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Wang Q, Tao J, Shan H, Cui T, Ding J, Wang J. Effect of Heat Treatment under Different Atmospheres on the Bonding Properties and Mechanism of Ceramiziable Heat-Resistant Adhesive. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:557. [PMID: 38399936 PMCID: PMC10892300 DOI: 10.3390/polym16040557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, a heat-resistant adhesive was prepared using molybdenum-phenolic (Mo-PF) resin as the matrix and TiB2 particle as the ceramizable filler for bonding Al2O3 ceramic substrates. Firstly, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) was used to characterize the chemical structure of the Mo-PF. Subsequently, thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) and shear strength testing were employed to investigate the effects of heat treatment in different atmospheres on the thermal stability and residual bonding properties of the adhesive. To further explore the bonding mechanism of the adhesive after heat treatment in different atmospheres, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), compressive strength testing, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were utilized to analyze the microstructure, mechanical strength, and composition evolution of the adhesive at different temperatures. The bonding strength of Al2O3 joints showed a trend of initially decreasing and then increasing after different temperature heat treatment in air, with the shear strength reaching a maximum value of 25.68 MPa after treatment at 1200 °C. And the bonding strength of Al2O3 joints decreased slowly with the increase of temperature in nitrogen. In air, the ceramicization reaction at a high temperature enabled the mechanical strength of the adhesive to rise despite the continuous pyrolysis of the resin. However, the TiB2 filler in nitrogen did not react, and the properties of the adhesive showed a decreasing tendency with the pyrolysis of the resin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingke Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; (Q.W.)
| | - Jiadong Tao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; (Q.W.)
| | - Huawei Shan
- System Design Institute of Hubei Aerospace Technology Academy, Wuhan 430040, China
| | - Tangyin Cui
- Shandong Industrial Ceramics Research and Design Institute Co., Ltd., Zibo 255100, China
| | - Jie Ding
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; (Q.W.)
| | - Jianghang Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; (Q.W.)
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Zhao X, Jiao H, Du B, Zhao K. Polyurethane Acrylate Oligomer (PUA) Microspheres Prepared Using the Pickering Method for Reinforcing the Mechanical and Thermal Properties of 3D Printing Resin. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4320. [PMID: 37960000 PMCID: PMC10649341 DOI: 10.3390/polym15214320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Some photosensitive resins have poor mechanical properties after 3D printing. To overcome these limitations, a polyurethane acrylate oligomer (PUA) microsphere was prepared using the Pickering emulsion template method and ultraviolet (UV) curing technology in this paper. The prepared PUA microspheres were added to PUA-1,6-hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA) photosensitive resin system for digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing technology. The preparation process of PUA microspheres was discussed based on micromorphology, and it was found that the oil-water ratio of the Pickering emulsion and the emulsification speed had a certain effect on the microsphere size. As the oil-water ratio and the emulsification speed increased, the microsphere particle size decreased to a certain extent. Adding a suitable proportion of PUA microspheres to the photosensitive resin can improve the mechanical properties and thermal stability. When the modified photosensitive resin microsphere content was 0.5%, the tensile strength, elongation at break, bending strength, and initial thermal decomposition temperature were increased by 79.14%, 47.26%, 26.69%, and 10.65%, respectively, compared with the unmodified photosensitive resin. This study provides a new way to improve the mechanical properties of photosensitive resin 3D printing. The resin materials studied in this work have potential application value in the fields of ceramic 3D printing and dental temporary replacement materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China;
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, China;
| | - Hua Jiao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China;
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Corrosion and Protection, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China
| | - Bin Du
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, China;
| | - Kang Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China;
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Corrosion and Protection, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China
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Chen Y, Shen J, Wang W, Lin L, Lv R, Zhang S, Ma J. Demethylation of lignin with mild conditions and preparation of green adhesives to reduce formaldehyde emissions and health risks. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124462. [PMID: 37100322 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Demethylated lignin (DL) was prepared in a NaOH/urea solution at room temperature, and the DL solution was directly substituted for phenol to prepare demethylated lignin phenol formaldehyde (DLPF). The 1H NMR results showed that the benzene ring's -OCH3 content dropped from 0.32 mmol/g to 0.18 mmol/g, whereas the functional group content of the phenolic hydroxyl group increased by 176.67 %, increasing the reactivity of DL. The bonding strength of 1.24 MPa and formaldehyde emission of 0.059 mg/m3 met the Chinese national standard with a 60 % replacement of DL with phenol. The volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions of DLPF and PF were simulated, with 25 types of VOCs were found in PF plywood and 14 types found in DLPF plywood. Terpene and aldehyde emissions from DLPF plywood rose, but total VOC emissions were 28.48 % less than those from PF. For carcinogenic risks (CR), both PF and DLPF showed ethylbenzene and naphthalene as carcinogenic VOCs, whereas DLPF had a lower total CR of 6.50 × 10-5. Both plywood had a noncarcinogenic risks of <1, which was within the permissible range to harm humans. In this study, the mild modification conditions of DL benefit its large-scale production, and DLPF effectively reduces the VOCs released from plywood in indoor environments, diminishing the health risks to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Engineering Research Center of Advanced Wooden Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jun Shen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Engineering Research Center of Advanced Wooden Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Weidong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Engineering Research Center of Advanced Wooden Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Li Lin
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Engineering Research Center of Advanced Wooden Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ruixue Lv
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Engineering Research Center of Advanced Wooden Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Siqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Engineering Research Center of Advanced Wooden Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Junhong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Engineering Research Center of Advanced Wooden Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
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Zhu W, Zhao Y, Tang H, Lv F, Zhang Y, Guo S. Drug release behaviors of flexible SiO
2
‐polyvinyl pyrrolidone electrospun membranes responsive to multiple stimuli. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences Beijing China
| | - Yanping Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences Beijing China
| | - Hanxia Tang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences Beijing China
| | - Fengzhu Lv
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences Beijing China
| | - Yihe Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences Beijing China
| | - Sufang Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences Beijing China
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Song F, Jia P, Bo C, Ren X, Hu L, Zhou Y. The mechanical and flame retardant characteristics of lignin-based phenolic foams reinforced with MWCNTs by in-situ polymerization. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2020.1735410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Song
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF); National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization; Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources; Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering of Forest Products, National Forestry and Grassland Administration; Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Materials, Nanjing, China
| | - Puyou Jia
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF); National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization; Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources; Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering of Forest Products, National Forestry and Grassland Administration; Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Materials, Nanjing, China
| | - Caiying Bo
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF); National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization; Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources; Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering of Forest Products, National Forestry and Grassland Administration; Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Materials, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoli Ren
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF); National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization; Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources; Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering of Forest Products, National Forestry and Grassland Administration; Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Materials, Nanjing, China
| | - Lihong Hu
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF); National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization; Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources; Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering of Forest Products, National Forestry and Grassland Administration; Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Materials, Nanjing, China
| | - Yonghong Zhou
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF); National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization; Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources; Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering of Forest Products, National Forestry and Grassland Administration; Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Materials, Nanjing, China
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Chen Y, Gong X, Yang G, Li Q, Zhou N. Preparation and characterization of a nanolignin phenol formaldehyde resin by replacing phenol partially with lignin nanoparticles. RSC Adv 2019; 9:29255-29262. [PMID: 35528430 PMCID: PMC9071826 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra04827h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A new strategy for the preparation of a lignin phenol formaldehyde (LPF) resin has been developed. Nanolignin with high specific surface area and porous structure with an average particle size of about 300 nm was prepared, used as the raw material to substitute phenol partially, and combined with formaldehyde to produce a wood adhesive. The results show that the artificial board prepared with a nanolignin phenol formaldehyde (NLPF) resin with nanolignin substitution degree of 40% wt for phenol could give a dry bond strength of 1.30 ± 0.08 MPa, which is 1.85 times that of the Chinese national grade 1 plywood standard (0.7 MPa) and whose formaldehyde emission of 0.40 mg L-1 meets the standard of GB/T 14732-2006 (E 0, 0.5 mg L-1). TG and DSC analyses show that the replacement of phenol by nanolignin could improve the thermal stability and decrease the curing temperature of the prepared lignin-based resin, with the residual ratio of 40% NLPF being 45% wt at 800 °C and the curing exothermic peak being 145.4 °C, which are much better than that of the 40% LPF resin with the residual ratio being 40% wt and the exothermic peak being 186 °C, respectively. The present study provides a new thought for preparation of LPF resins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University Beisi Road Shihezi 800032 Xinjiang China +86-993-2057270 +86 18909931403
