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Guebel DV, Torres NV, Acebes Á. Mapping the transcriptomic changes of endothelial compartment in human hippocampus across aging and mild cognitive impairment. Biol Open 2021; 10:bio057950. [PMID: 34184731 PMCID: PMC8181899 DOI: 10.1242/bio.057950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Compromise of the vascular system has important consequences on cognitive abilities and neurodegeneration. The identification of the main molecular signatures present in the blood vessels of human hippocampus could provide the basis to understand and tackle these pathologies. As direct vascular experimentation in hippocampus is problematic, we achieved this information by computationally disaggregating publicly available whole microarrays data of human hippocampal homogenates. Three conditions were analyzed: 'Young Adults', 'Aged', and 'aged with Mild Cognitive Impairment' (MCI). The genes identified were contrasted against two independent data-sets. Here we show that the endothelial cells from the Younger Group appeared in an 'activated stage'. In turn, in the Aged Group, the endothelial cells showed a significant loss of response to shear stress, changes in cell adhesion molecules, increased inflammation, brain-insulin resistance, lipidic alterations, and changes in the extracellular matrix. Some specific changes in the MCI group were also detected. Noticeably, in this study the features arisen from the Aged Group (high tortuosity, increased bifurcations, and smooth muscle proliferation), pose the need for further experimental verification to discern between the occurrence of arteriogenesis and/or vascular remodeling by capillary arterialization. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel V. Guebel
- Program Agustín de Betancourt, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife 38200, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry, Cellular Biology and Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife 38200, Spain
| | - Néstor V. Torres
- Department of Biochemistry, Cellular Biology and Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife 38200, Spain
| | - Ángel Acebes
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Technologies, University of La Laguna, Tenerife 38200, Spain
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Panigrahi S, Chen B, Fang M, Potashnikova D, Komissarov AA, Lebedeva A, Michaelson GM, Wyrick JM, Morris SR, Sieg SF, Paiardini M, Villinger FJ, Harth K, Kashyap VS, Cameron MJ, Cameron CM, Vasilieva E, Margolis L, Younes SA, Funderburg NT, Zidar DA, Lederman MM, Freeman ML. CX3CL1 and IL-15 Promote CD8 T cell chemoattraction in HIV and in atherosclerosis. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008885. [PMID: 32976527 PMCID: PMC7540902 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) remains an important cause of morbidity in the general population and risk for ASCVD is increased approximately 2-fold in persons living with HIV infection (PLWH). This risk is linked to elevated CD8 T cell counts that are abundant in atherosclerotic plaques and have been implicated in disease pathogenesis yet the mechanisms driving T cell recruitment to and activation within plaques are poorly defined. Here we investigated the role of CD8 T cells in atherosclerosis in a non-human primate model of HIV infection and in the HIV-uninfected elderly; we sought to identify factors that promote the activation, function, and recruitment to endothelium of CX3CR1+ CD8 T cells. We measured elevated expression of CX3CL1 and IL-15, and increased CD8 T cell numbers in the aortas of rhesus macaques infected with SIV or SHIV, and demonstrated similar findings in atherosclerotic vessels of HIV-uninfected humans. We found that recombinant TNF enhanced the production and release of CX3CL1 and bioactive IL-15 from aortic endothelial cells, but not from aortic smooth muscle cells. IL-15 in turn promoted CX3CR1 surface expression on and TNF synthesis by CD8 T cells, and IL-15-treated CD8 T cells exhibited enhanced CX3CL1-dependent chemoattraction toward endothelial cells in vitro. Finally, we show that CD8 T cells in human atherosclerotic plaques have an activated, resident phenotype consistent with in vivo IL-15 and CX3CL1 exposure. In this report, we define a novel model of CD8 T cell involvement in atherosclerosis whereby CX3CL1 and IL-15 operate in tandem within the vascular endothelium to promote infiltration by activated CX3CR1+ memory CD8 T cells that drive further endothelial activation via TNF. We propose that these interactions are prevalent in aging and in PLWH, populations where circulating activated CX3CR1+ CD8 T cell numbers are often expanded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Panigrahi
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine/University Hospitals, Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Bonnie Chen
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine/University Hospitals, Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Mike Fang
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Daria Potashnikova
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, School of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey A. Komissarov
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Lebedeva
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Gillian M. Michaelson
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine/University Hospitals, Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Jonathan M. Wyrick
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine/University Hospitals, Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Stephen R. Morris
- Cleveland Louis Stokes Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Scott F. Sieg
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine/University Hospitals, Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Mirko Paiardini
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Francois J. Villinger
- New Iberia Research Center, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, New Iberia, LA, United States of America
| | - Karem Harth
- Harrington Heart & Vascular Institute, University Hospitals, Cleveland Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Vikram S. Kashyap
- Harrington Heart & Vascular Institute, University Hospitals, Cleveland Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Mark J. Cameron
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Cheryl M. Cameron
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Elena Vasilieva
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Leonid Margolis
- Section on Intercellular Interactions, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Souheil-Antoine Younes
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine/University Hospitals, Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Nicholas T. Funderburg
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - David A. Zidar
- Cleveland Louis Stokes Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
- Harrington Heart & Vascular Institute, University Hospitals, Cleveland Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Michael M. Lederman
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine/University Hospitals, Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Michael L. Freeman
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine/University Hospitals, Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
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Velásquez SY, Himmelhan BS, Kassner N, Coulibaly A, Schulte J, Brohm K, Lindner HA. Innate Cytokine Induced Early Release of IFNγ and CC Chemokines from Hypoxic Human NK Cells Is Independent of Glucose. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030734. [PMID: 32192004 PMCID: PMC7140646 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are among the first innate immune cells to arrive at sites of tissue inflammation and regulate the immune response to infection and tumors by the release of cytokines including interferon (IFN)γ. In vitro exposure to the innate cytokines interleukin 15 (IL-15) and IL-12/IL-18 enhances NK cell IFNγ production which, beyond 16 h of culture, was shown to depend on metabolic switching to glycolysis. NK effector responses are, however, rapid by comparison. Therefore, we sought to evaluate the importance of glycolysis for shorter-term IFNγ production, considering glucose deprivation and hypoxia as adverse tissue inflammation associated conditions. Treatments with IL-15 for 6 and 16 h were equally effective in priming early IFNγ production in human NK cells in response to secondary IL-12/IL-18 stimulation. Short-term priming was not associated with glycolytic switching but induced the release of IFNγ and, additionally, CCL3, CCL4 and CCL5 from both normoxic and hypoxic NK cells in an equally efficient and, unexpectedly, glucose independent manner. We conclude that release of IFNγ and CC chemokines in the early innate immune response is a metabolically autonomous NK effector program.
