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Iseli GC, Ulrich S, Schmidt A. Elucidating gut microbiota-hippocampus interactions in emerging psychosis: A new perspective for the development of early interventions for memory impairments. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1098019. [PMID: 37032923 PMCID: PMC10076719 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1098019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal dysregulation might be a key pathophysiological factor for memory impairments in psychosis. Contemporary models particularly postulate that an imbalance of hippocampal glutamate and GABA leads to impaired memory and may thus serve as a therapeutic target to improve memory deficits. However, currently available interventions in early stages of psychosis do not explicitly target hippocampal pathology. A novel approach for manipulating hippocampus-dependent memory processes is provided via the gut microbiota. In this perspective article, we first recapitulate compelling evidence for emerging hippocampus pathology during the development of psychosis. The following sections emphasize the critical role of the gut microbiota in hippocampus plasticity and memory, and summarize existing evidence of gut microbiota alterations in different stages of psychosis. Finally, we propose a novel conceptual roadmap for future studies deciphering gut microbiota-hippocampus synergisms in emerging psychosis and argue that specific microbial supplementation might be promising for improving hippocampus-dependent memory deficits in early stages of psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - André Schmidt
- Department of Clinical Research (DKF), University Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), Translational Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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2
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McHugo M, Avery S, Armstrong K, Rogers BP, Vandekar SN, Woodward ND, Blackford JU, Heckers S. Anterior hippocampal dysfunction in early psychosis: a 2-year follow-up study. Psychol Med 2023; 53:160-169. [PMID: 33875028 PMCID: PMC8919704 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721001318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cross-sectional studies indicate that hippocampal function is abnormal across stages of psychosis. Neural theories of psychosis pathophysiology suggest that dysfunction worsens with illness stage. Here, we test the hypothesis that hippocampal function is impaired in the early stage of psychosis and declines further over the next 2 years. METHODS We measured hippocampal function over 2 years using a scene processing task in 147 participants (76 individuals in the early stage of a non-affective psychotic disorder and 71 demographically similar healthy control individuals). Two-year follow-up was completed in 97 individuals (50 early psychosis, 47 healthy control). Voxelwise longitudinal analysis of activation in response to scenes was carried out within a hippocampal region of interest to test for group differences at baseline and a group by time interaction. RESULTS At baseline, we observed lower anterior hippocampal activation in the early psychosis group relative to the healthy control group. Contrary to our hypothesis, hippocampal activation remained consistent and did not show the predicted decline over 2 years in the early psychosis group. Healthy controls showed a modest reduction in hippocampal activation after 2 years. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that hippocampal dysfunction in early psychosis does not worsen over 2 years and highlight the need for longer-term longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen McHugo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Suzanne Avery
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kristan Armstrong
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Baxter P. Rogers
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Sciences, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Simon N. Vandekar
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Neil D. Woodward
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jennifer Urbano Blackford
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Research and Development, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, United States Department of Veteran Affairs
| | - Stephan Heckers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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3
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Wang B, Pan T, Guo M, Li Z, Yu X, Li D, Niu Y, Cui X, Xiang J. Abnormal dynamic reconfiguration of the large-scale functional network in schizophrenia during the episodic memory task. Cereb Cortex 2022; 33:4135-4144. [PMID: 36030383 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Episodic memory deficits are the core feature in schizophrenia (SCZ). Numerous studies have revealed abnormal brain activity associated with this disorder during episodic memory, however previous work has only relied on static analysis methods that treat the brain as a static monolithic structure, ignoring the dynamic features at different time scales. Here, we applied dynamic functional connectivity analysis to functional magnetic resonance imaging data during episodic memory and quantify integration and recruitment metrics to reveal abnormal dynamic reconfiguration of brain networks in SCZ. In the specific frequency band of 0.06-0.125 Hz, SCZ showed significantly higher integration during encoding and retrieval, and the abnormalities were mainly in the default mode, frontoparietal, and cingulo-opercular modules. Recruitment of SCZ was significantly higher during retrieval, mainly in the visual module. Interestingly, interactions between groups and task status in recruitment were found in the dorsal attention, visual modules. Finally, we observed that integration was significantly associated with memory performance in frontoparietal regions. Our findings revealed the time-varying evolution of brain networks in SCZ, while improving our understanding of cognitive decline and other pathophysiologies in brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Tingting Pan
- College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Min Guo
- College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Zhifeng Li
- College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Xuexue Yu
- College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Dandan Li
- College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Yan Niu
- College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Xiaohong Cui
- College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Jie Xiang
- College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
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4
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Adam Yaple Z, Tolomeo S, Yu R. Spatial and chronic differences in neural activity in medicated and unmedicated schizophrenia patients. Neuroimage Clin 2022; 35:103029. [PMID: 35569228 PMCID: PMC9112098 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The medicated schizophrenia group yielded concordant activity among three right lateralized frontal clusters and a left lateralized parietal cluster. The unmedicated schizophrenia group yielded concordant activity among right lateralized frontal-parietal regions. A neural compensatory mechanism in schizophrenia.
