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Yoo J, Hwang J, Choi J, Ramalingam M, Jeong H, Jang S, Jeong HS, Kim D. The effects of resistance training on cardiovascular factors and anti-inflammation in diabetic rats. Heliyon 2024; 10:e37081. [PMID: 39295999 PMCID: PMC11407942 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2024] [Revised: 08/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes induces a range of macrovascular and microvascular changes, which lead to significant clinical complications. Although many studies have tried to solve the diabetic problem using drugs, it remains unclear. In this study, we investigated whether resistance exercise affects cardiovascular factors and inflammatory markers in diabetes. The study subjected Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats, which have genetically induced diabetes mellitus, to a resistance exercise program for 12 weeks and assessed the levels of cardiovascular factors and inflammatory markers using western blotting analysis, ELISA, and immunohistochemistry. During the training period, OLETF + exercise (EX) group exhibited lower body weight and reduced glucose levels when compared with OLETF group. Western blotting analysis, ELISA, and immunohistochemistry revealed that the levels of PAI-1, VACM-1, ICAM-1, E-selectin, TGF-β, CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α were decreased in OLETF + EX group when compared with the OLETF group. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory markers, IL-4 and IL-10, were highly expressed after exercise. Therefore, these results indicate that exercise may influence the regulation of cardiovascular factors and inflammatory markers, as well as help patients with metabolic syndromes regulate inflammation and cardiovascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yoo
- Department of Physical Education, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsu Hwang
- Department of Physiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun, Jeollanamdo, 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyun Choi
- Department of Physiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun, Jeollanamdo, 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Mahesh Ramalingam
- Department of Physiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun, Jeollanamdo, 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Haewon Jeong
- StemCell Bio Incorporated, Hwasun-gun, Jeollanamdo, 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujeong Jang
- Department of Physiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun, Jeollanamdo, 58128, Republic of Korea
- StemCell Bio Incorporated, Hwasun-gun, Jeollanamdo, 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Seong Jeong
- Department of Physiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun, Jeollanamdo, 58128, Republic of Korea
- StemCell Bio Incorporated, Hwasun-gun, Jeollanamdo, 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Daeyeol Kim
- Department of Physical Education, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
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Piotrowska K, Zgutka K, Tkacz M, Tarnowski M. Physical Activity as a Modern Intervention in the Fight against Obesity-Related Inflammation in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Gestational Diabetes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1488. [PMID: 37627482 PMCID: PMC10451679 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is one of the greatest healthcare problems; it requires an appropriate approach to the patient, especially when it concerns pregnant women. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common metabolic condition in pregnancy that shares many features with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). T2DM and GDM induce oxidative stress, which activates cellular stress signalling. In addition, the risk of diabetes during pregnancy can lead to various complications for the mother and foetus. It has been shown that physical activity is an important tool to not only treat the negative effects of diabetes but also to prevent its progression or even reverse the changes already made by limiting the inflammatory process. Physical activity has a huge impact on the immune status of an individual. Various studies have shown that regular training sessions cause changes in circulating immune cell levels, cytokine activation, production and secretion and changes in microRNA, all of which have a positive effect on the well-being of the diabetic patient, mother and foetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Piotrowska
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, al. Powstancow Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Zgutka
- Department of Physiology in Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Zolnierska 54, 70-210 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marta Tkacz
- Department of Physiology in Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Zolnierska 54, 70-210 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Maciej Tarnowski
- Department of Physiology in Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Zolnierska 54, 70-210 Szczecin, Poland
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Yang W, Jiao H, Xue Y, Wang L, Zhang Y, Wang B, Teng Z, Li J, Zhao H, Liu C. A Meta-Analysis of the Influence on Inflammatory Factors in Type 2 Diabetes among Middle-Aged and Elderly Patients by Various Exercise Modalities. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1783. [PMID: 36767149 PMCID: PMC9914443 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of various exercise modalities on inflammatory factors in middle-aged and elderly patients with type 2 diabetes (MEPT2D), as lifestyle changes, such as physical activity and dietary modifications, are considered important in the prevention of type 2 diabetes. For the study methodology, Pubmed, CNKI, EBSCO, Wanfang Data, and Web of Science were selected for the search. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed by the Cochrane Risk of Bias (ROB) tool, and statistically analyzed using the RevMan 5.4.1 analysis software, which included 18 investigations involving 853 study subjects. Meta-analysis findings indicated that aerobic training (AT), resistance training (RT), combined training (CT), and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) showed significant reductions in CRP, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 levels in MEPT2D. Among them, HIIT was superior to other training modalities in reducing TNF-α levels, while CT was superior to AT, RT, and HIIT in decreasing IL-6, IL-10, and CRP in MEPT2D. Meanwhile, RT had limited effects in reducing CRP and TNF-α levels in MEPT2D. However, HIIT had no significant effect on IL-6 and IL-10 in MEPT2D. In conclusion, long-term regular AT, RT, CT, and HIIT all contributed to the reduction of inflammatory status (CRP, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10) in MEPT2D, while CT (for CRP, IL-6, and IL-10) and HIIT (for TNF-α) represent the best approaches to counteract the inflammatory response in MEPT2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Yang
- Sports Coaching College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Haotian Jiao
- Sports Coaching College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
- School of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yizhang Xue
- Sports Coaching College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lishuo Wang
