"Venous cut-off sign" as an adjunct to the "whirl sign" in recognizing acute small bowel volvulus via CT scan

A prediction model to differentiate transient ischemia from irreversible transmural necrosis in closed-loop small bowel obstruction

Introduction

The study aims to develop a prediction model to differentiate transient ischemia from irreversible transmural necrosis in closed-loop small bowel obstruction (CL-SBO).

Methods

A total of 180 participants with CL-SBO between January 2010 and December 2019, of which 122 had complete radiologic data, were included to investigate the significant clinical and imaging characteristics for differentiating patients with necrosis from transient ischemia. A logistic regression model was developed and validated.

Results

In a multivariate analysis, the American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification system >2 is the independent predictor for transmural necrosis. Another multivariate analysis, including clinical and imaging factors, revealed that the imaging sign of mesenteric vessel interruption was an independent risk factor for necrosis. The diagnostic model developed using these two factors has excellent performance among the validation sets, with an area under the curve of 0.89.

Conclusion

The diagnostic model and innovative imaging signs have substantial potential in solving this complex clinical problem.

[Intestinal volvulus. Case report and a literature review]

BACKGROUND

Small bowel volvulus is a rare cause of intestinal obstruction in adult patients. This disease is more common in children and its aetiology and management is different to that in adults.

CLINICAL CASE

A 30 year-old male with sarcoidosis presents with acute abdomen and clinical data of intestinal obstruction. Small bowel volvulus is diagnosed by a contrast abdominal tomography and an exploratory laparotomy is performed with devolvulation and no intestinal resection. In the days following surgery, he developed a recurrent small bowel volvulus, which was again managed with surgery, but without intestinal resection. Medical treatment for sarcoidosis was started, and with his clinical progress being satisfactory,he was discharged to home.

CONCLUSIONS

Making an early and correct diagnosis of small bowel volvulus prevents large intestinal resections. Many surgical procedures have been described with a high rate of complications. Therefore, conservative surgical management (no intestinal resection) is recommended as the best treatment with the lowest morbidity and mortality rate.

A fatal case of adult small bowel volvulus

A 56-year-old man was hit by a car while riding a bicycle, immediately brought to the hospital, and treated. Four days after the accident, he reported abdominal pain and vomiting in the night, and he died the next day. A forensic autopsy was performed, and almost of the entire small bowel had gangrenous swelling. The mesentery was twisted 180° with clockwise rotation along the vascular axis, and pre-autopsy computed tomography scan showed a whirl sign.