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Hosseini L, Babaie S, Shahabi P, Fekri K, Shafiee-Kandjani AR, Mafikandi V, Maghsoumi-Norouzabad L, Abolhasanpour N. Klotho: molecular mechanisms and emerging therapeutics in central nervous system diseases. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:913. [PMID: 39153108 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09862-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Klotho is recognized as an aging-suppressor protein that is implicated in a variety of processes and signaling pathways. The anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-oxidant, and anti-tumor bioactivities of klotho have extended its application in neurosciences and made the protein popular for its lifespan-extending capacity. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that klotho levels would reduce with aging and numerous pathologies, particularly those related to the central nervous system (CNS). Evidence supports the idea that klotho can be a key therapeutic target in CNS diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, stroke, and Alzheimer's disease. Reviewing the literature suggests that the upregulation of klotho expression regulates various signaling pathways related to autophagy, oxidative stress, inflammation, cognition, and ferroptosis in neurological disorders. Therefore, it has been of great interest to develop drugs or agents that boost or restore klotho levels. In this regard, the present review was designed and aimed to gather the delegated documents regarding the therapeutic potential of Klotho in CNS diseases focusing on the molecular and cellular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Hosseini
- Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Soraya Babaie
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parviz Shahabi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Kiarash Fekri
- Department of Paramedicine, Amol School of Paramedicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Preclinical Department, Amol Campus of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Shafiee-Kandjani
- Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vida Mafikandi
- Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Nasrin Abolhasanpour
- Research Center for Evidence‑Based Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Chiba D, Sasaki E, Ota S, Oyama T, Ishibashi H, Kimura Y, Nakaji S, Ishibashi Y. Lower bone mineral density can be a risk for an enlarging bone marrow lesion: A longitudinal cohort study of Japanese women without radiographic knee osteoarthritis. Mod Rheumatol 2023; 33:1044-1051. [PMID: 35919930 DOI: 10.1093/mr/roac079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim is to elucidate the relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) at baseline and the change of bone marrow lesion (BML) during a 2-year follow-up (2YFU) period. METHODS Seventy-eight female participants (mean age: 54.9 ± 9.6 years) without radiographic knee osteoarthritis were eligible. Based on right-knee magnetic resonance imaging, maximum BML area (BMLa) was calculated by tracing the BML border. The change in BMLa was defined using the following formula: [2YFU] - [Baseline] = ΔBMLa. Positive ΔBMLa was defined as enlarged; negative ΔBMLa was defined as regressed. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was performed to measure the BMD of distal radius. Young adult mean [YAM (%)] of the BMD was used for statistical analysis. Linear regression analysis was conducted with ΔBMLa as the dependent variable and YAM as the independent variable. Receiver operating characteristic curve and logistic regression analyses were conducted for YAM to predict the prevalence of BML enlargement or regression. RESULTS Twenty-six (33.3%) patients had enlarged BMLa, 12 (15.4%) participants showed regressing BMLa, and 40 (51.3%) patients remained stable. YAM was negatively associated with ΔBMLa (β: - 0.375, P = 0.046). The best predictor of BML enlargement risk was 85% (odds ratio: 8.383, P = 0.025). CONCLUSIONS Lower BMD could predict BML enlargement during a 2YFU period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Chiba
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Eiji Sasaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Seiya Ota
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Oyama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Hikaru Ishibashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Yuka Kimura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Nakaji
- Department of Social Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ishibashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
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Combined Therapy of Yishen Zhuanggu Decoction and Caltrate D600 Alleviates Postmenopausal Osteoporosis by Targeting FoxO3a and Activating the Wnt/ β-Catenin Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:7732508. [PMID: 35873637 PMCID: PMC9307327 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7732508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO) is the most prevalent metabolic bone disease in women. Yishen Zhuanggu (YSZG) decoction and Caltrate D600 reportedly affects bone formation. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and mechanism of YSZG decoction combined with Caltrate D600 in PMO treatment. Methods Ovariectomy-induced PMO rat model was treated with YSZG or/and Caltrate D600 for 12 weeks. Femur bone mineral density (BMD), osteoporosis-related protein expression, and serum parameters were measured. Pathological features of femur bone tissues were observed using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Serum levels of oxidative stress parameters were measured using corresponding commercial kits. The mRNA and protein expression of FoxO3a, Wnt, and β-catenin was detected using qRT-PCR and western blotting. Results The BMD and ultimate load of PMO rats were increased after treatment with YSZG. YSZG treatment promoted the bone trabeculae formation of PMO rats. YSZG treatment also induced bone differentiation and suppress oxidative stress in PMO rats, evidenced by the increased BALP, Runx2, OPG, SOD, and CAT levels, as well as the decreased TRACP 5b, RANKL, ROS, and MDA levels. Additionally, YSZG treatment downregulated the FoxO3a expression and upregulated the levels of Wnt and β-catenin in PMO rats. Caltrate D600 addition showed an auxiliary effect for YSZG. Conclusion YSZG decoction exerts the antiosteoporotic effect on PMO by restraining the FoxO3a expression and activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which has an impressive synergistic effect with Caltrate D600.
