1
|
Wu Y, Zhu Z, Lan T, Li S, Li Y, Wang C, Feng Y, Mao X, Yu S. Levomilnacipran Improves Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Dysregulation of Synaptic Plasticity and Depression-Like Behaviors via Activating BDNF/TrkB Mediated PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:4102-4115. [PMID: 38057644 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03832-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Depression is a common psychological disease with high morbidity and mortality. Recently, the involvement of synaptic plasticity in the pathogenesis of depression has shed light on the direction of developing novel antidepressants. Levomilnacipran is a newly approved medication for the treatment of adult major depressive disorder. However, the detailed mechanisms underlying its antidepressant-like effects have yet to be illuminated. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of levomilnacipran in regulating synaptic plasticity and explore the possible molecular mechanisms of its antidepressant effects using a rat model of depression induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The results demonstrated that levomilnacipran (30 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly ameliorated depression-like behaviors in rats, alleviated the dysregulation of synaptic plasticity, and suppressed neuroinflammation within hippocampus induced by LPS-treatment. Levomilnacipran increased the expression of postsynaptic dense 95 (PSD-95) and synaptophysin (Syn) and reversed the imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines within hippocampus of depressed rats. Additionally, levomilnacipran elevated expression level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), accompanied by increased tyrosine kinase B (TrkB), phosphorylated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-Akt), and phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR). Taken together, these results suggest that levomilnacipran may exert antidepressant effects via upregulating BDNF/TrkB mediated PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway to improve synaptic plasticity. These findings reveal potential mechanisms for the antidepressant effects of levomilnacipran and offer new insights into the treatments for depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Wu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxilu Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanpeng Zhu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxilu Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Lan
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxilu Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuhan Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxilu Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxilu Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Changmin Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxilu Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yabo Feng
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueqin Mao
- Department of Psychology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxilu Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shuyan Yu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxilu Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, People's Republic of China.
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, School of Basic Medical Sciences, 44 Wenhuaxilu Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Akter M, Roknuzzaman ASM, Shahriar M, Islam SMA, Ahmed Bhuiyan M, Qusar MMAS, Kabir ER, Islam R. Evaluation of serum MIP-1β and MCP-2 levels in major depressive disorder: A case-control study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305734. [PMID: 38889138 PMCID: PMC11185482 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common and debilitating mental illness characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a lack of interest in daily activities. The objective of this study was to investigate whether levels of macrophage inflammatory protein-1β (MIP-1β) and macrophage chemoattractant protein-2 (MCP-2) in the blood were associated with the pathophysiology and development of MDD compared to healthy controls (HCs). METHODS This case-control study was conducted involving 50 MDD patients and 38 HCs. We performed a comprehensive assessment to match age, sex, BMI, and socio-demographic profile between the groups. The study excluded participants with chronic infection, inflammatory diseases, coexisting psychiatric disorder, history of liver and kidney diseases, and individuals who are under antipsychotic medications. A professional psychiatrist diagnosed MDD patients and evaluated HCs based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 (DSM-5) criteria. The severity of depression was assessed using the Hamilton Depression (Ham-D) rating scale. Commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were used to quantify the serum MIP-1β and MCP-2 levels. RESULTS The results indicated elevated serum MIP-1β levels (207.73±24.24 pg/ml) in MDD patients compared to HCs (58.77±9.14 pg/ml). This difference in concentration is positively correlated with severity of disease symptoms (r = 0.451; p<0.001). Similarly, the levels of MCP-2 were found to be elevated in patients compared to controls (143.61±19.92 vs. 56.84±4.02 pg/ml; p = 0.003), with a positive correlation with the Ham-D scores (r = 0.373; p = 0.004). CONCLUSION According to this study, elevated levels of MIP-1β and MCP-2 may be associated with the pathophysiology and development of MDD. These increased serum MIP-1β and MCP-2 levels could be used as risk assessment tools for MDD. The present findings urge further research and the development of therapeutic and diagnostic approaches for depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Akter
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Mohammad Shahriar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | | | | | - Eva Rahman Kabir
- School of Pharmacy, BRAC University, Merul Badda, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rabiul Islam
- School of Pharmacy, BRAC University, Merul Badda, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Archer C, Kessler D, Lewis G, Araya R, Duffy L, Gilbody S, Lewis G, Kendrick T, Peters TJ, Wiles N. What predicts response to sertraline for people with depression in primary care? a secondary data analysis of moderators in the PANDA trial. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300366. [PMID: 38722970 PMCID: PMC11081306 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Antidepressants are a first-line treatment for depression, yet many patients do not respond. There is a need to understand which patients have greater treatment response but there is little research on patient characteristics that moderate the effectiveness of antidepressants. This study examined potential moderators of response to antidepressant treatment. METHODS The PANDA trial investigated the clinical effectiveness of sertraline (n = 326) compared with placebo (n = 329) in primary care patients with depressive symptoms. We investigated 11 potential moderators of treatment effect (age, employment, suicidal ideation, marital status, financial difficulty, education, social support, family history of depression, life events, health and past antidepressant use). Using multiple linear regression, we investigated the appropriate interaction term for each of these potential moderators with treatment as allocated. RESULTS Family history of depression was the only variable with weak evidence of effect modification (p-value for interaction = 0.048), such that those with no family history of depression may have greater benefit from antidepressant treatment. We found no evidence of effect modification (p-value for interactions≥0.29) by any of the other ten variables. CONCLUSION Evidence for treatment moderators was extremely limited, supporting an approach of continuing discuss antidepressant treatment with all patients presenting with moderate to severe depressive symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Archer
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - David Kessler
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Gemma Lewis
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ricardo Araya
- Health Services and Population Research Department, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Larisa Duffy
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Gilbody
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, United Kingdom
- Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Glyn Lewis
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tony Kendrick
- Faculty of Medicine, Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Tim J. Peters
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Wiles
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pan C, Liu L, Cheng S, Yang X, Meng P, Zhang N, He D, Chen Y, Li C, Zhang H, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Cheng B, Wen Y, Jia Y, Liu H, Zhang F. A multidimensional social risk atlas of depression and anxiety: An observational and genome-wide environmental interaction study. J Glob Health 2023; 13:04146. [PMID: 38063329 PMCID: PMC10704948 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.13.04146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mental disorders are largely socially determined, yet the combined impact of multidimensional social factors on the two most common mental disorders, depression and anxiety, remains unclear. Methods We constructed a polysocial risk score (PsRS), a multidimensional social risk indicator including components from three domains: socioeconomic status, neighborhood and living environment and psychosocial factors. Supported by the UK Biobank cohort, we randomly divided 110 332 participants into the discovery cohort (60%; n = 66 200) and the replication cohort (40%; n = 44 134). We tested the associations between 13 single social factors with Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) score, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD) score and self-reported depression and anxiety. The significant social factors were used to calculate PsRS for each mental disorder by considering weights from the multivariable linear model. Generalized linear models were applied to explore the association between PsRS and depression and anxiety. Genome-wide environmental interaction study (GWEIS) was further performed to test the effect of interactions between PsRS and SNPs on the risk of mental phenotypes. Results In the discovery cohort, PsRS was positively associated with PHQ score (β = 0.37; 95% CI = 0.35-0.38), GAD score (β = 0.27; 95% CI = 0.25-0.28), risk of self-reported depression (OR = 1.29; 95% CI = 1.28-1.31) and anxiety (OR = 1.19; 95% CI = 1.19-1.23). Similar results were observed in the replication cohort. Emotional stress, lack of social support and low household income were significantly associated with the development of depression and anxiety. GWEIS identified multiple candidate loci for PHQ score, such as rs149137169 (ST18) (Pdiscovery = 1.08 × 10-8, Preplication = 3.25 × 10-6) and rs3759812 (MYO9A) (Pdiscovery = 3.87 × 10-9, Preplication = 6.21 × 10-5). Additionally, seven loci were detected for GAD score, such as rs114006170 (TMPRSS11D) (Pdiscovery = 1.14 × 10-9, Preplication = 7.36 × 10-5) and rs77927903 (PIP4K2A) (Pdiscovery = 2.40 × 10-9, Preplication = 0.002). Conclusions Our findings reveal the positive effects of multidimensional social factors on the risk of depression and anxiety. It is important to address key social disadvantage in mental health promotion and treatment.
