1
|
Chen H, Li G, Cui Y, Zhang Q, Li B, Liu X. High endothelial venules in intracranial germinomas: Implications for lymphocytes infiltration. Cancer Med 2023; 12:5450-5460. [PMID: 36259639 PMCID: PMC10028053 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Reactive lymphocytes are substantial components of germinoma, which are believed to be related to the favorable prognosis of this intracranial tumor and better response to immunotherapy. However, the mechanisms managing the recruitment of lymphocytes are poorly understood. High endothelial venules (HEVs) are specialized blood vessels that play key roles in lymphocyte trafficking in Lymph nodes. These vessels are associated with lymphocyte infiltration in chronic inflammatory diseases and various malignant tumors, but their distribution and implications in germinoma are unknown. This study aimed to investigate the distribution and implications of HEVs in intracranial germinomas. METHODS We investigated the presence and distribution of HEVs in 42 germinomas by immunohistochemical staining of peripheral node addressin (PNAd) and transmission electron microscopic examination. The correlation of the densities of HEVs with the extent of T and B lymphocyte infiltration and several clinicopathological characteristics were also analyzed to determine whether HEVs are responsible for lymphocyte recruitment and their roles in anti-tumor immunity in germinoma. RESULTS PNAd-positive HEVs were detected in 31% (13/42) of germinomas, and their presence correlated with abundant infiltrating CD3+ T cells, CD20 + B cells and CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (p = 0.0410, 0.0023, and 0.0061, respectively). Higher HEVs density was also correlated with several clinicopathological parameters, which are recognized indicators for favorable prognosis in germinomas, including typical tumor location (p = 0.0093), lower tumor cell content (p = 0.0428), and younger age at diagnosis (p = 0.0121). Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis showed HEVs-associated genes mainly enriched in immune-related Gene Ontology terms, including innate immune response, inflammatory response, and B cell receptor signaling pathway. The xCell analysis revealed that germinomas with higher HEVs enrichment scores had increased levels of the immune score, microenvironment score, dendritic cells, CD8+ central memory T-cells, CD4+ memory T-cells, and B-cells. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that HEVs could contribute to lymphocyte recruitment in germinomas, thus may serve as a predictor of favorable prognosis and better response to immunotherapy in this intracranial tumor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiyuan Chen
- Department of Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guilin Li
- Department of Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Cui
- Department of Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Ultrastructure Pathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Liu
- Department of Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Che W, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Wang X, Lyu J. Epidemiology, Management, and Long-Term Survival Outcomes of Intracranial Typical Site Germinomas: An Analysis of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End-Results (SEER) Database. Cancer Control 2022; 29:10732748221095944. [PMID: 35446714 PMCID: PMC9039445 DOI: 10.1177/10732748221095944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The correlations of epidemiological characteristics and clinical outcomes with different tumor sites in patients with intracranial typical site germinomas (ICTSGs) have not yet been well established. We analyzed ICTSGs using a multicenter database, focusing on its demographic, management patterns, and long-term survival outcomes. METHODS Patients diagnosed with ICTSGs were selected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End-Results (SEER) database. Demographic information and management patterns of ICTSGs were extracted for data analysis stratified by different tumor sites. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to evaluate the survival outcome stratified by treatment, tumor site and tumor size. RESULTS Among the 327 patients enrolled in the study, 16.21% had tumors located in the suprasellar region and 83.79% in the pineal region. The proportion of males was significantly higher among pineal germinomas (94.16 vs 66.04%; P < .001). Smaller tumors (<24 mm) were more common in the suprasellar region (37.74 vs 18.87%; P < .001). A higher percentage of patients with suprasellar germinomas underwent surgery. Radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy (CT) was, respectively, administered to 82.97 and 60.61% of patients during the treatment period, with no significant difference between suprasellar and pineal germinomas. CT plus RT was the most common treatment modality for both pituitary (30.19%) and pineal (33.94%) germinomas. Both RT and CT were associated with improved long-term survival. No survival difference was observed between suprasellar and pineal germinomas. CONCLUSIONS Despite significant differences in epidemiology and management, pineal and suprasellar germinomas had a similar long-term clinical outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Che