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Sattler A, Thiel LG, Ruhm AH, Souidi N, Seifert M, Herberth G, Kotsch K. The TL1A-DR3 Axis Selectively Drives Effector Functions in Human MAIT Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:2970-2978. [PMID: 31628153 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are semi-invariant T cells specifically recognizing riboflavin derivatives that are synthesized by many bacteria and fungi presented by MHC class I-related MR1 molecules. Accumulating evidence, however, indicates that MAIT cell functions are inducible by cytokine stimuli in the absence of TCR ligation, identifying MAIT cells as innate sentinels in inflammatory environments. In this study, we demonstrate that death receptor 3 (DR3), a member of the TNFR superfamily, is ex vivo expressed and predominantly upregulated on the surface of human MAIT cells by innate cytokine stimulation. In turn, the DR3 ligand TNF-like protein 1A (TL1A) licenses innate TNF-α production in the absence of cognate triggers, being sufficient to promote activation of primary endothelial cells in vitro. TL1A further amplifies synthesis of IFN-γ and granzyme B in the presence of otherwise weak innate stimuli and strongly augments polyfunctionality. Mechanistically, TL1A potentiates T-bet expression, early NF-κB, and late p38 MAP kinase phosphorylation, with the latter being indispensable for TNF-α production by MAIT cells. Of note, endogenous TL1A is also rapidly released from PBMC cultures in response to bacterial triggering, thereby equally augmenting Ag-specific MAIT cell effector functions. In summary, to our knowledge, we identify a new inflammatory mechanism in MAIT cells linking the DR3/TL1A axis with amplification of TCR-dependent and -independent effector functions, particularly inducing excessive innate TNF-α production. Given that both TL1A and TNF-α are abundantly present at sites of chronic inflammation, the contribution of MAIT cells in such scenarios needs to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Sattler
- Department for General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Charité University Medicine Berlin, 12200 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Lion Gabriel Thiel
- Department for General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Charité University Medicine Berlin, 12200 Berlin, Germany
| | - Annkathrin Helena Ruhm
- Department for General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Charité University Medicine Berlin, 12200 Berlin, Germany
| | - Naima Souidi
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité University Medicine Berlin, Corporate Member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt University Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10178 Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Corporate Member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt University Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany; and
| | - Martina Seifert
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité University Medicine Berlin, Corporate Member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt University Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10178 Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Corporate Member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt University Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany; and
| | - Gunda Herberth
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Katja Kotsch
- Department for General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Charité University Medicine Berlin, 12200 Berlin, Germany
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Wu X, Pan W, Stone KP, Zhang Y, Hsuchou H, Kastin AJ. Expression and signaling of novel IL15Ralpha splicing variants in cerebral endothelial cells of the blood-brain barrier. J Neurochem 2010; 114:122-9. [PMID: 20374432 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.06729.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-15 and its receptors in cerebral microvascular endothelial cells play an important role in mediating neuroinflammatory signaling across the blood-brain barrier. Although alternative splice variants of IL15Ralpha (the specific receptor) are seen in immune cells, the presence and functions of splice variants have not been studied in the cerebral endothelia that compose the blood-brain barrier. In this study, we identified five splice variants from mouse cerebral capillaries by RT-PCR, cloning, and DNA sequencing, and performed domain analysis. Four of these isoforms have never been described in any tissue. All isoforms were detected by qPCR in enriched mouse cerebral microvessels and their expression was increased by tumor necrosis factor treatment in vivo. To determine their functions, plasmids encoding individual isoforms were transfected into RBE4 cerebral endothelial cells. All of these predicted alkalinic proteins were expressed and most showed post-translational modifications. There were variations in their subcellular distribution. Only the full length IL15Ralpha and to a lesser degree isoform alpha1 were trafficked to the cell surface 24 h after over-expression. As shown by a luciferase reporter for signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-3, over-expression of isoforms alpha2 and alpha4 reduced basal STAT3 activation. In comparison with the control, over-expression of the full length IL15Ralpha had a greater effect in increasing IL15-induced STAT3 transactivation than other isoforms. The results show that IL15 signaling in cerebral endothelia is probably an orchestrated effect of all IL15Ralpha splice variants that determine the eventual outcome by differential regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Wu
- Blood-Brain Barrier Group, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808, USA
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