Collapse
|
5
|
Serpico D. A Wolf in Sheep's Clothing: Idealisations and the aims of polygenic scores. STUDIES IN HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE 2023; 102:72-83. [PMID: 37907020 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsa.2023.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Research in pharmacogenomics and precision medicine has recently introduced the concept of Polygenic Scores (PGSs), namely, indexes that aggregate the effects that many genetic variants are predicted to have on individual disease risk. The popularity of PGSs is increasing rapidly, but surprisingly little attention has been paid to the idealisations they make about phenotypic development. Indeed, PGSs rely on quantitative genetics models and methods, which involve considerable theoretical assumptions that have been questioned on various grounds. This comes with epistemological and ethical concerns about the use of PGSs in clinical decision-making. In this paper, I investigate to what extent idealisations in genetics models can impact the data gathering and clinical interpretation of genomics findings, particularly the calculation and predictive accuracy of PGSs. Although idealisations are considered ineliminable components of scientific models, they may be legitimate or not depending on the epistemic aims of a model. I thus analyse how various idealisations have been introduced in classical models and progressively readapted throughout the history of genetic theorising. Notably, this process involved important changes in the epistemic purpose of such idealisations, which raises the question of whether they are legitimate in the context of contemporary genomics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Serpico
- Department of Economics and Management, University of Trento, Via Vigilio Inama 5, 38122, Trento, Italy; Interdisciplinary Centre for Ethics & Institute of Philosophy, Jagiellonian University, Grodzka 52, 31-044 Kraków, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Genetics of antidepressant response and treatment-resistant depression. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
|
7
|
Liu X, Li X, Teng T, Jiang Y, Xiang Y, Fan L, Yu Y, Zhou X, Xie P. Comparative analysis of gut microbiota and fecal metabolome features among multiple depressive animal models. J Affect Disord 2022; 314:103-111. [PMID: 35780963 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.06.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Emerging studies reported that gut microbiota and fecal metabolites take part in major depressive disorder (MDD) pathogenesis. However, the conclusions based on a single depressive animal model seem inconsistent or even controversial. METHODS Multiple depression rat models, including chronic unpredictable mild stress, chronic restraint stress, social defeat, and learned helplessness, were used. Then, the 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis determined the alteration of gut microbiota and fecal metabolites. RESULTS The results of sucrose preference test and forced swimming test suggested that each model successfully established depression-like behavior. A total of 179 discriminative amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were identified among four models. The overall discriminative ASVs mainly belonged to the family Lachnospiraceae, Muribaculaceae, and Oscillospiraceae. Moreover, the fecal metabolomic analysis identified 468 differential expressed metabolites. Among all the differential metabolites, 11 specific pathways significantly altered, which were mainly belonged to lipid and amino acid metabolism. Finally, co-occurrence network analysis suggested that target differential metabolites were associated with discriminative ASVs mainly assigned to family taxon Lachnospiraceae, Muribaculaceae, and Oscillospiraceae. LIMITATIONS The heterogeneity of MDD in humans cannot be totally imitated by animal models. CONCLUSIONS In multiple depression models, the alterations of family Lachnospiraceae, Muribaculaceae, and Oscillospiraceae with the dysbiosis of lipid and amino acid metabolism were gut microbiota and fecal metabolome features. The findings of our research may help us to have a comprehensive understanding of gut microbiota and fecal metabolome in depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueer Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuemei Li
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Teng Teng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanliang Jiang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yajie Xiang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Fan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinyu Zhou
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Peng Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Barbu MC, Huider F, Campbell A, Amador C, Adams MJ, Lynall ME, Howard DM, Walker RM, Morris SW, Van Dongen J, Porteous DJ, Evans KL, Bullmore E, Willemsen G, Boomsma DI, Whalley HC, McIntosh AM. Methylome-wide association study of antidepressant use in Generation Scotland and the Netherlands Twin Register implicates the innate immune system. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:1647-1657. [PMID: 34880450 PMCID: PMC9095457 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01412-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Antidepressants are an effective treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD), although individual response is unpredictable and highly variable. Whilst the mode of action of antidepressants is incompletely understood, many medications are associated with changes in DNA methylation in genes that are plausibly linked to their mechanisms. Studies of DNA methylation may therefore reveal the biological processes underpinning the efficacy and side effects of antidepressants. We performed a methylome-wide association study (MWAS) of self-reported antidepressant use accounting for lifestyle factors and MDD in Generation Scotland (GS:SFHS, N = 6428, EPIC array) and the Netherlands Twin Register (NTR, N = 2449, 450 K array) and ran a meta-analysis of antidepressant use across these two cohorts. We found ten CpG sites significantly associated with self-reported antidepressant use in GS:SFHS, with the top CpG located within a gene previously associated with mental health disorders, ATP6V1B2 (β = -0.055, pcorrected = 0.005). Other top loci were annotated to genes including CASP10, TMBIM1, MAPKAPK3, and HEBP2, which have previously been implicated in the innate immune response. Next, using penalised regression, we trained a methylation-based score of self-reported antidepressant use in a subset of 3799 GS:SFHS individuals that predicted antidepressant use in a second subset of GS:SFHS (N = 3360, β = 0.377, p = 3.12 × 10-11, R2 = 2.12%). In an MWAS analysis of prescribed selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, we showed convergent findings with those based on self-report. In NTR, we did not find any CpGs significantly associated with antidepressant use. The meta-analysis identified the two CpGs of the ten above that were common to the two arrays used as being significantly associated with antidepressant use, although the effect was in the opposite direction for one of them. Antidepressants were associated with epigenetic alterations in loci previously associated with mental health disorders and the innate immune system. These changes predicted self-reported antidepressant use in a subset of GS:SFHS and identified processes that may be relevant to our mechanistic understanding of clinically relevant antidepressant drug actions and side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miruna C Barbu
- Division of Psychiatry, The University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Floris Huider
- Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Archie Campbell
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, The Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Carmen Amador
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, The Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mark J Adams
- Division of Psychiatry, The University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - David M Howard
- Division of Psychiatry, The University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Rosie M Walker
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, The Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Stewart W Morris
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, The Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jenny Van Dongen
- Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - David J Porteous
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, The Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kathryn L Evans
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, The Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Edward Bullmore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gonneke Willemsen
- Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Heather C Whalley
- Division of Psychiatry, The University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrew M McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, The University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Do Sleep Disturbances Improve Following Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy for Adolescent Depression? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031790. [PMID: 35162813 PMCID: PMC8835636 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Sleep disturbance is often a prominent symptom in adolescents diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD). Recent evidence indicates that short-term psychoanalytic psychotherapy (STPP) for depression may have an effect in reducing co-occurring sleep disturbance in youth. It is unknown if transference work (exploration of the patient–therapist relationship) has an additional effect in reducing sleep disturbance. Adolescents aged 16–18 years (n = 69, 84% female) who met diagnostic criteria for MDD based on the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I) were randomized to either STPP with transference work or without. Sleep problems were assessed at baseline, therapy session 20 (20 weeks), post-treatment (28 weeks), and one-year follow-up (80 weeks) with the Symptom Checklist-90-R. At baseline, 69% of the adolescents exhibited moderately to extreme sleep difficulties. Sleep disturbance was significantly correlated to depression depth at session 20 and at follow-up. Symptoms of insomnia significantly decreased from baseline to the end of treatment. Treatment gains were maintained until follow-up. No differences in recovery of sleep disturbance were found between the two treatment groups. The findings suggest that sleep disturbance improves following STPP for depression, with or without transference work. Future research should assess those with residual symptoms by different sleep measures.
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang H, Liu L, Chen X, Zhou C, Rao X, Li W, Li W, Liu Y, Fang L, Zhang H, Song J, Ji P, Xie P. MicroRNA-Messenger RNA Regulatory Network Mediates Disrupted TH17 Cell Differentiation in Depression. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:824209. [PMID: 35449567 PMCID: PMC9017773 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.824209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates an important role for microRNA (miRNA)-messenger RNA (mRNA) regulatory networks in human depression. However, the mechanisms by which these networks act are complex and remain poorly understood. We used data mining to identify differentially expressed miRNAs from GSE81152 and GSE152267 datasets, and differentially expressed mRNAs were identified from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety, the GlaxoSmithKline-High-Throughput Disease-specific target Identification Program, and the Janssen-Brain Resource Company study. We constructed a miRNA-mRNA regulatory network based on differentially expressed mRNAs that intersected with target genes of differentially expressed miRNAs, and then performed bioinformatics analysis of the network. The key candidate genes were assessed in the prefrontal cortex of chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) depression mice by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Three differentially expressed miRNAs were commonly identified across the two datasets, and 119 intersecting differentially expressed mRNAs were identified. A miRNA-mRNA regulatory network including these three key differentially expressed miRNAs and 119 intersecting differentially expressed mRNAs was constructed. Functional analysis of the intersecting differentially expressed mRNAs revealed that an abnormal inflammatory response characterized by disturbed T-helper cell 17 (Th17) differentiation was the primary altered biological function. qRT-PCR validated the decreased expression of Th17 cell differentiation-related genes, including interleukin (IL)17A, IL21, IL22, and IL1β, and the increased expression of retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor gamma-t (RORγt) in CSDS mice, which showed significant depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors. This study indicates that an abnormal inflammatory response characterized by disturbed Th17 cell differentiation is the primary altered biological process in major depressive disorder. Our findings indicate possible biomarkers and treatment targets and provide novel clues to understand the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Psychoseomadsy, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,College of Stomatology and Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lanxiang Liu
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xueyi Chen
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chanjuan Zhou
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuechen Rao
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenxia Li
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenwen Li
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yiyun Liu
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liang Fang
- Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Psychoseomadsy, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,College of Stomatology and Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinlin Song
- Key Laboratory of Psychoseomadsy, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,College of Stomatology and Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Ji