- Department of Neurosurgery, 162698The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Research, 162698The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yujiao Wang
- Department of Pathology, 71044Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanmin Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, 162698The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, 162698The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Lyu
- Department of Clinical Research, 162698The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang Y, Wang L, Ma W, Pan H, Wang R, Zhu H, Yao Y. Basal Ganglia Germ Cell Tumors With or Without Sellar Involvement: A Long-Term Follow-Up in a Single Medical Center and a Systematic Literature Review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:763609. [PMID: 34858336 PMCID: PMC8631754 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.763609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Basal ganglia germ cell tumors (BGGCTs) represent an extremely rare subset of tumors about which little is known. Some patients suffer from tumor dissemination, such as sellar involvement. This study aimed to evaluate the independent prognostic risk factors of patients with BGGCTs with or without sellar involvement. METHODS Sixteen patients were diagnosed with BGGCTs at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2000 to December 2020. A literature review was performed on the online databases Medline and PubMed, and 76 cases in the 19 retrieved articles were identified at the same time. The data regarding biochemical tests, radiological examinations, and outcomes during follow-up were analyzed. RESULTS Of 92 patients in this study, seven patients were clinically diagnosed as germinomas, with the remaining 85 patients receiving surgery. Fifty-two patients suffered from multifocal lesions or tumor dissemination. The patients with BGGCTs demonstrated a significant male predilection. The patients with delayed diagnosis more likely had cognitive disturbance (p = 0.028), mental disturbance (p = 0.047), and diabetes insipidus (p = 0.02). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the independent poor prognostic risk factors of patients with BGGCTs were delayed diagnosis [odd ratio (OR) 2.33; 95% CI 1.02-5.31], focal radiotherapy (OR 4.00; 95% CI 1.69-9.49), and non-pure germinoma (OR 4.64; 95% CI 1.76-12.22). CONCLUSIONS The delayed diagnosis, focal radiotherapy, and non-pure germinoma were associated with a poorer prognosis for patients with BGGCTs with or without sellar involvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wenbin Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Pan
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Renzhi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huijuan Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yong Yao, ; Huijuan Zhu,
| | - Yong Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yong Yao, ; Huijuan Zhu,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Germ-cell tumors of the central nervous system in Peking Union Medical College Hospital: A 20-year clinicopathologic review. Chin Med J (Engl) 2020; 133:240-242. [PMID: 31868808 PMCID: PMC7028174 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000000606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
5
|
Bhimani AD, Barrington NM, Aguilar TM, Arnone GD, Mehta AI. Pituitary germinomas: a multi-institutional study analyzing patient demographics and management patterns. Pituitary 2020; 23:381-388. [PMID: 32388804 DOI: 10.1007/s11102-020-01042-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Intracranial germinomas are exceedingly rare tumors found in the pineal and suprasellar regions. The extremely low incidence of pituitary germinoma has resulted in a significant gap in knowledge regarding its demographics, management, and treatment outcomes. We present the largest multicenter analysis of pituitary germinomas to date, focused on analyzing demographic and management patterns. METHODS This study utilizes the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program (2004-2016) to study patients with a primary intracranial germinoma of the pituitary gland. We analyzed demographic information and management strategies among adult and pediatric populations and conducted a 20-year overall survival analysis using Kaplan-Meier curve for a descriptive evaluation of survival outcomes between age groups and treatment groups. RESULTS 92 patients were included in the study, consisting of 58% pediatric patients and 42% adults, with overall 60% males. 