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Chen F, Wang Y, Guo Y, Wang J, Yang A, Lv Q, Liu Y, Ma G, Liu Y, Wang D. Specific higher levels of serum uric acid might have a protective effect on bone mineral density within a Chinese population over 60 years old: a cross-sectional study from northeast China. Clin Interv Aging 2019; 14:1065-1073. [PMID: 31354250 PMCID: PMC6572710 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s186500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objective: Oxidative stress has been demonstrated to be a mechanism that leads to bone mass reduction, and according to many studies, serum uric acid (UA) is a strong endogenous antioxidant that can protect bone mineral density (BMD). To date, there have been no large-scale, cross-sectional studies based on the population in northeast China to assess the relationship between serum UA and BMD. Therefore, we examined the association between serum UA and BMD among a Chinese population older than 60 years old in northeast China. Methods: This research was a cross-sectional study of 3465 Chinese individuals over 60 years old in nine communities from the city of Shenyang, which is the capital of northeast China’s Liaoning Province. Participants were stratified into three groups by serum UA or BMD levels, and then Pearson’s correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were used to study the relationship between serum UA and BMD. Results: We found that participants with higher serum UA levels had significantly greater BMD and T-values compared to those of participants with lower serum UA levels. After adjusting for confounding factors, Pearson’s correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis showed that higher serum UA levels remained associated with higher BMD levels (P<0.05). In different models, the prevalence of osteoporosis (OP) among participants with higher serum UA levels was reduced by 23% to 26% (P<0.05) compared to that in individuals with lower serum UA levels. In addition, serum UA levels were negatively correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and positively correlated with 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 [25-(OH)D3] (P<0.05). Conclusion: We concluded that higher serum UA levels are associated with greater BMD, and serum UA might have a protective effect on bone metabolism due to its antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingfang Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiabei Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Aolin Yang
- Department of Nutrition, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Lv
- Department of Nutrition, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixuan Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Guojing Ma
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Difei Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People's Republic of China
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Ou L, Wei P, Li M, Gao F. Inhibitory effect of Astragalus polysaccharide on osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats by regulating FoxO3a /Wnt signaling pathway. Acta Cir Bras 2019; 34:e201900502. [PMID: 31166463 PMCID: PMC6583917 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020190050000002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate inhibitory effect of Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) on osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats by regulating FoxO3a/Wnt2 signaling pathway. Methods: Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) animal model was developed by excising the bilateral ovaries of rats. The model rats were administered with APS (200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg, 800 mg/kg) by intragastric administration once daily for 12 weeks. Bone density, bone metabolism index and oxidative stress index were measured in all groups. Furthermore, the regulation of APS of FoxO3a / Wnt2 signaling pathway was observed. Results: APS has an estrogen-like effect, which can increase bone mass, lower serum ALP and BGP values, increase blood calcium content, and increase bone density of the femur and vertebrae in rats. At the same time, APS can increase the bone mineral content of the femur, increase the maximum stress, maximum load and elastic modulus of the ovariectomized rats, improve oxidative stress in rats by increasing the gene expression of β-catenin and Wnt2 mRNA and inhibiting the gene expression of FoxO3a mRNA. Conclusion: Astragalus polysaccharide can effectively alleviate oxidative stress-mediated osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats, which may be related to its regulation of FoxO3a/Wnt2/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ou
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Peifeng Wei
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
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Peng J, Huang N, Huang S, Li L, Ling Z, Jin S, Huang A, Lin K, Zou X. [Effect of miR-21 down-regulated by H 2O 2 on osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells]. ZHONGGUO XIU FU CHONG JIAN WAI KE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO XIUFU CHONGJIAN WAIKE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF REPARATIVE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 2018; 32:276-284. [PMID: 29806275 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.201707030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Objective To explore the effect and mechanism of miR-21 down-regulated which was induced by H 2O 2 on osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. Methods MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured and passaged, and the 7th generation cells were harvested to use in experiment. The MC3T3-E1 cells were treated with different concentrations (0, 40, 80, 160, and 320 μmol/L) of H 2O 2. The expression of miR-21 was detected by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) and the cell viability was determined by MTS. Then the appropriate concentration of H 2O 2 was obtained. To analyze the effect of H 2O 2 on osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells, the MC3T3-E1 cells were divided into blank control group (group A), H 2O 2 group (group B), osteogenic induction group (group C), and H 2O 2+osteogenic induction group (group D). The expression of miR-21 and the osteogenesis related genes expressions of Runx2, osteopontin (OPN), and collagen type Ⅰ alpha 1 (Col1a1) were detected by RT-PCR. The expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) was detected by Western blot. The extracellular calcium deposition was detected by alizarin red staining. To analyze the effect on osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells after the transfection of miR-21 inhibitor and siRNA-PTEN, the MC3T3-E1 cells were divided into H 2O 2 group (group A1), H 2O 2+osteogenic induction group (group B1), H 2O 2+osteogenic induction+miR-21 inhibitor group (group C1), and H 2O 2+osteogenic induction+miR-21 inhibitor negative control group (group D1); and H 2O 2 group (group A2), H 2O 2+osteogenic induction group (group B2), H 2O 2+osteogenic induction+siRNA-PTEN negative control group (group C2), and H 2O 2+osteogenic induction+siRNA-PTEN group (group D2). The osteogenesis related genes were detected by RT-PCR and the extracellular calcium deposition