1
|
Luongo M, Laurenziello P, Cesta G, Bochicchio AM, Omer LC, Falco G, Milone MR, Cibarelli F, Russi S, Laurino S. The molecular conversations of sarcomas: exosomal non-coding RNAs in tumor's biology and their translational prospects. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:172. [PMID: 39174949 PMCID: PMC11340101 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-02083-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes mediate cell-to-cell crosstalk involving a variety of biomolecules through an intricate signaling network. In recent years, the pivotal role of exosomes and their non-coding RNAs cargo in the development and progression of several cancer types clearly emerged. In particular, tumor bulk and its microenvironment co-evolve through cellular communications where these nanosized extracellular vesicles are among the most relevant actors. Knowledge about the cellular, and molecular mechanisms involved in these communications will pave the way for novel exosome-based delivery of therapeutic RNAs as well as innovative prognostic/diagnostic tools. Despite the valuable therapeutic potential and clinical relevance of exosomes, their role on sarcoma has been vaguely reported because the rarity and high heterogeneity of this type of cancer. Here, we dissected the scientific literature to unravel the multifaceted role of exosomal non-coding RNAs as mediator of cell-to-cell communications in the sarcoma subtypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Luongo
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, IRCCS CROB Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture (PZ), 85028, Italy
| | - Pasqualina Laurenziello
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, IRCCS CROB Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture (PZ), 85028, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cesta
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, IRCCS CROB Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture (PZ), 85028, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Bochicchio
- Experimental Oncology Unit, IRCCS CROB Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture (PZ), 85028, Italy
| | - Ludmila Carmen Omer
- Experimental Oncology Unit, IRCCS CROB Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture (PZ), 85028, Italy
| | - Geppino Falco
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, 80126, Italy
| | | | | | - Sabino Russi
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, IRCCS CROB Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture (PZ), 85028, Italy.
| | - Simona Laurino
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, IRCCS CROB Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture (PZ), 85028, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sergi CM. Pediatric cancer-pathology and microenvironment influence: a perspective into osteosarcoma and non-osteogenic mesenchymal malignant neoplasms. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:358. [PMID: 39154307 PMCID: PMC11330953 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-01240-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Pediatric cancer remains the leading cause of disease-related death among children aged 1-14 years. A few risk factors have been conclusively identified, including exposure to pesticides, high-dose radiation, and specific genetic syndromes, but the etiology underlying most events remains unknown. The tumor microenvironment (TME) includes stromal cells, vasculature, fibroblasts, adipocytes, and different subsets of immunological cells. TME plays a crucial role in carcinogenesis, cancer formation, progression, dissemination, and resistance to therapy. Moreover, autophagy seems to be a vital regulator of the TME and controls tumor immunity. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved intracellular process. It enables the degradation and recycling of long-lived large molecules or damaged organelles using the lysosomal-mediated pathway. The multifaceted role of autophagy in the complicated neoplastic TME may depend on a specific context. Autophagy may function as a tumor-suppressive mechanism during early tumorigenesis by eliminating unhealthy intracellular components and proteins, regulating antigen presentation to and by immune cells, and supporting anti-cancer immune response. On the other hand, dysregulation of autophagy may contribute to tumor progression by promoting genome damage and instability. This perspective provides an assortment of regulatory substances that influence the features of the TME and the metastasis process. Mesenchymal cells in bone and soft-tissue sarcomas and their signaling pathways play a more critical role than epithelial cells in childhood and youth. The investigation of the TME in pediatric malignancies remains uncharted primarily, and this unique collection may help to include novel advances in this setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Consolato M Sergi
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO), University of Ottawa, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Stollery Children's Hospital, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
- University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mack M, Swenson Z, Steele E, Daugherty R. Aggressive Presentation of Ewing Sarcoma Recurrence Demonstrates Rare Pattern of Pulmonary Lymphangitic Carcinomatosis. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2024; 46:e174-e175. [PMID: 37822023 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000002766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Mack
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging
| | | | - Erica Steele
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology
| | - Reza Daugherty
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Division of Pediatric Radiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Barba-Rosado LV, Carrascal-Hernández DC, Insuasty D, Grande-Tovar CD. Graphene Oxide (GO) for the Treatment of Bone Cancer: A Systematic Review and Bibliometric Analysis. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:186. [PMID: 38251150 PMCID: PMC10820493 DOI: 10.3390/nano14020186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is a severe disease that, in 2022, caused more than 9.89 million deaths worldwide. One worrisome type of cancer is bone cancer, such as osteosarcoma and Ewing tumors, which occur more frequently in infants. This study shows an active interest in the use of graphene oxide and its derivatives in therapy against bone cancer. We present a systematic review analyzing the current state of the art related to the use of GO in treating osteosarcoma, through evaluating the existing literature. In this sense, studies focused on GO-based nanomaterials for potential applications against osteosarcoma were reviewed, which has revealed that there is an excellent trend toward the use of GO-based nanomaterials, based on their thermal and anti-cancer activities, for the treatment of osteosarcoma through various therapeutic approaches. However, more research is needed to develop highly efficient localized therapies. It is suggested, therefore, that photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, and the use of nanocarriers should be considered as non-invasive, more specific, and efficient alternatives in the treatment of osteosarcoma. These options present promising approaches to enhance the effectiveness of therapy while also seeking to reduce side effects and minimize the damage to surrounding healthy tissues. The bibliometric analysis of photothermal and photochemical treatments of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide from January 2004 to December 2022 extracted 948 documents with its search strategy, mainly related to research papers, review papers, and conference papers, demonstrating a high-impact field supported by the need for more selective and efficient bone cancer therapies. The central countries leading the research are the United States, Iran, Italy, Germany, China, South Korea, and Australia, with strong collaborations worldwide. At the same time, the most-cited papers were published in journals with impact factors of more than 6.0 (2021), with more than 290 citations. Additionally, the journals that published the most on the topic are high impact factor journals, according to the analysis performed, demonstrating the high impact of the research field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lemy Vanessa Barba-Rosado
- Grupo de Investigación en Fotoquímica y Fotobiología, Programa de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad del Atlántico, Puerto Colombia 081008, Colombia; (L.V.B.-R.); (D.C.C.-H.)
| | - Domingo César Carrascal-Hernández
- Grupo de Investigación en Fotoquímica y Fotobiología, Programa de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad del Atlántico, Puerto Colombia 081008, Colombia; (L.V.B.-R.); (D.C.C.-H.)