A major caveat with investigations on schizophrenic patients is the difficulty to control for medication usage across samples as disease-related neural differences may be confounded by medication usage. Following a thorough literature search (632 records identified), we included 37 studies with a total of 740 medicated schizophrenia patients and 367 unmedicated schizophrenia patients. Here, we perform several meta-analyses to assess the neurofunctional differences between medicated and unmedicated schizophrenic patients across fMRI studies to determine systematic regions associated with medication usage. Several clusters identified by the meta-analysis on the medicated group include three right lateralized frontal clusters and a left lateralized parietal cluster, whereas the unmedicated group yielded concordant activity among right lateralized frontal-parietal regions. We further explored the prevalence of activity within these regions across illness duration and task type. These findings suggest a neural compensatory mechanism across these regions both spatially and chronically, offering new insight into the spatial and temporal dynamic neural differences among medicated and unmedicated schizophrenia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Serenella Tolomeo
- Social and Cognitive Computing Department, Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rongjun Yu
- Department of Management, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; Department of Physics, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
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5
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Wegner CD, Mount BA, Colvis CM. A public-private collaboration model for clinical innovation. Clin Transl Sci 2022; 15:1581-1591. [PMID: 35478436 PMCID: PMC9283745 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Launched in May 2012 as part of the New Therapeutic Uses program, NCATS' NIH-Industry Partnerships initiative fostered collaboration between pharmaceutical companies and the biomedical research community to advance therapeutic development. Over the 10-year life of the initiative, the industry partners included: AstraZeneca; AbbVie (formerly Abbott); Bristol-Myers Squibb; Eli Lilly and Company; GlaxoSmithKline; Janssen Pharmaceutical Research & Development, L.L.C.; Pfizer; Sanofi; and Mereo (out licensed assets). The initiative provided researchers at academic medical centers with a rare opportunity to propose clinical trials to test ideas for new therapeutic uses for a selection of clinic-ready and often previously proprietary experimental pharmaceutical assets that were provided by industry partners. Here we describe the process by which collaborations between pharmaceutical companies with viable experimental assets and academic researchers with ideas for new uses of those assets were established; and how NCATS/NIH funding supported not only phase 1 and 2 clinical trials as well as any non-clinical studies needed before testing in a new patient population, it also provided an opportunity for testing innovative outcome measures for proof of concept trials. While the program did not demonstrate improved success rates for phase 2 clinical trials, this collaboration model leverages the strengths of each party and with a focus toward evaluating innovative outcome measure, could be used to reduce patient burden and trial costs, and improve patient engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig D Wegner
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS)
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6
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No association between cortical dopamine D2 receptor availability and cognition in antipsychotic-naive first-episode psychosis. NPJ SCHIZOPHRENIA 2021; 7:46. [PMID: 34548499 PMCID: PMC8455597 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-021-00176-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is an important predictor of disability in schizophrenia. Dopamine neurotransmission in cortical brain regions has been suggested to be of importance for higher-order cognitive processes. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between extrastriatal dopamine D2-R availability and cognitive function, using positron emission tomography and the high-affinity D2-R radioligand [11C]FLB 457, in an antipsychotic-naive sample of 18 first-episode psychosis patients and 16 control subjects. We observed no significant associations between D2-R binding in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex or hippocampus (β = 0.013–0.074, partial r = −0.037–0.273, p = 0.131–0.841). Instead, using Bayesian statistics, we found moderate support for the null hypothesis of no relationship (BFH0:H1 = 3.3–8.2). Theoretically, our findings may suggest a lack of detrimental effects of D2-R antagonist drugs on cognition in schizophrenia patients, in line with clinical observations.