was detected by alizarin red staining. Results The results of MTS and RT-PCR showed that the appropriate concentration of H 2O 2 was 160 μmol/L. The expression of miR-21 was significantly lower in group B than in group A at 1 and 2 weeks ( P<0.05). The expression of miR-21 was significantly lower in group D than in group C at 1 and 2 weeks ( P<0.05). The expression of PTEN protein was significantly lower in group C than in groups A and D ( P<0.05). The mRNA expressions of Runx2, OPN, and Col1a1 were significantly lower in group D than in group C at 1 and 2 weeks ( P<0.05). The extracellular calcium deposition in group D was obviously less than that in group C. The expression of PTEN protein was significantly higher in group C1 than in group D1 ( P<0.05). The mRNA expressions of Runx2 and OPN were significantly lower in group C1 than in groups B1 and D1 at 1 and 2 weeks ( P<0.05). The mRNA expression of Col1a1 was significantly lower in group C1 than in groups B1 and D1 at 2 weeks ( P<0.05). The extracellular calcium deposition in group C1 was obviously less than those in groups B1 and D1. The mRNA expressions of OPN and Col1a1 were significantly higher in group D2 than in groups B2 and C2 at 1 week ( P<0.05). The extracellular calcium deposition in group D2 was obviously more than those in groups B2 and C2. Conclusion H 2O 2 inhibits the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells, which may be induced by down-regulating the expression of miR-21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiang Peng
- Department of Spine Surgery, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen Guangdong, 518033, P.R.China
| | | | - Sheng Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang Jiangxi, 330006, P.R.China
| | - Liangping Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Department of Spine Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou Guangdong, 510080, P.R.China
| | - Zemin Ling
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Department of Spine Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou Guangdong, 510080, P.R.China
| | - Song Jin
- Department of Spine Surgery, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen Guangdong, 518033, P.R.China
| | - Aijun Huang
- Department of Spine Surgery, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen Guangdong, 518033, P.R.China
| | - Kun Lin
- Department of Spine Surgery, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen Guangdong, 518033, P.R.China
| | - Xuenong Zou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Department of Spine Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou Guangdong, 510080,
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From Oxidative Stress Damage to Pathways, Networks, and Autophagy via MicroRNAs. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:4968321. [PMID: 29849898 PMCID: PMC5932428 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4968321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress can alter the expression level of many microRNAs (miRNAs), but how these changes are integrated and related to oxidative stress responses is poorly understood. In this article, we addressed this question by using in silico tools. We reviewed the literature for miRNAs whose expression is altered upon oxidative stress damage and used them in combination with various databases and software to predict common gene targets of oxidative stress-modulated miRNAs and affected pathways. Furthermore, we identified miRNAs that simultaneously target the predicted oxidative stress-modulated miRNA gene targets. This generated a list of novel candidate miRNAs potentially involved in oxidative stress responses. By literature search and grouping of pathways and cellular responses, we could classify these candidate miRNAs and their targets into a larger scheme related to oxidative stress responses. To further exemplify the potential of our approach in free radical research, we used our explorative tools in combination with ingenuity pathway analysis to successfully identify new candidate miRNAs involved in the ubiquitination process, a master regulator of cellular responses to oxidative stress and proteostasis. Lastly, we demonstrate that our approach may also be useful to identify novel candidate connections between oxidative stress-related miRNAs and autophagy. In summary, our results indicate novel and important aspects with regard to the integrated biological roles of oxidative stress-modulated miRNAs and demonstrate how this type of in silico approach can be useful as a starting point to generate hypotheses and guide further research on the interrelation between miRNA-based gene regulation, oxidative stress signaling pathways, and autophagy.
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Pandey A, Midha S, Sharma RK, Maurya R, Nigam VK, Ghosh S, Balani K. Antioxidant and antibacterial hydroxyapatite-based biocomposite for orthopedic applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 88:13-24. [PMID: 29636127 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Post-implantation, vicinity acquired oxidative stress and bacterial infections lead to apoptosis with eventual bone-resorption and implant failure, respectively. Thus, in order to combat aforementioned complications, present research aims in utilizing antioxidant ceria (CeO2) and antibacterial silver (Ag) reinforced hydroxyapatite (HA) composite with enhanced mechanical and cytocompatible properties. Highly dense (>90%) spark plasma sintered HA-based composites elicits enhanced elastic modulus (121-133 GPa) in comparison to that of HA. The antioxidant activity is quantified using ceria alone, wherein HA-ceria and HA-ceria-Ag pellets exhibits ~36 and 30% antioxidant activity, respectively, accrediting ceria as a scavenger of reactive oxygen species, which was corroborated with the % Ce3+ change quantified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The HA-Ag pellet shows antibacterial efficacy of ~61% for E. coli and ~53% for S. aureus, while a reduction of ~59% for E. coli and ~50% for S. aureus is observed for HA-ceria-2.5Ag pellet, affirming Ag reinforcement as an established bactericidal agent. The enhanced hydrophobicity on all the HA-based composites affords a high protein adsorption (24 h incubation). Further, elevated hFOB cell count (~6.7 times for HA-ceria-Ag on day 7) with filopodial extensions (60-150 μm) and matrix-like deposition reflect cell-substrate intimacy. Thus, synergistic antioxidant ceria and antibacterial Ag reinforcement with enhanced mechanical integrity can potentially serve as cytocompatible porous bone scaffolds or bioactive coatings on femoral stems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Pandey
- Biomaterials Processing and Characterization Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Swati Midha
- Department of Textile Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Rajeev Kumar Sharma
- Biomaterials Processing and Characterization Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rita Maurya
- Biomaterials Processing and Characterization Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vinod Kumar Nigam
- Department of Bio-Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835 215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Sourabh Ghosh
- Department of Textile Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India.