- Key Laboratory of Psychoseomadsy, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,College of Stomatology and Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Xie
- Key Laboratory of Psychoseomadsy, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,College of Stomatology and Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yang XJ, Zhao BC, Li J, Shi C, Song YQ, Gao XZ, Jiang HL, Yu QY, Liang XC, Feng SX, Li X, Sun Y, Li YH, Wang YP, Bao T, Zhang ZJ. Serum NLRP3 Inflammasome and BDNF: Potential Biomarkers Differentiating Reactive and Endogenous Depression. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:814828. [PMID: 35295780 PMCID: PMC8918660 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.814828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The highly heterogeneous pathogenesis of depression and limited response to current antidepressants call for more objective evidence for depression subtypes. Reactive and endogenous depression are two etiologically distinct subtypes associated with different treatment responses. This study aims to explore the potential biomarkers that differentiate reactive and endogenous depressions. METHODS The clinical manifestations and biological indicators of 64 unmedicated mild-to-moderate depression patients (32 reactive depression patients and 32 endogenous depression patients) and 21 healthy subjects were observed. The 24-item Hamilton rating scale for depression (HAMD-24) was used to evaluate the severity of depression. Serum levels of depression-related biological indicators were measured by using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The NLRP3 level of reactive depression was significantly lower than those of endogenous depression and healthy controls. There was a significant negative correlation between the BDNF level and the HAMD-24 total scores for patients with reactive depression. CONCLUSION Our findings suggested the serum NLRP3 and BDNF levels could be potential biomarkers for detecting and evaluating the severity of reactive depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Jing Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, South China Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bing-Cong Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Center on Aging Psychology Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chuan Shi
- Psychological Assessment Center, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Qing Song
- Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xing-Zhou Gao
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Li Jiang
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qiu-Yun Yu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xing-Chen Liang
- Bei Tai Ping Zhuang Community Health Service Center, Beijing, China
| | - Shi-Xing Feng
- Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Sun
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Huan Li
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yang-Peng Wang
- College of Management, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tuya Bao
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhang-Jin Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mingardi J, La Via L, Tornese P, Carini G, Trontti K, Seguini M, Tardito D, Bono F, Fiorentini C, Elia L, Hovatta I, Popoli M, Musazzi L, Barbon A. miR-9-5p is involved in the rescue of stress-dependent dendritic shortening of hippocampal pyramidal neurons induced by acute antidepressant treatment with ketamine. Neurobiol Stress 2021; 15:100381. [PMID: 34458512 PMCID: PMC8379501 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2021.100381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Converging clinical and preclinical evidence demonstrates that depressive phenotypes are associated with synaptic dysfunction and dendritic simplification in cortico-limbic glutamatergic areas. On the other hand, the rapid antidepressant effect of acute ketamine is consistently reported to occur together with the rescue of dendritic atrophy and reduction of spine number induced by chronic stress in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of animal models of depression. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms underlying these morphological alterations remain largely unknown. Here, we found that miR-9-5p levels were selectively reduced in the hippocampus of rats vulnerable to Chronic Mild Stress (CMS), while acute subanesthetic ketamine restored its levels to basal condition in just 24h; miR-9-5p expression inversely correlated with the anhedonic phenotype. A decrease of miR-9-5p was reproduced in an in vitro model of stress, based on primary hippocampal neurons incubated with the stress hormone corticosterone. In both CMS animals and primary neurons, decreased miR-9-5p levels were associated with dendritic simplification, while treatment with ketamine completely rescued the changes. In vitro modulation of miR-9-5p expression showed a direct role of miR-9-5p in regulating dendritic length and spine density in mature primary hippocampal neurons. Among the putative target genes tested, Rest and Sirt1 were validated as biological targets in primary neuronal cultures. Moreover, in line with miR-9-5p changes, REST protein expression levels were remarkably increased in both CMS vulnerable animals and corticosterone-treated neurons, while ketamine completely abolished this alteration. Finally, the shortening of dendritic length in corticosterone-treated neurons was shown to be partly rescued by miR-9-5p overexpression and dependent on REST protein expression. Overall, our data unveiled the functional role of miR-9-5p in the remodeling of dendritic arbor induced by stress/corticosterone in vulnerable animals and its rescue by acute antidepressant treatment with ketamine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Mingardi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Luca La Via
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Paolo Tornese
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology and Functional Neurogenomics, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Giulia Carini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Kalevi Trontti
- Sleep Well Research Program, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, and Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mara Seguini
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology and Functional Neurogenomics, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Daniela Tardito
- Department of Technical and Applied Sciences, eCampus University, Novedrate, Italy
| | - Federica Bono
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Chiara Fiorentini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Leonardo Elia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Rozzano, MI, Italy
| | - Iiris Hovatta
- Sleep Well Research Program, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, and Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maurizio Popoli
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology and Functional Neurogenomics, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Laura Musazzi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Alessandro Barbon
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Genetic variants associated with cardiometabolic abnormalities during treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: a genome-wide association study. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2021; 21:574-585. [PMID: 33824429 DOI: 10.1038/s41397-021-00234-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are prescribed both to patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Previous studies have shown associations between SSRI treatment and cardiometabolic alterations. The aim of the present study was to investigate genetic variants associated with cardiometabolic adverse effects in patients treated with SSRIs in a naturalistic setting, using a genome-wide cross-sectional approach in a genetically homogeneous sample. We included and genotyped 1981 individuals with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder, of whom 1180 had information available on the outcomes low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-cholesterol), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol), triglycerides, and body mass index (BMI) and investigated interactions between SNPs and SSRI use (N = 246) by conducting a genome-wide GxE analysis. We report 13 genome-wide significant interaction effects of SNPs and SSRI serum concentrations on LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and BMI, located in four distinct genomic loci. This study provides new insight into the pharmacogenetics of SSRI but warrants replication in independent populations.
Collapse
|
14
|
Millard SJ, Weston-Green K, Newell KA. The Wistar-Kyoto rat model of endogenous depression: A tool for exploring treatment resistance with an urgent need to focus on sex differences. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2020; 101:109908. [PMID: 32145362 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.109908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the leading causes of years lived with disability and contributor to the burden of disease worldwide. The incidence of MDD has increased by ~20% in the last decade. Currently antidepressant drugs such as the popular selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the leading form of pharmaceutical intervention for the treatment of MDD. SSRIs however, are inefficient in ameliorating depressive symptoms in ~50% of patients and exhibit a prolonged latency of efficacy. Due to the burden of disease, there is an increasing need to understand the neurobiology underpinning MDD and to discover effective treatment strategies. Endogenous models of MDD, such as the Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rat provide a valuable tool for investigating the pathophysiology of MDD. The WKY rat displays behavioural and neurobiological phenotypes similar to that observed in clinical cases of MDD, as well as resistance to common antidepressants. Specifically, the WKY strain exhibits increased anxiety- and depressive-like behaviours, as well as alterations in Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal (HPA) axis, serotonergic, dopaminergic and neurotrophic systems with emerging studies suggesting an involvement of neuroinflammation. More recent investigations have shown evidence for reduced cortical and hippocampal volumes and altered glutamatergic signalling in the WKY strain. Given the growing interest in therapeutics targeting the glutamatergic system, the WKY strain presents itself as a potentially useful tool for screening novel antidepressant drugs and their efficacy against treatment resistant depression. However, despite the sexual dimorphism present in the pathophysiology and aetiology of MDD, sex differences in the WKY model are rarely investigated, with most studies focusing on males. Accordingly, this review highlights what is known regarding sex differences and where further research is needed. Whilst acknowledging that investigation into a range of depression models is required to fully elucidate the underlying mechanisms of MDD, here we review the WKY strain, and its relevance to the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Millard
- School of Medicine and Molecular Horizons, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia.
| | - Katrina Weston-Green
- School of Medicine and Molecular Horizons, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia.
| | - Kelly A Newell
- School of Medicine and Molecular Horizons, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kraus C, Kadriu B, Lanzenberger R, Zarate CA, Kasper S. Prognosis and Improved Outcomes in Major Depression: A Review. FOCUS: JOURNAL OF LIFE LONG LEARNING IN PSYCHIATRY 2020; 18:220-235. [PMID: 33343240 DOI: 10.1176/appi.focus.18205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
(Reprinted from Transl Psychiatry. 2019 Apr 3; 9(1):127. Open access; is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License).
Collapse
|
16
|
Association between functional polymorphisms in serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) and escitalopram treatment response in depressive patients in a South Indian population. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2020; 76:807-814. [DOI: 10.1007/s00228-020-02866-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
17
|
Shen C, Cao K, Cui S, Cui Y, Mo H, Wen W, Dong Z, Lin H, Bai S, Yang L, Zhang R, Shi Y. SiNiSan ameliorates depression-like behavior in rats by enhancing synaptic plasticity via the CaSR-PKC-ERK signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 124:109787. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
|
18
|
Guo L, Zhu Z, Wang G, Cui S, Shen M, Song Z, Wang JH. microRNA-15b contributes to depression-like behavior in mice by affecting synaptic protein levels and function in the nucleus accumbens. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:6831-6848. [PMID: 32209659 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.012047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depression is a prevalent affective disorder characterized by recurrent low mood. It presumably results from stress-induced deteriorations of molecular networks and synaptic functions in brain reward circuits of genetically-susceptible individuals through epigenetic processes. Epigenetic regulator microRNA-15b inhibits neuronal progenitor proliferation and is up-regulated in the medial prefrontal cortex of mice that demonstrate depression-like behavior, indicating the contribution of microRNA-15 to major depression. Using a mouse model of major depression induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), here we examined the effects of microRNA-15b on synapses and synaptic proteins in the nucleus accumbens of these mice. The application of a microRNA-15b antagomir into the nucleus accumbens significantly reduced the incidence of CUMS-induced depression and reversed the attenuations of excitatory synapse and syntaxin-binding protein 3 (STXBP3A)/vesicle-associated protein 1 (VAMP1) expression. In contrast, the injection of a microRNA-15b analog into the nucleus accumbens induced depression-like behavior as well as attenuated excitatory synapses and STXBP3A/VAMP1 expression similar to the down-regulation of these processes induced by the CUMS. We conclude that microRNA-15b-5p may play a critical role in chronic stress-induced depression by decreasing synaptic proteins, innervations, and activities in the nucleus accumbens. We propose that the treatment of anti-microRNA-15b-5p may convert stress-induced depression into resilience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Guo