- School of Management Engineering and E-Commerce, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Sports Coaching College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Boqian Wang
- Tourism Management, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ziyi Teng
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Junyan Li
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Haotian Zhao
- Department of Physical Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
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He X, Wang C, Zhu Y, Jiang X, Qiu Y, Yin F, Xiong W, Liu B, Huang Y. Spirulina compounds show hypoglycemic activity and intestinal flora regulation in type 2 diabetes mellitus mice. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Sanborn V, Aljumaah M, Azcarate-Peril MA, Gunstad J. Examining the cognitive benefits of probiotic supplementation in physically active older adults: A randomized clinical trial. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2022; 47:871-882. [PMID: 35617704 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2021-0557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of dementia is projected to increase with the growing older adult population and prevention strategies are urgently needed. Two promising interventions include physical activity (PA) and probiotic supplementation, with initial findings suggesting their combined use may confer greater cognitive benefits than either intervention alone. However, no study has yet examined the effects of probiotic supplementation on cognitive function in healthy, physically active older adults. The present study used archival data from a randomized clinical trial including 127 physically active, middle-aged to older adults (avg age 64.3 years) with self-reported PA levels meeting or exceeding recommendations to investigate the effects of probiotic supplementation (Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG; L.GG) on cognitive outcomes. Repeated measures ANOVAs showed no significant changes in cognitive performance from baseline to follow up as an effect of L.GG consumption. These results suggest that probiotic supplementation may not improve cognitive function in persons already engaged in high levels of PA. Future research should include prospective studies to determine whether long-term use of probiotic supplementation may help prevent cognitive decline. Novelty: • Initial research shows promising cognitive benefits of combined physical activity and probiotics consumption. • L.GG did not lead to acute cognitive improvements for older adults already meeting physical activity guidelines. • Prospective studies examining prevention of cognitive decline with probiotics in healthy and clinical samples are much needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Sanborn
- Kent State University, 4229, Psychological Sciences, 600 Hilltop Drive, Kent, Ohio, United States, 44242;
| | - Mashael Aljumaah
- University of North Carolina System, 2332, Department of Medicine, and UNC Microbiome Core, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States.,North Carolina State University at Raleigh, 6798, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States;
| | - M Andrea Azcarate-Peril
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, 6797, Department of Medicine, and UNC Microbiome Core, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States;
| | - John Gunstad
- Kent State University College of Arts and Sciences, 142731, Psychological Sciences; Brain Health Research Institute, Kent, Ohio, United States;
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Myokines and Resistance Training: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073501. [PMID: 35408868 PMCID: PMC8998961 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last few years, the muscular system has gained attention due to the discovery of the muscle-secretome and its high potency for retaining or regaining health. These cytokines, described as myokines, released by the working muscle, are involved in anti-inflammatory, metabolic and immunological processes. These are able to influence human health in a positive way and are a target of research in metabolic diseases, cancer, neurological diseases, and other non-communicable diseases. Therefore, different types of exercise training were investigated in the last few years to find associations between exercise, myokines and their effects on human health. Particularly, resistance training turned out to be a powerful stimulus to enhance myokine release. As there are different types of resistance training, different myokines are stimulated, depending on the mode of training. This narrative review gives an overview about resistance training and how it can be utilized to stimulate myokine production in order to gain a certain health effect. Finally, the question of why resistance training is an important key regulator in human health will be discussed.
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Abstract
Regular physical activity has an impact on all human organ systems and mediates multiple beneficial effects on overall health. Physical activity alone is a poor strategy for weight loss; however, physical activity is of crucial importance for weight loss maintenance. The role of exercise in maintaining a stable body weight is not clear but might be related to better appetite regulation and food preference. In relation to exercise, muscle secretes myokines and other factors that can influence the metabolism in other organs, not least fat and brain tissues. Thereby, physical activity reduces the risk of obesity-associated diseases, such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, independently of weight loss and BMI. Therefore, physical activity should always be included in weight loss strategies and as a tool to maintain a healthy weight, despite its modest effect on energy expenditure and overall body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claus Brandt
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism/Centre for Physical Activity Research (CIM/CFAS), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente Klarlund Pedersen
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism/Centre for Physical Activity Research (CIM/CFAS), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Ishiuchi-Sato Y, Nedachi T. Possible involvement of CXC motif chemokine ligand 10 in exercise-induced collagen production of mouse dermal fibroblasts. Endocr J 2021; 68:1359-1365. [PMID: 34261830 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej21-0275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that exercise can regulate skin functions such as promoting wound healing and inhibiting aging. Physical exercise modulates the secretion of proteins and peptides from skeletal muscles, called myokines, which play a role in transmitting exercise signals throughout the body. Therefore, exercise-regulated myokines may play a role in controlling skin functions; however, the precise mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we focused on the recently identified CXC motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10), an exercise-reduced myokine, and attempted to elucidate its role in regulating collagen synthesis in dermal fibroblasts. Mouse C2C12 myotubes were stimulated with or without electrical pulse stimulation (EPS) to induce contraction for 24 h, and conditioned medium was collected (EPS-CM or Ctrl-CM, respectively). The reduction in CXCL10 concentration by EPS was confirmed using ELISA. Next, mouse dermal fibroblasts were isolated from the dorsal skin of C57BL6/J mice (2 weeks old) and were stimulated with Ctrl-CM or EPS-CM for 24 h. EPS-CM treatment significantly increased collagen production compared to Ctrl-CM treatment. Even in the Ctrl-CM condition, the addition of an antagonist for CXCR3 (CXCL10 receptor) increased collagen production. In contrast, recombinant CXCL10 abolished EPS-CM-dependent collagen induction. Overall, this study raises the possibility that CXCL10 secretion from skeletal muscles may control collagen production in mouse dermal fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Ishiuchi-Sato
