJK. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of posterior anchored polyethylene tethers to distribute proximal motion segment stiffness in long instrumented spine constructs.
METHODS
A finite element model of a T7–L5 spine segment was created to evaluate range of motion (ROM), intradiscal pressure, pedicle screw loads, and forces in the posterior ligament complex within and adjacent to the proximal terminus of an instrumented spine construct. Six models were tested: 1) intact spine; 2) bilateral, segmental pedicle screws (PS) at all levels from T-11 through L-5; 3) bilateral pedicle screws from T-12 to L-5 and transverse process hooks (TPH) at T-11 (the UIV); 4) pedicle screws from T-11 to L5 and 1-level tethers from T-10 to T-11 (TE-UIV+1); 5) pedicle screws from T-11 to L-5 and 2-level tethers from T-9 to T-11 (TE-UIV+2); and 6) pedicle screws and 3-level tethers from T-8 to T-11 (TE-UIV+3).
RESULTS
Proximal-segment range of motion (ROM) for the PS construct increased from 16% at UIV−1 to 91% at UIV. Proximal-segment ROM for the TPH construct increased from 27% at UIV−1 to 92% at UIV. Posterior tether constructs distributed ROM at the UIV and cranial adjacent segments most effectively; ROM for TE-UIV+1 was 14% of the intact model at UIV−1, 76% at UIV, and 98% at UIV+1. ROM for TE-UIV+2 was 10% at UIV−1, 51% at UIV, 69% at UIV+1, and 97% at UIV+2. ROM for TE-UIV+3 was 7% at UIV−1, 33% at UIV, 45% at UIV+1, and 64% at UIV+2. Proximal segment intradiscal pressures, pedicle screw loads, and ligament forces in the posterior ligament complex were progressively reduced with increasing number of posterior tethers used.
CONCLUSIONS
Finite element analysis of long instrumented spine constructs demonstrated that posterior tethers created a more gradual transition in ROM and adjacent-segment stress from the instrumented to the noninstrumented spine compared with all PS and TPH constructs. Posterior tethers may limit the biomechanical risk factor for PJK; however, further clinical research is needed to evaluate clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shay Bess
- 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University/Hospital for Joint Diseases
| | | | | | - Virginie LaFage
- 3Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
| | - Justin S. Smith
- 4Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville, Virginia; and
| | - Christopher I. Shaffrey
- 4Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville, Virginia; and
| | - Frank J. Schwab
- 3Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
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Showalter BL, DeLucca JF, Peloquin JM, Cortes DH, Yoder JH, Jacobs NT, Wright AC, Gee JC, Vresilovic EJ, Elliott DM. Novel human intervertebral disc strain template to quantify regional three-dimensional strains in a population and compare to internal strains predicted by a finite element model. J Orthop Res 2016; 34:1264-73. [PMID: 26694516 PMCID: PMC5244430 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Tissue strain is an important indicator of mechanical function, but is difficult to noninvasively measure in the intervertebral disc. The objective of this study was to generate a disc strain template, a 3D average of disc strain, of a group of human L4-L5 discs loaded in axial compression. To do so, magnetic resonance images of uncompressed discs were used to create an average disc shape. Next, the strain tensors were calculated pixel-wise by using a previously developed registration algorithm. Individual disc strain tensor components were then transformed to the template space and averaged to create the disc strain template. The strain template reduced individual variability while highlighting group trends. For example, higher axial and circumferential strains were present in the lateral and posterolateral regions of the disc, which may lead to annular tears. This quantification of group-level trends in local 3D strain is a significant step forward in the study of disc biomechanics. These trends were compared to a finite element model that had been previously validated against the disc-level mechanical response. Depending on the strain component, 81-99% of the regions within the finite element model had calculated strains within one standard deviation of the template strain results. The template creation technique provides a new measurement technique useful for a wide range of studies, including more complex loading conditions, the effect of disc pathologies and degeneration, damage mechanisms, and design and evaluation of treatments. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:1264-1273, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent L. Showalter