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Modeling intrahippocampal effects of anterior hippocampal hyperactivity relevant to schizophrenia using chemogenetic excitation of long axis-projecting mossy cells in the mouse dentate gyrus. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 1:101-111. [PMID: 34414387 PMCID: PMC8372626 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2021.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The anterior hippocampus of individuals with early psychosis or schizophrenia is hyperactive, as is the ventral hippocampus in many rodent models for schizophrenia risk. Mossy cells (MCs) of the ventral dentate gyrus (DG) densely project in the hippocampal long axis, targeting both dorsal DG granule cells and inhibitory interneurons. MCs are responsive to stimulation throughout hippocampal subfields and thus may be suited to detect hyperactivity in areas where it originates such as CA1. Here, we tested the hypothesis that hyperactivation of ventral MCs activates dorsal DG granule cells to influence dorsal hippocampal function. Methods In CD-1 mice, we targeted dorsal DG-projecting ventral MCs using an adeno-associated virus intersectional strategy. In vivo fiber photometry recording of ventral MCs was performed during exploratory behaviors. We used excitatory chemogenetic constructs to test the effects of ventral MC hyperactivation on long-term spatial memory during an object location memory task. Results Photometry revealed that ventral MCs were activated during exploratory rearing. Ventral MCs made functional monosynaptic inputs to dorsal DG granule cells, and chemogenetic activation of ventral MCs modestly increased activity of dorsal DG granule cells measured by c-Fos. Finally, chemogenetic activation of ventral MCs during the training phase of an object location memory task impaired test performance 24 hours later, without effects on locomotion or object exploration. Conclusions These data suggest that ventral MC activation can directly excite dorsal granule cells and interfere with dorsal DG function, supporting future study of their in vivo activity in animal models for schizophrenia featuring ventral hyperactivity.
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8
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Brandt SJ, Oral HY, Arellano-Bravo C, Plawecki MH, Hummer TA, Francis MM. Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation as a Therapeutic and Probe in Schizophrenia: Examining the Role of Neuroimaging and Future Directions. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:827-844. [PMID: 33844154 PMCID: PMC8423934 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-021-01046-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a complex condition associated with perceptual disturbances, decreased motivation and affect, and disrupted cognition. Individuals living with schizophrenia may experience myriad poor outcomes, including impairment in independent living and function as well as decreased life expectancy. Though existing treatments may offer benefit, many individuals still experience treatment resistant and disabling symptoms. In light of the negative outcomes associated with schizophrenia and the limitations in currently available treatments, there is a significant need for novel therapeutic interventions. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique that can modulate the activity of discrete cortical regions, allowing direct manipulation of local brain activation and indirect manipulation of the target's associated neural networks. rTMS has been studied in schizophrenia for the treatment of auditory hallucinations, negative symptoms, and cognitive deficits, with mixed results. The field's inability to arrive at a consensus on the use rTMS in schizophrenia has stemmed from a variety of issues, perhaps most notably the significant heterogeneity amongst existing trials. In addition, it is likely that factors specific to schizophrenia, rather than the rTMS itself, have presented barriers to the interpretation of existing results. However, advances in approaches to rTMS as a biologic probe and therapeutic, many of which include the integration of neuroimaging with rTMS, offer hope that this technology may still play a role in improving the understanding and treatment of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Brandt
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, 355W 16 St., Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Halimah Y Oral
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, 355W 16 St., Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Carla Arellano-Bravo
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, 355W 16 St., Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Martin H Plawecki
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, 355W 16 St., Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Tom A Hummer
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, 355W 16 St., Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Michael M Francis
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, 355W 16 St., Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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9