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University, Gunma 374-0193, Japan
| | - Taku Nedachi
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University, Gunma 374-0193, Japan
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Uwagbale E, Adeniran OG, Adeniran OA, Onukogu I, Agbroko S, Sonpal N. In-Hospital Outcomes of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis. Cureus 2021; 13:e16566. [PMID: 34430168 PMCID: PMC8380051 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.16566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasingly common among patients with other comorbid chronic conditions, particularly diabetes mellitus (DM). Yet, studies that explored the impact of comorbid diabetes on the outcomes of IBD are scanty. Therefore, this study aims to examine the outcomes of inflammatory bowel disease among hospitalized patients with diabetes mellitus. Methods Using the Nationwide Inpatient Sampling (NIS) database from 2016 to 2018, we identified patients' records with a diagnosis of IBD using the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision codes (ICD-10). The overall study population was further stratified by diabetes mellitus status. We matched patients with IBD and diabetes mellitus (IBD DM) with IBD cohorts using a greedy propensity score matching (PSM) ratio of 1:1 and compared in-hospital outcomes between the two cohorts. Conditional logistic regression was performed to estimate the odds of outcomes. Results Out of the 192,456 hospitalizations for IBD, 34,073 (7.7%) had comorbid IBD DM and 158,383 (92.3%) had no diabetes mellitus (IBD only). Patients with IBD DM are likely to be older. They have higher rates of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, coronary artery disease, obesity, peripheral vascular disease, congestive heart failure, chronic kidney disease, chronic lung disease, chronic liver disease, and stroke than the IBD cohort. After propensity score matching, IBD DM was associated with a lower adverse outcome [odds ratio (OR): 0.96, confidence interval (CI): 0.93 - 0.99, p < 0.01], IBD-related complications (intestinal or rectal fistula, intra-abdominal abscess, toxic colitis, intestinal perforation, intestinal obstruction, toxic megacolon, abscess of the abdomen, and perianal abscess), (OR: 0.76, CI: 0.72 - 0.80, P <0.01), IBD-related surgery (intestinal resections, incision, and excisions of intestine and manipulations of the rectosigmoid, rectal and perianal) (OR: 0.90, CI: 0.85 - 0.95, P <0.01). Furthermore, IBD DM was associated with a higher sepsis complication than the IBD-only cohort (OR: 1.24, CI: 1.19 - 1.30, P <0.01). Conclusion Our results highlight the extent to which diabetes mellitus impacts IBD outcomes and prognosis. Additionally, they emphasize the clinical awareness needed in the management of those with comorbid diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ese Uwagbale
- Internal Medicine, Brookdale University Hospital Medical Center, Brooklyn, USA
| | - Omolara G Adeniran
- Internal Medicine, Brookdale University Hospital Medical Center, Brooklyn, USA
| | - Olayemi A Adeniran
- Epidemiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, USA.,Internal Medicine, Brookdale University Hospital Medical Center, Brooklyn, USA
| | | | - Solomon Agbroko
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, USA
| | - Niket Sonpal
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Brookdale University Hospital Medical Center, Brooklyn, USA
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10
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Chen X, Sun X, Wang C, He H. Effects of Exercise on Inflammatory Cytokines in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:6660557. [PMID: 33456672 PMCID: PMC7785348 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6660557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and the occurrence of insulin resistance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of exercise on inflammatory factors in patients with T2DM. METHODS A systematic review was conducted on five databases, Cochrane, Embase, Pubmed, Web of Science, and EBSCO. All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between establishment of the database and November 2020 without restrictions on language were included. Studies evaluated the effects of exercise intervention on inflammatory cytokines in patients with T2DM were selected. RESULTS Twenty-three randomized controlled trials (1350 patients) were included in our meta-analysis. Exercise can significantly reduce the level of C-reactive protein (CRP) (MD: -0.79, 95% CI: -1.26 to -0.33, p = 0.0008), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (MD: -2.33, 95% CI: -3.39 to -1.27, p < 0.0001), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) (MD: -0.42, 95% CI: -0.60 to -0.24, p < 0.0001) in T2DM patients. CONCLUSION The findings of this review suggest that exercise reduces inflammatory cytokines (CRP, TNF-α, and IL-6) in T2DM patients. More studies with high methodological qualities and large sample sizes need to be done to confirm which forms of exercise are most effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoke Chen
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, 100084, China
| | - Xinzheng Sun
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, 100084, China
| | - Chenghao Wang
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, 100084, China
| | - Hui He
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, 100084, China
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11
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Ghafouri A, hajiluian G, karegar SJ, Hosseini S, Shidfar S, Kamalinejad M, AghaHosseini F, Heydari I, Shidfar F. The effect of Aqueous, Ethanolic extracts of Rheum ribeson insulin sensitivity, inflammation, oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. J Herb Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2020.100389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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12