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - John F. DeLucca
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
| | - John M. Peloquin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Daniel H. Cortes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
| | - Jonathon H. Yoder
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Nathan T. Jacobs
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Alexander C. Wright
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - James C. Gee
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Edward J. Vresilovic
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
| | - Dawn M. Elliott
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
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Biomechanical effects of fusion levels on the risk of proximal junctional failure and kyphosis in lumbar spinal fusion surgery. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2015; 30:1162-9. [PMID: 26320851 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal fusion surgery is a widely used surgical procedure for sagittal realignment. Clinical studies have reported that spinal fusion may cause proximal junctional kyphosis and failure with disc failure, vertebral fracture, and/or failure at the implant-bone interface. However, the biomechanical injury mechanisms of proximal junctional kyphosis and failure remain unclear. METHODS A finite element model of the thoracolumbar spine was used. Nine fusion models with pedicle screw systems implanted at the L2-L3, L3-L4, L4-L5, L5-S1, L2-L4, L3-L5, L4-S1, L2-L5, and L3-S1 levels were developed based on the respective surgical protocols. The developed models simulated flexion-extension using hybrid testing protocol. FINDINGS When spinal fusion was performed at more distal levels, particularly at the L5-S1 level, the following biomechanical properties increased during flexion-extension: range of motion, stress on the annulus fibrosus fibers and vertebra at the adjacent motion segment, and the magnitude of axial forces on the pedicle screw at the uppermost instrumented vertebra. INTERPRETATIONS The results of this study demonstrate that more distal fusion levels, particularly in spinal fusion including the L5-S1 level, lead to greater increases in the risk of proximal junctional kyphosis and failure, as evidenced by larger ranges of motion, higher stresses on fibers of the annulus fibrosus and vertebra at the adjacent segment, and higher axial forces on the screw at the uppermost instrumented vertebra in flexion-extension. Therefore, fusion levels should be carefully selected to avoid proximal junctional kyphosis and failure.
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26
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Park WM, Kim K, Kim YH. Biomechanical analysis of two-step traction therapy in the lumbar spine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 19:527-33. [PMID: 24913413 DOI: 10.1016/j.math.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Traction therapy is one of the most common conservative treatments for low back pain. However, the effects of traction therapy on lumbar spine biomechanics are not well known. We investigated biomechanical effects of two-step traction therapy, which consists of global axial traction and local decompression, on the lumbar spine using a validated three-dimensional finite element model of the lumbar spine. One-third of body weight was applied on the center of the L1 vertebra toward the superior direction for the first axial traction. Anterior translation of the L4 vertebra was considered as the second local decompression. The lordosis angle between the superior planes of the L1 vertebra and sacrum was 44.6° at baseline, 35.2° with global axial traction, and 46.4° with local decompression. The fibers of annulus fibrosus in the posterior region, and intertransverse and posterior longitudinal ligaments experienced stress primarily during global axial traction, these stresses decreased during local decompression. A combination of global axial traction and local decompression would be helpful for reducing tensile stress on the fibers of the annulus fibrosus and ligaments, and intradiscal pressure in traction therapy. This study could be used to develop a safer and more effective type of traction therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Man Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungsoo Kim
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Hyuk Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-701, Republic of Korea.