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Dugré JR, Dumais A, Tikasz A, Mendrek A, Potvin S. Functional connectivity abnormalities of the long-axis hippocampal subregions in schizophrenia during episodic memory. NPJ SCHIZOPHRENIA 2021; 7:19. [PMID: 33658524 PMCID: PMC7930183 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-021-00147-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Past evidence suggests that hippocampal subregions, namely the anterior and posterior parts, may be engaged in distinct networks underlying the memory functions which may be altered in patients with schizophrenia. However, of the very few studies that have investigated the hippocampal longitudinal axis subdivisions functional connectivity in patients with schizophrenia, the majority was based on resting-state data, and yet, none aimed to examine these during an episodic memory task. A total of 41 patients with schizophrenia and 45 healthy controls were recruited for a magnetic resonance imaging protocol in which they performed an explicit memory task. Seed-based functional connectivity analysis was employed to assess connectivity abnormalities between hippocampal subregions and voxel-wise connectivity targets in patients with schizophrenia. We observed a significantly reduced connectivity between the posterior hippocampus and regions from the default mode network, but increased connectivity with the primary visual cortex, in patients with schizophrenia compared to healthy subjects. Increased connectivity between the anterior hippocampus and anterior temporal regions also characterized patients with schizophrenia. In the current study, we provided evidence and support for studying hippocampal subdivisions along the longitudinal axis in schizophrenia. Our results suggest that the abnormalities in hippocampal subregions functional connectivity reflect deficits in episodic memory that may be implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jules R Dugré
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alexandre Dumais
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Institut National de Psychiatrie Légale Philippe-Pinel, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Andras Tikasz
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Adriana Mendrek
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Bishop's University, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Stéphane Potvin
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Kwok SC, Xu X, Duan W, Wang X, Tang Y, Allé MC, Berna F. Autobiographical and episodic memory deficits in schizophrenia: A narrative review and proposed agenda for research. Clin Psychol Rev 2021; 83:101956. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Gurler D, White DM, Kraguljac NV, Ver Hoef L, Martin C, Tennant B, Lahti AC. Neural Signatures of Memory Encoding in Schizophrenia Are Modulated by Antipsychotic Treatment. Neuropsychobiology 2021; 80:12-24. [PMID: 32316023 PMCID: PMC7874518 DOI: 10.1159/000506402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
There is no pharmacological treatment to remediate cognitive impairment in schizophrenia (SZ). It is imperative to characterize underlying pathologies of memory processing in order to effectively develop new treatments. In this longitudinal study, we combined functional magnetic resonance imaging during a memory encoding task with proton MR spectroscopy to measure hippocampal glutamate + glutamine (Glx). Seventeen SZ were scanned while unmedicated and after 6 weeks of treatment with risperidone and compared to a group of matched healthy controls (HC) scanned 6 weeks apart. Unmedicated patients showed reduced blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) response in several regions, including the hippocampus, and greater BOLD response in regions of the default mode network (DMN) during correct memory encoding. Post hoc contrasts from significant group by time interactions indicated reduced hippocampal BOLD response at baseline with subsequent increase following treatment. Hippocampal Glx was not different between groups at baseline, but at week 6, hippocampal Glx was significantly lower in SZ compared to HC. Finally, in unmedicated SZ, higher hippocampal Glx predicted less deactivation of the BOLD response in regions of the DMN. Using 2 brain imaging modalities allowed us to concurrently investigate different mechanisms involved in memory encoding dysfunction in SZ. Hippocampal pathology during memory encoding stems from decreased hippocampal recruitment and faulty deactivation of the DMN, and hippocampal recruitment during encoding can be modulated by antipsychotic treatment. High Glx in unmedicated patients predicted less deactivation of the DMN; these results suggest a mechanism by which faulty DMN deactivation, a hallmark of pathological findings in SZ, is achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demet Gurler
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - David Matthew White
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Nina Vanessa Kraguljac
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | | | - Clinton Martin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Blake Tennant
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Adrienne Carol Lahti
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA,