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhaoming Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao Shandong 266021, China
| | - Guangyan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao Shandong 266021, China
| | - Shan Cui
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Meng Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao Shandong 266021, China
| | - Zhenhua Song
- School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao Shandong 266021, China
| | - Jin-Hui Wang
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Li Z, He B, Xu J, Dai N, Ping L, Zhou C, Shen Z, Xu X, Cheng Y. Roles of 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase C677T Polymorphisms in First-Episode, Drug-Naive Adult Patients With Depression. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:531959. [PMID: 33364984 PMCID: PMC7751613 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.531959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene C677T polymorphism is considered as a predisposition and promising genetic candidate to major depressive disorder (MDD), as it is associated with impaired one-carbon cycles, which may be involved in the pathogenesis of depression. Cortical thickness (CT) and subcortical structure volumes have been extensively studied in MDD and have been proposed as one of the phenotypes for MDD. We intend to discuss the association between CT, subcortical structure volume, and MTHFR C677T polymorphism in first-episode, treatment-naive patients with MDD. In this study, 127 adult patients with MDD and 101 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HCs) were included. All subjects underwent T1-weighted MRI, MTHFR C677T genotyping, and FreeSurfer software-based morphological analysis. MDD patients have been detected to have significantly decreased volumes in the left nucleus accumbens (P < 0.001). The MTHFR 677 T allele carriers manifested with thinner CT in the left caudal anterior cingulate cortex (cACC, P = 0.009) compared with CC genotype. There were significant genotype-by-diagnosis interactions for the CT in the left cACC (P = 0.009), isthmus cingulate (P = 0.002), medial orbitofrontal lobe (P = 0.012), posterior cingulate (P = 0.030), and the right lateral orbitofrontal lobe (P = 0.012). We also found a trend in the interaction effect on the volume of the left putamen (P = 0.050). Our results revealed that MTHFR C677T polymorphism may be involved in the dysfunction of limbic-cortical-striatal-pallidal-thalamic (LCSPT) circuits mediating emotion processing, which may contribute to pathogenesis of MDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoqing Li
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Bo He
- Department of Medical Imaging, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Internal Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Nan Dai
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | | | - Cong Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zonglin Shen
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiufeng Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yuqi Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Michels S, Dolga AM, Braun MD, Kisko TM, Sungur AÖ, Witt SH, Rietschel M, Dempfle A, Wöhr M, Schwarting RKW, Culmsee C. Interaction of the Psychiatric Risk Gene Cacna1c With Post-weaning Social Isolation or Environmental Enrichment Does Not Affect Brain Mitochondrial Bioenergetics in Rats. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:483. [PMID: 31708752 PMCID: PMC6823196 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders involves complex interactions between genetic and environmental risk factors. Confirmed by several genome-wide association studies, Cacna1c represents one of the most robustly replicated psychiatric risk genes. Besides genetic predispositions, environmental stress such as childhood maltreatment also contributes to enhanced disease vulnerability. Both, Cacna1c gene variants and stressful life events are associated with morphological alterations in the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus. Emerging evidence suggests impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics as a possible underlying mechanism of these regional brain abnormalities. In the present study, we simulated the interaction of psychiatric disease-relevant genetic and environmental factors in rodents to investigate their potential effect on brain mitochondrial function using a constitutive heterozygous Cacna1c rat model in combination with a four-week exposure to either post-weaning social isolation, standard housing, or social and physical environmental enrichment. Mitochondria were isolated from the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus to evaluate their bioenergetics, membrane potential, reactive oxygen species production, and respiratory chain complex protein levels. None of these parameters were considerably affected in this particular gene-environment setting. These negative results were very robust in all tested conditions demonstrating that Cacna1c depletion did not significantly translate into altered bioenergetic characteristics. Thus, further investigations are required to determine the disease-related effects on brain mitochondria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Michels
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Amalia M Dolga
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Moria D Braun
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Department of Experimental and Biological Psychology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Theresa M Kisko
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Department of Experimental and Biological Psychology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - A Özge Sungur
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Department of Experimental and Biological Psychology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie H Witt
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Astrid Dempfle
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Markus Wöhr
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Department of Experimental and Biological Psychology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Rainer K W Schwarting
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Department of Experimental and Biological Psychology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Culmsee
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
microRNA and mRNA profiles in the amygdala are associated with stress-induced depression and resilience in juvenile mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:2119-2142. [PMID: 30900007 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-05209-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Major depressive disorder characterized as recurrent negative mood is one of the prevalent psychiatric diseases. Chronic stress plus lack of reward may induce long-term imbalance between reward and penalty circuits in the brain, leading to persistent negative mood. Numerous individuals demonstrate resilience to chronic mild stress. Molecular mechanisms for major depression and resilience in the brain remain unclear. METHODS After juvenile mice were treated by the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) for 4 weeks, they were screened by sucrose preference, Y-maze and forced swimming tests to examine whether their behaviors were depression-like or not. mRNA and miRNA profiles were quantified by high-throughput sequencing in amygdala tissues harvested from control, CUMS-susceptible, and CUMS-resilience mice. RESULTS 1.5-fold ratio in reads per kilo-base per million reads was set to be the threshold to judge the involvement of mRNAs and miRNAs in the CUMS, major depression, or resilience. In the amygdala from CUMS-susceptible mice, the expression of genes relevant to GABAergic, cholinergic, glutamatergic, dopaminergic, and serotonergic synapses was changed, as well as the expression of genes that encoded signal pathways of PI3K-Akt, calcium, cAMP, MAPK, and drug addiction was imbalanced. The expression of these genes in the amygdala form CUMS-resilience mice was less changed. CONCLUSIONS The downregulation of genes relevant to synaptic functions and the imbalance of intra-signaling pathway in the amygdala are associated with major depression. Consistent results through sequencing mRNA and miRNA and using different methods validate our finding and conclusion.
Collapse
|
22
|
Kraus C, Kadriu B, Lanzenberger R, Zarate Jr. CA, Kasper S. Prognosis and improved outcomes in major depression: a review. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:127. [PMID: 30944309 PMCID: PMC6447556 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0460-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment outcomes for major depressive disorder (MDD) need to be improved. Presently, no clinically relevant tools have been established for stratifying subgroups or predicting outcomes. This literature review sought to investigate factors closely linked to outcome and summarize existing and novel strategies for improvement. The results show that early recognition and treatment are crucial, as duration of untreated depression correlates with worse outcomes. Early improvement is associated with response and remission, while comorbidities prolong course of illness. Potential biomarkers have been explored, including hippocampal volumes, neuronal activity of the anterior cingulate cortex, and levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and central and peripheral inflammatory markers (e.g., translocator protein (TSPO), interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)). However, their integration into routine clinical care has not yet been fully elucidated, and more research is needed in this regard. Genetic findings suggest that testing for CYP450 isoenzyme activity may improve treatment outcomes. Strategies such as managing risk factors, improving clinical trial methodology, and designing structured step-by-step treatments are also beneficial. Finally, drawing on existing guidelines, we outline a sequential treatment optimization paradigm for selecting first-, second-, and third-line treatments for acute and chronically ill patients. Well-established treatments such as electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) are clinically relevant for treatment-resistant populations, and novel transcranial stimulation methods such as theta-burst stimulation (TBS) and magnetic seizure therapy (MST) have shown promising results. Novel rapid-acting antidepressants, such as ketamine, may also constitute a paradigm shift in treatment optimization for MDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Kraus
- 0000 0000 9259 8492grid.22937.3dDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria ,0000 0001 2297 5165grid.94365.3dSection on Neurobiology and Treatment of Mood Disorders, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Bashkim Kadriu
- 0000 0001 2297 5165grid.94365.3dSection on Neurobiology and Treatment of Mood Disorders, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Rupert Lanzenberger
- 0000 0000 9259 8492grid.22937.3dDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Carlos A. Zarate Jr.
- 0000 0001 2297 5165grid.94365.3dSection on Neurobiology and Treatment of Mood Disorders, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Siegfried Kasper
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Perlman K, Benrimoh D, Israel S, Rollins C, Brown E, Tunteng JF, You R, You E, Tanguay-Sela M, Snook E, Miresco M, Berlim MT. A systematic meta-review of predictors of antidepressant treatment outcome in major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 2019; 243:503-515. [PMID: 30286415 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.09.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The heterogeneity of symptoms and complex etiology of depression pose a significant challenge to the personalization of treatment. Meanwhile, the current application of generic treatment approaches to patients with vastly differing biological and clinical profiles is far from optimal. Here, we conduct a meta-review to identify predictors of response to antidepressant therapy in order to select robust input features for machine learning models of treatment response. These machine learning models will allow us to learn associations between patient features and treatment response which have predictive value at the individual patient level; this learning can be optimized by selecting high-quality input features for the model. While current research is difficult to directly apply to the clinic, machine learning models built using knowledge gleaned from current research may become useful clinical tools. METHODS The EMBASE and MEDLINE/PubMed online databases were searched from January 1996 to August 2017, using a combination of MeSH terms and keywords to identify relevant literature reviews. We identified a total of 1909 articles, wherein 199 articles met our inclusion criteria. RESULTS An array of genetic, immune, endocrine, neuroimaging, sociodemographic, and symptom-based predictors of treatment response were extracted, varying widely in clinical utility. LIMITATIONS Due to heterogeneous sample sizes, effect sizes, publication biases, and methodological disparities across reviews, we could not accurately assess the strength and directionality of every predictor. CONCLUSION Notwithstanding our cautious interpretation of the results, we have identified a multitude of predictors that can be used to formulate a priori hypotheses regarding the input features for a computational model. We highlight the importance of large-scale research initiatives and clinically accessible biomarkers, as well as the need for replication studies of current findings. In addition, we provide recommendations for future improvement and standardization of research efforts in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Perlman
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 Rue Université, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.