82% patients received radiation as part of the treatment, with no significant difference between pediatric and adult groups. Chemotherapy was used significantly more in pediatrics (p = 0.0002) while surgery was significantly more common in adults (p = 0.0117). The most common treatment in pediatrics was radiation + chemotherapy (47%), while the most common treatment in adults was radiation + gross total resection + chemotherapy (23%) followed by radiation + gross total resection (19%). Younger age, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy were associated with increased 20-year survival on Kaplan-Meier curves. CONCLUSIONS There exist significant differences in the management of pediatric and adult populations with pituitary germinomas. The low incidence of these tumors makes them challenging to study, but also highlights the importance of national cancer registries in amassing sufficient patient data from which to draw evidence-based conclusions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhiraj D Bhimani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nikki M Barrington
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, 912 S. Wood Street, 4N NPI, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Tania M Aguilar
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, 912 S. Wood Street, 4N NPI, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Gregory D Arnone
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Ankit I Mehta
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, 912 S. Wood Street, 4N NPI, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Giangaspero F, Minasi S, Gianno F, Alzoubi H, Antonelli M, Buttarelli F. Mechanisms of telomere maintenance in pediatric brain tumors: Promising targets for therapy – A narrative review. GLIOMA 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/glioma.glioma_20_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
7
|
Kaltsas GA, Kolomodi D, Randeva H, Grossman A. Nonneuroendocrine Neoplasms of the Pituitary Region. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:3108-3123. [PMID: 30779850 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-01871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Although most sellar lesions are related to pituitary adenomas, the region gives rise to a variety of neoplasms that can be associated with substantial morbidity and/or mortality. DESIGN Information from reviews and guidelines of relevant societies dealing with such neoplasms, as well as articles that have provided new developments that made important contributions to their pathogenesis and treatment up to 2018, were obtained: public indexes such as PubMed/MEDLINE were used with the relevant search items. RESULTS Sellar neoplasms have a worse outcome than pituitary adenomas that is related not only to their natural history but also to side effects of therapies and evolving endocrine and/or hypothalamic deficiencies. Recent imaging advances have established the radiological fingerprint of some of these neoplasms, and several chromosomal aberrations have also been identified. Although established approaches along with new surgical and radiotherapeutic approaches remain the main treatment modalities, recent evidence has provided insight into their molecular pathogenesis involving, other than chemotherapy, treatments with targeted agents as in gliomas and craniopharyngiomas bearing BRAF mutations. Development of predictive markers of recurrences may also identify high-risk patients, including proliferative markers and expression of the progesterone receptor in meningiomas, and lead to less aggressive surgery. Owing to the rarity and complexity of these neoplasms, patients should be managed in dedicated centers. CONCLUSIONS The diagnosis and management of sellar neoplasms necessitate a multidisciplinary approach. Following evolving recent advances in their diagnosis and therapy, such a multidisciplinary approach needs to be extended to establish evidence-based diagnostic and management plans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory A Kaltsas
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- WISDEM Centre, University Hospital of Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Dionysia Kolomodi
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Harpal Randeva
- WISDEM Centre, University Hospital of Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Ashley Grossman
- Centre for Endocrinology, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Basal Ganglionic Germinoma With Syncytiotrophoblastic Giant Cells Mimicking a Growing Hematoma. J Craniofac Surg 2019; 30:e306-e308. [PMID: 31166274 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000005226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Basal ganglionic germinoma (BGG) with syncytiotrophoblastic giant cells (STGC) is a rare type of ectopic germ cell tumors with mild elevation of human chorionic gonadotropin level. Intratumoral hemorrhage is not uncommon for BGG, but presenting with repeated hemorrhage is very rare. Herein, we described an extremely rare case of BGG with STGC mimicking a growing hematoma. Furthermore, the characteristics, treatment, and prognosis of BGG with STGC were investigated and reviewed.