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Hummer TA, Yung MG, Goñi J, Conroy SK, Francis MM, Mehdiyoun NF, Breier A. Functional network connectivity in early-stage schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2020; 218:107-115. [PMID: 32037204 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a disorder of altered neural connections resulting in impaired information integration. Whole brain assessment of within- and between-network connections may determine how information processing is disrupted in schizophrenia. Patients with early-stage schizophrenia (n = 56) and a matched control sample (n = 32) underwent resting-state fMRI scans. Gray matter regions were organized into nine distinct functional networks. Functional connectivity was calculated between 278 gray matter regions for each subject. Network connectivity properties were defined by the mean and variance of correlations of all regions. Whole-brain network measures of global efficiency (reflecting overall interconnectedness) and locations of hubs (key regions for communication) were also determined. The control sample had greater connectivity between the following network pairs: somatomotor-limbic, somatomotor-default mode, dorsal attention-default mode, ventral attention-limbic, and ventral attention-default mode. The patient sample had greater variance in interactions between ventral attention network and other functional networks. Illness duration was associated with overall increases in the variability of network connections. The control group had higher global efficiency and more hubs in the cerebellum network, while patient group hubs were more common in visual, frontoparietal, or subcortical networks. Thus, reduced functional connectivity in patients was largely present between distinct networks, rather than within-networks. The implications of these findings for the pathophysiology of schizophrenia are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom A Hummer
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, United States of America; Indiana University Psychotic Disorders Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, United States of America.
| | - Matthew G Yung
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Joaquín Goñi
- Center for Neuroimaging, Indiana University School of Medicine, United States of America; Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, United States of America
| | - Susan K Conroy
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Michael M Francis
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Nicole F Mehdiyoun
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Alan Breier
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, United States of America
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13
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McHugo M, Talati P, Armstrong K, Vandekar SN, Blackford JU, Woodward ND, Heckers S. Hyperactivity and Reduced Activation of Anterior Hippocampus in Early Psychosis. Am J Psychiatry 2019; 176:1030-1038. [PMID: 31623459 PMCID: PMC7716419 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2019.19020151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In schizophrenia, the anterior hippocampus is hyperactive and shows reduced task-related recruitment, but the relationship between these two findings is unclear. The authors tested the hypothesis that hyperactivity impairs recruitment of the anterior hippocampus during scene processing. METHODS Functional MRI data from 45 early-psychosis patients and 35 demographically matched healthy control subjects were analyzed using a block-design 1-back scene-processing task. Hippocampal activation in response to scenes and faces compared with scrambled images was measured. In a subset of 20 early-psychosis patients and 31 healthy control subjects, baseline hippocampal activity using cerebral blood volume (CBV) mapping was measured. Correlation analyses were used to examine the association between baseline hippocampal activity and task-related hippocampal activation. RESULTS Activation of the anterior hippocampus was significantly reduced and CBV in the anterior hippocampus was significantly increased in the early stages of psychosis. Increased CBV in early-psychosis patients was inversely correlated with task-related activation during scene processing in the anterior hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS Anterior hippocampal hyperactivity in early-psychosis patients appears to limit effective recruitment of this region during task performance. These findings provide novel support for the anterior hippocampus as a therapeutic target in the treatment of cognitive deficits in psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen McHugo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA,Corresponding author: Maureen McHugo, PhD, Vanderbilt Psychiatric Hospital, Suite 3057, 1601 23rd Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37212,
| | - Pratik Talati
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kristan Armstrong
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Simon N. Vandekar
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jennifer Urbano Blackford
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Neil D. Woodward
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Stephan Heckers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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14