- Departamento de Química y Biología, División de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad del Norte, Km 5 Vía Puerto Colombia, Barranquilla 081007, Colombia;
| | - Daniel Insuasty
- Departamento de Química y Biología, División de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad del Norte, Km 5 Vía Puerto Colombia, Barranquilla 081007, Colombia;
| | - Carlos David Grande-Tovar
- Grupo de Investigación en Fotoquímica y Fotobiología, Programa de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad del Atlántico, Puerto Colombia 081008, Colombia; (L.V.B.-R.); (D.C.C.-H.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Inacio KK, Pessoa ADS, Tokuhara CK, Pagnan AL, Sanches MLR, Fakhoury VS, Oliveira GSND, Oliveira FAD, Ximenes VF, Oliveira RCD. Menadione and protocatechuic acid: A drug combination with antitumor effects in murine osteosarcoma cells. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 751:109840. [PMID: 38040223 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a primary malignant bone tumor that has an abnormal expression of oncogenesis and tumor suppressors and causes dysregulation of various signaling pathways. Thus, novel therapeutic strategies for OS are needed to overcome the resistance of traditional treatments. This study evaluated the cytotoxic and anticancer effects of the association between menadione (MEN) and protocatechuic acid (PCA) in murine OS cells (UMR-106). The concentrations were 3.12 μM of isolated MEN, 500 μM of isolated PCA, and their associations. We performed cell viability assays, morphology modification analysis, cell migration by the wound-healing method, apoptosis by flow cytometry, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, gene expression of NOX by RT-qPCR, and degradation of MMP-2 and 9 by zymography. Our results showed that the association of MEN+PCA was more effective in OS cells than the compounds alone. The association decreased cell viability, delayed cell migration, and decreased the expression of NOX-2 and ROS. In addition, the MEN+PCA association induced a slight increase in the apoptotic process. In summary, the association can enhance the compound's antitumor effects and establish a higher selectivity for tumor cells, possibly caused by significant mitochondrial damage and antioxidant properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Karina Inacio
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriano de Souza Pessoa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cintia Kazuko Tokuhara
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Lígia Pagnan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Flavia Amadeu de Oliveira
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center. Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Valdecir Farias Ximenes
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, UNESP, São Paulo State University, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Todosenko N, Khlusov I, Yurova K, Khaziakhmatova O, Litvinova L. Signal Pathways and microRNAs in Osteosarcoma Growth and the Dual Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Oncogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108993. [PMID: 37240338 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The major challenges in Osteosarcoma (OS) therapy are its heterogeneity and drug resistance. The development of new therapeutic approaches to overcome the major growth mechanisms of OS is urgently needed. The search for specific molecular targets and promising innovative approaches in OS therapy, including drug delivery methods, is an urgent problem. Modern regenerative medicine focuses on harnessing the potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) because they have low immunogenicity. MSCs are important cells that have received considerable attention in cancer research. Currently, new cell-based methods for using MSCs in medicine are being actively investigated and tested, especially as carriers for chemotherapeutics, nanoparticles, and photosensitizers. However, despite the inexhaustible regenerative potential and known anticancer properties of MSCs, they may trigger the development and progression of bone tumors. A better understanding of the complex cellular and molecular mechanisms of OS pathogenesis is essential to identify novel molecular effectors involved in oncogenesis. The current review focuses on signaling pathways and miRNAs involved in the development of OS and describes the role of MSCs in oncogenesis and their potential for antitumor cell-based therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Todosenko
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236001 Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Igor Khlusov
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236001 Kaliningrad, Russia
- Laboratory of Cellular and Microfluidic Technologies, Siberian State Medical University, 2, Moskovskii Trakt, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Kristina Yurova
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236001 Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Olga Khaziakhmatova
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236001 Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Larisa Litvinova
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236001 Kaliningrad, Russia
- Laboratory of Cellular and Microfluidic Technologies, Siberian State Medical University, 2, Moskovskii Trakt, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ceranski AK, Carreño-Gonzalez MJ, Ehlers AC, Colombo MV, Cidre-Aranaz F, Grünewald TGP. Hypoxia and HIFs in Ewing sarcoma: new perspectives on a multi-facetted relationship. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:49. [PMID: 36915100 PMCID: PMC10010019 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01750-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia develops during the growth of solid tumors and influences tumoral activity in multiple ways. Low oxygen tension is also present in the bone microenvironment where Ewing sarcoma (EwS) - a highly aggressive pediatric cancer - mainly arises. Hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha (HIF-1-a) is the principal molecular mediator of the hypoxic response in cancer whereas EWSR1::FLI1 constitutes the oncogenic driver of EwS. Interaction of the two proteins has been shown in EwS. Although a growing body of studies investigated hypoxia and HIFs in EwS, their precise role for EwS pathophysiology is not clarified to date. This review summarizes and structures recent findings demonstrating that hypoxia and HIFs play a role in EwS at multiple levels. We propose to view hypoxia and HIFs as independent protagonists in the story of EwS and give a perspective on their potential clinical relevance as prognostic markers and therapeutic targets in EwS treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Katharina Ceranski
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Translational Pediatric Sarcoma Research (B410), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martha J Carreño-Gonzalez
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Translational Pediatric Sarcoma Research (B410), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna C Ehlers
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Translational Pediatric Sarcoma Research (B410), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria Vittoria Colombo
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Translational Pediatric Sarcoma Research (B410), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Regenerative Medicine Technologies Laboratory, Laboratories for Translational Research (LRT), Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Via F. Chiesa 5, CH-6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Department of Surgery, Service of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, EOC, Lugano, Switzerland.,Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico Di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milan, Italy
| | - Florencia Cidre-Aranaz
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Translational Pediatric Sarcoma Research (B410), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas G P Grünewald
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany. .,Division of Translational Pediatric Sarcoma Research (B410), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
The Roles of Exosomes in Metastasis of Sarcoma: From Biomarkers to Therapeutic Targets. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030456. [PMID: 36979391 PMCID: PMC10046038 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcoma is a heterogeneous group of mesenchymal neoplasms with a high rate of lung metastasis. The cellular mechanisms responsible for sarcoma metastasis remain poorly understood. Furthermore, there are limited efficacious therapeutic strategies for treating metastatic sarcoma. Improved diagnostic and therapeutic modalities are of increasing importance for the treatment of sarcoma due to their high mortality in the advanced stages of the disease. Recent evidence demonstrates that the exosome, a type of extracellular vesicle released by virtually all cells in the body, is an important facilitator of intercellular communication between the cells and the surrounding environment. The exosome is gaining significant attention among the medical research community, but there is little knowledge about how the exosome affects sarcoma metastasis. In this review, we summarize the multifaceted roles of sarcoma-derived exosomes in promoting the process of metastasis via the formation of pre-metastatic niche (PMN), the regulation of immunity, angiogenesis, vascular permeability, and the migration of sarcoma cells. We also highlight the potential of exosomes as innovative diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers as well as therapeutic targets in sarcoma metastasis.