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Simons CJ, Cobb L, Davidson BS. A fast, accurate, and reliable reconstruction method of the lumbar spine vertebrae using positional MRI. Ann Biomed Eng 2013; 42:833-42. [PMID: 24370942 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-013-0947-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In vivo measurement of lumbar spine configuration is useful for constructing quantitative biomechanical models. Positional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) accommodates a larger range of movement in most joints than conventional MRI and does not require a supine position. However, this is achieved at the expense of image resolution and contrast. As a result, quantitative research using positional MRI has required long reconstruction times and is sensitive to incorrectly identifying the vertebral boundary due to low contrast between bone and surrounding tissue in the images. We present a semi-automated method used to obtain digitized reconstructions of lumbar vertebrae in any posture of interest. This method combines a high-resolution reference scan with a low-resolution postural scan to provide a detailed and accurate representation of the vertebrae in the posture of interest. Compared to a criterion standard, translational reconstruction error ranged from 0.7 to 1.6 mm and rotational reconstruction error ranged from 0.3 to 2.6°. Intraclass correlation coefficients indicated high interrater reliability for measurements within the imaging plane (ICC 0.97-0.99). Computational efficiency indicates that this method may be used to compile data sets large enough to account for population variance, and potentially expand the use of positional MRI as a quantitative biomechanics research tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig J Simons
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Denver, 2390 S. York Street, Clarence M. Knudson Hall, Room 200, Denver, CO, 80208, USA
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Park WM, Kim K, Kim YH. Effects of degenerated intervertebral discs on intersegmental rotations, intradiscal pressures, and facet joint forces of the whole lumbar spine. Comput Biol Med 2013; 43:1234-40. [PMID: 23930818 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2013.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Revised: 06/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The effects of intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration on biomechanics of the lumbar spine were analyzed. Finite element models of the lumbar spine with various degrees of IVD degeneration at the L4-L5 functional spinal unit (FSU) were developed and validated. With progression of degeneration, intersegmental rotation at the degenerated FSU decreased in flexion-extension and left-right lateral bending, intradiscal pressure at the adjacent FSUs increased in flexion and lateral bending, and facet joint forces at the degenerated FSU increased in lateral bending and axial rotation. These results could provide fundamental information for understanding the mechanism of injuries caused by IVD degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Man Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Von Forell GA, Bowden AE. Biomechanical implications of lumbar spinal ligament transection. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2013; 17:1685-95. [DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2013.763936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Effect of posterolateral disc replacement on kinematics and stress distribution in the lumbar spine: A finite element study. Med Eng Phys 2013; 35:357-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2012.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Revised: 05/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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The biomechanical effect of pedicle screws' insertion angle and position on the superior adjacent segment in 1 segment lumbar fusion. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2012; 37:1637-44. [PMID: 22089393 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0b013e31823f2115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN A finite element analysis. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between the position of an inserted pedicle screw and the corresponding facet contact force or intradiscal pressure. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Although superior facet joint violation by pedicle screws is not an uncommon occurrence in instrumented lumbar fusion surgery, its actual biomechanical significance is not well understood. Furthermore, the association between the position of the pedicle screw and the stress on the corresponding disc/facet joint has yet to be investigated. METHODS According to the positions of pedicle screws in L4 of the L4-L5 lumbar fusion, 4 L4-L5 fusion models were simulated. These models included the violation of both L3-L4 superior facet joints by pedicle screws (facet joint violation [FV] model), the nonencroachment of both L3-L4 superior facet joints by pedicle screws (facet joint preservation [FP] model), and the removal state of pedicle screws in the FV model (removal of violated pedicle screws [rFV] model). The facet joint contact [FC] model represented the scenario in which the pedicle screws did not encroach upon either facet joint but were inserted close to the L3-L4 facet joint surface. Moreover, the uninstrumented fusion [UF] model represented the uninstrumented L4-L5 fusion. In each scenario, the intradiscal pressures and facet contact forces at the L2-L3 and L3-L4 segments were analyzed under extension and torsion moments. RESULTS The FV model yielded the greatest increases in facet contact force and intradiscal pressure at the L3-L4 segment under extension and torsion moments. Following the FV model, the increases in intradiscal pressure and facet contact force were the second highest in the FC model followed by the FP model. Furthermore, the rFV model represented prominent reductions of previously increased facet contact force and intradiscal pressure at the L3-L4 segment. CONCLUSION In models of 1-segment lumbar fusion surgery, the positions of pedicle screws were closely linked with corresponding disc stresses and facet contact forces. However, even in cases of facet violation by pedicle screws, removal of the pedicle screw after fusion completion can reduce facet contract forces and disc stresses under both extension and torsional moments.
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A Finite Element Model Technique to Determine the Mechanical Response of a Lumbar Spine Segment Under Complex Loads. J Appl Biomech 2012; 28:448-56. [DOI: 10.1123/jab.28.4.448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study presents a CT-based finite element model of the lumbar spine taking into account all function-related boundary conditions, such as anisotropy of mechanical properties, ligaments, contact elements, mesh size, etc. Through advanced mesh generation and employment of compound elements, the developed model is capable of assessing the mechanical response of the examined spine segment for complex loading conditions, thus providing valuable insight on stress development within the model and allowing the prediction of critical loading scenarios. The model was validated through a comparison of the calculated force-induced inclination/deformation and a correlation of these data to experimental values. The mechanical response of the examined functional spine segment was evaluated, and the effect of the loading scenario determined for both vertebral bodies as well as the connecting intervertebral disc.