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Johansen MY, Karstoft K, MacDonald CS, Hansen KB, Ellingsgaard H, Hartmann B, Wewer Albrechtsen NJ, Vaag AA, Holst JJ, Pedersen BK, Ried-Larsen M. Effects of an intensive lifestyle intervention on the underlying mechanisms of improved glycaemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a secondary analysis of a randomised clinical trial. Diabetologia 2020; 63:2410-2422. [PMID: 32816096 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-020-05249-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The aim was to investigate whether an intensive lifestyle intervention, with high volumes of exercise, improves beta cell function and to explore the role of low-grade inflammation and body weight. METHODS This was a randomised, assessor-blinded, controlled trial. Ninety-eight individuals with type 2 diabetes (duration <10 years), BMI of 25-40 kg/m2, no use of insulin and taking fewer than three glucose-lowering medications were randomised (2:1) to either the standard care plus intensive lifestyle group or the standard care alone group. Standard care consisted of individual guidance on disease management, lifestyle advice and blinded regulation of medication following a pre-specified algorithm. The intensive lifestyle intervention consisted of aerobic exercise sessions that took place 5-6 times per week, combined with resistance exercise sessions 2-3 times per week, with a concomitant dietary intervention aiming for a BMI of 25 kg/m2. In this secondary analysis beta cell function was assessed from the 2 h OGTT-derived disposition index, which is defined as the product of the Matsuda and the insulinogenic indices. RESULTS At baseline, individuals were 54.8 years (SD 8.9), 47% women, type 2 diabetes duration 5 years (IQR 3-8) and HbA1c was 49.3 mmol/mol (SD 9.2); 6.7% (SD 0.8). The intensive lifestyle group showed 40% greater improvement in the disposition index compared with the standard care group (ratio of geometric mean change [RGM] 1.40 [95% CI 1.01, 1.94]) from baseline to 12 months' follow-up. Plasma concentration of IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) decreased 30% more in the intensive lifestyle group compared with the standard care group (RGM 0.70 [95% CI 0.58, 0.85]). Statistical single mediation analysis estimated that the intervention effect on the change in IL-1ra and the change in body weight explained to a similar extent (59%) the variance in the intervention effect on the disposition index. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our findings show that incorporating an intensive lifestyle intervention, with high volumes of exercise, in individuals with type 2 diabetes has the potential to improve beta cell function, associated with a decrease in low-grade inflammation and/or body weight. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02417012 Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Y Johansen
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Kristian Karstoft
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christopher S MacDonald
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
- CopenRehab, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katrine B Hansen
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Helga Ellingsgaard
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bolette Hartmann
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicolai J Wewer Albrechtsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- NNF Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Allan A Vaag
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Jens J Holst
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente K Pedersen
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mathias Ried-Larsen
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Petrovic SM, Nikolic N, Toljic B, Arambasic-Jovanovic J, Milicic B, Milicic T, Jotic A, Vidakovic M, Milasin J, Pucar A. The association of tumor necrosis factor alpha, lymphotoxin alpha, tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 and tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 gene polymorphisms and serum levels with periodontitis and type 2 diabetes in Serbian population. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 120:104929. [PMID: 33091664 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Aiming to show that periodontitis (PD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are bidirectionally related and potentially linked by inflammatory cytokines, we searched for association between -308 G/A Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), +252A/G Lymphotoxin-alpha (LTα), +36A/G Tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) and +676 T/G tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and: risk of PD or PD + T2D; periodontitis parameters in PD and PD + T2D; serum levels of cytokines/their receptors. Relationship between periodontal inflammation and serum cytokine/receptor levels was also assessed. DESIGN Subjects were stratified as: 57 healthy controls (HC); 58 PD; 65 PD + T2D. Sociodemographic, environmental, behavioral and periodontal clinical data were recorded. SNPs were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism, while cytokines/receptors levels were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Impact of periodontal inflammation was measured using periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA). RESULTS TNFα AA genotype showed protective effect in T2D + PD compared to PD, even adjusted for behavioral/environmental factors (OR 0.18; 95 %CI 0.037-0.886; p = 0.035). LTα AG heterozygotes had increased risk of PD (OR 3.27; 95 %CI 1.35-7.96; p = 0.016), while TNFR2 TG genotype had protective effect (OR = 0.44; 95 %CI 0.954-0.9794; p = 0.043). TNFR1 AA was predictor of periodontal pocket depth and clinical attachment loss in PD. Correlation between TNFR2 concentration and PISA was negative in PD, positive in PD + T2D. CONCLUSIONS None of the SNPs showed cross-susceptibility between PD and T2D. + 252A/G LTα and +676 T/G TNFR2 SNPs are associated with PD risk. Periodontal destruction in healthy individuals is influenced by TNFR1 genotype. Impact of periodontal on systemic inflammation is masked by T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Matic Petrovic
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 4, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Nadja Nikolic
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 1, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Bosko Toljic
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 1, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Jelena Arambasic-Jovanovic
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Biljana Milicic
- Department for Medical Statistics and Informatics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 1, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Tanja Milicic
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 13, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Aleksandra Jotic
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 13, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Melita Vidakovic
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Jelena Milasin
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 1, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Ana Pucar
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 4, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Bay ML, Pedersen BK. Muscle-Organ Crosstalk: Focus on Immunometabolism. Front Physiol 2020; 11:567881. [PMID: 33013484 PMCID: PMC7509178 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.567881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle secretes several hundred myokines that facilitate communication from muscle to other organs, such as, adipose tissue, pancreas, liver, gut, and brain. The biological roles of myokines include effects on e.g., memory and learning, as well as glucose and lipid metabolism. The present minireview focuses on recent developments showing that exercise-induced myokines are involved in immunometabolism of importance for the control of e.g., tumor growth and chronic inflammation. In this review, immunometabolism is discussed as the non-immune related pathologies leading to an immune response and some degree of inflammation, which promotes metabolic abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Lund Bay