| | - Kantesh Balani
- Biomaterials Processing and Characterization Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Kaushal N, Vohora D, Jalali RK, Jha S. Raised serum uric acid is associated with higher bone mineral density in a cross-sectional study of a healthy Indian population. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2018; 14:75-82. [PMID: 29379298 PMCID: PMC5759848 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s147696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Oxidative stress has been implicated as a fundamental mechanism in the decline of bone mass. Reactive oxygen species are reported to suppress osteoblast generation and differentiation and enhance osteoclast development and activity. Increasing evidence suggests favorable effect of serum uric acid (UA) on bone metabolism due to its antioxidant properties. Therefore, we investigated the association between serum UA levels and bone mineral density (BMD) in healthy adult Indian subjects. Materials and methods We reviewed the medical records of 524 subjects who had undergone preventive health check-ups in a tertiary care hospital that included UA and BMD measurements at femur neck, total femur, and lumbar spine. Subjects concomitantly taking drugs or having a medical condition that would affect the bone metabolism or UA levels were excluded. Results The final analysis included 310 subjects (mean age: 47.2±12.2 years; females: 43.5%; males: 56.5%). Study population was categorized into two groups based on the group median value for UA (ie, 5.4 mg/dL). BMD was significantly higher at all skeletal sites in subjects with UA >5.4 mg/dL compared to subjects with UA ≤5.4 mg/dL (p<0.001). On correlation analysis, UA was positively associated with BMD at all skeletal sites (r=0.211–0.277; p<0.05). The correlation remained significant after controlling for age (p<0.05) and lifestyle factors (smoking, alcohol use, physical activity, and diet; p<0.05) independently. UA significantly (p<0.001) accounted for 4.5%–7.7% of the variance in BMD (r2=0.045–0.077) in unadjusted model and 1.6%–3.2% of the variance (p<0.05) when adjusted for age and body mass index combined at lumbar spine and right femur neck, respectively. Conclusion We conclude that raised UA levels are associated with higher BMD at all skeletal sites and UA may have a protective role in bone metabolism owing to its antioxidant effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Kaushal
- Pharmaceutical Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi
| | - Divya Vohora
- Pharmaceutical Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi
| | - Rajinder K Jalali
- Medical Affairs and Clinical Research, Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Limited, Gurgaon
| | - Sujeet Jha
- Institute of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Max Healthcare Inst. Ltd, New Delhi, India
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Kanzaki H, Wada S, Narimiya T, Yamaguchi Y, Katsumata Y, Itohiya K, Fukaya S, Miyamoto Y, Nakamura Y. Pathways that Regulate ROS Scavenging Enzymes, and Their Role in Defense Against Tissue Destruction in Periodontitis. Front Physiol 2017; 8:351. [PMID: 28611683 PMCID: PMC5447763 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis, an inflammatory disease that affects the tissues surrounding the teeth, is a common disease worldwide. It is caused by a dysregulation of the host inflammatory response to bacterial infection, which leads to soft and hard tissue destruction. In particular, it is the excessive inflammation in response to bacterial plaque that leads to the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from neutrophils, which, then play a critical role in the destruction of periodontal tissue. Generally, ROS produced from immune cells exhibit an anti-bacterial effect and play a role in host defense and immune regulation. Excessive ROS, however, can exert cytotoxic effects, cause oxidative damage to proteins, and DNA, can interfere with cell growth and cell cycle progression, and induce apoptosis of gingival fibroblasts. Collectively, these effects enable ROS to directly induce periodontal tissue damage. Some ROS also act as intracellular signaling molecules during osteoclastogenesis, and can thus also play an indirect role in bone destruction. Cells have several protective mechanisms to manage such oxidative stress, most of which involve production of cytoprotective enzymes that scavenge ROS. These enzymes are transcriptionally regulated via NRF2, Sirtuin, and FOXO. Some reports indicate an association between periodontitis and these cytoprotective enzymes' regulatory axes, with superoxide dismutase (SOD) the most extensively investigated. In this review article, we discuss the role of oxidative stress in the tissue destruction manifest in periodontitis, and the mechanisms that protect against this oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kanzaki
- Maxillo-Oral Disorders, Tohoku University HospitalSendai, Japan.,Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi UniversityYokohama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Wada
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi UniversityYokohama, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Narimiya
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi UniversityYokohama, Japan
| | - Yuuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi UniversityYokohama, Japan
| | - Yuta Katsumata
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi UniversityYokohama, Japan
| | - Kanako Itohiya
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi UniversityYokohama, Japan
| | - Sari Fukaya
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi UniversityYokohama, Japan
| | - Yutaka Miyamoto
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi UniversityYokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Nakamura
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi UniversityYokohama, Japan
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Li L, Qi Q, Luo J, Huang S, Ling Z, Gao M, Zhou Z, Stiehler M, Zou X. FOXO1-suppressed miR-424 regulates the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of MSCs by targeting FGF2 under oxidative stress. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42331. [PMID: 28186136 PMCID: PMC5301230 DOI: 10.1038/srep42331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified as key regulators of the proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Our previous in vivo study and other in vitro studies using miRNA microarrays suggest that miR-424 is involved in the regulation of bone formation. However, the role and mechanism of miR-424 in bone formation still remain unknown. Here, we identified that the downregulation of miR-424 mediates bone formation under oxidative stress, and we explored its underlying mechanism. Our results showed that miR-424 was significantly downregulated in an anterior lumbar interbody fusion model of pigs and in a cell model of oxidative stress induced by H2O2. The overexpression of miR-424 inhibited proliferation and osteogenic differentiation shown by a decrease in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization and osteogenic markers, including RUNX2 and ALP, whereas the knockdown of miR-424 led to the opposite results. Moreover, miR-424 exerts its effects by targeting FGF2. Furthermore, we found that FOXO1 suppressed miR-424 expression and bound to its promoter region. FOXO1 enhanced proliferation and osteogenic differentiation in part through the miR-424/FGF2 pathway. These results indicated that FOXO1-suppressed miR-424 regulates both the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of MSCs via targeting FGF2, suggesting that miR-424 might be a potential novel therapeutic strategy for promoting bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangping Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Orthopaedic Research Institute /Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P R China.,Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Medical Faculty and University Centre for Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01307, Germany
| | - Qihua Qi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Orthopaedic Research Institute /Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P R China
| | - Jiaquan Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Orthopaedic Research Institute /Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P R China
| | - Sheng Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Orthopaedic Research Institute /Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P R China
| | - Zemin Ling
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Orthopaedic Research Institute /Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P R China
| | - Manman Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Orthopaedic Research Institute /Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P R China
| | - Zhiyu Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Orthopaedic Research Institute /Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P R China
| | - Maik Stiehler
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Medical Faculty and University Centre for Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01307, Germany
| | - Xuenong Zou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Orthopaedic Research Institute /Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P R China
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Abstract
It is now well established that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a dual role as both deleterious and beneficial species. In fact, ROS act as secondary messengers in intracellular signalling cascades; however, they can also induce cellular senescence and apoptosis. Aging is an intricate phenomenon characterized by a progressive decline in physiological functions and an increase in mortality, which is often accompanied by many pathological diseases. ROS are involved in age-associated damage to macromolecules, and this may cause derangement in ROS-mediated cell signalling, resulting in stress and diseases. Moreover, the role of oxidative stress in age-related sarcopenia provides strong evidence for the important contribution of physical activity to limit this process. Regular physical activity is considered a preventive measure against oxidative stress-related diseases. The aim of this review is to summarize the currently available studies investigating the effects of chronic and/or acute physical exercise on the oxidative stress process in healthy elderly subjects. Although studies on oxidative stress and physical activity are limited, the available information shows that acute exercise increases ROS production and oxidative stress damage in older adults, whereas chronic exercise could protect elderly subjects from oxidative stress damage and reinforce their antioxidant defences. The available studies reveal that to promote beneficial effects of physical activity on oxidative stress, elderly subjects require moderate-intensity training rather than high-intensity exercise.