Collapse
|
9
|
Baccalini EA, Renne SL, Colombo P, Pasqualini F, Quagliuolo VL, Cananzi FCM, Grizzi F, Borroni EM. Exploring the CXCR4/CXCR7/CXCL12 Axis in Primary Desmoid Tumors. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2023; 23:2248-2253. [PMID: 36748819 DOI: 10.2174/1871520623666230207091429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Desmoid tumors have an extremely variable natural history. The uncertainty behind desmoid behavior reflects the complexity, which subtends its development and non-linear advancement. Apart from Wnt- βcatenin mutation, estrogen receptors, and COX-2 overexpression, little is known about the ability of desmoids to grow and recur while being unable to metastasize. Several tumors have been shown to express the CXCR4/CXCR7/CXCL12 axis, whose functions are essential for tumoral development. AIMS This study aimed to investigate the expression of the CXCR4/CXCR7/CXCL12 axis in primary desmoid tumors and discuss the potential role of this key-signaling as an antiangiogenic therapeutic strategy. METHODS In this study, 3 μm-thick consecutive sections from each formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue block were treated with mouse monoclonal antibodies developed against CD34, CXCR4, CXCR7, and CXCL12. RESULTS Two distinct vessel populations: CXCR4+ and CXCR4- vessels, have been found. Similarly, chemokine receptor CXCR7 expression in the entire desmoid tumor series positively stained a portion of tumor-associated vessels, identifying two distinct subpopulations of vessels: CXCR7+ and CXCR7- vessels. All 8 neoplastic tissue samples expressed CXCL12. Immunohistochemical positivity was identified in both stromal and endothelial vascular cells. Compared to CXCR4 and CXCR7, the vast majority of tumor-associated vessels were found to express this chemokine. CONCLUSION It is the first time, as per our knowledge, that CXCR4/CXCR7/CXCL12 axis expression has been identified in a desmoid type-fibromatosis series. CXCL12 expression by neoplastic cells, together with CXCR4 and CXCR7 expression by a subgroup of tumor-associated vessels, was detected in all desmoid tumor tissue samples examined. Since chemokines are known contributors to neovascularization, CXCR4/CXCR7/CXCL12 axis may play a role in angiogenesis in this soft-tissue tumor histotype, thereby supporting its growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Andrea Baccalini
- Sarcoma, Melanoma and Rare Tumors Surgery Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, 20089, Italy
| | - Salvatore Lorenzo Renne
- Department of Pathology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, 20089, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, 20090, Italy
| | - Piergiuseppe Colombo
- Department of Pathology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, 20089, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, 20090, Italy
| | - Fabio Pasqualini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, 20090, Italy
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, 20089, Italy
| | - Vittorio Lorenzo Quagliuolo
- Sarcoma, Melanoma and Rare Tumors Surgery Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, 20089, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Carlo Maria Cananzi
- Sarcoma, Melanoma and Rare Tumors Surgery Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, 20089, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, 20090, Italy
| | - Fabio Grizzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, 20090, Italy
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, 20089, Italy
| | - Elena Monica Borroni
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, 20089, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Segrate, 20054, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Apfelbaum AA, Wrenn ED, Lawlor ER. The importance of fusion protein activity in Ewing sarcoma and the cell intrinsic and extrinsic factors that regulate it: A review. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1044707. [PMID: 36505823 PMCID: PMC9727305 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1044707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence shows that despite clonal origins tumors eventually become complex communities comprised of phenotypically distinct cell subpopulations. This heterogeneity arises from both tumor cell intrinsic programs and signals from spatially and temporally dynamic microenvironments. While pediatric cancers usually lack the mutational burden of adult cancers, they still exhibit high levels of cellular heterogeneity that are largely mediated by epigenetic mechanisms. Ewing sarcomas are aggressive bone and soft tissue malignancies with peak incidence in adolescence and the prognosis for patients with relapsed and metastatic disease is dismal. Ewing sarcomas are driven by a single pathognomonic fusion between a FET protein and an ETS family transcription factor, the most common of which is EWS::FLI1. Despite sharing a single driver mutation, Ewing sarcoma cells demonstrate a high degree of transcriptional heterogeneity both between and within tumors. Recent studies have identified differential fusion protein activity as a key source of this heterogeneity which leads to profoundly different cellular phenotypes. Paradoxically, increased invasive and metastatic potential is associated with lower EWS::FLI1 activity. Here, we review what is currently understood about EWS::FLI1 activity, the cell autonomous and tumor microenvironmental factors that regulate it, and the downstream consequences of these activity states on tumor progression. We specifically highlight how transcription factor regulation, signaling pathway modulation, and the extracellular matrix intersect to create a complex network of tumor cell phenotypes. We propose that elucidation of the mechanisms by which these essential elements interact will enable the development of novel therapeutic approaches that are designed to target this complexity and ultimately improve patient outcomes.