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism/Centre for Physical Activity Research (CIM/CFAS), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente Klarlund Pedersen
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism/Centre for Physical Activity Research (CIM/CFAS), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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15
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Din H, Anderson AJ, Ramos Rivers C, Proksell S, Koutroumpakis F, Salim T, Babichenko D, Tang G, Koutroubakis IE, Schwartz M, Johnston E, Barrie A, Harrison J, Hashash J, Dunn MA, Hartman DJ, Binion DG. Disease Characteristics and Severity in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease With Coexistent Diabetes Mellitus. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2020; 26:1436-1442. [PMID: 31944255 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izz305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the rising prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and the limited data on its effect on the course of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), we characterized multiyear patterns of disease severity in a cohort of IBD patients with coexistent DM. METHODS Data of consented IBD patients followed prospectively in a natural history registry at a tertiary center between 2009 and 2017 were analyzed. Patients with ≥3 years of clinical follow-up were included. Patients identified with a diagnosis of DM were compared with 400 consecutive IBD controls without a diagnosis of DM, no laboratory evidence of hyperglycemia, and no history of antihyperglycemic treatment. RESULTS Out of 2810 IBD patients, 141 (5%) had DM (IBD DM; 44% ulcerative colitis, 56% Crohn's disease, 48.2% female). IBD DM had higher use of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5ASA) agents (P = 0.04), narcotics (P < 0.001), and antibiotics (P = 0.007) but not immunomodulators and/or biologics compared with IBD controls. When analyzing biomarkers of severity, IBD DM demonstrated higher frequencies of elevated C-reactive protein (CRP; P = 0.006), elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR; P = 0.001), eosinophilia (P = 0.004), monocytosis (P = 0.02), and hypoalbuminemia (P = 0.001). IBD DM had worse quality of life (mean Short Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire; P < 0.001). IBD DM had increased health care utilization compared with controls (emergency room usage P = 0.008, hospitalizations P < 0.001, gastroenterology clinic visits P < 0.001, and median annual charges P < 0.001). Among IBD DM patients, the use of immunomodulators and/or biologics was not associated with further complications as measured by antibiotic use or hospitalizations. CONCLUSIONS This study of a large IBD cohort suggests that DM in IBD may be associated with increased disease severity and that there may be room for increasing use of highly effective immunomodulator and/or biologic agents in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassieb Din
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alyce J Anderson
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Claudia Ramos Rivers
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Siobhan Proksell
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Filippos Koutroumpakis
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tariq Salim
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dmitriy Babichenko
- School of Information Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gong Tang
- University Hospital Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | | | - Marc Schwartz
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elyse Johnston
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Arthur Barrie
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Janet Harrison
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jana Hashash
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael A Dunn
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Douglas J Hartman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David G Binion
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Severinsen MCK, Pedersen BK. Muscle-Organ Crosstalk: The Emerging Roles of Myokines. Endocr Rev 2020; 41:5835999. [PMID: 32393961 PMCID: PMC7288608 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnaa016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 434] [Impact Index Per Article: 108.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity decreases the risk of a network of diseases, and exercise may be prescribed as medicine for lifestyle-related disorders such as type 2 diabetes, dementia, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. During the past couple of decades, it has been apparent that skeletal muscle works as an endocrine organ, which can produce and secrete hundreds of myokines that exert their effects in either autocrine, paracrine, or endocrine manners. Recent advances show that skeletal muscle produces myokines in response to exercise, which allow for crosstalk between the muscle and other organs, including brain, adipose tissue, bone, liver, gut, pancreas, vascular bed, and skin, as well as communication within the muscle itself. Although only few myokines have been allocated to a specific function in humans, it has been identified that the biological roles of myokines include effects on, for example, cognition, lipid and glucose metabolism, browning of white fat, bone formation, endothelial cell function, hypertrophy, skin structure, and tumor growth. This suggests that myokines may be useful biomarkers for monitoring exercise prescription for people with, for example, cancer, diabetes, or neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Charlotte Krogh Severinsen
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism/Centre for Physical Activity Research (CIM/CFAS), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente Klarlund Pedersen
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism/Centre for Physical Activity Research (CIM/CFAS), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Zhang X, Cui X, Jin X, Han F, Wang J, Yang X, Xu J, Shan C, Gao Z, Li X, Zuo M, Yang J, Chang B. Preventive Role of Salsalate in Diabetes Is Associated With Reducing Intestinal Inflammation Through Improvement of Gut Dysbiosis in ZDF Rats. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:300. [PMID: 32265702 PMCID: PMC7096544 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A safe and effective approach is needed to prevent and reduce the incidence of diabetes worldwide. The hypoglycemic efficacy of salicylic acid (salsalate, SAL), which has anti-inflammatory properties, has been empirically demonstrated in studies conducted at the Joslin Diabetes Center and elsewhere. Here, we investigated the potential role of SAL in preventing the onset of diabetes in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats and attempted to elucidate its underlying mechanisms. ZDF and Zucker lean (ZL) rats were administered a high-fat diet with or without SAL intervention, and their relative rates of diabetes were compared. Our results showed that all rats in the placebo group developed diabetes, whereas only 10% of the SAL-treated rats presented with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). None of the latter progressed to diabetes. Relative to the untreated rats, SAL lowered plasma glucagon and insulin while improving insulin sensitivity and β-cell function. SAL may protect against hyperglycemia by increasing the microbial diversity, ameliorating gut dysbiosis, restoring intestinal epithelial cell connections, inhibiting endotoxin influx into the blood, and attenuating inflammation. Together, these findings suggest that SAL may be a candidate prophylactic therapy against diabetes. The protective role of SAL may be attributed to its ability to reduce intestinal inflammation and improve gut dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrong Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao Cui