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Park SY, Kim SH, Yoon HK, Yim CH, Lim SK. The Role of Nuclear Factor-E2-Related Factor 1 in the Oxidative Stress Response in MC3T3-E1 Osteoblastic Cells. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2016; 31:336-42. [PMID: 27118276 PMCID: PMC4923419 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2016.31.2.336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants are associated with maintenance of cellular function and metabolism. Nuclear factor-E2-related factor 1 (NFE2L1, Nrf1) is known to regulate the expression of a number of genes involved in oxidative stress and inflammation. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of NFE2L1 on the response to oxidative stress in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. METHODS The murine calvaria-derived MC3T3-E1 cell line was exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for oxidative stress induction. NFE2L1 effects were evaluated using small interfering RNA (siRNA) for NFE2L1 mRNA. ROS generation and the levels of known antioxidant enzyme genes were assayed. RESULTS NFE2L1 expression was significantly increased 2.4-fold compared to the control group at 10 μg/mL LPS in MC3T3-E1 cells (P<0.05). LPS increased formation of intracellular ROS in MC3T3-E1 cells. NFE2L1 knockdown led to an additional increase of ROS (20%) in the group transfected with NFE2L1 siRNA compared with the control group under LPS stimulation (P<0.05). RNA interference of NFE2L1 suppressed the expression of antioxidant genes including metallothionein 2, glutamatecysteine ligase catalytic subunit, and glutathione peroxidase 1 in LPS-treated MC3T3-E1 cells. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that NFE2L1 may have a distinct role in the regulation of antioxidant enzymes under inflammation-induced oxidative stress in MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Young Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cheil General Hospital & Women's Healthcare Center, Dankook University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cheil General Hospital & Women's Healthcare Center, Dankook University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Koo Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cheil General Hospital & Women's Healthcare Center, Dankook University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Yim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cheil General Hospital & Women's Healthcare Center, Dankook University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Kil Lim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Elevated Serum Uric Acid Is Associated with Greater Bone Mineral Density and Skeletal Muscle Mass in Middle-Aged and Older Adults. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154692. [PMID: 27144737 PMCID: PMC4856375 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objective Previous studies have suggested a positive link between serum uric acid (UA) and bone mineral density (BMD). In this study, we re-examined the association between UA and BMD and further explored whether this was mediated by skeletal muscle mass in a general Chinese population. Method This community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 3079 (963 men and 2116 women) Chinese adults aged 40–75 years. Face-to-face interviews and laboratory analyses were performed to determine serum UA and various covariates. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to assess the BMD and appendicular skeletal muscle mass. The skeletal muscle mass index (SMI = ASM/Height2, kg/m2) for the total limbs, arms, and legs was then calculated. Results The serum UA was graded and, in general, was significantly and positively associated with the BMD and muscle mass, after adjustment for multiple covariates in the total sample. Compared with participants in lowest quartile of UA, those participants in highest quartile showed a 2.3%(whole body), 4.1%(lumbar spine), 2.4%(total hip), and 2.0% (femoral neck) greater BMDs. The mean SMIs in the highest (vs. lowest) quartile increased by 2.7% (total), 2.5% (arm), 2.7% (leg) respectively. In addition, path analysis suggested that the favorable association between UA and BMD might be mediated by increasing SMI. Conclusion The elevated serum UA was associated with a higher BMD and a greater muscle mass in a middle-aged and elderly Chinese population and the UA-BMD association was partly mediated by muscle mass.