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The use of a transition rod may prevent proximal junctional kyphosis in the thoracic spine after scoliosis surgery: a finite element analysis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2012; 37:E687-95. [PMID: 22210013 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0b013e318246d4f2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Finite element analysis. OBJECTIVE Via finite element analysis: (1) to demonstrate the abnormal forces present at the top of a scoliosis construct, (2) to demonstrate the importance of an intact interspinous and supraspinous ligament (ISL/SSL) complex, and (3) to evaluate a transition rod (a rod that has a short taper to a smaller diameter at one end) as an implant solution to diminish these pathomechanics, regardless of the integrity of the ISL/SSL complex. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA The pathophysiology of increased nucleus pressure and increased angular displacement may contribute to proximal junctional kyphosis. Furthermore, high implant stress can be demonstrated at the upper end of the construct, possibly leading to the risk of implant failure. METHODS A finite element model was constructed to simulate a thoracic spinal fusion. The model was altered to remove the ISL/SSL complex at the level above the construct. Then, the model was altered again by extending the construct one level superior with a transition rod. The angular displacement, the maximum pressure in the nucleus, and stress within the implant were extracted from computational results under 2 conditions: load control and displacement control. The testing was performed with both titanium and stainless steel implants. RESULTS Pressure in the nucleus and angular displacement are all increased when the ISL/SSL complex is removed immediately above the instrumented levels, whereas the screw pullout force and maximum stress within the screw are decreased. The nucleus pressure increases by more than 50%. The angular displacement increases by 19% to 26%. This absence of the ISL/SSL complex simulates the clinical scenario that occurs when these structures are iatrogenically detached. Abnormal mechanics can be restored to normal level by extending the construct rostral one level with a transition rod. Furthermore, the elevated nucleus pressure and angular displacement noted even when the ISL/SSL complex is intact can be avoided with the use of a transition rod. Under the same bending moment (3 Nm), the nucleus pressure at the level immediately cephalad is up to 23% lower than the pressure in a standard construct. The angular displacement is 18% to 19% less than the standard construct. The maximum implant stress is also decreased by as much as 60%. CONCLUSION Finite element modeling suggests that the pathomechanics at the proximal end of a scoliosis construct may be diminished by preserving the ISL/SSL complex and possibly completely eliminated with the use of rods with a diameter transition at the most proximal level.
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Herrera A, Ibarz E, Cegoñino J, Lobo-Escolar A, Puértolas S, López E, Mateo J, Gracia L. Applications of finite element simulation in orthopedic and trauma surgery. World J Orthop 2012; 3:25-41. [PMID: 22550621 PMCID: PMC3329620 DOI: 10.5312/wjo.v3.i4.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Revised: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/03/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Research in different areas of orthopedic and trauma surgery requires a methodology that allows both a more economic approach and the ability to reproduce different situations in an easy way. Simulation models have been introduced recently in bioengineering and could become an essential tool in the study of any physiological unity, regardless of its complexity. The main problem in modeling with finite elements simulation is to achieve an accurate reproduction of the anatomy and a perfect correlation of the different structures, in any region of the human body. Authors have developed a mixed technique, joining the use of a three-dimensional laser scanner Roland Picza captured together with computed tomography (CT) and 3D CT images, to achieve a perfect reproduction of the anatomy. Finite element (FE) simulation lets us know the biomechanical changes that take place after hip prostheses or osteosynthesis implantation and biological responses of bone to biomechanical changes. The simulation models are able to predict changes in bone stress distribution around the implant, so allowing preventing future pathologies. The development of a FE model of lumbar spine is another interesting application of the simulation. The model allows research on the lumbar spine, not only in physiological conditions but also simulating different load conditions, to assess the impact on biomechanics. Different degrees of disc degeneration can also be simulated to determine the impact on adjacent anatomical elements. Finally, FE models may be useful to test different fixation systems, i.e., pedicular screws, interbody devices or rigid fixations compared with the dynamic ones. We have also developed models of lumbar spine and hip joint to predict the occurrence of osteoporotic fractures, based on densitometric determinations and specific biomechanical models, including approaches from damage and fracture mechanics. FE simulations also allow us to predict the behavior of orthopedic splints applied to the correction of deformities, providing the recovering force-displacement and angle-moment curves that characterize the mechanical behavior of the splint in the overall range of movement.