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Cao H, McEwen SC, Chung Y, Chén OY, Bearden CE, Addington J, Goodyear B, Cadenhead KS, Mirzakhanian H, Cornblatt BA, Carrión RE, Mathalon DH, McGlashan TH, Perkins DO, Belger A, Seidman LJ, Thermenos H, Tsuang MT, van Erp TGM, Walker EF, Hamann S, Anticevic A, Woods SW, Cannon TD. Altered Brain Activation During Memory Retrieval Precedes and Predicts Conversion to Psychosis in Individuals at Clinical High Risk. Schizophr Bull 2019; 45:924-933. [PMID: 30215784 PMCID: PMC6581134 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sby122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Memory deficits are a hallmark of psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia. However, whether the neural dysfunction underlying these deficits is present before the onset of illness and potentially predicts conversion to psychosis is unclear. In this study, we investigated brain functional alterations during memory processing in a sample of 155 individuals at clinical high risk (including 18 subjects who later converted to full psychosis) and 108 healthy controls drawn from the second phase of the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (NAPLS-2). All participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging with a paired-associate memory paradigm at the point of recruitment and were clinically followed up for approximately 2 years. We found that at baseline, subjects at high risk showed significantly higher activation during memory retrieval in the prefrontal, parietal, and bilateral temporal cortices (PFWE < .035). This effect was more pronounced in converters than nonconverters and was particularly manifested in unmedicated subjects (P < .001). The hyperactivation was significantly correlated with retrieval reaction time during scan in converters (P = .009) but not in nonconverters and controls, suggesting an exaggerated retrieval effort. These findings suggest that hyperactivation during memory retrieval may mark processes associated with conversion to psychosis, and such measures have potential as biomarkers for psychosis prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengyi Cao
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Sarah C McEwen
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Yoonho Chung
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Oliver Y Chén
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Carrie E Bearden
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jean Addington
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Bradley Goodyear
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada,Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Ricardo E Carrión
- Department of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY
| | - Daniel H Mathalon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | | | - Diana O Perkins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Aysenil Belger
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Larry J Seidman
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Heidi Thermenos
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ming T Tsuang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Theo G M van Erp
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | | | | | - Alan Anticevic
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Scott W Woods
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Tyrone D Cannon
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT,To whom correspondence should be addressed; Department of Psychology, Yale University, 2 Hillhouse Avenue, New Haven, CT 06511, US; tel: +1-2034361545, e-mail:
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15
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An S, Han X, Wu B, Shi Z, Marks M, Wang S, Wu X, Han S. Neural activation in response to the two sides of emotion. Neurosci Lett 2018; 684:140-144. [PMID: 29990560 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Emotions are at the core of human cognition and behavior. Traditionally, emotions have been classified dichotomously as being either positive or negative. However, recent behavioral research (An et al., 2017) suggests that emotions contain both positivity and negativity. The current work investigated neural correlates of experiencing positive and negative emotions in response to happy and sad photos. Functional MRI revealed the precuneus and posterior cingulate cortex showed stronger activation when experiencing positivity compared to negativity of sadness, but not happiness, whereas the bilateral cerebellum showed greater response to positivity than negativity regardless of emotion. Results suggest that there are similarities and differences in the neural activation of positivity and negativity of happiness and sadness, consistent with previous findings (An et al., 2017). Emotion from both the neural and psychological perspectives were investigated. Further implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sieun An
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, China; Ashoka University, India.
| | - Xiaochun Han
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, China
| | - Bing Wu
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Military General Hospital, China
| | - Zhenhao Shi
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Michael Marks
- Department of Psychology, New Mexico State University, United States
| | - Shiyu Wang
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, China
| | - Xinhuai Wu
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Military General Hospital, China.
| | - Shihui Han
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, China.