| | - David Benrimoh
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sonia Israel
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - Colleen Rollins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, UK
| | - Eleanor Brown
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 Rue Université, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Jingla-Fri Tunteng
- Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Raymond You
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Eunice You
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Myriam Tanguay-Sela
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 Rue Université, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Emily Snook
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - Marc Miresco
- Department of Psychiatry, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Marcelo T Berlim
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Gonda X, Petschner P, Eszlari N, Baksa D, Edes A, Antal P, Juhasz G, Bagdy G. Genetic variants in major depressive disorder: From pathophysiology to therapy. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 194:22-43. [PMID: 30189291 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In spite of promising preclinical results there is a decreasing number of new registered medications in major depression. The main reason behind this fact is the lack of confirmation in clinical studies for the assumed, and in animals confirmed, therapeutic results. This suggests low predictive value of animal studies for central nervous system disorders. One solution for identifying new possible targets is the application of genetics and genomics, which may pinpoint new targets based on the effect of genetic variants in humans. The present review summarizes such research focusing on depression and its therapy. The inconsistency between most genetic studies in depression suggests, first of all, a significant role of environmental stress. Furthermore, effect of individual genes and polymorphisms is weak, therefore gene x gene interactions or complete biochemical pathways should be analyzed. Even genes encoding target proteins of currently used antidepressants remain non-significant in genome-wide case control investigations suggesting no main effect in depression, but rather an interaction with stress. The few significant genes in GWASs are related to neurogenesis, neuronal synapse, cell contact and DNA transcription and as being nonspecific for depression are difficult to harvest pharmacologically. Most candidate genes in replicable gene x environment interactions, on the other hand, are connected to the regulation of stress and the HPA axis and thus could serve as drug targets for depression subgroups characterized by stress-sensitivity and anxiety while other risk polymorphisms such as those related to prominent cognitive symptoms in depression may help to identify additional subgroups and their distinct treatment. Until these new targets find their way into therapy, the optimization of current medications can be approached by pharmacogenomics, where metabolizing enzyme polymorphisms remain prominent determinants of therapeutic success.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xenia Gonda
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Kutvolgyi Clinical Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; NAP-2-SE New Antidepressant Target Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE Neuropsychopharmacology and Neurochemistry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Peter Petschner
- MTA-SE Neuropsychopharmacology and Neurochemistry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nora Eszlari
- NAP-2-SE New Antidepressant Target Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Daniel Baksa
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; SE-NAP 2 Genetic Brain Imaging Migraine Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea Edes
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; SE-NAP 2 Genetic Brain Imaging Migraine Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Antal
- Department of Measurement and Information Systems, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Juhasz
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; SE-NAP 2 Genetic Brain Imaging Migraine Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Neuroscience and Psychiatry Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Gyorgy Bagdy
- NAP-2-SE New Antidepressant Target Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE Neuropsychopharmacology and Neurochemistry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Si Y, Song Z, Sun X, Wang J. microRNA and mRNA profiles in nucleus accumbens underlying depression versus resilience in response to chronic stress. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2018; 177:563-579. [PMID: 30105773 PMCID: PMC6175222 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Major depression in negative mood is presumably induced by chronic stress with lack of reward. However, most individuals who experience chronic stress demonstrate resilience. Molecular mechanisms underlying stress- induced depression versus resilience remain unknown, which are investigated in brain reward circuits. Mice were treated by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) for 4 weeks. The tests of sucrose preference, Y-maze, and forced swimming were used to identify depression-like emotion behavior or resilience. High-throughput sequencing was used to analyze mRNA and miRNA quantity in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) harvested from the mice in the groups of control, CUMS-induced depression (CUMS-MDD), and CUMS-resistance to identify molecular profiles of CUMS-MDD versus CUMS-resilience. In data analyses and comparison among three groups, 1.5-fold ratio in reads per kilo-base per million reads (RPKM) was set to judge involvements of mRNA and miRNA in CUMS, MDD, or resilience. The downregulations of serotonergic/dopaminergic synapses, MAPK/calcium signaling pathways, and morphine addiction as well as the upregulations of cAMP/PI3K-Akt signaling pathways and amino acid metabolism are associated with CUMS-MDD. The downregulations of chemokine signaling pathway, synaptic vesicle cycle, and nicotine addiction as well as the upregulations of calcium signaling pathway and tyrosine metabolism are associated with CUMS-resilience. The impairments of serotonergic/dopaminergic synapses and PI3K-Akt/MAPK signaling pathways in the NAc are associated with depression. The upregulation of these entities is associated with resilience. Consistent results from analyzing mRNA/miRNA and using different methods validate our finding and conclusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Si
- Department of PharmacologyQingdao University School of PharmacyQingdao, Shandong266021China
| | - Zhenhua Song
- Department of PharmacologyQingdao University School of PharmacyQingdao, Shandong266021China
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- Department of PharmacologyQingdao University School of PharmacyQingdao, Shandong266021China,College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China,Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
| | - Jin‐Hui Wang
- Department of PharmacologyQingdao University School of PharmacyQingdao, Shandong266021China,College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China,Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Levy MJF, Boulle F, Steinbusch HW, van den Hove DLA, Kenis G, Lanfumey L. Neurotrophic factors and neuroplasticity pathways in the pathophysiology and treatment of depression. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2018; 235:2195-2220. [PMID: 29961124 PMCID: PMC6061771 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-4950-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Depression is a major health problem with a high prevalence and a heavy socioeconomic burden in western societies. It is associated with atrophy and impaired functioning of cortico-limbic regions involved in mood and emotion regulation. It has been suggested that alterations in neurotrophins underlie impaired neuroplasticity, which may be causally related to the development and course of depression. Accordingly, mounting evidence suggests that antidepressant treatment may exert its beneficial effects by enhancing trophic signaling on neuronal and synaptic plasticity. However, current antidepressants still show a delayed onset of action, as well as lack of efficacy. Hence, a deeper understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of depression, as well as in the action of antidepressants, might provide further insight to drive the development of novel fast-acting and more effective therapies. Here, we summarize the current literature on the involvement of neurotrophic factors in the pathophysiology and treatment of depression. Further, we advocate that future development of antidepressants should be based on the neurotrophin theory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marion J F Levy
- Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences (Inserm U894), Université Paris Descartes, 102-108 rue de la santé, 75014, Paris, France
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- EURON-European Graduate School of Neuroscience, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Fabien Boulle
- Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences (Inserm U894), Université Paris Descartes, 102-108 rue de la santé, 75014, Paris, France
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- EURON-European Graduate School of Neuroscience, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Harry W Steinbusch
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- EURON-European Graduate School of Neuroscience, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Daniël L A van den Hove
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- EURON-European Graduate School of Neuroscience, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Gunter Kenis
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- EURON-European Graduate School of Neuroscience, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Laurence Lanfumey
- Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences (Inserm U894), Université Paris Descartes, 102-108 rue de la santé, 75014, Paris, France.
- EURON-European Graduate School of Neuroscience, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Mora C, Zonca V, Riva MA, Cattaneo A. Blood biomarkers and treatment response in major depression. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2018; 18:513-529. [DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2018.1470927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Mora
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Fatebenefratelli S. Giovanni di Dio, Brescia, Italy
| | - Valentina Zonca
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Fatebenefratelli S. Giovanni di Dio, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco A. Riva
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Annamaria Cattaneo
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Fatebenefratelli S. Giovanni di Dio, Brescia, Italy
- Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Michels S, Wöhr M, Schwarting RK, Culmsee C. Psychiatric risk gene Cacna1c determines mitochondrial resilience against oxidative stress in neurons. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:645. [PMID: 29844355 PMCID: PMC5974319 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0676-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Michels
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Markus Wöhr
- Department of Experimental and Biological Psychology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Kw Schwarting
- Department of Experimental and Biological Psychology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Culmsee
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany. .,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Michels S, Ganjam GK, Martins H, Schratt GM, Wöhr M, Schwarting RKW, Culmsee C. Downregulation of the psychiatric susceptibility gene Cacna1c promotes mitochondrial resilience to oxidative stress in neuronal cells. Cell Death Discov 2018; 4:54. [PMID: 29760952 PMCID: PMC5945680 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-018-0061-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Affective disorders such as major depression and bipolar disorder are among the most prevalent forms of mental illness and their etiologies involve complex interactions between genetic and environmental risk factors. Over the past ten years, several genome wide association studies (GWAS) have identified CACNA1C as one of the strongest genetic risk factors for the development of affective disorders. However, its role in disease pathogenesis is still largely unknown. Vulnerability to affective disorders also involves diverse environmental risk factors such as perinatal insults, childhood maltreatment, and other adverse pathophysiological or psychosocial life events. At the cellular level, such environmental influences may activate oxidative stress pathways, thereby altering neuronal plasticity and function. Mitochondria are the key organelles of energy metabolism and, further, highly important for the adaptation to oxidative stress. Accordingly, multiple lines of evidence including post-mortem brain and neuro-imaging studies suggest that psychiatric disorders are accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction. In this study, we investigated the effects of Cacna1c downregulation in combination with glutamate-induced oxidative stress on mitochondrial function, Ca2+ homeostasis, and cell viability in mouse hippocampal HT22 cells. We found that the siRNA-mediated knockdown of Cacna1c preserved mitochondrial morphology, mitochondrial membrane potential, and ATP levels after glutamate treatment. Further, Cacna1c silencing inhibited excessive mitochondrial reactive oxygen species formation and calcium influx, and protected the HT22 cells from oxidative cell death. Overall, our findings suggest that the GWAS-confirmed psychiatric risk gene CACNA1C plays a major role in oxidative stress pathways with particular impact on mitochondrial integrity and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Michels
- 1Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany.,2Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Goutham K Ganjam
- 1Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany.,2Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Helena Martins
- 2Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany.,3Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Systems Neuroscience, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard M Schratt
- 2Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany.,3Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Systems Neuroscience, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Wöhr
- 2Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany.,4Department of Experimental and Biological Psychology, Behavioral Neuroscience, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Rainer K W Schwarting
- 2Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany.,4Department of Experimental and Biological Psychology, Behavioral Neuroscience, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Culmsee
- 1Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany.,2Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhu Z, Wang G, Ma K, Cui S, Wang JH. GABAergic neurons in nucleus accumbens are correlated to resilience and vulnerability to chronic stress for major depression. Oncotarget 2018; 8:35933-35945. [PMID: 28415589 PMCID: PMC5482628 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Major depression, persistent low mood, is one of common psychiatric diseases. Chronic stressful life is believed to be a major risk factor that leads to dysfunctions of the limbic system. However, a large number of the individuals with experiencing chronic stress do not suffer from major depression, called as resilience. Endogenous mechanisms underlying neuronal invulnerability to chronic stress versus major depression are largely unknown. As GABAergic neurons are vulnerable to chronic stress and their impairments is associated with major depression, we have examined whether the invulnerability of GABAergic neurons in the limbic system is involved in resilience. Results GABAergic neurons in the nucleus accumbens from depression-like mice induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress appear the decreases in their GABA release, spiking capability and excitatory input reception, compared with those in resilience mice. The levels of decarboxylase and vesicular GABA transporters decrease in depression-like mice, but not resilience. Materials and Methods Mice were treated by chronic unpredictable mild stress for three weeks. Depression-like behaviors or resilience was confirmed by seeing whether their behaviors change significantly in sucrose preference, Y-maze and forced swimming tests. Mice from controls as well as depression and resilience in response to chronic unpredictable mild stress were studied in terms of GABAergic neuron activity in the nucleus accumbens by cell electrophysiology and protein chemistry. Conclusions The impairment of GABAergic neurons in the nucleus accumbens is associated with major depression. The invulnerability of GABAergic neurons to chronic stress may be one of cellular mechanisms for the resilience to chronic stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoming Zhu
- Qingdao University, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao Shandong, 266021, China
| | - Guangyan Wang
- Qingdao University, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao Shandong, 266021, China
| | - Ke Ma
- Qingdao University, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao Shandong, 266021, China
| | - Shan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jin-Hui Wang
- Qingdao University, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao Shandong, 266021, China.,State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Significance of risk polymorphisms for depression depends on stress exposure. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3946. [PMID: 29500446 PMCID: PMC5834495 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22221-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a polygenic and multifactorial disorder where environmental effects exert a significant impact, yet most genetic studies do not consider the effect of stressors which may be one reason for the lack of replicable results in candidate gene studies, GWAS and between human studies and animal models. Relevance of functional polymorphisms in seven candidate genes previously implicated in animal and human studies on a depression-related phenotype given various recent stress exposure levels was assessed with Bayesian relevance analysis in 1682 subjects. This Bayesian analysis indicated a gene-environment interaction whose significance was also tested with a traditional multivariate analysis using general linear models. The investigated genetic factors were only relevant in the moderate and/or high stress exposure groups. Rank order of genes was GALR2 > BDNF > P2RX7 > HTR1A > SLC6A4 > CB1 > HTR2A, with strong relevance for the first four. Robust gene-gene-environment interaction was found between BDNF and HTR1A. Gene-environment interaction effect was confirmed, namely no main effect of genes, but a significant modulatory effect on environment-induced development of depression were found. Our data support the strong causative role of the environment modified by genetic factors, similar to animal models. Gene-environment interactions point to epigenetic factors associated with risk SNPs. Galanin-2 receptor, BDNF and X-type purin-7 receptor could be drug targets for new antidepressants.