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaofang Jin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin, China
| | - Fei Han
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoyun Yang
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunyan Shan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhongai Gao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaochen Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin, China
| | - Minxia Zuo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin, China
| | - Juhong Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin, China
| | - Baocheng Chang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin, China
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18
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Gamede M, Mabuza L, Ngubane P, Khathi A. Plant-derived oleanolic acid ameliorates markers of subclinical inflammation and innate immunity activation in diet-induced pre-diabetic rats. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2020; 11:2042018820935771. [PMID: 32782775 PMCID: PMC7385833 DOI: 10.1177/2042018820935771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Sub-clinical inflammation during pre-diabetes is one of the predisposing factors that facilitates the progression of pre-diabetes to type 2 diabetes. The administration of oleanolic acid (OA) with or without dietary intervention ameliorates the metabolic and cardiovascular complications in diet-induced pre-diabetes animal models of pre-diabetes. This study aimed to investigate whether OA can also suppress immune activation and ameliorate pro-inflammatory markers. METHODS Pre-diabetes was induced by feeding Sprague Dawley rats a high-fat high carbohydrate diet for 20 weeks. The pre-diabetic rats were then treated with OA (80 mg/kg) or metformin (500 mg/kg) in the presence or absence of dietary interventions for a period of 12 weeks. At the end of the treatment period, the animals were euthanised and whole blood was used for platelet and immune cell count while plasma was used for fibrinogen, cluster differentiation 40 ligand and pro-inflammatory cytokine evaluation. RESULTS The results of this study revealed that OA, with or without dietary intervention, improved lipid metabolism by restoring high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) as well as reducing platelets and immune cell counts. Furthermore, OA also decreased plasma proinflammatory cytokines, including tumour necrosis factor-α and -1β. Markers of immune activation such as C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, and CD40L were also decreased upon administration of OA with or without dietary intervention. CONCLUSION The findings of this study suggest that OA may provide an alternative to prevent the progression of pre-diabetes to overt diabetes. This was evident by the reduction of differential white blood cell count and proinflammatory cytokines that exercebate insulin resistance. However, more studies are needed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms and to improve efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lindokuhle Mabuza
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Phikelelani Ngubane
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Andile Khathi
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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19
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The role of interleukin-6 in glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism. Semin Immunopathol 2019; 41:491-499. [PMID: 31101976 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-019-00747-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Low-grade inflammation is recognized as an important factor in the development and progression of a multitude of diseases including type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. The potential of using antibody-based therapies that neutralize key players of low-grade inflammation has gained scientific momentum as a novel therapeutic strategy in metabolic diseases. As interleukin-6 (IL-6) is traditionally considered a key pro-inflammatory factor, the potential of expanding the use of anti-IL-6 therapies to metabolic diseases is intriguing. However, IL-6 is a molecule of a very pleiotropic nature that regulates many aspects of not only inflammation but also metabolism. In this review, we give a brief overview of the pro- and anti-inflammatory aspects of IL-6 and provide an update on its role in metabolic regulation, with a specific focus on glucose homeostasis and adipose tissue metabolism. Finally, we shall discuss the metabolic implications and clinical potential of blocking IL-6 signaling, focusing on glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism.
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20
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Physical Activity and Exercise Therapy Benefit More Than Just Symptoms and Impairments in People With Hip and Knee Osteoarthritis. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2018; 48:439-447. [PMID: 29669488 DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2018.7877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Synopsis Osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip and knee is among the leading causes of global disability, highlighting the need for early, targeted, and effective treatment. The benefits of exercise therapy in people with hip and knee OA are substantial and supported by high-quality evidence, underlining that it should be part of first-line treatment in clinical practice. Furthermore, unlike other treatments for OA, such as analgesia and surgery, exercise therapy is not associated with risk of serious harm. Helping people with OA become more physically active, along with structured exercise therapy targeting symptoms and impairments, is crucial, considering that the majority of people with hip and knee OA do not meet physical activity recommendations. Osteoarthritis is associated with a range of chronic comorbidities, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and dementia, all of which are associated with chronic low-grade inflammation. Physical activity and exercise therapy not only improve symptoms and impairments of OA, but are also effective in preventing at least 35 chronic conditions and treating at least 26 chronic conditions, with one of the potential working mechanisms being exercise-induced anti-inflammatory effects. Patient education may be crucial to ensure long-term adherence and sustained positive effects on symptoms, impairments, physical activity levels, and comorbidities. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2018;48(6):439-447. Epub 18 Apr 2018. doi:10.2519/jospt.2018.7877.