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The quantitative assessment of risk factors to overstress at adjacent segments after lumbar fusion: removal of posterior ligaments and pedicle screws. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2011; 36:1367-73. [PMID: 21587108 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0b013e318221a595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Finite element method. OBJECTIVE To investigate the changes in the disc stress and range of motion (ROM) at adjacent segments after lumbar fusion based on whether or not pedicle screws are removed and whether or not the continuity of the proximal posterior ligament complex (PLC) is preserved. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA The ablation of proximal PLC continuity and the presence of pedicle screws have been reported to affect the biomechanics at adjacent segments after lumbar fusion. However, there have been few studies regarding the quantitative assessment of their contribution to overstress at adjacent segments after lumbar fusion. METHODS In the validated intact lumbar finite element model (L2-L5), four types of L3-L4 fusion models were simulated. These models included the preservation of the PLC continuity with pedicle screws (Pp WiP), the preservation of PLC continuity without pedicle screws (Pp WoP), the sacrifice of PLC with pedicle screws (Sp WiP), and the sacrifice of PLC without pedicle screws (Sp WoP). In each scenario, the ROM, maximal von Mises stress of discs, and the facet joint contract force at adjacent segments were analyzed. RESULTS.: Among the four models, the Sp WiP yielded the greatest increase in the ROM and the maximal von Mises stress of the disc at adjacent segments under four moments. Following the SP WiP, the order of increase of the ROM and the disc stress was Pp WiP, Sp WoP, and Pp WoP. Furthermore, the increase of ROM and disc stress at the proximal adjacent segment was more than at the distal adjacent segment under all four moments in each model. The facet joint contact was also most increased in the Sp WiP under extension and torsion moment. CONCLUSION The current study suggests that the preservation of the PLC continuity or the removal of pedicle screws after complete fusion could decrease the stress at adjacent segments, and their combination could act synergistically.
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Jebaseelan DD, Jebaraj C, Yoganandan N, Rajasekaran S. Validation efforts and flexibilities of an eight-year-old human juvenile lumbar spine using a three‐dimensional finite element model. Med Biol Eng Comput 2010; 48:1223-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s11517-010-0691-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2010] [Accepted: 10/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kim HJ, Chun HJ, Moon SH, Kang KT, Kim HS, Park JO, Moon ES, Sohn JS, Lee HM. Analysis of biomechanical changes after removal of instrumentation in lumbar arthrodesis by finite element analysis. Med Biol Eng Comput 2010; 48:703-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11517-010-0621-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2009] [Accepted: 04/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Kallemeyn N, Gandhi A, Kode S, Shivanna K, Smucker J, Grosland N. Validation of a C2-C7 cervical spine finite element model using specimen-specific flexibility data. Med Eng Phys 2010; 32:482-9. [PMID: 20392660 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2010.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2009] [Revised: 02/18/2010] [Accepted: 03/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study presents a specimen-specific C2-C7 cervical spine finite element model that was developed using multiblock meshing techniques. The model was validated using in-house experimental flexibility data obtained from the cadaveric specimen used for mesh development. The C2-C7 specimen was subjected to pure continuous moments up to +/-1.0 N m in flexion, extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation, and the motions at each level were obtained. Additionally, the specimen was divided into C2-C3, C4-C5, and C6-C7 functional spinal units (FSUs) which were tested in the intact state as well as after sequential removal of the interspinous, ligamentum flavum, and capsular ligaments. The finite element model was initially assigned baseline material properties based on the literature, but was calibrated using the experimental motion data which was obtained in-house, while utlizing the ranges of material property values as reported in the literature. The calibrated model provided good agreement with the nonlinear experimental loading curves, and can be used to further study the response of the cervical spine to various biomechanical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Kallemeyn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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An accurate validation of a computational model of a human lumbosacral segment. J Biomech 2010; 43:334-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2009.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2009] [Revised: 07/23/2009] [Accepted: 07/29/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Jones AC, Wilcox RK. Finite element analysis of the spine: towards a framework of verification, validation and sensitivity analysis. Med Eng Phys 2008; 30:1287-304. [PMID: 18986824 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2008.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2008] [Revised: 09/24/2008] [Accepted: 09/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A number of papers have recently emphasised the importance of verification, validation and sensitivity testing in computational studies within the field of biomechanical engineering. This review examines the methods used in the development of spinal finite element models with a view to a standardised framework of verification, validation and sensitivity analysis. The scope of this paper is restricted to models of the vertebra, the intervertebral disc and short spinal segments. In the case of single vertebral models, specimen-specific methods have been developed, which allow direct validation against experimental tests. The focus of intervertebral disc modelling has been on representing the complex material properties and further sensitivity testing is required to fully understand the relative roles of these input parameters. In order to construct complex multi-component short segment models, many geometric and material parameters are required, some of which are yet to be fully characterised. There are also major challenges in terms of short segment model validation. Throughout the review, areas of good practise are highlighted and recommendations for future development are proposed, taking a step towards more robust spinal modelling procedures, promoting acceptance from the wider biomechanics community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison C Jones
