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El-Bayoumy FI, Osman AI, Rooney DW, Roushdy MH. Utilization of iron fillings solid waste for optimum biodiesel production. Front Chem 2024; 12:1404107. [PMID: 38873404 PMCID: PMC11169888 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1404107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
This study explores the innovative application of iron filings solid waste, a byproduct from mechanical workshops, as a heterogeneous catalyst in the production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil. Focusing on sustainability and waste valorization, the research presents a dual-benefit approach: addressing the environmental issue of solid waste disposal while contributing to the renewable energy sector. Particle size distribution analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Thermal analysis (TG-DTA), and FTIR analysis were used to characterize the iron filings. The response surface methodology (RSM) was used to guide a series of experiments that were conducted to identify the optimum transesterification settings. Important factors that greatly affect the production of biodiesel are identified by the study, including catalyst loading, reaction time, methanol-to-oil ratio, reaction temperature, and stirring rate. The catalyst proved to be successful as evidenced by the 96.4% biodiesel conversion efficiency attained under ideal conditions. The iron filings catalyst's reusability was evaluated, demonstrating its potential for numerous applications without noticeably decreasing activity. This work offers a road towards more environmentally friendly and sustainable chemical processes in energy production by making a strong argument for using industrial solid waste as a catalyst in the biodiesel manufacturing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fady I. El-Bayoumy
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, The British University in Egypt (BUE), El-Sherouk City, Egypt
| | - Ahmed I. Osman
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - David W. Rooney
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Mai H. Roushdy
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, The British University in Egypt (BUE), El-Sherouk City, Egypt
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Mierczynski P, Mosinska M, Szkudlarek L, Chalupka K, Tatsuzawa M, Al Maskari M, Maniukiewicz W, Wahono SK, Vasilev K, Szynkowska-Jozwik MI. Biodiesel Production on Monometallic Pt, Pd, Ru, and Ag Catalysts Supported on Natural Zeolite. MATERIALS 2020; 14:ma14010048. [PMID: 33374381 PMCID: PMC7796065 DOI: 10.3390/ma14010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Biodiesel production from rapeseed oil and methanol via transesterification reaction facilitated by various monometallic catalyst supported on natural zeolite (NZ) was investigated. The physicochemical characteristics of the synthesized catalysts were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method (BET), temperature-programmed-reduction in hydrogen (H2-TPR), temperature-programmed-desorption of ammonia (NH3-TPD), Scanning Electron Microscope equipped with EDX detector (SEM-EDS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) methods. The highest activity and methyl ester yields were obtained for the Pt/NZ catalyst. This catalyst showed the highest triglycerides conversion of 98.9% and fatty acids methyl esters yields of 94.6%. The activity results also confirmed the high activity of the carrier material (NZ) itself in the investigated reaction. Support material exhibited 90.5% of TG conversion and the Fatty Acid Methyl Esters yield (FAME) of 67.2%. Introduction of noble metals improves the TG conversion and FAME yield values. Increasing of the metal loading from 0.5 to 2 wt.% improves the reactivity properties of the investigated catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Mierczynski
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (M.M.); (L.S.); (K.C.); (W.M.); (M.I.S.-J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-42-631-3125
| | - Magdalena Mosinska
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (M.M.); (L.S.); (K.C.); (W.M.); (M.I.S.-J.)
| | - Lukasz Szkudlarek
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (M.M.); (L.S.); (K.C.); (W.M.); (M.I.S.-J.)
| | - Karolina Chalupka
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (M.M.); (L.S.); (K.C.); (W.M.); (M.I.S.-J.)
| | - Misa Tatsuzawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan;
| | - Marwa Al Maskari
- Petroleum and Chemical Engineering Department, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 33, Muscat P.C 123, Oman;
| | - Waldemar Maniukiewicz
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (M.M.); (L.S.); (K.C.); (W.M.); (M.I.S.-J.)
| | - Satriyo K. Wahono
- Research Division for Natural Product Technology, Indonesian Institutes of Sciences, Jl. Jogja–Wonosari km 32, Gading, Playen, Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta 55861, Indonesia
| | - Krasimir Vasilev
- Academic Unit of STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia;
| | - Malgorzata I. Szynkowska-Jozwik
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (M.M.); (L.S.); (K.C.); (W.M.); (M.I.S.-J.)