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15
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Dahle MK, Wessel Ø, Timmerhaus G, Nyman IB, Jørgensen SM, Rimstad E, Krasnov A. Transcriptome analyses of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) erythrocytes infected with piscine orthoreovirus (PRV). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 45:780-790. [PMID: 26057463 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI) is a widespread disease of farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) and is associated with piscine orthoreovirus (PRV) infection. PRV is detectable in blood long before development of pathology in cardiac- and skeletal muscle appear, and erythrocytes have been identified as important target cells for the virus. The effects of PRV infection on cellular processes of erythrocytes are not known, but haemolytic anemia or systemic lysis of erythrocytes does not seem to occur, even with high virus loads in erythrocytes. In this study, gene expression profiling performed with high-density oligonucleotide microarray showed that PRV infection of erythrocytes induced a large panel of virus responsive genes. These involved interferon-regulated antiviral genes, as well as genes involved in antigen presentation via MHC class I. PRV infection also stimulated negative immune regulators. In contrast, a large number of immune genes expressed prior to infection were down-regulated. Moderate reduction of expression was also found for many genes encoding components of cytoskeleton and myofiber, proteins involved in metabolism, ion exchange, cell-cell interactions as well as growth factors and regulators of differentiation. PRV did not affect expression of genes involved in heme biosynthesis, gas exchange or erythrocyte-specific markers, but some regulators of erythropoiesis showed decreased transcription levels. These results indicate that PRV infection activates innate antiviral immunity in salmon erythrocytes, but suppresses other gene expression programs. Gene expression profiles suggest major phenotypic changes in PRV infected erythrocytes, but the functional consequences remain to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Øystein Wessel
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gerrit Timmerhaus
- Nofima AS, Norwegian Institutes of Food, Fisheries & Aquaculture Research, Ås, Norway
| | - Ingvild Berg Nyman
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sven Martin Jørgensen
- Nofima AS, Norwegian Institutes of Food, Fisheries & Aquaculture Research, Ås, Norway
| | - Espen Rimstad
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Aleksei Krasnov
- Nofima AS, Norwegian Institutes of Food, Fisheries & Aquaculture Research, Ås, Norway.
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16
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Sheridan R, Belludi C, Khoury J, Stanek J, Handwerger S. FOXO1 expression in villous trophoblast of preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction placentas. Histol Histopathol 2014; 30:213-22. [PMID: 25202916 DOI: 10.14670/hh-30.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and increased apoptosis are implicated in the pathogenesis of many disorders of pregnancy, including preeclampsia (PE) and fetal growth restriction (FGR). Since the transcription factor FOXO1 (forkhead box protein O1) is implicated in the regulation of a variety of cellular processes, including resistance to oxidative stress, apoptosis and morphogenesis of the placenta, we examined whether FOXO1 expression is abnormal in placentas from patients with PE or FGR. Paracentral sections from grossly unremarkable areas of 9 or 10 placentas each from early third trimester patients (31.7±5.0 weeks) with mild PE, severe PE, FGR and a gestational age-matched comparison group (GA controls) were double immunostained for FOXO1 and E-cadherin, the latter distinguishing villous cytotrophoblast cells (CTB) from syncytiotrophoblast (STB). The numbers of FOXO1-positive and FOXO1 negative STB and CTB nuclei were determined on ten 20x objective fields of each placenta section by three observers who were blinded to the clinical outcome. The results were evaluated by a generalized linear mixed model. In mild PE, FOXO1-positive STB nuclei were significantly decreased in number and FOXO1-negative STB nuclei were increased as compared to GA controls. However, the number of FOXO1-positive and FOXO1-negative CTB nuclei were not significantly changes as compared to GA controls. In severe PE and FGR, the numbers of FOXO-positive and FOXO1-negative STB and CTB were not statistically different from GA controls. Since FOXO1 is critical for placental cellular morphogenesis, abnormal FOXO1 expression may contribute in part to the abnormal trophoblast differentiation in mild PE. The differences in FOXO1 expression in mild and severe PE are consistent with other studies suggesting that the two forms of PE are different disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Sheridan
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati Medical College, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Chethan Belludi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical College, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jane Khoury
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jerzy Stanek
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati Medical College, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Stuart Handwerger
- Department of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Medical Center3, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
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17
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Yang X, Jin L, Yao L, Shen FH, Shimer AL, Li X. Antioxidative nanofullerol prevents intervertebral disk degeneration. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:2419-30. [PMID: 24876775 PMCID: PMC4035310 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s60853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Compelling evidence suggests that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a pivotal role in disk degeneration. Fullerol nanoparticles prepared in aqueous solution have been demonstrated to have outstanding ability to scavenge ROS. In this report, in vitro and in vivo models were used to study the efficacy of fullerol in preventing disk degeneration. For in vitro experiments, a pro-oxidant H2O2 or an inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1β was employed to induce degenerated phenotypes in human nucleus pulposus cells encapsulated in alginate beads, and fullerol was added in the culture medium. For the animal study, an annulus-puncture model with rabbit was created, and fullerol was injected into disks. It was shown that cytotoxicity and cellular ROS level induced by H2O2 were significantly diminished by fullerol. IL-1β-induced nitric oxide generation in culture medium was suppressed by fullerol as well. Gene-profile and biochemical assays showed that fullerol effectively reversed the matrix degradation caused by either H2O2 or IL-1β. The animal study delineated that intradiskal injection of fullerol prevented disk degeneration, increasing water and proteoglycan content and inhibiting ectopic bone formation. These results suggest that antioxidative fullerol may have a potential therapeutic application for disk degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlin Yang
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Li Jin
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Lu Yao
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China ; Research Institute of Beijing Tongrentang Co., Ltd, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Francis H Shen
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Adam L Shimer
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Xudong Li
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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18
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Iwaniec UT, Turner RT, Smith BJ, Stoecker BJ, Rust A, Zhang B, Vasu VT, Gohil K, Cross CE, Traber MG. Evaluation of long-term vitamin E insufficiency or excess on bone mass, density, and microarchitecture in rodents. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:1209-1214. [PMID: 24051180 PMCID: PMC3859709 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