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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Validation of a Finite Element Model of the Young Normal Lower Cervical Spine. Ann Biomed Eng 2008; 36:1458-69. [DOI: 10.1007/s10439-008-9534-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2007] [Accepted: 06/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Internal and External Responses of Anterior Lumbar/Lumbosacral Fusion: Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 21:299-304. [DOI: 10.1097/bsd.0b013e31812e6276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Bowden AE, Guerin HL, Villarraga ML, Patwardhan AG, Ochoa JA. Quality of motion considerations in numerical analysis of motion restoring implants of the spine. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2008; 23:536-44. [PMID: 18258345 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2007.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2007] [Revised: 12/10/2007] [Accepted: 12/12/2007] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Motion restoring implants function in a dynamic environment that encompasses the full range of spinal kinematics. Accurate assessment of the in situ performance of these devices using numerical techniques requires model verification and validation against the well-established nonlinear quality of motion of the spine, as opposed to the previous norm of matching kinematic endpoint metrics such as range of motion and intervertebral disc pressure measurements at a single kinematic reference point. METHODS Experimental data was obtained during cadaveric testing of nine three-functional spinal unit (L3-S1) lumbar spine segments. Each specimen was tested from 8 Nm of applied flexion moment to 6 Nm of applied extension moment with an applied 400 N compressive follower preload. A nonlinear kinematic curve representing the spinal quality of motion (applied moment versus angular rotation) for the index finite element model was constructed and compared to the kinematic responses of the experimental specimens. The effect of spinal soft tissue structure mechanical behaviors on the fidelity of the model's quality of motion to experimental data was assessed by iteratively modifying the material representations of annulus fibrosus, nucleus pulposus, and ligaments. FINDINGS The present work demonstrated that for this model, the annulus fibrosus played a small role in the nonlinear quality of motion of the model, whereas changes in ligament representations had a large effect, as validated against the full kinematic range of motion. An anisotropic continuum representation of the annulus fibrosus was used, along with nonlinear fabric representations of the ligaments and a hyperelastic representation of the nucleus pulposus. INTERPRETATION Our results suggest that improvements in current methodologies broadly used in numerical simulations of the lumbar spine are needed to fully describe the highly nonlinear motion of the spine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton E Bowden
- Exponent Inc., 3401 Market Street, Suite 300, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Normative segment-specific axial and coronal angulation corridors of subaxial cervical column in axial rotation. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2008; 33:490-6. [PMID: 18317191 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0b013e3181657f67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN In contrast to clinical studies wherein loading magnitudes are indeterminate, experiments permit controlled and quantifiable moment applications, record kinematics in multiple planes, and allow derivation of moment-angulation corridors. Axial and coronal moment-angulation corridors were determined at every level of the subaxial cervical spine, expressed as logarithmic functions, and level-specificity of range of motion and neutral zones were evaluated. HYPOTHESIS segmental primary axial and coupled coronal motions do not vary by level. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Although it is known that cervical spine responses are coupled, segment-specific corridors of axial and coronal kinematics under axial twisting moments from healthy normal spines are not reported. METHODS Ten human cadaver columns (23-44 years, mean: 34 +/- 6.8) were fixed at the ends and targets were inserted to each vertebra to obtain kinematics in axial and coronal planes. The columns were subjected to pure axial twisting moments. Range of motion and neutral zone for primary-axial and coupled-coronal rotation components were determined at each spinal level. Data were analyzed using factorial analysis of variance. Moment-rotation angulations were expressed using logarithmic functions, and mean +/-1 standard deviation corridors were derived at each level for both components. RESULTS Moment-angulations responses were nonlinear. Each segmental curve for both components was well represented by a logarithmic function (r2 > 0.95). Factorial analysis of variance indicated that the biomechanical metrics are spinal level-specific (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Axial and coronal angulations of cervical spinal columns show statistically different level-specific responses. The presentation of moment-angulation corridors for both metrics forms a dataset for the normal population. These segment-specific nonlinear corridors may help clinicians assess dysfunction or instability. These data will assist mathematical models of the spine in improved validation and lead to efficacious design of stabilizing systems.