Collapse
|
9
|
A 51-year-old Man with Primary Spinal Cord Germinoma. Can J Neurol Sci 2019; 46:369-371. [PMID: 31084667 DOI: 10.1017/cjn.2019.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
10
|
Wang M, Zhou P, Zhang S, Liu X, Lv L, Wang Z, Ye F, Ju Y, Jiang S. Clinical features, radiologic findings, and treatment of pediatric germ cell tumors involving the basal ganglia and thalamus: a retrospective series of 15 cases at a single center. Childs Nerv Syst 2018; 34:423-430. [PMID: 29067503 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-017-3632-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pediatric germ cell tumors (GCTs) involving the basal ganglia and thalamus are relatively rare neoplasms which have not been extensively described. We here summarize the clinical and radiological features of a series of such tumors and discuss optimal treatment strategies based upon our experience. METHODS A total of 15 pediatric patients with basal ganglionic and thalamic GCTs were treated between 2011 and 2016 at West China Hospital. Epidemiological characteristics, clinical features, imaging findings, and treatment strategies were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS GCTs constituted 28% (15/53) of pediatric basal ganglionic and thalamic tumors in our institution between 2011 and 2016. There were 12 males and 3 females with mean age of 11.7 ± 2.8 years (range, 7-16 years). The most common initial manifestation was hemiparesis (n = 13, 86.7%), followed by headache (n = 5, 33.3%), vomiting (n = 3, 20.0%), cognitive disturbance (n = 2, 13.3%), and seizure (n = 1, 6.7%). No tumors were incidentally detected. The mean duration of the symptoms before diagnosis was 4.4 ± 3.9 months (range from 9 days to 13 months). The maximum diameters of the lesions ranged from 3.2 to 6.5 cm (mean 4.7 ± 1.1 cm). Cysts were seen in tumors in MRIs in 11 patients (73%), intratumoral hemorrhages in 3 (20%), calcification in 2 (13%), and there was obstructive hydrocephalus in 1 (7%). Of note, hemiatrophy was observed in 9 cases (60.0%). The mean follow-up for the 15 patients was 28 months (range, 9-54 months), and no patients were lost. During the follow-up period, all patients (9 cases) with germinomas responded well to radiotherapy, and no recurrence was observed. Among 4 patients with mixed nongerminomatous germ cell tumor, 2 suffered tumor recurrence after treatment. Neurological deficits improved or remained unchanged in 12 patients but 3 developed new dysfunction including significant cognitive disturbance and hemiparesis. CONCLUSIONS Pediatric GCTs in the basal ganglia and thalamus are not as rare as previously considered. Tumor markers should be tested routinely for tumors in these sites in young patients. Optimal treatment strategy based on accurate diagnosis and comprehensive clinical assessment should be recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Peizhi Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Shizhen Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueyou Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeming Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, People's Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, China
| | - Yan Ju
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pediatric Basal Ganglia Region Tumors: Clinical and Radiologic Features Correlated with Histopathologic Findings. World Neurosurg 2017; 103:504-516. [PMID: 28408259 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To summarize the clinical and radiologic features of pediatric basal ganglia region tumors (PBGRT) in correlation with their histopathologic findings to reduce inappropriate surgery and identify tumors that can benefit from maximal safe resection. METHODS The records of 35 children with PBGRT treated in our hospital from December 2011 to December 2015 were analyzed retrospectively. The clinical and radiologic features of these tumors were summarized and correlated with their histopathologic diagnosis. RESULTS Our series included 15 astrocytomas and 11 germ cell tumors (GCTs). Basal ganglia astrocytomas were characterized by various clinical presentations and an ill-circumscribed mass with the involvement of surrounding structures on neuroimaging and mostly occurred in the first decade of life (n = 10; 66.7%). Basal ganglia GCT mostly occurred in the second decade of life (n = 8; 72.7%) with hemiparesis as the most common symptom (n = 9; 81.8%). The tumors were located predominantly in the caput of caudate nucleus (n = 8; 72.7%) with hemiatrophy as the typical sign (n = 8; 72.7%). Occasionally, other tumors also could occur in this region, including primitive neuroectodermal tumor (n = 1), atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (n = 1), anaplastic ependymoma (n = 1), lymphoma (n = 1), extraventricular neurocytoma (n = 1), gangliogliomas (n = 2), oligodendroglioma (n = 1), and dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (n = 1). CONCLUSIONS Astrocytoma and GCT are the most common PBGRTs. Low-grade astrocytomas could benefit from maximal surgical resection, whereas GCTs merit neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy followed by second-look surgery. We advocate routine testing of tumor markers and analysis of their clinical and radiologic features to optimize the therapeutic strategy.