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Changmai B, Vanlalveni C, Ingle AP, Bhagat R, Rokhum SL. Widely used catalysts in biodiesel production: a review. RSC Adv 2020; 10:41625-41679. [PMID: 35516564 PMCID: PMC9058015 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07931f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
An ever-increasing energy demand and environmental problems associated with exhaustible fossil fuels have led to the search for an alternative renewable source of energy. In this context, biodiesel has attracted attention worldwide as an eco-friendly alternative to fossil fuel for being renewable, non-toxic, biodegradable, and carbon-neutral. Although the homogeneous catalyst has its own merits, much attention is currently paid toward the chemical synthesis of heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production as it can be tuned as per specific requirement and easily recovered, thus enhancing reusability. Recently, biomass-derived heterogeneous catalysts have risen to the forefront of biodiesel productions because of their sustainable, economical and eco-friendly nature. Furthermore, nano and bifunctional catalysts have emerged as a powerful catalyst largely due to their high surface area, and potential to convert free fatty acids and triglycerides to biodiesel, respectively. This review highlights the latest synthesis routes of various types of catalysts (including acidic, basic, bifunctional and nanocatalysts) derived from different chemicals, as well as biomass. In addition, the impacts of different methods of preparation of catalysts on the yield of biodiesel are also discussed in details.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishwajit Changmai
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Silchar Silchar 788010 India
| | - Chhangte Vanlalveni
- Department of Botany, Mizoram University Tanhril Aizawl Mizoram 796001 India
| | - Avinash Prabhakar Ingle
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of Sao Paulo Lorena SP Brazil
| | - Rahul Bhagat
- Department of Biotechnology, Government Institute of Science Aurangabad Maharashtra India
| | - Samuel Lalthazuala Rokhum
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Silchar Silchar 788010 India
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
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Peffi Ferreira LF, Mazzi de Oliveira T, Toma SH, Toyama MM, Araki K, Avanzi LH. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) conjugated with lipase Candida antarctica A for biodiesel synthesis. RSC Adv 2020; 10:38490-38496. [PMID: 35517526 PMCID: PMC9057248 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06215d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodiesel is an alternative biodegradable and non-toxic fuel, with a low emission profile and capable of reducing significantly the level of carcinogenic pollutants released into the atmosphere. A newly designed nano-biocatalyst prepared by conjugation of lipase A on superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) demonstrated high efficiency for production of biodiesel by the reaction of soybean oil with anhydrous methanol. The nanomaterial was characterized by FTIR, TGA and XRD, and its enzymatic activity compared with Lipozyme 435, a commercial gold standard from Novozyme™, which presented average enzymatic activity of 4559 ± 75 only twice as large as that of the SPION-CAL-A catalyst (2283 ± 249 PLU g-1), whereas Lipozyme TLIM showed a much lower activity of 588 ± 16 PLU g-1. These results were confirmed in the transesterification reaction for production of biodiesel where a yield of 11.4% was achieved with Lipozyme 435 and 4.6 ± 0.5% with the nano-biocatalyst. Such an improved performance associated with easy magnetic recovery and reuse make the material potentially interesting for production of biodiesel from used cooking oil, adding value to this abundant resource.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thayná Mazzi de Oliveira
- Chemical Engineering Department, FEI University Center São Bernardo do Campo SP, 09850-901 Brazil
| | | | | | - Koiti Araki
- Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo SP, 05508-000 Brazil
| | - Luis Humberto Avanzi
- Physics Department, FEI University Center São Bernardo do Campo SP, 09850-901 Brazil