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Little JP, Pearcy MJ, Pettet GJ. Parametric equations to represent the profile of the human intervertebral disc in the transverse plane. Med Biol Eng Comput 2007; 45:939-45. [PMID: 17710459 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-007-0242-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2006] [Accepted: 07/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Computational and finite element models of the spine are used to investigate spine and disc mechanics. Subject specific data for the transverse profile of the disc could improve the geometric accuracy of these models. The current study aimed to develop a mathematical algorithm to describe the profile of the disc components, using subject-specific data points. Using data points measured from pictures of human intervertebral discs sectioned in the transverse plane, parametric formulae were derived that mapped the outer profile of the anulus and nucleus. The computed anulus and nucleus profile were a similar shape to the discs from which they were derived. The computed total disc area was similar to the experimental data. The nucleus:disc area ratios were sensitive to the data points defined for each disc. The developed formulae can be easily implemented to provide patient specific data for the disc profile in computational models of the spine.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Paige Little
- School of Engineering Systems, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
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Yoganandan N, Pintar FA, Stemper BD, Wolfla CE, Shender BS, Paskoff G. Level-dependent coronal and axial moment-rotation corridors of degeneration-free cervical spines in lateral flexion. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2007; 89:1066-74. [PMID: 17473145 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.f.00200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging, trauma, or degeneration can affect intervertebral kinematics. While in vivo studies can determine motions, moments are not easily quantified. Previous in vitro studies on the cervical spine have largely used specimens from older individuals with varying levels of degeneration and have shown that moment-rotation responses under lateral bending do not vary significantly by spinal level. The objective of the present in vitro biomechanical study was, therefore, to determine the coronal and axial moment-rotation responses of degeneration-free, normal, intact human cadaveric cervicothoracic spinal columns under the lateral bending mode. METHODS Nine human cadaveric cervical columns from C2 to T1 were fixed at both ends. The donors had ranged from twenty-three to forty-four years old (mean, thirty-four years) at the time of death. Retroreflective targets were inserted into each vertebra to obtain rotational kinematics in the coronal and axial planes. The specimens were subjected to pure lateral bending moment with use of established techniques. The range-of-motion and neutral zone metrics for the coronal and axial rotation components were determined at each level of the spinal column and were evaluated statistically. RESULTS Statistical analysis indicated that the two metrics were level-dependent (p < 0.05). Coronal motions were significantly greater (p < 0.05) than axial motions. Moment-rotation responses were nonlinear for both coronal and axial rotation components under lateral bending moments. Each segmental curve for both rotation components was well represented by a logarithmic function (R(2) > 0.95). CONCLUSIONS Range-of-motion metrics compared favorably with those of in vivo investigations. Coronal and axial motions of degeneration-free cervical spinal columns under lateral bending showed substantially different level-dependent responses. The presentation of moment-rotation corridors for both metrics forms a normative dataset for the degeneration-free cervical spines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayan Yoganandan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, 9200 West Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
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