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21
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Pedersen BK. Anti-inflammatory effects of exercise: role in diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Eur J Clin Invest 2017; 47:600-611. [PMID: 28722106 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 368] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persistent inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). AIMS The aim of this review was to provide the reader with an update of the mechanisms whereby exercise-induced cytokines may impact cardiometabolic diseases. RESULTS Evidence exists that interleukin (IL)-1β is involved in pancreatic β-cell damage, whereas TNF-α is a key molecule in peripheral insulin resistance. In addition, TNF-α appears to be involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and heart failure. A marked increase in IL-6 and IL-10 is provoked by exercise and exerts direct anti-inflammatory effects by an inhibition of TNF-α and by stimulating IL-1ra, thereby limiting IL-1β signalling. Moreover, muscle-derived IL-6 appears to have direct anti-inflammatory effects and serves as a mechanism to improve glucose tolerance. In addition, indirect anti-inflammatory effects of long-term exercise are mediated via improvements in body composition. CONCLUSION Physical activity represents a natural, strong anti-inflammatory strategy with minor side effects and should be integrated in the management of patients with cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bente Klarlund Pedersen
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism/Centre for Physical Activity Research (CIM/CFAS), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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22
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Concurrent Aerobic and Resistance Training Has Anti-Inflammatory Effects and Increases Both Plasma and Leukocyte Levels of IGF-1 in Late Middle-Aged Type 2 Diabetic Patients. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:3937842. [PMID: 28713486 PMCID: PMC5497609 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3937842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is an age-related chronic disease associated with metabolic dysregulation, chronic inflammation, and activation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The aim of this study was to assess the effects of a concurrent exercise training program on inflammatory status and metabolic parameters of T2D patients. Sixteen male patients (age range 55–70) were randomly assigned to an intervention group (n = 8), which underwent a concurrent aerobic and resistance training program (3 times a week; 16 weeks), or to a control group, which followed physicians' usual diabetes care advices. Training intervention significantly improved patients' body composition, blood pressure, total cholesterol, and overall fitness level. After training, plasma levels of adipokines leptin (−33.9%) and RBP4 (−21.3%), and proinflammatory markers IL-6 (−25.3%), TNF-α (−19.8%) and MCP-1 (−15.3%) decreased, whereas anabolic hormone IGF-1 level increased (+16.4%). All improvements were significantly greater than those of control patients. Plasma proteomic profile of exercised patients showed a reduction of immunoglobulin K light chain and fibrinogen as well. Training also induced a modulation of IL-6, IGF-1, and IGFBP-3 mRNAs in the PBMCs. These findings confirm that concurrent aerobic and resistance training improves T2D-related metabolic abnormalities and has the potential to reduce the deleterious health effects of diabetes-related inflammation.
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Lagraoui M, Sukumar G, Latoche JR, Maynard SK, Dalgard CL, Schaefer BC. Salsalate treatment following traumatic brain injury reduces inflammation and promotes a neuroprotective and neurogenic transcriptional response with concomitant functional recovery. Brain Behav Immun 2017; 61:96-109. [PMID: 27939247 PMCID: PMC5316369 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of traumatic brain injury (TBI). TBI induces rapid activation of astrocytes and microglia, infiltration of peripheral leukocytes, and secretion of inflammatory cytokines. In the context of modest or severe TBI, such inflammation contributes to tissue destruction and permanent brain damage. However, it is clear that the inflammatory response is also necessary to promote post-injury healing. To date, anti-inflammatory therapies, including the broad class of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), have met with little success in treatment of TBI, perhaps because these drugs have inhibited both the tissue-damaging and repair-promoting aspects of the inflammatory response, or because inhibition of inflammation alone is insufficient to yield therapeutic benefit. Salsalate is an unacetylated salicylate with long history of use in limiting inflammation. This drug is known to block activation of NF-κB, and recent data suggest that salsalate has a number of additional biological activities, which may also contribute to its efficacy in treatment of human disease. Here, we show that salsalate potently blocks pro-inflammatory gene expression and nitrite secretion by microglia in vitro. Using the controlled cortical impact (CCI) model in mice, we find that salsalate has a broad anti-inflammatory effect on in vivo TBI-induced gene expression, when administered post-injury. Interestingly, salsalate also elevates expression of genes associated with neuroprotection and neurogenesis, including the neuropeptides, oxytocin and thyrotropin releasing hormone. Histological analysis reveals salsalate-dependent decreases in numbers and activation-associated morphological changes in microglia/macrophages, proximal to the injury site. Flow cytometry data show that salsalate changes the kinetics of CCI-induced accumulation of various populations of CD11b-positive myeloid cells in the injured brain. Behavioral assays demonstrate that salsalate treatment promotes significant recovery of function following CCI. These pre-clinical data suggest that salsalate may show promise as a TBI therapy with a multifactorial mechanism of action to enhance functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouna Lagraoui
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA; Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gauthaman Sukumar
- Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joseph R Latoche
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA; Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sean K Maynard
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA; Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Clifton L Dalgard
- Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brian C Schaefer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA; Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Schairer C, Gadalla SM, Pfeiffer RM, Moore SC, Engels EA. Diabetes, Abnormal Glucose, Dyslipidemia, Hypertension, and Risk of Inflammatory and Other Breast Cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017; 26:862-868. [PMID: 28087608 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-16-0647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Obesity has been associated with substantially higher risk of inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) than other breast cancer. Here, we assess whether comorbidities of obesity, namely diabetes, abnormal glucose, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, are differentially related to risk of IBC and other breast cancers by tumor stage at diagnosis (localized/regional/distant/unstaged).Methods: We used linked SEER-Medicare data, with female breast cancer cases ages 66+ years identified by SEER registries (years 1992-2011). We divided first breast cancers into IBC (N = 2,306), locally advanced non-IBC (LABC; N = 10,347), and other (N = 197,276). We selected female controls (N = 200,000) from a stratified 5% random sample of Medicare recipients alive and breast cancer free. We assessed exposures until 12 months before diagnosis/selection using Medicare claims data. We estimated odds ratios (OR) and 99.9% confidence intervals (CI) using unconditional logistic regression.Results: Diabetes was associated with increased risk of distant IBC (98.5% of IBC cases; OR 1.44; 99.9% CI 1.21-1.71), distant (OR 1.24; 99.9% CI, 1.09-1.40) and regional (OR 1.29 (99.9% CI, 1.14-1.45) LABC, and distant (OR 1.23; 99.9% CI, 1.10-1.39) and unstaged (OR 1.32; 99.9% CI, 1.18-1.47) other breast cancers. Dyslipidemia was associated with reduced risk of IBC (OR 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67-0.94) and other breast cancers except localized disease. Results were similar by tumor estrogen receptor status. Abnormal glucose levels and hypertension had little association with risk of any tumor type.Conclusions: Associations with diabetes and dyslipidemia were similar for distant stage IBC and other advanced tumors.Impact: If confirmed, such findings could suggest avenues for prevention. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(6); 862-8. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Schairer
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Shahinaz M Gadalla
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ruth M Pfeiffer
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Steven C Moore
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Eric A Engels
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
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Mota GRD, Orsatti FL, Delbin MA, Zanesco A. Resistance exercise improves metabolic parameters and changes adipocyte-derived leptin: a comparison between genders in untrained adults. MOTRIZ: REVISTA DE EDUCACAO FISICA 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-6574201600030014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Trinh NT, Yamashita T, Ohneda K, Kimura K, Salazar GT, Sato F, Ohneda O. Increased Expression of EGR-1 in Diabetic Human Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Reduces Their Wound Healing Capacity. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 25:760-73. [PMID: 26988763 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2015.0335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which leads to diabetic complications, has been increasing worldwide. The possible applications of T2DM-derived stem cells in cell therapy are limited because their characteristics are still not fully understood. In this study, we characterized adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AT-MSCs) from diabetic patients (dAT-MSCs) and found that insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) was highly phosphorylated at serine 636/639 in dAT-MSCs. Moreover, we found that early growth response factor-1 (EGR-1) and its target genes of PTEN and GGPS1 were highly expressed in dAT-MSCs in comparison to healthy donor-derived AT-MSCs (nAT-MSCs). We observed impaired wound healing after the injection of dAT-MSCs in the ischemic flap mouse model. The expressions of EGR-1 and its target genes were diminished by small hairpin RNA-targeted EGR-1 (shEGR-1) and treatment with a mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) inhibitor (PD98059). Importantly, dAT-MSCs with shEGR-1 were able to restore the wound healing ability in the mouse model. Interestingly, under hypoxic conditions, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) can bind to the EGR-1 promoter in dAT-MSCs, but not in nAT-MSCs. Together, these results demonstrate that the expression of EGR-1 was upregulated in dAT-MSCs through two pathways: the main regulatory pathway is the MAPK/ERK pathway, the other is mediated by HIF-1α through direct transcriptional activation at the promoter region of the EGR1 gene. Our study suggests that dAT-MSCs may contribute to microvascular damage and delay wound healing through the overexpression of EGR-1. Interrupting the expression of EGR-1 in dAT-MSCs may be a useful treatment for chronic wounds in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhu-Thuy Trinh
- 1 Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Yamashita
- 1 Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kinuko Ohneda
- 2 Laboratory of Molecular Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare , Takasaki, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kimura
- 1 Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Georgina To'a Salazar
- 1 Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Fujio Sato
- 3 Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Osamu Ohneda
- 1 Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba, Japan
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Wang Y, Xu Y, Sheng H, Ni X, Lu J. Exercise amelioration of depression-like behavior in OVX mice is associated with suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in hippocampus. Behav Brain Res 2016; 307:18-24. [PMID: 27036651 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Exercise has benefit for perimenopause women in many ways, such as affective disorders. Our previous study has demonstrated that inflammation in hippocampus contributes to development of depression-like behavior in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Recently, oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome has been implicated to be involved in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and chronic stress-induced depression-like behavior in rodents. We sought to investigate whether ovariectomy-induced depression-like behavior is associated with NLRP3 inflammasome activation in brain and the effect of exercise on NLRP3 inflammasome activation in this model. The results showed that ovariectomy resulted in depression-like behavior in mice and an increase in levels of IL-1β and IL-18 in hippocampus. Exercise ameliorated the depression-like behavior and decreased levels of IL-1β and IL-18 in hippocampus. The level of IL-1β and IL-18 in hippocampus correlated to depression-like behavior in OVX mice. The levels of NLRP3, cleaved caspase-1 P10 and CD11b in hippocampus were increased in OVX mice compared with control group. Exercise could reduce the levels of NLRP3, cleaved caspase-1 P10 and CD11b in OVX mice. Our study suggests that NLRP3 inflammasome activation contribute to inflammation in hippocampus upon to deprivation of ovary. Exercise amelioration of depression-like behavior is associated with suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in hippocampus of this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Wang
- School of Kinesiology, The Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yongjun Xu
- Department of Physiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Sheng
- Department of Physiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Ni
- Department of Physiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jianqiang Lu
- School of Kinesiology, The Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
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28
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Exercise and type 2 diabetes: focus on metabolism and inflammation. Immunol Cell Biol 2015; 94:146-50. [DOI: 10.1038/icb.2015.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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