High dietary α-tocopherol levels reportedly result in osteopenia in growing rats, whereas α-tocopherol deficiency in α-tocopherol transfer protein-knockout (α-TTP-KO) mice results in increased cancellous bone mass. Because osteoporosis is a disease associated primarily with aging, we hypothesized that age-related bone loss would be attenuated in α-TTP-KO mice. Cancellous and cortical bone mass and microarchitecture were assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and micro-computed tomography in 2-year-old α-TTP-KO and wild-type (WT) male and female mice fed dl-α-tocopherol acetate. In contrast to our expectations, differences in cancellous bone were not detected between WT and α-TTP-KO mice of either gender, and α-TTP-KO males had lower (p<0.05) cortical bone mass than WT males. We therefore evaluated bone mass, density, and microarchitecture in proximal femur of skeletally mature (8.5-month-old) male Sprague-Dawley rats fed diets containing low (15 IU/kg diet), adequate (75 IU/kg diet), or high (500 IU/kg diet) dl-α-tocopherol acetate for 13 weeks. Low dietary α-tocopherol did not increase bone mass. Furthermore, no reductions in cancellous or cortical bone mass were detected with high dietary α-tocopherol. Failure to detect increased bone mass in aged α-TTP-KO mice or bone changes in skeletally mature rats fed either low or high levels of α-tocopherol does not support the hypothesis that α-tocopherol has a negative impact on bone mass, density, or microarchitecture in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula T Iwaniec
- Skeletal Biology Laboratory, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Center for Healthy Aging Research, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Russell T Turner
- Skeletal Biology Laboratory, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Center for Healthy Aging Research, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Brenda J Smith
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Barbara J Stoecker
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Allison Rust
- Skeletal Biology Laboratory, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Bo Zhang
- Biostatistics Core, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Vihas T Vasu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Genome and Biomedical Sciences Facility, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kishorchandra Gohil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Genome and Biomedical Sciences Facility, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Carroll E Cross
- Department of Internal Medicine, Genome and Biomedical Sciences Facility, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Maret G Traber
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
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A new insight to bone turnover: role of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:589641. [PMID: 24302863 PMCID: PMC3834626 DOI: 10.1155/2013/589641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Evidence has shown that long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA), especially the ω-3 fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are beneficial for bone health and turnover. Objectives. This review summarizes findings from both in vivo and in vitro studies and the effects of LC PUFA on bone metabolism, as well as the relationship with the oxidative stress, the inflammatory process, and obesity. Results. Some studies in humans indicate that LCPUFA can increase bone formation, affect peak bone mass in adolescents, and reduce bone loss. However, the cellular mechanisms of action of the LCPUFA are complex and involve modulation of fatty acid metabolites such as prostaglandins, resolvins and protectins, several signaling pathways, cytokines, and growth factors, although in certain aspects there is still some controversy. LCPUFA affect receptor activator of nuclear factor κβ (RANK), a receptor found on the osteoclast, causing bone resorption, which controls osteoclast formation. Conclusions. Since fatty acids are an endogenous source of reactive oxygen species, free radicals alter the process of bone turnover; however, although there are clinical evidences linking bone metabolism and dietary lipids, more clinical trials are necessary to prove whether ω-3 PUFA supplementation plays a major role in bone health.
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20
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Filaire E, Dupuis C, Galvaing G, Aubreton S, Laurent H, Richard R, Filaire M. Lung cancer: what are the links with oxidative stress, physical activity and nutrition. Lung Cancer 2013; 82:383-9. [PMID: 24161719 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2013.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress appears to play an essential role as a secondary messenger in the normal regulation of a variety of physiological processes, such as apoptosis, survival, and proliferative signaling pathways. Oxidative stress also plays important roles in the pathogenesis of many diseases, including aging, degenerative disease, and cancer. Among cancers, lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer in the Western world. Lung cancer is the commonest fatal cancer whose risk is dependent on the number of cigarettes smoked per day as well as the number of years smoking, some components of cigarette smoke inducing oxidative stress by transmitting or generating oxidative stress. It can be subdivided into two broad categories, small cell lung cancer and non-small-cell lung cancer, the latter is the most common type. Distinct measures of primary and secondary prevention have been investigated to reduce the risk of morbidity and mortality caused by lung cancer. Among them, it seems that physical activity and nutrition have some beneficial effects. However, physical activity can have different influences on carcinogenesis, depending on energy supply, strength and frequency of exercise loads as well as the degree of exercise-mediated oxidative stress. Micronutrient supplementation seems to have a positive impact in lung surgery, particularly as an antioxidant, even if the role of micronutrients in lung cancer remains controversial. The purpose of this review is to examine lung cancer in relation to oxidative stress, physical activity, and nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Filaire
- Laboratoire CIAMS, EA4532, Université Paris-Sud, Université Orléans, UFRSTAPS, 2 allée du Château, 45067 Orleans, France
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DiGirolamo DJ, Kiel DP, Esser KA. Bone and skeletal muscle: neighbors with close ties. J Bone Miner Res 2013; 28:1509-18. [PMID: 23630111 PMCID: PMC4892934 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.1969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Revised: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The musculoskeletal system evolved in mammals to perform diverse functions that include locomotion, facilitating breathing, protecting internal organs, and coordinating global energy expenditure. Bone and skeletal muscles involved with locomotion are both derived from somitic mesoderm and accumulate peak tissue mass synchronously, according to genetic information and environmental stimuli. Aging results in the progressive and parallel loss of bone (osteopenia) and skeletal muscle (sarcopenia) with profound consequences for quality of life. Age-associated sarcopenia results in reduced endurance, poor balance, and reduced mobility that predispose elderly individuals to falls, which more frequently result in fracture because of concomitant osteoporosis. Thus, a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the parallel development and involution of these tissues is critical to developing new and more effective means to combat osteoporosis and sarcopenia in our increasingly aged population. This perspective highlights recent advances in our understanding of mechanisms coupling bone and skeletal muscle mass, and identify critical areas where further work is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas J DiGirolamo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287‐0882, USA.