Collapse
|
32
|
Liu L, Zhou X, Zhang Y, Pu J, Yang L, Yuan S, Zhao L, Zhou C, Zhang H, Xie P. Hippocampal metabolic differences implicate distinctions between physical and psychological stress in four rat models of depression. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:4. [PMID: 29317595 PMCID: PMC5802536 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-017-0018-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a heterogeneous and multi-factorial disorder, and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. However, many studies have indicated that the molecular mechanisms underlying depression in response to different stress may differ. After screening, 28-30 rats were included in each model of depression (chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS); learned helplessness (LH); chronic restraint stress (CRS); or social defeat (SD)). Non-targeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to profile the metabolic changes in the hippocampus. As a result, all four models exhibited significant depression-like behavior. A total of 30, 24, 19, and 25 differential metabolites were identified in the CUMS, LH, CRS, and SD models, respectively. Interestingly, the hierarchical clustering results revealed two patterns of metabolic changes that are characteristic of the response to cluster 1 (CUMS, LH) and cluster 2 (CRS, SD) stress, which represent physical and psychological stress, respectively. Bioinformatic analysis suggested that physical stress was mainly associated with lipid metabolism and glutamate metabolism, whereas psychological stress was related to cell signaling, cellular proliferation, and neurodevelopment, suggesting the molecular changes induced by physical and psychological stress were different. Nine shared metabolites were opposite in the directions of change between physical and psychological models, and these metabolites were associated with cellular proliferation and neurodevelopment functions, indicating the response to physical and psychological stress was different in the activation and deactivation of the final common pathway to depression. Our results provide a further understanding of the heterogeneity in the molecular mechanisms of MDD that could facilitate the development of personalized medicine for this disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lanxiang Liu
- grid.452206.7Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China ,0000 0000 8653 0555grid.203458.8Institute of Neuroscience and The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinyu Zhou
- 0000 0000 8653 0555grid.203458.8Institute of Neuroscience and The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China ,grid.452206.7Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- grid.452206.7Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China ,0000 0000 8653 0555grid.203458.8Institute of Neuroscience and The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Juncai Pu
- grid.452206.7Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China ,0000 0000 8653 0555grid.203458.8Institute of Neuroscience and The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lining Yang
- grid.452206.7Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China ,0000 0000 8653 0555grid.203458.8Institute of Neuroscience and The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuai Yuan
- 0000 0000 8653 0555grid.203458.8Institute of Neuroscience and The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Libo Zhao
- 0000 0000 8653 0555grid.203458.8Institute of Neuroscience and The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China ,0000 0000 8653 0555grid.203458.8Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chanjun Zhou
- 0000 0000 8653 0555grid.203458.8Institute of Neuroscience and The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China ,0000 0000 8653 0555grid.203458.8Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hanping Zhang
- grid.452206.7Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China ,0000 0000 8653 0555grid.203458.8Institute of Neuroscience and The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China. .,Institute of Neuroscience and The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Impact of chemotherapy on cancer-related fatigue and cytokines in 1312 patients: a systematic review of quantitative studies. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care 2018; 10:165-79. [PMID: 27043288 DOI: 10.1097/spc.0000000000000205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is the most common psychosomatic distress experienced by cancer patients before, during and after chemotherapy. Its impact on functional status and Health Related Quality of Life is a great concern among patients, healthcare professionals and researchers. The primary objective of this systematic review is to determine whether the different chemotherapies affect the association of CRF with individual pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The PRISMA statement guideline has been followed to systematically search and screen article from PubMed and Embase. RECENT FINDINGS This review has examined 14 studies which included a total of 1312 patients. These studies assayed 20 different kinds of cytokines. The cytokines interleukin-6, interleukin-1RA, TGF-β and sTNF-R2 were associated with CRF in patients receiving anthracycline-based chemotherapy. However, only interleukin-13 was identified in the taxane-based chemotherapy. Similarly, different sets of cytokines were linked with CRF in patients with chemotherapy regimens containing platinum, cyclophosphamides, topotecan or bleomycin. SUMMARY This review has identified that cytokines are differentially linked with CRF according to the various types of chemotherapy regimens.
Collapse
|
34
|
Akil H, Gordon J, Hen R, Javitch J, Mayberg H, McEwen B, Meaney MJ, Nestler EJ. Treatment resistant depression: A multi-scale, systems biology approach. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 84:272-288. [PMID: 28859997 PMCID: PMC5729118 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
An estimated 50% of depressed patients are inadequately treated by available interventions. Even with an eventual recovery, many patients require a trial and error approach, as there are no reliable guidelines to match patients to optimal treatments and many patients develop treatment resistance over time. This situation derives from the heterogeneity of depression and the lack of biomarkers for stratification by distinct depression subtypes. There is thus a dire need for novel therapies. To address these known challenges, we propose a multi-scale framework for fundamental research on depression, aimed at identifying the brain circuits that are dysfunctional in several animal models of depression as well the changes in gene expression that are associated with these models. When combined with human genetic and imaging studies, our preclinical studies are starting to identify candidate circuits and molecules that are altered both in models of disease and in patient populations. Targeting these circuits and mechanisms can lead to novel generations of antidepressants tailored to specific patient populations with distinctive types of molecular and circuit dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huda Akil
- Depression Task Force, Hope for Depression Research Foundation, New York, NY 10019, United States; University of Michigan, United States
| | - Joshua Gordon
- Depression Task Force, Hope for Depression Research Foundation, New York, NY 10019, United States; Columbia University, United States; New York State Psychiatric Institute, United States
| | - Rene Hen
- Depression Task Force, Hope for Depression Research Foundation, New York, NY 10019, United States; Columbia University, United States; New York State Psychiatric Institute, United States
| | - Jonathan Javitch
- Depression Task Force, Hope for Depression Research Foundation, New York, NY 10019, United States; Columbia University, United States; New York State Psychiatric Institute, United States
| | - Helen Mayberg
- Depression Task Force, Hope for Depression Research Foundation, New York, NY 10019, United States; Emory University, United States
| | - Bruce McEwen
- Depression Task Force, Hope for Depression Research Foundation, New York, NY 10019, United States; Rockefeller University, United States
| | - Michael J Meaney
- Depression Task Force, Hope for Depression Research Foundation, New York, NY 10019, United States; McGill University, United States; Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Singapore
| | - Eric J Nestler
- Depression Task Force, Hope for Depression Research Foundation, New York, NY 10019, United States; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Rahman MS, Millischer V, Zeebari Z, Forsell Y, Lavebratt C. BDNF Val66Met and childhood adversity on response to physical exercise and internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy in depressed Swedish adults. J Psychiatr Res 2017; 93:50-58. [PMID: 28578208 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The genetic effect of Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) on treatment response in depression is not consistent in the literature. Childhood adversity is a known risk factor for depression which has been reported to increase depression susceptibility by interacting with BDNF genetic variation. We aimed to explore whether the BDNF variation Val66Met and childhood adversity (CA) predicted the treatment response to a 12-week intervention with physical exercise (PE) or internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy (ICBT) when compared with treatment as usual (TAU). A prospective cohort study nested within a randomised control trial was conducted using data from 547 participants with mild to moderate depression. Depression severity at baseline and follow-up was measured using the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale. Met allele carriers without exposure to CA and current antidepressant use showed higher treatment response to PE than Val homozygotes. There was no evidence to support that BDNF Val66Met or CA alone predicted treatment response to PE and ICBT. The Met carriers had higher serum mature BDNF level. These data suggest that Met allele carriers benefit more from PE treatment but only if they are not exposed to early adversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Shafiqur Rahman
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vincent Millischer
- Neurogenetics Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zangin Zeebari
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yvonne Forsell
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Catharina Lavebratt
- Neurogenetics Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Halldorsdottir T, Binder EB. Gene × Environment Interactions: From Molecular Mechanisms to Behavior. Annu Rev Psychol 2017; 68:215-241. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-010416-044053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thorhildur Halldorsdottir
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany;
| | - Elisabeth B. Binder
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany;
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Lv X, Si T, Wang G, Wang H, Liu Q, Hu C, Wang J, Su Y, Huang Y, Jiang H, Yu X. The establishment of the objective diagnostic markers and personalized medical intervention in patients with major depressive disorder: rationale and protocol. BMC Psychiatry 2016; 16:240. [PMID: 27422150 PMCID: PMC4946102 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-016-0953-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorders (MDD) is a common mental disorder with high prevalence, frequent relapse and associated with heavy disease burden. Heritability, environment and their interaction play important roles in the development of MDD. MDD patients usually display a wide variation in clinical symptoms and signs, while the diagnosis of MDD is relatively subjective. The treatment response varies substantially between different subtypes of MDD patients and only half respond adequately to the first antidepressant. This study aims to define subtypes of MDD, develop multi-dimension diagnostic test and combined predictors for improving the diagnostic accuracy and promoting personalized intervention in MDD patients. METHODS/DESIGN This is a multi-center, multi-stage and prospective study. The first stage of this study is a case-control study, aims to explore the risk factors for developing MDD and then define the subtypes of MDD using 1200 MDD patients and 1200 healthy controls with a set of questionnaire. The second stage is a diagnostic test, aims to indentify and replicate the potential indicators to assist MDD diagnosis using 600 MDD patients and 300 healthy controls from the first stage with a set of questionnaire, neuropsychological assessment and a series of biomarkers. The third stage is a 96-week longitudinal study, including 8-week acute period treatment and 88-week stable period treatment, aims to identify overall predictors of treatment effectiveness on MDD at week 8 post treatment and to explore the predictors on MDD prognosis in the following 2 years using 600 MDD patients from the first stage with a set of questionnaire, neuropsychological assessment and a series of biomarkers. The primary outcome measure is the change of the total score of 17-Item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. DISCUSSION This study will provide strong and suitable evidence for enhancing the accuracy of MDD diagnosis and promoting personalized treatment for MDD patients in clinical practice. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02023567 ; registration date: December 2013.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhen Lv
- Peking University Sixth Hospital (Institute of Mental Health), Beijing, China ,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory for Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianmei Si
- Peking University Sixth Hospital (Institute of Mental Health), Beijing, China ,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory for Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huali Wang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital (Institute of Mental Health), Beijing, China ,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory for Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital (Institute of Mental Health), Beijing, China ,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory for Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Changqing Hu
- Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital (Institute of Mental Health), Beijing, China ,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory for Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunai Su
- Peking University Sixth Hospital (Institute of Mental Health), Beijing, China ,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory for Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Huang
- National Engineering Research Center for Software Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- National Engineering Research Center for Software Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital (Institute of Mental Health), Beijing, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory for Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Demirkan A, Lahti J, Direk N, Viktorin A, Lunetta KL, Terracciano A, Nalls MA, Tanaka T, Hek K, Fornage M, Wellmann J, Cornelis MC, Ollila HM, Yu L, Smith JA, Pilling LC, Isaacs A, Palotie A, Zhuang WV, Zonderman A, Faul JD, Sutin A, Meirelles O, Mulas A, Hofman A, Uitterlinden A, Rivadeneira F, Perola M, Zhao W, Salomaa V, Yaffe K, Luik AI, Liu Y, Ding J, Lichtenstein P, Landén M, Widen E, Weir DR, Llewellyn DJ, Murray A, Kardia SLR, Eriksson JG, Koenen K, Magnusson PKE, Ferrucci L, Mosley TH, Cucca F, Oostra BA, Bennett DA, Paunio T, Berger K, Harris TB, Pedersen NL, Murabito JM, Tiemeier H, van Duijn CM, Räikkönen K. Somatic, positive and negative domains of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) scale: a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies. Psychol Med 2016; 46:1613-23. [PMID: 26997408 PMCID: PMC5812462 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291715002081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is moderately heritable, however genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for MDD, as well as for related continuous outcomes, have not shown consistent results. Attempts to elucidate the genetic basis of MDD may be hindered by heterogeneity in diagnosis. The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) scale provides a widely used tool for measuring depressive symptoms clustered in four different domains which can be combined together into a total score but also can be analysed as separate symptom domains. METHOD We performed a meta-analysis of GWAS of the CES-D symptom clusters. We recruited 12 cohorts with the 20- or 10-item CES-D scale (32 528 persons). RESULTS One single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs713224, located near the brain-expressed melatonin receptor (MTNR1A) gene, was associated with the somatic complaints domain of depression symptoms, with borderline genome-wide significance (p discovery = 3.82 × 10-8). The SNP was analysed in an additional five cohorts comprising the replication sample (6813 persons). However, the association was not consistent among the replication sample (p discovery+replication = 1.10 × 10-6) with evidence of heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS Despite the effort to harmonize the phenotypes across cohorts and participants, our study is still underpowered to detect consistent association for depression, even by means of symptom classification. On the contrary, the SNP-based heritability and co-heritability estimation results suggest that a very minor part of the variation could be captured by GWAS, explaining the reason of sparse findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. Demirkan
