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Najafi M, Mozaffari H, Yahya Jalilpiran, Mokhtari P, Teymouri M, Faghih S. The associations between dietary patterns and cardiovascular risk factors among adults: A cross-sectional study. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2020; 40:300-308. [PMID: 33183554 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the major causes of death, worldwide. Although for decades the associations between individual foods and nutrients and CVDs have been investigated, little attention has been paid to dietary patterns. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the association between dietary patterns and CVD risk factors among Iranian adults. METHODS This cross-sectional study was performed on 236 adults who attended public health centers. Dietary intakes were collected using a valid food frequency questionnaire. Sociodemographic characteristics, anthropometric measures, and biochemical biomarkers were measured using standardized methods. Dietary patterns derived using the factor analysis. Logistic regression assessed the odds of CVD risk factors across tertiles of data-driven dietary patterns. RESULTS We identified three dietary patterns. After adjusting for possible confounders, we observed that participants in the third category of the healthy dietary pattern (HDP) had lower odds of low HDL-C (OR = 0.26; 95% CI: 0.10-0.64) compared to those in the first category. Adherence to the mixed pattern was associated with increased odds of high serum TC in men only (OR = 3.69; 95% CI: 1.06-12.81). However, women with higher adherence to the Western dietary pattern (WDP) had higher odds of high serum TG (OR = 5.61; 95% CI: 1.69-18.59), and those with a greater adherence to HDP had lower odds of low HDL-C (OR = 0.25; 95% CI: 0.07-0.98). CONCLUSION This study showed that adherence to HDP may protect against a low level of HDL-C, whereas mixed and Western-type diets may contribute to high serum TG levels. Future longitudinal studies are needed to assess the potential causality of the observed associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Najafi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hadis Mozaffari
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yahya Jalilpiran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Pari Mokhtari
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Maryam Teymouri
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shiva Faghih
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Rolnik A, Olas B. Vegetables from the Cucurbitaceae family and their products: Positive effect on human health. Nutrition 2020; 78:110788. [PMID: 32540673 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.110788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The Cucurbitaceae family is a large group of crops with more than 800 species known worldwide. Vegetables from this family have been used for centuries, not only for consumption, but also for their medicinal value. The most characteristic cucurbits are pumpkin and cucumber, which are cultivated and consumed in many parts of the world. Seeds from cucurbits have many health benefits and are a popular snack. Cucurbit plants are rich in carotenoids, terpenoids, saponins, and phytochemicals. Vegetables from the Cucurbitaceae family have a positive influence on human health, and various studies have clearly indicated that cucurbit vegetables have antioxidant, antidiabetic, antiinflammatory, and purgative properties. This mini review evaluates the current literature about vegetables from the Cucurbitaceae family and their products, in addition to their positive effect on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Rolnik
- University of Lodz, Department of General Biochemistry, Biology and Environmental Protection, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Beata Olas
- University of Lodz, Department of General Biochemistry, Biology and Environmental Protection, Lodz, Poland
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3
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Mozaffari H, Namazi N, Larijani B, Bellissimo N, Azadbakht L. Association of dietary acid load with cardiovascular risk factors and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Iranian women: A cross-sectional study. Nutrition 2019; 67-68:110570. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2019.110570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Kwok CS, Gulati M, Michos ED, Potts J, Wu P, Watson L, Loke YK, Mallen C, Mamas MA. Dietary components and risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality: a review of evidence from meta-analyses. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2019; 26:1415-1429. [PMID: 30971126 DOI: 10.1177/2047487319843667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The optimal diet for cardiovascular health is controversial. The aim of this review is to summarize the highest level of evidence and rank the risk associated with each individual component of diet within its food group. METHODS AND RESULTS A systematic search of PudMed was performed to identify the highest level of evidence available from systematic reviews or meta-analyses that evaluated different dietary components and their associated risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease. A total of 16 reviews were included for dietary food item and all-cause mortality and 17 reviews for cardiovascular disease. Carbohydrates were associated with a reduced risk of all-cause mortality (whole grain bread: relative risk (RR) 0.85, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.82-0.89; breakfast cereal: RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.83-0.92; oats/oatmeal: RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.83-0.92). Fish consumption was associated with a small benefit (RR 0.98, 95% CI 0.97-1.00) and processed meat appeared to be harmful (RR 1.25, 95% CI 1.07-1.45). Root vegetables (RR 0.76, 95% CI 0.66-0.88), green leafy vegetables/salad (RR 0.78, 95% CI 0.71-0.86), cooked vegetables (RR 0.89, 95% CI 0.80-0.99) and cruciferous vegetables (RR 0.90, 95% CI 0.85-0.95) were associated with reductions in all-cause mortality. Increased mortality was associated with the consumption of tinned fruit (RR 1.14, 95% CI 1.07-1.21). Nuts were associated with a reduced risk of mortality in a dose-response relationship (all nuts: RR 0.78, 95% CI 0.72-0.84; tree nuts: RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.75-0.90; and peanuts: RR 0.77, 95% CI 0.69-0.86). For cardiovascular disease, similar associations for benefit were observed for carbohydrates, nuts and fish, but red meat and processed meat were associated with harm. CONCLUSIONS Many dietary components appear to be beneficial for cardiovascular disease and mortality, including grains, fish, nuts and vegetables, but processed meat and tinned fruit appear to be harmful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Shing Kwok
- 1 Keele Cardiovascular Research Group, Keele University, UK.,2 Department of Cardiology, Royal Stoke University Hospital, UK
| | - Martha Gulati
- 3 College of Medicine Phoenix, University of Arizona, USA
| | - Erin D Michos
- 4 Department of Medicine/Cardiology, The Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, USA
| | - Jessica Potts
- 1 Keele Cardiovascular Research Group, Keele University, UK
| | - Pensee Wu
- 1 Keele Cardiovascular Research Group, Keele University, UK.,2 Department of Cardiology, Royal Stoke University Hospital, UK
| | - Lorraine Watson
- 5 Research Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, UK
| | - Yoon K Loke
- 6 Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, UK
| | - Christian Mallen
- 5 Research Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, UK
| | - Mamas A Mamas
- 1 Keele Cardiovascular Research Group, Keele University, UK.,2 Department of Cardiology, Royal Stoke University Hospital, UK
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5
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Jorgensen D, White GE, Sekikawa A, Gianaros P. Higher dietary inflammation is associated with increased odds of depression independent of Framingham Risk Score in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Nutr Res 2018; 54:23-32. [PMID: 29914664 PMCID: PMC6011232 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) may increase depression risk. Risk for future CVD, which can be estimated by the Framingham Risk Score (FRS), and depression risk are both linked to systemic inflammation. Dietary consumption of proinflammatory food can be measured using the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) score. We examined the potential impact of DII on depression and whether this effect is independent of FRS. We hypothesized that (1) both FRS and DII would be associated with depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 ≥ 10) and (2) associations between DII and depressive symptoms (continuous) would be mediated by FRS. Data were included from adults without CVD who were participants of the 2007-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (n = 11 624). Using logistic regression, we tested cross-sectional associations of FRS, DII (adjusting for FRS), and joint effects of FRS and DII with depression. Finally, using the Sobel method, we tested whether FRS mediates the relationship between DII and depressive symptoms. Individuals with FRS or DII scores in the top 2 quartiles had higher odds of depressive symptoms than those in the bottom quartile. The association of DII with depressive symptoms remained after FRS adjustment. The joint effects of elevated DII and FRS were additive. There was no evidence for mediation by FRS between DII and depressive symptoms. Thus, higher DII remained associated with increased odds of depressive symptoms net CVD risk. Collectively, the joint effects of CVD risk and DII indicate that a proinflammatory diet could add to risk for depressive symptoms even in those with a high FRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Jorgensen
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health.