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22
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Bonnelye E, Aubin JE. An energetic orphan in an endocrine tissue: a revised perspective of the function of estrogen receptor-related receptor alpha in bone and cartilage. J Bone Miner Res 2013; 28:225-33. [PMID: 23212690 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.1836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Revised: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor-related receptor alpha (ERRα) is an orphan nuclear receptor with sequence homology to the estrogen receptors, ERα/β, but it does not bind estrogen. ERRα not only plays a functional role in osteoblasts but also in osteoclasts and chondrocytes. In addition, the ERRs, including ERRα, can be activated by coactivators such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1 (PGC1α and β) and are implicated in adipogenesis, fatty acid oxidation, and oxidative stress defense, suggesting that ERRα-through its activity in bone resorption and adipogenesis--may regulate the insulin and leptin pathways and contribute to aging-related changes in bone and cartilage. In this review, we discuss data on ERRα and its cellular and molecular modes of action, which have broad implications for considering the potential role of this orphan receptor in cartilage and bone endocrine function, on whole-organism physiology, and in the bone aging process.
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Systems-level analysis of genome-wide association data. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2013; 3:119-29. [PMID: 23316444 PMCID: PMC3538337 DOI: 10.1534/g3.112.004788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have emerged as the method of choice for identifying common variants affecting complex disease. In a GWAS, particular attention is placed, for obvious reasons, on single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that exceed stringent genome-wide significance thresholds. However, it is expected that many SNPs with only nominal evidence of association (e.g., P < 0.05) truly influence disease. Efforts to extract additional biological information from entire GWAS datasets have primarily focused on pathway-enrichment analyses. However, these methods suffer from a number of limitations and typically fail to lead to testable hypotheses. To evaluate alternative approaches, we performed a systems-level analysis of GWAS data using weighted gene coexpression network analysis. A weighted gene coexpression network was generated for 1918 genes harboring SNPs that displayed nominal evidence of association (P ≤ 0.05) from a GWAS of bone mineral density (BMD) using microarray data on circulating monocytes isolated from individuals with extremely low or high BMD. Thirteen distinct gene modules were identified, each comprising coexpressed and highly interconnected GWAS genes. Through the characterization of module content and topology, we illustrate how network analysis can be used to discover disease-associated subnetworks and characterize novel interactions for genes with a known role in the regulation of BMD. In addition, we provide evidence that network metrics can be used as a prioritizing tool when selecting genes and SNPs for replication studies. Our results highlight the advantages of using systems-level strategies to add value to and inform GWAS.
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Filaire E, Toumi H. Reactive oxygen species and exercise on bone metabolism: friend or enemy? Joint Bone Spine 2012; 79:341-6. [PMID: 22578961 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2012.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are well recognised for playing a dual role as both deleterious and beneficial species. They are normally generated by tightly regulated enzymes. ROS overproduction arises either from mitochondrial electron transport chain or excessive stimulation of NAD(P)H resulting in oxidative stress, a deleterious process that can be an important mediator of damage to cell structures (lipids, membranes, proteins, and DNA). However, ROS could have a beneficial affect at low/moderate concentrations. Physiological roles in cellular responses to noxia have been reported, in defence against infectious agents, in the function of a number of cellular signalling pathways, and the induction of a mitogenic response. The role of ROS in bone metabolism is dual. It is a key modulator of bone cell function and also implicated in the pathophysiology of mineral tissues. Elevated production of ROS and/or depletion of antioxidants have also been observed in a variety of pathological conditions, including inflammatory joint diseases. Performing physical exercise is associated with numerous health benefits, playing a role especially in the prevention of bone loss. However, the production of ROS increases during demanding exercise. To explore this further, the aim of the present review was to examine bone remodelling in relation to oxidative stress and exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Filaire
- EA4532, laboratoire CIAMS, université Paris-Sud, université Orléans, UFRSTAPS, 2, allée du Château, 45067 Orléans cedex, France.
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Kim M, Kim C, Choi YS, Kim M, Park C, Suh Y. Age-related alterations in mesenchymal stem cells related to shift in differentiation from osteogenic to adipogenic potential: implication to age-associated bone diseases and defects. Mech Ageing Dev 2012; 133:215-25. [PMID: 22738657 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2012.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2011] [Revised: 03/17/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have attracted considerable attention in the fields of cell and gene therapy due to their intrinsic ability to differentiate into multiple lineages. The various therapeutic applications involving MSC require initial expansion and/or differentiation in vitro prior to clinical use. However, serial passages of MSC in culture lead to decreased differentiation potential and stem cell characteristics, eventually inducing cellular aging which will limit the success of cell-based therapeutic interventions. Here we review the age-related changes that occur in MSC with a special focus on the shift of differentiation potential from osteogenic to adipogenic lineage during the MSC aging processes and how aging causes this preferential shift by oxidative stress and/or energy metabolism defect. Oxidative stress-related signals and some microRNAs affect the differentiation potential shift of MSC by directly targeting key regulatory factors such as Runx-2 or PPAR-γ, and energy metabolism pathway is involved as well. All information described here including transcription factors, microRNAs and FoxOs could be used towards development of treatment regimens for age-related bone diseases and related defects based on mutually exclusive lineage fate determination of MSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- MiJung Kim
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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