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Departments of Epidemiology and Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J. Lahti
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - N. Direk
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A. Viktorin
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - K. L. Lunetta
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A. Terracciano
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - M. A. Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - T. Tanaka
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - K. Hek
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Epidemiological and Social Psychiatric Research Institute, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M. Fornage
- Houston Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J. Wellmann
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - M. C. Cornelis
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - H. M. Ollila
- Public Health Genomics Unit and Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - L. Yu
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - J. A. Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - A. Isaacs
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Departments of Epidemiology and Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A. Palotie
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - W. V. Zhuang
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - A. Zonderman
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - J. D. Faul
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - A. Sutin
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - O. Meirelles
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - A. Mulas
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, CNR, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - A. Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A. Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Member of Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging sponsored by Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - F. Rivadeneira
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Member of Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging sponsored by Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M. Perola
- Public Health Genomics Unit and Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - W. Zhao
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - V. Salomaa
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - K. Yaffe
- Departments of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - A. I. Luik
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - NABEC
- North American Brain Expression Consortium, USA
| | - UKBEC
- UK Brain Expression Consortium, UK
| | - Y. Liu
- Center for Human Genomics, Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - J. Ding
- Geriatrics & Gerontology, Sticht Center on Aging, Wake Forest University, Primate Center, Epidemiology & Prevention, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - P. Lichtenstein
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M. Landén
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - E. Widen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - D. R. Weir
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - A. Murray
- University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - S. L. R. Kardia
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - J. G. Eriksson
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - K. Koenen
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - P. K. E. Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L. Ferrucci
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - T. H. Mosley
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - F. Cucca
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, CNR, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - B. A. Oostra
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Departments of Epidemiology and Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D. A. Bennett
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - T. Paunio
- Public Health Genomics Unit and Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - K. Berger
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - T. B. Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Ageing, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - N. L. Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J. M. Murabito
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Internal Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - H. Tiemeier
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C. M. van Duijn
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Departments of Epidemiology and Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Member of Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging sponsored by Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - K. Räikkönen
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Xu A, Cui S, Wang JH. Incoordination among Subcellular Compartments Is Associated with Depression-Like Behavior Induced by Chronic Mild Stress. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2016; 19:pyv122. [PMID: 26506857 PMCID: PMC4886664 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyv122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder is characterized as persistent low mood. A chronically stressful life in genetically susceptible individuals is presumably the major etiology that leads to dysfunctions of monoamine and hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis. These pathogenic factors cause neuron atrophy in the limbic system for major depressive disorder. Cell-specific pathophysiology is unclear, so we investigated prelimbic cortical GABAergic neurons and their interaction with glutamatergic neurons in depression-like mice. METHODS Mice were treated with chronic unpredictable mild stress for 3 weeks until they expressed depression-like behaviors confirmed by sucrose preference, Y-maze, and forced swimming tests. The structures and functions of GABAergic and glutamatergic units in prelimbic cortices were studied by cell imaging and electrophysiology in chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depression mice vs controls. RESULTS In depression-like mice, prelimbic cortical GABAergic neurons show incoordination among the subcellular compartments, such as decreased excitability and synaptic outputs as well as increased reception from excitatory inputs. GABAergic synapses on glutamatergic cells demonstrate decreased presynaptic innervation and increased postsynaptic responsiveness. CONCLUSIONS Chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced incoordination in prelimbic cortical GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons dysregulates their target neurons, which may be the pathological basis for depressive mood. The rebalance of compatibility among subcellular compartments would be an ideal strategy to treat neural disorders.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Behavior, Animal
- Chronic Disease
- Depressive Disorder, Major/etiology
- Depressive Disorder, Major/metabolism
- Depressive Disorder, Major/physiopathology
- Depressive Disorder, Major/psychology
- Dietary Sucrose/administration & dosage
- Disease Models, Animal
- Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials
- Food Preferences
- GABAergic Neurons/metabolism
- Glutamic Acid/metabolism
- In Vitro Techniques
- Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potentials
- Male
- Maze Learning
- Mice, Transgenic
- Motor Activity
- Neural Inhibition
- Neural Pathways/metabolism
- Neural Pathways/physiopathology
- Prefrontal Cortex/metabolism
- Prefrontal Cortex/physiopathology
- Stress, Psychological/complications
- Stress, Psychological/metabolism
- Stress, Psychological/physiopathology
- Stress, Psychological/psychology
- Swimming
- Time Factors
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aiping Xu
- College of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei Anhui, China (Ms Xu and Dr Wang); State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (Ms Xu, Ms Cui, and Dr Wang); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (Dr Wang)
| | - Shan Cui
- College of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei Anhui, China (Ms Xu and Dr Wang); State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (Ms Xu, Ms Cui, and Dr Wang); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (Dr Wang)
| | - Jin-Hui Wang
- College of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei Anhui, China (Ms Xu and Dr Wang); State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (Ms Xu, Ms Cui, and Dr Wang); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (Dr Wang).
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Keers R, Coleman JR, Lester KJ, Roberts S, Breen G, Thastum M, Bögels S, Schneider S, Heiervang E, Meiser-Stedman R, Nauta M, Creswell C, Thirlwall K, Rapee RM, Hudson JL, Lewis C, Plomin R, Eley TC. A Genome-Wide Test of the Differential Susceptibility Hypothesis Reveals a Genetic Predictor of Differential Response to Psychological Treatments for Child Anxiety Disorders. PSYCHOTHERAPY AND PSYCHOSOMATICS 2016; 85:146-58. [PMID: 27043157 PMCID: PMC5079103 DOI: 10.1159/000444023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The differential susceptibly hypothesis suggests that certain genetic variants moderate the effects of both negative and positive environments on mental health and may therefore be important predictors of response to psychological treatments. Nevertheless, the identification of such variants has so far been limited to preselected candidate genes. In this study we extended the differential susceptibility hypothesis from a candidate gene to a genome-wide approach to test whether a polygenic score of environmental sensitivity predicted response to cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) in children with anxiety disorders. METHODS We identified variants associated with environmental sensitivity using a novel method in which within-pair variability in emotional problems in 1,026 monozygotic twin pairs was examined as a function of the pairs' genotype. We created a polygenic score of environmental sensitivity based on the whole-genome findings and tested the score as a moderator of parenting on emotional problems in 1,406 children and response to individual, group and brief parent-led CBT in 973 children with anxiety disorders. RESULTS The polygenic score significantly moderated the effects of parenting on emotional problems and the effects of treatment. Individuals with a high score responded significantly better to individual CBT than group CBT or brief parent-led CBT (remission rates: 70.9, 55.5 and 41.6%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Pending successful replication, our results should be considered exploratory. Nevertheless, if replicated, they suggest that individuals with the greatest environmental sensitivity may be more likely to develop emotional problems in adverse environments but also benefit more from the most intensive types of treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Keers
- Department of Biological and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, UK
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jonathan R.I. Coleman
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Kathryn J. Lester
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Susanna Roberts
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Gerome Breen
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mikael Thastum
- Department of Psychology, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Susan Bögels
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Einar Heiervang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Anxiety Research Network, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Maaike Nauta
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cathy Creswell
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Kerstin Thirlwall
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Ronald M. Rapee
- Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, N.S.W., Australia
| | - Jennifer L. Hudson
- Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, N.S.W., Australia
| | - Cathryn Lewis
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Robert Plomin
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Thalia C. Eley
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Kang HJ, Yoon S, Lyoo IK. Peripheral Biomarker Candidates of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Exp Neurobiol 2015; 24:186-96. [PMID: 26412967 PMCID: PMC4580745 DOI: 10.5607/en.2015.24.3.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is high variability in the manifestation of physical and mental health problems following exposure to trauma and disaster. Although most people may show a range of acute symptoms in the aftermath of traumatic events, chronic and persistent mental disorders may not be developed in all individuals who were exposed to traumatic events. The most common long-term pathological consequence after trauma exposure is posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, comorbid conditions including depression, anxiety disorder, substance use-related problems, and a variety of other symptoms may frequently be observed in individuals with trauma exposure. Post-traumatic syndrome (PTS) is defined collectively as vast psychosocial problems that could be experienced in response to traumatic events. It is important to predict who will continue to suffer from physical and mental health problems and who will recover following trauma exposure. However, given the heterogeneity and variability in symptom manifestations, it is difficult to find identify biomarkers which predict the development of PTSD. In this review, we will summarize the results of recent studies with regard to putative biomarkers of PTSD and suggest future research directions for biomarker discovery for PTSD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jin Kang
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Sujung Yoon
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - In Kyoon Lyoo
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea. ; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea. ; College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
McGuffin P, Rivera M. The interaction between stress and genetic factors in the etiopathogenesis of depression. World Psychiatry 2015; 14:161-3. [PMID: 26043326 PMCID: PMC4471965 DOI: 10.1002/wps.20230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Peter McGuffin
- Medical Research Council Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondon, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Margarita Rivera
- Medical Research Council Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondon, SE5 8AF, UK,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental CIBERSAM-University of Granada18100, Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Behavioral and molecular responses to electroconvulsive shock differ between genetic and environmental rat models of depression. Psychiatry Res 2015; 226:451-60. [PMID: 25708608 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.12.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Depression׳s causes play a role in individuals׳ different responses to antidepressant treatments, which require advancements. We investigated the mechanisms behind and responses to a highly effective antidepressant treatment, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), in rat models with different (genetic or environmental) depression causes. Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats and Wistar rats treated with chronic unpredictable mild stresses (CUMS) were used as genetic and environmental rat models of depression, respectively. The rats underwent electroconvulsive shock (ECS, the animal analog of ECT) or sham ECS. We performed a sucrose preference test, open field test, and Morris water maze to assess behavior. Hippocampal neuron numbers were measured with Nissl stain. Hippocampal BDNF, CREB, and p-CREB proteins were assayed with ELISA or western blotting. The main results showed that ECS impaired WKY rats׳ memories but improved CUMS rats׳ memories. It elevated hippocampal BDNF and CREB proteins only in CUMS rats, while it improved depressive behavior and hippocampal p-CREB protein levels in both rats, with more effective regulations in the CUMS rats. ECS did not change the hippocampal neuron number in both rats. These findings suggest that ECS exerted up-regulating effects on hippocampal BDNF and CREB (and its phosphorylation) in depressed rats, and the environmental model responded better.