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang J, Li Z. TREM2 Is a Prognostic Biomarker and Correlated with an Immunosuppressive Microenvironment in Thyroid Cancer. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:1807386. [PMID: 36438899 PMCID: PMC9683966 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1807386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSES To identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to the immune microenvironment and elucidate the biological functions of key genes in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) by analyzing the immune microenvironment. METHODS The relative quantities of immune and matrix components in 507 patients with PTC were calculated from the TCGA database. Analysis of differentially expressed genes in tumor samples throughout the genome, intersection of DEGs obtained from PTC patients, and genome-wide tumor samples and survival analysis were performed. Survival analysis was used for identification of prognostic factor. Immunohistochemical analysis of the TREM2 expression in PTC tissues, flow cytometry, and transwell assays were used to detect the effect of TREM2 on PTC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. RESULTS There were a total of 1242 upregulated genes with high intersection in the immune score and 124 downregulated genes with low intersection in the stromal score. A total of 1,366 genes in these DEGs may be determinants in the immune microenvironment. GO enrichment and KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that the overall function of DEGs appeared to map onto immune-related activities. Gene intersection and survival analysis showed that there were 435 DEG crosses in PTC patients and genome-wide tumor samples, only CXCL10, CD40LG, KRT14, TRAT1, and TREM2 were associated with patient prognosis, and TCGA showed that only the TREM2 expression was upregulated in PTC. TREM2 knockdown inhibited the cell cycle and cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by PTC cells. TREM2 was associated with the immunosuppressive microenvironment by via NF-κB pathway in PTC. CONCLUSION TREM2 possibly was a potential indicator of altered TME status in PTC, and that TREM2 promoted PTC cell proliferation and cell cycle, migration, and invasion by NF-κB pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, NO.44 Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong District, Shenyang 110042, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhendong Li
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, NO.44 Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong District, Shenyang 110042, Liaoning Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jiménez JA, Lawlor ER, Lyssiotis CA. Amino acid metabolism in primary bone sarcomas. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1001318. [PMID: 36276057 PMCID: PMC9581121 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1001318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary bone sarcomas, including osteosarcoma (OS) and Ewing sarcoma (ES), are aggressive tumors with peak incidence in childhood and adolescence. The intense standard treatment for these patients consists of combined surgery and/or radiation and maximal doses of chemotherapy; a regimen that has not seen improvement in decades. Like other tumor types, ES and OS are characterized by dysregulated cellular metabolism and a rewiring of metabolic pathways to support the biosynthetic demands of malignant growth. Not only are cancer cells characterized by Warburg metabolism, or aerobic glycolysis, but emerging work has revealed a dependence on amino acid metabolism. Aside from incorporation into proteins, amino acids serve critical functions in redox balance, energy homeostasis, and epigenetic maintenance. In this review, we summarize current studies describing the amino acid metabolic requirements of primary bone sarcomas, focusing on OS and ES, and compare these dependencies in the normal bone and malignant tumor contexts. We also examine insights that can be gleaned from other cancers to better understand differential metabolic susceptibilities between primary and metastatic tumor microenvironments. Lastly, we discuss potential metabolic vulnerabilities that may be exploited therapeutically and provide better-targeted treatments to improve the current standard of care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A. Jiménez
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Elizabeth R. Lawlor
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States,Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States,*Correspondence: Elizabeth R. Lawlor, ; Costas A. Lyssiotis,
| | - Costas A. Lyssiotis
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,*Correspondence: Elizabeth R. Lawlor, ; Costas A. Lyssiotis,
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yoon HY, Maron BY, Girald-Berlingeri S, Gasilina A, Gollin JC, Jian X, Akpan I, Yohe ME, Randazzo PA, Chen PW. ERK phosphorylation is dependent on cell adhesion in a subset of pediatric sarcoma cell lines. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2022; 1869:119264. [PMID: 35381293 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) and Pax-Foxo1 fusion negative rhabdomyosarcoma (FN-RMS) are pediatric sarcomas with poor prognoses in patients with advanced disease. In both malignancies, an actin binding protein has been linked to poor prognosis. Integrin adhesion complexes (IACs) are closely coupled to actin networks and IAC-mediated signaling has been implicated in the progression of carcinomas. However, the relationship of IACs and actin cytoskeleton remodeling with cell signaling is understudied in pediatric sarcomas. Here, we tested the hypothesis that IAC dynamics affect ERK activation in OS and FN-RMS cell lines. Adhesion dependence of ERK activation differed among the OS and FN-RMS cells examined. In the OS cell lines, adhesion did not have a consistent effect on phospho-ERK (pERK). ERK phosphorylation in response to fetal calf serum or 1 ng/ml EGF was nearly as efficient in OS cell lines and one FN-RMS cell line in suspension as cells adherent to poly-l-lysine (PL) or fibronectin (FN). By contrast, adhesion to plastic, PL or FN increased ERK phosphorylation and was greater than additive with a 15 min exposure to 1 ng/ml EGF in three FN-RMS cell lines. Increases in pERK were partly dependent on FAK and PAK1/2 but independent of IAC maturation. As far as we are aware, this examination of adhesion-dependent signaling is the first in pediatric sarcomas and has led to the discovery of differences from the prevailing paradigms and differences in the degree of coupling between components in the signaling pathways among the cell lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Young Yoon
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Ben Y Maron
- Department of Biology, Williams College, Williamstown, MA, United States of America
| | - Sofia Girald-Berlingeri
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Anjelika Gasilina
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Josephine C Gollin
- Department of Biology, Williams College, Williamstown, MA, United States of America
| | - Xiaoying Jian
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Itoro Akpan
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Marielle E Yohe
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Paul A Randazzo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States of America.
| | - Pei-Wen Chen
- Department of Biology, Williams College, Williamstown, MA, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Shi D, Mu S, Pu F, Zhong B, Hu B, Muhtar M, Tong W, Shao Z, Zhang Z, Liu J. Pan-sarcoma characterization of lncRNAs in the crosstalk of EMT and tumour immunity identifies distinct clinical outcomes and potential implications for immunotherapy. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:427. [PMID: 35842562 PMCID: PMC11071722 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04462-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a reversible process that may interact with tumour immunity through multiple approaches. There is increasing evidence demonstrating the interconnections among EMT-related processes, the tumour microenvironment, and immune activity, as well as its potential influence on the immunotherapy response. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as critical modulators of gene expression. They play fundamental roles in tumour immunity and act as promising biomarkers of immunotherapy response. However, the potential roles of lncRNA in the crosstalk of EMT and tumour immunity are still unclear in sarcoma. We obtained multi-omics profiling of 1440 pan-sarcoma patients from 19 datasets. Through an unsupervised consensus clustering approach, we categorised EMT molecular subtypes. We subsequently identified 26 EMT molecular subtype and tumour immune-related lncRNAs (EILncRNA) across pan-sarcoma types and developed an EILncRNA signature-based weighted scoring model (EILncSig). The EILncSig exhibited favourable performance in predicting the prognosis of sarcoma, and a high-EILncSig was associated with exclusive tumour microenvironment (TME) characteristics with desert-like infiltration of immune cells. Multiple altered pathways, somatically-mutated genes and recurrent CNV regions associated with EILncSig were identified. Notably, the EILncSig was associated with the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) therapy. Using a computational drug-genomic approach, we identified compounds, such as Irinotecan that may have the potential to convert the EILncSig phenotype. By integrative analysis on multi-omics profiling, our findings provide a comprehensive resource for understanding the functional role of lncRNA-mediated immune regulation in sarcomas, which may advance the understanding of tumour immune response and the development of lncRNA-based immunotherapeutic strategies for sarcoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deyao Shi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Shidai Mu
- Institute of Haematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Feifei Pu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Binlong Zhong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Binwu Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Muradil Muhtar
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Wei Tong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Zengwu Shao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Zhicai Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Jianxiang Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
No Effect on Tumorigenesis in MG63 Cells Induced by Co-Cultured Mesenchymal Stem Cells. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:4202439. [PMID: 35847369 PMCID: PMC9279036 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4202439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a kind of bone tumor with an extremely high malignant degree and often occurs in adolescents. Mesenchymal stem cells are believed to play an important role in the microenvironment of osteosarcoma, but whether they promote or inhibit the development of osteosarcoma is controversial. In this study, the coexpression of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with osteosarcoma cell MG63 was used to explore the effect of MSCs on MG63. We found that co-culture of MSCs with MG63 did not affect the proliferation, invasion, and migration of MG63 cells, nor did it significantly affect the epithelial- and glial-mesenchymal transformation of MG63 cells. Therefore, in this study, we obtained a new concept that MSCs neither promote nor inhibit the occurrence and development of osteosarcoma.
