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Leinen M, Grandy EF, Gebel LMU, Santana TM, Rodriguez AL, Singh SK, Fernandez MI, Dalugdug JC, Garcia-Colon EM, Lybeshari K, Alexander DR, Maura MI, Gonzalez MDC, De Paula Cunha Almeida C, Anyaso-Samuel S, Datta S, Schiefer MA. Bilateral Subdiaphragmatic Vagal Nerve Stimulation Using a Novel Waveform Decreases Body Weight, Food Consumption, Adiposity, and Activity in Obesity-Prone Rats. Obes Surg 2024; 34:1-14. [PMID: 38040984 PMCID: PMC10781827 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-023-06957-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity affects millions of Americans. The vagal nerves convey the degree of stomach fullness to the brain via afferent visceral fibers. Studies have found that vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) promotes reduced food intake, causes weight loss, and reduces cravings and appetite. METHODS Here, we evaluate the efficacy of a novel stimulus waveform applied bilaterally to the subdiaphragmatic vagal nerve stimulation (sVNS) for almost 13 weeks. A stimulating cuff electrode was implanted in obesity-prone Sprague Dawley rats maintained on a high-fat diet. Body weight, food consumption, and daily movement were tracked over time and compared against three control groups: sham rats on a high-fat diet that were implanted with non-operational cuffs, rats on a high-fat diet that were not implanted, and rats on a standard diet that were not implanted. RESULTS Results showed that rats on a high-fat diet that received sVNS attained a similar weight to rats on a standard diet due primarily to a reduction in daily caloric intake. Rats on a high-fat diet that received sVNS had significantly less body fat than other high-fat controls. Rats receiving sVNS also began moving a similar amount to rats on the standard diet. CONCLUSION Results from this study suggest that bilateral subdiaphragmatic vagal nerve stimulation can alter the rate of growth of rats maintained on a high-fat diet through a reduction in daily caloric intake, returning their body weight to that which is similar to rats on a standard diet over approximately 13 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Leinen
- Brain Rehabilitation Research Center, Malcom Randall VA Medical Center, 1601 SW Archer Rd, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - Elise F Grandy
- Brain Rehabilitation Research Center, Malcom Randall VA Medical Center, 1601 SW Archer Rd, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - Lourdes M Ubeira Gebel
- Brain Rehabilitation Research Center, Malcom Randall VA Medical Center, 1601 SW Archer Rd, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - Tahimi Machin Santana
- Brain Rehabilitation Research Center, Malcom Randall VA Medical Center, 1601 SW Archer Rd, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - Amanda L Rodriguez
- Brain Rehabilitation Research Center, Malcom Randall VA Medical Center, 1601 SW Archer Rd, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - Sundip K Singh
- Brain Rehabilitation Research Center, Malcom Randall VA Medical Center, 1601 SW Archer Rd, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - Michael I Fernandez
- Brain Rehabilitation Research Center, Malcom Randall VA Medical Center, 1601 SW Archer Rd, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - Justin C Dalugdug
- Brain Rehabilitation Research Center, Malcom Randall VA Medical Center, 1601 SW Archer Rd, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - Elaine M Garcia-Colon
- Brain Rehabilitation Research Center, Malcom Randall VA Medical Center, 1601 SW Archer Rd, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - Kamela Lybeshari
- Brain Rehabilitation Research Center, Malcom Randall VA Medical Center, 1601 SW Archer Rd, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - Daniel R Alexander
- Brain Rehabilitation Research Center, Malcom Randall VA Medical Center, 1601 SW Archer Rd, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - Maria I Maura
- Brain Rehabilitation Research Center, Malcom Randall VA Medical Center, 1601 SW Archer Rd, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - Maria D Cabrera Gonzalez
- Brain Rehabilitation Research Center, Malcom Randall VA Medical Center, 1601 SW Archer Rd, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | | | - Samuel Anyaso-Samuel
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Rd, 5Th Fl, Gainesville, FL, 32603, USA
| | - Somnath Datta
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Rd, 5Th Fl, Gainesville, FL, 32603, USA
| | - Matthew A Schiefer
- Brain Rehabilitation Research Center, Malcom Randall VA Medical Center, 1601 SW Archer Rd, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 1275 Center Dr, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
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Loper H, Leinen M, Bassoff L, Sample J, Romero-Ortega M, Gustafson KJ, Taylor DM, Schiefer MA. Both high fat and high carbohydrate diets impair vagus nerve signaling of satiety. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10394. [PMID: 34001925 PMCID: PMC8128917 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89465-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity remains prevalent in the US. One potential treatment is vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), which activates the sensory afferents innervating the stomach that convey stomach volume and establish satiety. However, current VNS approaches and stimulus optimization could benefit from additional understanding of the underlying neural response to stomach distension. In this study, obesity-prone Sprague Dawley rats consumed a standard, high-carbohydrate, or high-fat diet for several months, leading to diet-induced obesity in the latter two groups. Under anesthesia, the neural activity in the vagus nerve was recorded with a penetrating microelectrode array while the stomach was distended with an implanted balloon. Vagal tone during distension was compared to baseline tone prior to distension. Responses were strongly correlated with stomach distension, but the sensitivity to distension was significantly lower in animals that had been fed the nonstandard diets. The results indicate that both high fat and high carbohydrate diets impair vagus activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailley Loper
- Malcom Randall VA Medical Center, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Monique Leinen
- Malcom Randall VA Medical Center, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Logan Bassoff
- Malcom Randall VA Medical Center, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jack Sample
- Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.,College of Medicine & Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Mario Romero-Ortega
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Biomedical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kenneth J Gustafson
- Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Dawn M Taylor
- Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Neurosciences, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Matthew A Schiefer
- Malcom Randall VA Medical Center, Gainesville, FL, USA. .,Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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Abstract
Nutrients entering the gut influence our brains through uncharacterized circuits. In this issue of Cell Metabolism, Goldstein et al. (2021) show hypothalamic neurons responding, via distinct neural paths, to nutrients infused in different intestinal segments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Rupprecht
- Gut-Brain Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Diego V Bohórquez
- Gut-Brain Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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Zheng J, Enright F, Keenan M, Finley J, Zhou J, Ye J, Greenway F, Senevirathne RN, Gissendanner CR, Manaois R, Prudente A, King JM, Martin R. Resistant starch, fermented resistant starch, and short-chain fatty acids reduce intestinal fat deposition in Caenorhabditis elegans. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:4744-4748. [PMID: 20353151 DOI: 10.1021/jf904583b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a growing global public health dilemma. The objective of this project is to develop and validate a screening mechanism for bioactive compounds that may reduce body fat and promote health. Resistant starch (RS) reduces body fat in rodents. Amylose starch that has a high content of RS, endogenous compounds obtained from the ceca of amylose starch fed mice (fermented RS), and individual short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) were tested. The Caenorhabditis elegans model and Nile red staining were selected to determine the intestinal fat deposition response to bioactive components. The fluorescence intensity of Nile red was reduced to 76.5% (amylose starch), 78.8% (fermented RS), 63.6% (butyrate), or 28-80% (SCFAs) of controls, respectively (P < 0.001). The reduced intestinal fat deposition suggests reduced food intake or increased energy expenditure. C. elegans is a practical animal model to screen for bioactive compounds that may prevent or treat obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolene Zheng
- Veterinary Science Department, LSU AgCenter, Louisiana StateUniversity, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA.
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