| | - Gretchen E White
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health
| | - Akira Sekikawa
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health
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Atkins JL, Whincup PH, Morris RW, Lennon LT, Papacosta O, Wannamethee SG. Dietary patterns and the risk of CVD and all-cause mortality in older British men. Br J Nutr 2016; 116:1246-1255. [PMID: 27620002 PMCID: PMC5053073 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114516003147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dietary patterns are a major risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality; however, few studies have examined this relationship in older adults. We examined prospective associations between dietary patterns and the risk of CVD and all-cause mortality in 3226 older British men, aged 60-79 years and free from CVD at baseline, from the British Regional Heart Study. Baseline FFQ data were used to generate thirty-four food groups. Principal component analysis identified dietary patterns that were categorised into quartiles, with higher quartiles representing higher adherence to the dietary pattern. Cox proportional hazards examined associations between dietary patterns and risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular outcomes. We identified three interpretable dietary patterns: 'high fat/low fibre' (high in red meat, meat products, white bread, fried potato, eggs), 'prudent' (high in poultry, fish, fruits, vegetables, legumes, pasta, rice, wholemeal bread, eggs, olive oil) and 'high sugar' (high in biscuits, puddings, chocolates, sweets, sweet spreads, breakfast cereals). During 11 years of follow-up, 899 deaths, 316 CVD-related deaths, 569 CVD events and 301 CHD events occurred. The 'high-fat/low-fibre' dietary pattern was associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality only, after adjustment for confounders (highest v. lowest quartile; hazard ratio 1·44; 95 % CI 1·13, 1·84). Adherence to a 'high-sugar' diet was associated with a borderline significant trend for an increased risk of CVD and CHD events. The 'prudent' diet did not show a significant trend with cardiovascular outcomes or mortality. Avoiding 'high-fat/low-fibre' and 'high-sugar' dietary components may reduce the risk of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice L. Atkins
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health,
University College London, London NW3
2PF, UK
- Epidemiology and Public Health Group, Medical
School, University of Exeter, RILD
Building, Barrack Road, ExeterEX2 5DW, UK
| | - Peter H. Whincup
- Population Health Research Centre, Division of Population
Health Sciences and Education, St George’s, University of London,
London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Richard W. Morris
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of
Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK
| | - Lucy T. Lennon
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health,
University College London, London NW3
2PF, UK
| | - Olia Papacosta
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health,
University College London, London NW3
2PF, UK
| | - S. Goya Wannamethee
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health,
University College London, London NW3
2PF, UK
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Zhou T, Li X, Tang Z, Xie C, Tao L, Pan L, Huo D, Sun F, Luo Y, Wang W, Yan A, Guo X. Risk factors of CVD mortality among the elderly in Beijing, 1992 - 2009: an 18-year cohort study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2014; 11:2193-208. [PMID: 24566047 PMCID: PMC3945592 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph110202193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Few researchers have examined the effects of multiple risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality simultaneously. This study was to determine the associations of combined lifestyle and other factors with CVD mortality among the elderly (n = 3,257), in Beijing, China, through data mining of the Beijing Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA). BLSA is a representative cohort study from 1992 to 2009, hosted by Xuan Wu Hospital. Competing risk survival analysis was conducted to explore the association between risk factors and CVD mortality. The factors focused mainly on lifestyle, physical condition, and the model was adjusted for age and gender. There were 273 of the 1,068 recorded deaths caused by CVD among the 2010 participants. Living in a suburban area (HR = 0.614, 95% CI: 0.410-0.921) was associated with lower CVD mortality. Increasing age (66-75: HR = 1.511, 95% CI: 1.111-2.055; ≥ 76: HR = 1.847, 95% CI: 1.256-2.717), high blood pressure (HR = 1.407, 95% CI: 1.031-1.920), frequent consumption of meat (HR = 1.559, 95% CI: 1.079-2.254) and physical inactivity (p = 0.046) were associated with higher CVD mortality. The study provides an instructional foundation for the control and prevention of CVD in Beijing, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhou
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Xia Li
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Zhe Tang
- Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Changchun Xie
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Ohio, OH 45267, USA.
| | - Lixin Tao
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Lei Pan
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Da Huo
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, No. 16 Hepingli Middle Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100013, China.
| | - Fei Sun
- Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Yanxia Luo
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Medical Science, Edith Cowan University, 2 Bradford Street, Mount Lawley, Massachusetts, WA 6050, Australia.
| | - Aoshuang Yan
- Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission, Sijiqing Street, Beijing 100195, China.
| | - Xiuhua Guo
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen, Beijing 100069, China.
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