Collapse
|
12
|
Chiang JCH, Ellison DW. Molecular pathology of paediatric central nervous system tumours. J Pathol 2016; 241:159-172. [DOI: 10.1002/path.4813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason CH Chiang
- Department of Pathology; St Jude Children's Research Hospital; Memphis TN 38105 USA
| | - David W Ellison
- Department of Pathology; St Jude Children's Research Hospital; Memphis TN 38105 USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhang S, Liang G, Ju Y, You C. Clinical and Radiologic Features of Pediatric Basal Ganglia Germ Cell Tumors. World Neurosurg 2016; 95:516-524.e1. [PMID: 27567571 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2016.08.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Pediatric basal ganglia germ cell tumors (GCTs) represent a rare subset of tumors about which little is known. We aimed to summarize the clinical features and radiological findings of this special subgroup of GCTs. METHODS From January 2010 to January 2015, 12 pediatric patients with basal ganglia GCTs were treated in our hospital. The clinical features, radiologic findings, diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of these patients were analyzed retrospectively. Our institutional diagnostic principle and treatment strategy of this disease were discussed. RESULTS GCTs accounted for 25.5% of all the pediatric basal ganglia tumors treated in our hospital. There were 9 male and 3 female patients with a mean age of 11.5 ± 2.1 years. The most common symptom was progressive hemiparesis (n = 9, 75%). The radiologic findings showed that the lesions predominately located in caput of caudate nucleus (n = 9, 75.0%), followed by lenticular nucleus (n = 3, 25.0%). Hemiatrophy was commonly observed (n = 8, 66.7%). Eight patients were diagnosed as having germinomas, and 4 patients as having nongerminomatous germ cell tumors. During the follow-up period, preoperative neurologic dysfunctions improved in 7 patients and remained stable in 3. Two patients developed new onset of neurologic dysfunction after the treatment. Two patients suffered from tumor recurrence. CONCLUSIONS GCTs are not as rare as considered in pediatric basal ganglia tumors. They bear some distinctive clinical and radiologic features, which can help with the accurate diagnosis and successful management of such tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Si Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Guopeng Liang
- Intensive Care Unit, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Ju
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Chao You
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Jeong YB, Wang KC, Phi JH, Lee JY, Cheon JE, Kang HJ, Kim IH, Kim SK. A Case of Nongerminomatous Germ Cell Tumor with Fulminant Course Concomitant Leptomeningeal Metastasis. Brain Tumor Res Treat 2016; 4:21-5. [PMID: 27195258 PMCID: PMC4868813 DOI: 10.14791/btrt.2016.4.1.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We present the case of a 9-year-old boy with a non-germinomatous germ cell tumor (NGGCT) in the pineal gland that exhibited a fulminant course following chemo- and radiotherapy. After the detection of the tiny cerebellar enhancing nodule at the end of chemo- and radiotherapy, tumor seeding progressed rapidly into the entire cisternal space. We herein report a rare case of NGGCT with fulminant clinical course of concomitant cerebellar seeding, with review of literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youn-Beom Jeong
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyu-Chang Wang
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Phi
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Yeoun Lee
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.; Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Eun Cheon
- Division of Pediatric Radiology, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyoung Jin Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Il Han Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Ki Kim
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Burgueño-Montañés C, Santalla-Castro C, Peña-Suárez J. Parinaud «plus» syndrome in a patient with dysgerminoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 91:341-5. [PMID: 26900044 DOI: 10.1016/j.oftal.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
CLINICAL CASE A 33-year-old male diagnosed with Parinaud's syndrome, exotropia and post-papillary oedema optic atrophy in his left eye. A pineal germinoma was diagnosed after performing neuroimaging scans and a stereotactic biopsy. He was treated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy, showing a complete pathological response. The Parinaud's syndrome persists one year after diagnosis and the patient has refused to have strabismus surgery. DISCUSSION Parinaud's syndrome consists of a supranuclear vertical gaze palsy resulting from damage to the midbrain tectum. The involvement of adjacent structures leads to the «Parinaud-plus» syndrome. When a Parinaud's syndrome is accompanied by diplopia («Parinaud-plus» syndrome), extension of the injury into adjacent areas must be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Burgueño-Montañés
- Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, España.
| | - C Santalla-Castro
- Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, España
| | - J Peña-Suárez
- Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, España
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cao L, Wagar EA, Meng QH. A young boy with recurrent headache, lethargy, and hyponatremia. Clin Chim Acta 2016; 454:46-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|