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16
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Bi XA, Wang Y, Shu Q, Sun Q, Xu Q. Classification of Autism Spectrum Disorder Using Random Support Vector Machine Cluster. Front Genet 2018; 9:18. [PMID: 29467790 PMCID: PMC5808191 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is mainly reflected in the communication and language barriers, difficulties in social communication, and it is a kind of neurological developmental disorder. Most researches have used the machine learning method to classify patients and normal controls, among which support vector machines (SVM) are widely employed. But the classification accuracy of SVM is usually low, due to the usage of a single SVM as classifier. Thus, we used multiple SVMs to classify ASD patients and typical controls (TC). Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data of 46 TC and 61 ASD patients were obtained from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE) database. Only 84 of 107 subjects are utilized in experiments because the translation or rotation of 7 TC and 16 ASD patients has surpassed ±2 mm or ±2°. Then the random SVM cluster was proposed to distinguish TC and ASD. The results show that this method has an excellent classification performance based on all the features. Furthermore, the accuracy based on the optimal feature set could reach to 96.15%. Abnormal brain regions could also be found, such as inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) (orbital and opercula part), hippocampus, and precuneus. It is indicated that the method of random SVM cluster may apply to the auxiliary diagnosis of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia-An Bi
- College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Wang
- College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Qing Shu
- College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Qi Sun
- College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Qian Xu
- College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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17
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Greenland-White SE, Ragland JD, Niendam TA, Ferrer E, Carter CS. Episodic memory functions in first episode psychosis and clinical high risk individuals. Schizophr Res 2017; 188:151-157. [PMID: 28143678 PMCID: PMC5533652 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Individuals with schizophrenia have disproportionate memory impairments when encoding relational versus item-specific information, and when using recollection versus familiarity during retrieval. It is unclear whether this pattern is unique to people with chronic schizophrenia, or if it occurs in individuals after a first episode of psychosis (FE), or when at clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR). METHODS We administered the Relational and Item-Specific Memory task (RiSE) to 22 CHR, 101 FE, and 58 typically developing (TD) participants. We examined group differences in item and relational encoding, and familiarity-based and recollection-based retrieval using parametric analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM). Longitudinal data allowed us to examine relations between baseline RiSE performance and change in clinical symptoms at 1-year follow-up in the FE group. RESULTS Groups did not differ on familiarity. FE and CHR groups were equally impaired on overall recognition accuracy. Although recollection was impaired in both FE and CHR groups following relational encoding, only the FE group had impaired recollection following item encoding. SEM showed atypical relationships between familiarity and recollection, as well as familiarity and item recognition for both the FE and CHR groups. For FE individuals, better baseline recognition accuracy predicted less severe negative symptoms at 1-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Impaired relational and recollective memory may reflect neurodevelopmental abnormalities predating conversion to psychosis. These memory deficits appear related to negative symptom changes. In contrast, item specific recollection deficits appear to occur after the development of full psychosis. Familiarity appears to be a relatively preserved memory function across the psychosis spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J. Daniel Ragland
- Corresponding Author. Center for Neuroscience, UC Davis Imaging Research Center, 4701 X Street Sacramento CA, 95817. Tel +1 916 734 5802; fax +1 916 734 8750.
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18
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Abnormal brain white matter network in young smokers: a graph theory analysis study. Brain Imaging Behav 2017; 12:345-356. [DOI: 10.1007/s11682-017-9699-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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19
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Guimond S, Chakravarty MM, Bergeron-Gagnon L, Patel R, Lepage M. Verbal memory impairments in schizophrenia associated with cortical thinning. Neuroimage Clin 2015; 11:20-29. [PMID: 26909322 PMCID: PMC4732190 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Verbal memory (VM) represents one of the most affected cognitive domains in schizophrenia. Multiple studies have shown that schizophrenia is associated with cortical abnormalities, but it remains unclear whether these are related to VM impairments. Considering the vast literature demonstrating the role of the frontal cortex, the parahippocampal cortex, and the hippocampus in VM, we examined the cortical thickness/volume of these regions. We used a categorical approach whereby 27 schizophrenia patients with 'moderate to severe' VM impairments were compared to 23 patients with 'low to mild' VM impairments and 23 healthy controls. A series of between-group vertex-wise GLM on cortical thickness were performed for specific regions of interest defining the parahippocampal gyrus and the frontal cortex. When compared to healthy controls, patients with 'moderate to severe' VM impairments revealed significantly thinner cortex in the left frontal lobe, and the parahippocampal gyri. When compared to patients with 'low to mild' VM impairments, patients with 'moderate to severe' VM impairments showed a trend of thinner cortex in similar regions. Virtually no differences were observed in the frontal area of patients with 'low to mild' VM impairments relative to controls. No significant group differences were observed in the hippocampus. Our results indicate that patients with greater VM impairments demonstrate significant cortical thinning in regions known to be important in VM performance. Treating VM deficits in schizophrenia could have a positive effect on the brain; thus, subgroups of patients with more severe VM deficits should be a prioritized target in the development of new cognitive treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Guimond
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Canada
| | - M M Chakravarty
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Canada
| | - L Bergeron-Gagnon
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Canada
| | - R Patel
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Canada
| | - M Lepage
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Canada.
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