Collapse
|
16
|
Fayzullina D, Tsibulnikov S, Stempen M, Schroeder BA, Kumar N, Kharwar RK, Acharya A, Timashev P, Ulasov I. Novel Targeted Therapeutic Strategies for Ewing Sarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14081988. [PMID: 35454895 PMCID: PMC9032664 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14081988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Ewing sarcoma is an uncommon cancer that arises in mesenchymal tissues and represents the second most widespread malignant bone neoplasm after osteosarcoma in children. Therapy has increased the 5-year survival rate in the last 40 years, although the recurrence rate has remained high. There is an immediate and unmet need for the development of novel Ewing sarcoma therapies. We offer new prospective targets for the therapy of Ewing sarcoma. The EWSR1/FLI1 fusion protein, which is identified in 85–90% of Ewing sarcoma tumors, and its direct targets are given special focus in this study. Experimantal therapy that targets multiple signaling pathways activated during ES progression, alone or in combination with existing regimens, may become the new standard of care for Ewing sarcoma patients, improving patient survival. Abstract Ewing sarcoma (ES) is an uncommon cancer that arises in mesenchymal tissues and represents the second most widespread malignant bone neoplasm after osteosarcoma in children. Amplifications in genomic, proteomic, and metabolism are characteristics of sarcoma, and targeting altered cancer cell molecular processes has been proposed as the latest promising strategy to fight cancer. Recent technological advancements have elucidated some of the underlying oncogenic characteristics of Ewing sarcoma. Offering new insights into the physiological basis for this phenomenon, our current review examines the dynamics of ES signaling as it related to both ES and the microenvironment by integrating genomic and proteomic analyses. An extensive survey of the literature was performed to compile the findings. We have also highlighted recent and ongoing studies integrating metabolomics and genomics aimed at better understanding the complex interactions as to how ES adapts to changing biochemical changes within the tumor microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daria Fayzullina
- Group of Experimental Biotherapy and Diagnostic, Department of Advanced Materials, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia; (D.F.); (S.T.); (M.S.); (P.T.)
| | - Sergey Tsibulnikov
- Group of Experimental Biotherapy and Diagnostic, Department of Advanced Materials, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia; (D.F.); (S.T.); (M.S.); (P.T.)
| | - Mikhail Stempen
- Group of Experimental Biotherapy and Diagnostic, Department of Advanced Materials, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia; (D.F.); (S.T.); (M.S.); (P.T.)
| | - Brett A. Schroeder
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA;
| | - Naveen Kumar
- Tumor Immunology Lab, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India; (N.K.); (A.A.)
| | - Rajesh Kumar Kharwar
- Endocrine Research Lab, Department of Zoology, Kutir Post Graduate College, Chakkey, Jaunpur 222146, India;
| | - Arbind Acharya
- Tumor Immunology Lab, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India; (N.K.); (A.A.)
| | - Peter Timashev
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia; (D.F.); (S.T.); (M.S.); (P.T.)
- Department of Advanced Materials, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Ilya Ulasov
- Group of Experimental Biotherapy and Diagnostic, Department of Advanced Materials, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia; (D.F.); (S.T.); (M.S.); (P.T.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Odri GA, Tchicaya-Bouanga J, Yoon DJY, Modrowski D. Metastatic Progression of Osteosarcomas: A Review of Current Knowledge of Environmental versus Oncogenic Drivers. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14020360. [PMID: 35053522 PMCID: PMC8774233 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Osteosarcomas are heterogeneous bone tumors with complex genetic and chromosomic alterations. The numerous patients with metastatic osteosarcoma have a very poor prognosis, and only those who can have full surgical resection of the primary tumor and of all the macro metastasis can survive. Despite the recent improvements in prediction and early detection of metastasis, big efforts are still required to understand the specific mechanisms of osteosarcoma metastatic progression, in order to reveal novel therapeutic targets. Abstract Metastases of osteosarcomas are heterogeneous. They may grow simultaneously with the primary tumor, during treatment or shortly after, or a long time after the end of the treatment. They occur mainly in lungs but also in bone and various soft tissues. They can have the same histology as the primary tumor or show a shift towards a different differentiation path. However, the metastatic capacities of osteosarcoma cells can be predicted by gene and microRNA signatures. Despite the identification of numerous metastasis-promoting/predicting factors, there is no efficient therapeutic strategy to reduce the number of patients developing a metastatic disease or to cure these metastatic patients, except surgery. Indeed, these patients are generally resistant to the classical chemo- and to immuno-therapy. Hence, the knowledge of specific mechanisms should be extended to reveal novel therapeutic approaches. Recent studies that used DNA and RNA sequencing technologies highlighted complex relations between primary and secondary tumors. The reported results also supported a hierarchical organization of the tumor cell clones, suggesting that cancer stem cells are involved. Because of their chemoresistance, their plasticity, and their ability to modulate the immune environment, the osteosarcoma stem cells could be important players in the metastatic process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Anthony Odri
- INSERM UMR 1132, Biologie de l’os et du Cartilage (BIOSCAR), Lariboisière Hospital, UFR de Médecine, Faculté de Santé, University of Paris, 75010 Paris, France; (J.T.-B.); (D.J.Y.Y.); (D.M.)
- Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique et Traumatologique, DMU Locomotion, Lariboisière Hospital, 75010 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Joëlle Tchicaya-Bouanga
- INSERM UMR 1132, Biologie de l’os et du Cartilage (BIOSCAR), Lariboisière Hospital, UFR de Médecine, Faculté de Santé, University of Paris, 75010 Paris, France; (J.T.-B.); (D.J.Y.Y.); (D.M.)
| | - Diane Ji Yun Yoon
- INSERM UMR 1132, Biologie de l’os et du Cartilage (BIOSCAR), Lariboisière Hospital, UFR de Médecine, Faculté de Santé, University of Paris, 75010 Paris, France; (J.T.-B.); (D.J.Y.Y.); (D.M.)
- Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique et Traumatologique, DMU Locomotion, Lariboisière Hospital, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Dominique Modrowski
- INSERM UMR 1132, Biologie de l’os et du Cartilage (BIOSCAR), Lariboisière Hospital, UFR de Médecine, Faculté de Santé, University of Paris, 75010 Paris, France; (J.T.-B.); (D.J.Y.Y.); (D.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Fourman MS, Ramsey DC, Newman ET, Schwab JH, Chen YL, Hung YP, Chebib I, Deshpande V, Nielsen GP, DeLaney TF, Mullen JT, Raskin KA, Lozano Calderón SA. Assessing the Safety and Utility of Wound VAC Temporization of the Sarcoma or Benign Aggressive Tumor Bed Until Final Margins Are Achieved. Ann Surg Oncol 2021; 29:2290-2298. [PMID: 34751874 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-021-11023-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Local recurrence of microinvasive sarcoma or benign aggressive pathologies can be limb- and life-threatening. Although frozen pathology is reliable, tumor microinvasion can be subtle or missed, having an impact on surgical margins and postoperative radiation planning. The authors' service has begun to temporize the tumor bed after primary tumor excision with a wound vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) pending formal margin analysis, with coverage performed in the setting of final negative margins. METHODS This retrospective analysis included all patients managed at a tertiary referral cancer center with VAC temporization after soft tissue sarcoma or benign aggressive tumor excision from 1 January 2000 to 1 January 2019 and at least 2 years of oncologic follow-up evaluation. The primary outcome was local recurrence. The secondary outcomes were distant recurrence, unplanned return to the operating room for wound/infectious indications, thromboembolic events, and tumor-related deaths. RESULTS For 62 patients, VAC temporization was performed. The mean age of the patients was 62.2 ± 22.3 years (median 66.5 years; 95% confidence interval [CI] 61.7-72.5 years), and the mean age-adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index was 5.3 ± 1.9. The most common tumor histology was myxofibrosarcoma (51.6%, 32/62). The mean volume was 124.8 ± 324.1 cm3, and 35.5% (22/62) of the cases were subfascial. Local recurrences occurred for 8.1% (5/62) of the patients. Three of these five patients had planned positive margins, and 17.7% (11/62) of the patients had an unplanned return to the operating room. No demographic or tumor factors were associated with unplanned surgery. CONCLUSIONS The findings showed that VAC-temporized management of microinvasive sarcoma and benign aggressive pathologies yields favorable local recurrence and unplanned operating room rates suggestive of oncologic and technical safety. These findings will need validation in a future randomized controlled trial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell S Fourman
- Orthopaedic Oncology Service, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Duncan C Ramsey
- Orthopaedic Oncology Service, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Erik T Newman
- Orthopaedic Oncology Service, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph H Schwab
- Spine Service, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yen-Lin Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yin P Hung
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ivan Chebib
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vikram Deshpande
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - G Petur Nielsen
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas F DeLaney
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John T Mullen
- Surgical Oncology Service, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kevin A Raskin
- Orthopaedic Oncology Service, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Santiago A Lozano Calderón
- Orthopaedic Oncology Service, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ni H, Zhi R, Zuo J, Liu W, Xie P, Zhi Z. Pseudogene ANXA2P2 knockdown shows tumor-suppressive function by inhibition of the PI3K/PKB pathway in glioblastoma cells. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22824. [PMID: 34047431 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The pseudogene annexin A2 pseudogene 2 (ANXA2P2) is highly expressed in glioblastoma (GBM). However, its role and mechanism involved in the progression of GBM remain poorly understood. ANXA2P2 messenger RNA expression was measured by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The protein levels were detected by Western blot. Cell viability was evaluated by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assays. Cell invasive ability was investigated by the transwell assay and by epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Cell apoptosis was examined by flow cytometry. The results showed that ANXA2P2 expression was increased in GBM tissues and cells. Silencing of ANXA2P2 inhibited the activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (PKB) pathway in GBM cells. Knockdown of ANXA2P2 decreased cell viability, promoted LDH release, suppressed cell invasive ability, and EMT, and induced cell apoptosis in GBM cells. The addition of the PI3K/PKB activator 740Y-P abrogated the effects of ANXA2P2 knockdown on cell viability, LDH release, invasive ability, and apoptosis. In conclusion, knockdown of ANXA2P2 inhibited cell viability and invasion but promoted the apoptotic rate by suppressing the PI3K/PKB pathway in GBM cells. ANXA2P2 may represent a new target for the treatment of GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongzao Ni
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Rongrong Zhi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lianshui County People's Hospital Affiliated to Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Jiandong Zuo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Wenguang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Peng Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Zhongwen Zhi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Yang B, Su Z, Chen G, Zeng Z, Tan J, Wu G, Zhu S, Lin L. Identification of prognostic biomarkers associated with metastasis and immune infiltration in osteosarcoma. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:180. [PMID: 33574919 PMCID: PMC7816295 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignancy of the bones, and is associated with a high rate of metastasis and a poor prognosis. A tight association between the tumor microenvironment (TME) and osteosarcoma metastasis has been established. In the present study, the Estimation of STromal and Immune cells in MAlignant Tumor tissues using Expression data (ESTIMATE) algorithm was applied to calculate the immune and stromal scores of patients with osteosarcoma based on data from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. A metagene approach and deconvolution method were used to reveal distinct TME landscapes in patients with osteosarcoma. Bioinformatics analysis was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with metastasis and immune infiltration in osteosarcoma, and a risk model was constructed using the DEGs with potential prognostic significance. Subsequently, gene set enrichment and Spearman's correlation analyses were used to delineate the biological processes associated with these prognostic biomarkers. Finally, immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis was performed to evaluate the expression levels of immune infiltrates and prognostic biomarkers in clinical osteosarcoma tissues. The results of the ESTIMATE demonstrated that patients with non-metastatic osteosarcoma presented with higher immune/stromal scores and a more favorable prognosis compared with those with metastatic osteosarcoma. The TME landscapes in patients with osteosarcoma suggested that high levels of tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) may suppress metastasis. Increased numbers of CD56bright natural killer cells, immature B cells, M1 macrophages and neutrophils, and lower levels of M2 macrophages were observed in the non-metastatic tissues compared with those in the metastatic tissues. A total of 69 DEGs were identified to be associated with metastasis and immune infiltration in osteosarcoma. Of these, GATA3, LPAR5, EVI2B, RIAM and CFH exhibited prognostic potential and were highly expressed in non-metastatic osteosarcoma tissues based on the IHC analysis results. These biomarkers were involved in various immune-related biological processes and were positively associated with multiple TIICs and immune signatures. The risk model constructed using these prognostic biomarkers demonstrated high predictive accuracy for the prognosis of osteosarcoma. In conclusion, the present study proposed a five-biomarker prognostic signature for the prediction of metastasis and immune infiltration in patients with osteosarcoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingsheng Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
| | - Zexin Su
- Department of Joint Surgery, Huadu District People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510800, P.R. China