| | - Xiaowu Gong
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University Beisi Road Shihezi 800032 Xinjiang China +86-993-2057270 +86 18909931403
| | - Gaoshan Yang
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University Beisi Road Shihezi 800032 Xinjiang China +86-993-2057270 +86 18909931403
| | - Qin Li
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University Beisi Road Shihezi 800032 Xinjiang China +86-993-2057270 +86 18909931403
| | - Na Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University Beisi Road Shihezi 800032 Xinjiang China +86-993-2057270 +86 18909931403
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Xu P, Yu Y, Chang M, Chang J. Preparation and Characterization of Bio-oil Phenolic Foam Reinforced with Montmorillonite. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11091471. [PMID: 31505829 PMCID: PMC6780140 DOI: 10.3390/polym11091471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introducing bio-oil into phenolic foam (PF) can effectively improve the toughness of PF, but its flame retardant performance will be adversely affected and show a decrease. To offset the decrease in flame retardant performance, montmorillonite (MMT) can be added as a promising alternative to enhance the flame resistance of foams. The present work reported the effects of MMT on the chemical structure, morphological property, mechanical performance, flame resistance, and thermal stability of bio-oil phenolic foam (BPF). The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) result showed that the -OH group peaks shifted to a lower frequency after adding MMT, indicating strong hydrogen bonding between MMT and bio-oil phenolic resin (BPR) molecular chains. Additionally, when a small content of MMT (2-4 wt %) was added in the foamed composites, the microcellular structures of bio-oil phenolic foam modified by MMT (MBPFs) were more uniform and compact than that of BPF. As a result, the best performance of MBPF was obtained with the addition of 4 wt % MMT, where compressive strength and limited oxygen index (LOI) increased by 31.0% and 33.2%, respectively, and the pulverization ratio decreased by 40.6% in comparison to BPF. These tests proved that MMT can blend well with bio-oil to effectively improve the flame resistance of PF while enhancing toughness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Xu
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Yuxiang Yu
- College of Art and Design, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Miaomiao Chang
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Jianmin Chang
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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Ge T, Hu X, Tang K, Wang D. The Preparation and Properties of Terephthalyl-Alcohol-Modified Phenolic Foam with High Heat Aging Resistance. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1267. [PMID: 31370185 PMCID: PMC6723831 DOI: 10.3390/polym11081267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this experiment, terephthalyl alcohol was used as a modifier to modify phenol under both acidic and alkaline conditions to obtain modified phenols with different molecular structures. Subsequently, the modified phenols reacted with paraformaldehyde in an alkaline environment. After foaming and curing, a modified phenolic foam with high heat aging resistance was obtained. The molecular structure was characterized via Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C NMR). The results showed that two different structures of phenolic resin can be successfully prepared under different conditions of acid and alkali. The modified phenolic foam was tested by thermogravimetric analysis. In addition, the modified phenolic foam was tested for mass change rate, dimensional change rate, powdering rate, water absorption rate, and compressive strength before and after aging. The results show that the modified phenolic foam has excellent performance. After heat aging for 24 h, the mass loss rate of the modified phenolic foam obtained by acid catalysis was as low as 4.5%, the pulverization rate was only increased by 3.2%, and the water absorption of the modified phenolic foam increased by 0.77%, which is one-third that of the phenolic foam. Compared with the phenolic foam, the modified phenolic foam shows good heat aging resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiejun Ge
- Plastic Engineering Research Center of Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China.
- Liaoning Polymer Materials Engineering and Technology Research Center, Shenyang 110142, China.
- Shenyang Huada and Kangping Plastic Woven Research Institute, Shenyang 110142, China.
| | - Xiaoqi Hu
- Plastic Engineering Research Center of Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
- Liaoning Polymer Materials Engineering and Technology Research Center, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Kaihong Tang
- Plastic Engineering Research Center of Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
- Liaoning Polymer Materials Engineering and Technology Research Center, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Dongqi Wang
- Plastic Engineering Research Center of Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
- Liaoning Polymer Materials Engineering and Technology Research Center, Shenyang 110142, China
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