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Efficient simultaneous esterification/transesterification of non-edible Jatropha oil for biodiesel fuel production by template-free synthesized nanoporous titanosilicates. Catal Today 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2019.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Chen C, Cai L, Shangguan X, Li L, Hong Y, Wu G. Heterogeneous and efficient transesterification of Jatropha curcas L. seed oil to produce biodiesel catalysed by nano-sized SO 4 2-/TiO 2. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:181331. [PMID: 30564419 PMCID: PMC6281932 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.181331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Developing high-efficiency hetero-catalysts for transesterification reaction is of great importance in the production of biodiesel from Jatropha curcas L. seed oil (JO). Here, we synthesized a series of sulfated TiO2 by treating with varying H2SO4 concentration (SO4 2-/TiO2) and TiO2 catalysts and applied to the transesterification of JO. Furthermore, these heterostructures were characterized by many characterization methods including XRD, FT-IR, N2-adsorption, SEM, TEM, TG, py-IR and NH3-TPD, and their catalytic performance was investigated under various operating conditions. The results reveal that both the Brønsted and Lewis acid sites are presented in the SO4 2-/TiO2 catalysts, while only Lewis-type sites are observed in the TiO2 catalyst. And the acid intensity, surface area and mesoporous volume of catalysts are improved obviously after treating TiO2 with sulfuric acid. Then the SO4 2-/TiO2 catalysts exhibit much higher catalytic activity than TiO2 catalyst, which is attributed to the larger surface area and mesoporous volume and stronger acidity. Furthermore, the reusability behaviour of 1.5 SO4 2-/TiO2 catalyst in the transesterification of JO was also studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Cai
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinchen Shangguan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, People's Republic of China
- Jiangxi Provincial Food and Drug Administration, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330029, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanping Hong
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqiang Wu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, People's Republic of China
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Varma RS. Nano-catalysts with magnetic core: sustainable options for greener synthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1186/2043-7129-2-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Chen SY, Lao-Ubol S, Mochizuki T, Abe Y, Toba M, Yoshimura Y. Production of Jatropha biodiesel fuel over sulfonic acid-based solid acids. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 157:346-350. [PMID: 24548779 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.01.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Sulfonic acid-functionalized platelet SBA-15 mesoporous silica with an acid capacity of 2.44mmol H(+) g-cat(-1) (shortly termed 15SA-SBA-15-p) was one-pot synthesized by co-condensation method. When applied as solid acid catalyst in synthesis of Jatropha biodiesel fuel (BDF), the 15SA-SBA-15-p catalyst showed higher activity and resistances to water and free fatty acid (FFA) than commercial sulfonic resins of Amberlyst-15 and SAC-13. For the continuous Jatropha BDF production, a steady 75-78wt% of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) content was obtained over 15SA-SBA-15-p catalyst at 150°C for 75h, whereas the Amberlyst-15 and SAC-13 catalysts were quickly deactivated due to the decomposition of thermally unstable framework and serious leaching of sulfonic acids. More importantly, the quality, stability and cold flow characteristic of Jatropha BDF synthesized by 15SA-SBA-15-p catalyst were better than those synthesized by Amberlyst-15 and SAC-13 catalysts, making the blending with petro-diesel an easy task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Yuan Chen
- Hydrotreating Catalysis Team, Research Center for New Fuels and Vehicle Technology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Supranee Lao-Ubol
- Material Innovation Department, Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (TISTR), 35 M 3, Klong 5, Klongluang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Takehisa Mochizuki
- Hydrotreating Catalysis Team, Research Center for New Fuels and Vehicle Technology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Yohko Abe
- Hydrotreating Catalysis Team, Research Center for New Fuels and Vehicle Technology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Makoto Toba
- Hydrotreating Catalysis Team, Research Center for New Fuels and Vehicle Technology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Yuji Yoshimura
- Hydrotreating Catalysis Team, Research Center for New Fuels and Vehicle Technology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
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