| | - Guoli Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, Fujian 351100, P.R. China
| | - Zhirui Zeng
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550009, P.R. China
| | - Jianye Tan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
| | - Guofeng Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
| | - Lijun Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
D’Agostino S, Tombolan L, Saggioro M, Frasson C, Rampazzo E, Pellegrini S, Favaretto F, Biz C, Ruggieri P, Gamba P, Bonvini P, Aveic S, Giovannoni R, Pozzobon M. Rhabdomyosarcoma Cells Produce Their Own Extracellular Matrix With Minimal Involvement of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts: A Preliminary Study. Front Oncol 2021; 10:600980. [PMID: 33585217 PMCID: PMC7878542 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.600980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interplay between neoplastic cells and surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM) is one of the determinant elements for cancer growth. The remodeling of the ECM by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) shapes tumor microenvironment by depositing and digesting ECM proteins, hence promoting tumor growth and invasion. While for epithelial tumors CAFs are well characterized, little is known about the stroma composition of mesenchymal cancers, such as in rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), the most common soft tissue sarcoma during childhood and adolescence. The aim of this work is to identify the importance of CAFs in specifying RMS microenvironment and the role of these stromal cells in RMS growth. METHODS We assessed in two dimensional (2D) and three dimensional (3D) systems the attraction between RMS cells and fibroblasts using epithelial colon cancer cell line as control. CAFs were studied in a xenogeneic mouse model of both tumor types and characterized in terms of fibroblast activation protein (FAP), mouse PDGFR expression, metalloproteases activation, and ECM gene and protein expression profiling. RESULTS In 2D model, the rate of interaction between stromal and malignant cells was significantly lower in RMS with respect to colon cancer. Particularly, in 3D system, RMS spheroids tended to dismantle the compact aggregate when grown on the layer of stromal cells. In vivo, despite the well-formed tumor mass, murine CAFs were found in low percentage in RMS xenogeneic samples. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the evidence that, differently from epithelial cancers, RMS cells are directly involved in their own ECM remodeling, and less dependent on CAFs support for cancer cell growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefania D’Agostino
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
- Department of Women and Children Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Lucia Tombolan
- Department of Women and Children Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Pediatric Solid Tumors Laboratory, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Mattia Saggioro
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
- Department of Women and Children Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Chiara Frasson
- Onco-Hematology Laboratory, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Elena Rampazzo
- Department of Women and Children Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Brain Tumors Laboratory, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefania Pellegrini
- Department of Women and Children Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Favaretto
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine 3, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Carlo Biz
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology DiSCOG, Orthopedic Clinic, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Pietro Ruggieri
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology DiSCOG, Orthopedic Clinic, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Piergiorgio Gamba
- Department of Women and Children Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Bonvini
- Pediatric Solid Tumors Laboratory, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Sanja Aveic
- Neuroblastoma Laboratory, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
- Department of Dental Materials and Biomaterials Research, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Michela Pozzobon
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
- Department of Women and Children Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Joko R, Yamada D, Nakamura M, Yoshida A, Takihira S, Takao T, Lu M, Sato K, Ito T, Kunisada T, Nakata E, Ozaki T, Takarada T. PRRX1 promotes malignant properties in human osteosarcoma. Transl Oncol 2020; 14:100960. [PMID: 33395745 PMCID: PMC7726447 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PRRX1 is a poor-prognosis marker of human osteosarcoma. PRRX1 promotes proliferation, invasion, and drug resistance in human osteosarcoma. Forskolin was identified using RNA expression signatures of PRRX1 knockdown. Forskolin decreased proliferation and migration in human osteosarcoma.
Paired related homeobox 1 (PRRX1) is a marker of limb bud mesenchymal cells, and deficiency of p53 or Rb in Prrx1-positive cells induces osteosarcoma in several mouse models. However, the regulatory roles of PRRX1 in human osteosarcoma have not been defined. In this study, we performed PRRX1 immunostaining on 35 human osteosarcoma specimens to assess the correlation between PRRX1 level and overall survival. In patients with osteosarcoma, the expression level of PRRX1 positively correlated with poor prognosis or the ratio of lung metastasis. Additionally, we found PRRX1 expression on in 143B cells, a human osteosarcoma line with a high metastatic capacity. Downregulation of PRRX1 not only suppressed proliferation and invasion but also increased the sensitivity to cisplatin and doxorubicin. When 143B cells were subcutaneously transplanted into nude mice, PRRX1 knockdown decreased tumor sizes and rates of lung metastasis. Interestingly, forskolin, a chemical compound identified by Connectivity Map analysis using RNA expression signatures during PRRX1 knockdown, decreased tumor proliferation and cell migration to the same degree as PRRX1 knockdown. These results demonstrate that PRRX1 promotes tumor malignancy in human osteosarcoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryoji Joko
- Department of Regenerative Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; Department Orthopedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yamada
- Department of Regenerative Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakamura
- Precision Health, Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Aki Yoshida
- Department Orthopedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Shota Takihira
- Department of Regenerative Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; Department Orthopedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Tomoka Takao
- Department of Regenerative Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Ming Lu
- Department of Regenerative Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Kohei Sato
- Department Orthopedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Ito
- Department of Hygiene, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kunisada
- Department Orthopedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Eiji Nakata
- Department Orthopedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Ozaki
- Department Orthopedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Takeshi Takarada
- Department of Regenerative Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wen C, Wang H, Wang H, Mo H, Zhong W, Tang J, Lu Y, Zhou W, Tan A, Liu Y, Xie W. A three-gene signature based on tumour microenvironment predicts overall survival of osteosarcoma in adolescents and young adults. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 13:619-645. [PMID: 33281116 PMCID: PMC7835013 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Evidences shows that immune and stroma related genes in the tumour microenvironment (TME) play a key regulator in the prognosis of Osteosarcomas (OSs). The purpose of this study was to develop a TME-related risk model for assessing the prognosis of OSs. 82 OSs cases aged ≤25 years from TARGET were divided into two groups according to the immune/stromal scores that were analyzed by the Estimate algorithm. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two groups were analyzed and 122 DEGs were revealed. Finally, three genes (COCH, MYOM2 and PDE1B) with the minimum AIC value were derived from 122 DEGs by multivariate cox analysis. The three-gene risk model (3-GRM) could distinguish patients with high risk from the training (TARGET) and validation (GSE21257) cohort. Furthermore, a nomogram model included 3-GRM score and clinical features were developed, with the AUC values in predicting 1, 3 and 5-year survival were 0.971, 0.853 and 0.818, respectively. In addition, in the high 3-GRM score group, the enrichment degrees of infiltrating immune cells were significantly lower and immune-related pathways were markedly suppressed. In summary, this model may be used as a marker to predict survival for OSs patients in adolescent and young adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunkai Wen
- Department of Breast, Bone and Soft Tissue Oncology, the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.,Graduate School of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Hongxue Wang
- Department of Breast, Bone and Soft Tissue Oncology, the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Breast, Bone and Soft Tissue Oncology, the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Hao Mo
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor Surgery, the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Wuning Zhong
- Department of Breast, Bone and Soft Tissue Oncology, the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Jing Tang
- Department of Breast, Bone and Soft Tissue Oncology, the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yongkui Lu
- Department of Breast, Bone and Soft Tissue Oncology, the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Wenxian Zhou
- Department of Breast, Bone and Soft Tissue Oncology, the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Aihua Tan
- Department of Breast, Bone and Soft Tissue Oncology, the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Breast, Bone and Soft Tissue Oncology, the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Weimin Xie
- Department of Breast, Bone and Soft Tissue Oncology, the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Bone Microenvironment and Osteosarcoma Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21196985. [PMID: 32977425 PMCID: PMC7582690 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21196985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The bone microenvironment is an ideal fertile soil for both primary and secondary tumors to seed. The occurrence and development of osteosarcoma, as a primary bone tumor, is closely related to the bone microenvironment. Especially, the metastasis of osteosarcoma is the remaining challenge of therapy and poor prognosis. Increasing evidence focuses on the relationship between the bone microenvironment and osteosarcoma metastasis. Many elements exist in the bone microenvironment, such as acids, hypoxia, and chemokines, which have been verified to affect the progression and malignance of osteosarcoma through various signaling pathways. We thoroughly summarized all these regulators in the bone microenvironment and the transmission cascades, accordingly, attempting to furnish hints for inhibiting osteosarcoma metastasis via the amelioration of the bone microenvironment. In addition, analysis of the cross-talk between the bone microenvironment and osteosarcoma will help us to deeply understand the development of osteosarcoma. The cellular and molecular protagonists presented in the bone microenvironment promoting osteosarcoma metastasis will accelerate the exploration of novel therapeutic strategies towards osteosarcoma.
Collapse
|
25
|
Yang C, Zhang L, Huang H, Yuan X, Zhang P, Ye C, Wei M, Huang Y, Luo X, Luo J. Alantolactone inhibits proliferation, metastasis and promotes apoptosis of human osteosarcoma cells by suppressing Wnt/β-catenin and MAPKs signaling pathways. Genes Dis 2020; 9:466-478. [PMID: 35224161 PMCID: PMC8843874 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2020.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although there are many therapeutic strategies such as surgery and chemotherapy, the prognosis of osteosarcoma (OS) is still far from being satisfactory. It is urgent to develop more effective, tolerable and safe drugs for the treatment of OS. In the present study, we investigated the anti-OS activity of Alantolactone (ALT), a natural eucalyptone sesquiterpene lactone mainly exists in Inula helenium, and probed the possible mechanism involved. We demonstrated that ALT significantly inhibited cell proliferation of various human OS cell lines while had relative lower cytotoxicity against normal cells. Then, we validated that ALT reduced migration, decreased invasion possibly through reversing epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) process and suppressing Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Moreover, we confirmed that ALT promoted apoptosis and arrested cell cycle at G2/M phase of human OS cells in vitro. In addition, we confirmed that ALT restrained tumor growth and metastasis of OS 143 cells in a xenograft model in vivo. Mechanistically, ALT inhibited the activity of Wnt/β-catenin and p38, ERK1/2 and JNK Mitogen Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs) signal pathway. Notably, the combination of ALT and Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor, as well as the combination of ALT and MAPKs inhibitors resulted in a synergistically effect on inhibiting the proliferation, migration and invasion of OS cells. Collectively, our results validate the ALT may inhibit proliferation, metastasis and promotes apoptosis of human OS cells possibly through suppressing Wnt/β-Catenin and MAPKs signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Yang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Lulu Zhang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Huakun Huang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Yuan
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Ping Zhang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Caihong Ye
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Mengqi Wei
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Yanran Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400042, PR China
| | - Xiaoji Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400042, PR China
| | - Jinyong Luo
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
- Corresponding author. School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Saggioro M, D'Angelo E, Bisogno G, Agostini M, Pozzobon M. Carcinoma and Sarcoma Microenvironment at a Glance: Where We Are. Front Oncol 2020; 10:76. [PMID: 32195166 PMCID: PMC7063801 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) components represent the multifaceted and dynamic environment that distinguishes each organ. Cancer is characterized by the dysregulation of the composition and structure of the tissues, giving rise to the tumor milieu. In this review, we focus on the microenvironmental analysis of colorectal cancer (CRC) and rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), two different solid tumors. While a lot is known about CRC environment, for RMS, this aspect is mostly unexplored. Following the example of the more complete CRC microenvironmental characterization, we collected and organized data on RMS for a better awareness of how tissue remodeling affects disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Saggioro
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città Della Speranza, Padova, Italy.,Department of Women and Children Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Edoardo D'Angelo
- First Surgical Clinic, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,NanoInspired Biomedicine Lab, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy.,LIFELAB Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria-CORIS, Padova, Italy
| | - Gianni Bisogno
- Department of Women and Children Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Agostini
- First Surgical Clinic, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,NanoInspired Biomedicine Lab, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy.,LIFELAB Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria-CORIS, Padova, Italy
| | - Michela Pozzobon
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città Della Speranza, Padova, Italy.,Department of Women and Children Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Yang M, Wei W. SNHG16: A Novel Long-Non Coding RNA in Human Cancers. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:11679-11690. [PMID: 32021246 PMCID: PMC6942535 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s231630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have recently been considered as central regulators in diverse biological processes controlling tumorigenesis. Small nucleolar RNA host gene 16 (SNHG16) is an important tumor-associated lncRNA mainly involved in tumorigenesis and progression by competing with endogenous RNA (ceRNA) which sponges tumor-suppressive microRNA (miRNA), and by its recruitment mechanism. SNHG16 is overexpressed in tumor tissues and cell lines of different kinds of cancers, and its presence is associated with a poor clinical prognosis. Reviewing all publications about SNHG16 revealed that it plays a key role in the different hallmarks that define human cancer, including promoting proliferation, activating migration and invasion, inhibiting apoptosis, affecting lipid metabolism and chemoresistance. This review highlights the role that the aberrant expression of SNHG16 plays in the development and progression of cancer, and suggests that SNHG16 may function as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for human cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing100730, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenbin Wei
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing100730, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|