Collapse
|
44
|
Hu Q, Zhang SY, Liu F, Zhang XJ, Cui GC, Yu EQ, Xu XF, Li P, Xiao JQ, Wei DM, Zang YY. Influence of GNB3 C825T polymorphism on the efficacy of antidepressants in the treatment of major depressive disorder: A meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2015; 172:103-9. [PMID: 25451402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We performed the present meta-analysis in order to evaluate the influence of a common polymorphism (C825T, rs5443 C>T) in the GNB3 gene on the efficacy of antidepressants in the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). METHOD A relevant literature was searched using the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CISCOM, CINAHL, Google Scholar, CBM and CNKI databases without any language restrictions. STATA Version 12.0 software (Stata Corporation, College Station, Texas USA) was used for this meta-analysis. Odds ratio (OR) and its corresponding 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated. RESULTS Our findings suggested that the GNB3 C825T polymorphism was significantly correlated with a higher response rate to antidepressants in MDD patients under the allele and dominant models. Furthermore, we found significant associations between GNB3 C825T polymorphisms and antidepressant-induced remission in MDD patients. Ethnicity-stratified analysis indicated that GNB3 C825T polymorphisms may be strongly related to the efficacy of antidepressants in the treatment of MDD among Asians, but not in Caucasians (all P>0.05). CONCLUSION Our findings provide empirical evidence that GNB3 C825T polymorphisms may be correlated with the efficacy of antidepressants in the treatment of MDD, especially among Asians patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Hu
- Department of Psychology, Qiqihar Mental Health Center, Linhua Road No. 6, Jianhua District, Qiqihar 161000, China.
| | - Sheng-Yu Zhang
- Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, P.R. China, Guangfu Road No. 1347, Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Xiao Jie Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161000, China
| | - Guang-Cheng Cui
- Mental Health Institute, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161000, China
| | - En-Qing Yu
- Research Center, Qiqihar Mental Health Center, Qiqihar 161000, China
| | - Xian-Feng Xu
- Research Center, Qiqihar Mental Health Center, Qiqihar 161000, China
| | - Ping Li
- Mental Health Institute, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161000, China
| | - Jian-Qi Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Qiqihar City, Qiqihar 161000, China
| | - Dong-Mei Wei
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Hospital of Qiqihar City, Qiqihar 161000, China
| | - Yin-Yin Zang
- Center for the Treatment and Study of Anxiety, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Caldarone BJ, Zachariou V, King SL. Rodent models of treatment-resistant depression. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 753:51-65. [PMID: 25460020 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.10.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Major depression is a prevalent and debilitating disorder and a substantial proportion of patients fail to reach remission following standard antidepressant pharmacological treatment. Limited efficacy with currently available antidepressant drugs highlights the need to develop more effective medications for treatment- resistant patients and emphasizes the importance of developing better preclinical models that focus on treatment- resistant populations. This review discusses methods to adapt and refine rodent behavioral models that are predictive of antidepressant efficacy to identify populations that show reduced responsiveness or are resistant to traditional antidepressants. Methods include separating antidepressant responders from non-responders, administering treatments that render animals resistant to traditional pharmacological treatments, and identifying genetic models that show antidepressant resistance. This review also examines pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments regimes that have been effective in refractory patients and how some of these approaches have been used to validate animal models of treatment-resistant depression. The goals in developing rodent models of treatment-resistant depression are to understand the neurobiological mechanisms involved in antidepressant resistance and to develop valid models to test novel therapies that would be effective in patients that do not respond to traditional monoaminergic antidepressants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara J Caldarone
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and NeuroBehavior Laboratory, Harvard NeuroDiscovery Center, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Venetia Zachariou
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Sarah L King
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, East Sussex, UK
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Lin JY, Jiang MY, Kan ZM, Chu Y. Influence of 5-HTR2A genetic polymorphisms on the efficacy of antidepressants in the treatment of major depressive disorder: a meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2014; 168:430-8. [PMID: 25108775 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the current meta-analysis was to assess the influence of common genetic polymorphisms in the 5-HTR2A gene on the efficacy of antidepressants in the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). METHOD MEDLINE (1966-2013), Cochrane Library Database (Issue 12, 2013), EMBASE (1980-2013), CINAHL (1982-2013), Web of Science (1945-2013) and Chinese Biomedical Database (CBM) (1982-2013) were searched without language restrictions. Meta-analysis was performed using the STATA statistical software. We calculated the odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (95% CI) to estimate the efficacy of antidepressants in the treatment of MDD. RESULTS Eleven studies with a total of 1775 MDD patients met the inclusion criteria of this meta-analysis. Three common polymorphisms in the 5-HTR2A gene were assessed, including rs6311 C>T, rs7997012 G>A, and rs6313 T>C. Our findings suggested that the 5-HTR2A rs6313 T>C polymorphism was significantly correlated with a higher response rate to antidepressants in MDD patients (allele model: OR=1.33, 95% CI=1.05-1.68, P=0.020; dominant model: OR=1.62, 95% CI=1.21-2.18, P=0.001; homozygous model: OR=1.85, 95% CI=1.18-2.90, P=0.008). The rs7997012 G>A polymorphism was also associated with a higher response rate to antidepressants in MDD patients under the dominant model (OR=1.92, 95% CI=1.02-3.61, P=0.044). However, no significant correlation was found for the 5-HTR2A rs6311 C>T polymorphism under five genetic models (all P>0.05). CONCLUSION Our findings provide empirical evidence that the 5-HTR2A rs6313 T>C and rs7997012 G>A polymorphism may be correlated with the efficacy of antidepressants in the treatment of MDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Yang Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Nanjing Street No. 155, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, PR China.
| | - Ming-Yan Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Nanjing Street No. 155, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, PR China
| | - Zhou-Mi Kan
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Nanjing Street No. 155, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, PR China
| | - Yang Chu
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Nanjing Street No. 155, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Zink M. Comorbid Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms in Schizophrenia: Insight into Pathomechanisms Facilitates Treatment. Adv Med 2014; 2014:317980. [PMID: 26556409 PMCID: PMC4590963 DOI: 10.1155/2014/317980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Insight into the biological pathomechanism of a clinical syndrome facilitates the development of effective interventions. This paper applies this perspective to the important clinical problem of obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) occurring during the lifetime diagnosis of schizophrenia. Up to 25% of schizophrenia patients suffer from OCS and about 12% fulfil the diagnostic criteria of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). This is accompanied by marked subjective burden of disease, high levels of anxiety, depression and suicidality, increased neurocognitive impairment, less favourable levels of social and vocational functioning, and greater service utilization. Comorbid patients can be assigned to heterogeneous subgroups. It is assumed that second generation antipsychotics (SGAs), most importantly clozapine, might aggravate or even induce second-onset OCS. Several epidemiological and pharmacological arguments support this assumption. Specific genetic risk factors seem to dispose patients with schizophrenia to develop OCS and risk-conferring polymorphisms has been defined in SLC1A1, BDNF, DLGAP3, and GRIN2B and in interactions between these individual genes. Further research is needed with detailed characterization of large samples. In particular interactions between genetic risk constellations, pharmacological and psychosocial factors should be analysed. Results will further define homogeneous subgroups, which are in need for differential causative interventions. In clinical practise, schizophrenia patients should be carefully monitored for OCS, starting with at-risk mental states of psychosis and longitudinal follow-ups, hopefully leading to the development of multimodal therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Zink
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, P.O. Box 12 21 20, 68072 Mannheim, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
van Zyl PJ, Dimatelis JJ, Russell VA. Changes in behavior and ultrasonic vocalizations during antidepressant treatment in the maternally separated Wistar-Kyoto rat model of depression. Metab Brain Dis 2014; 29:495-507. [PMID: 24338028 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-013-9463-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Genetic predisposition and stress are major factors in depression. The objective of this study was to establish a robust animal model of depression by selecting the appropriate substrain of the Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rat, and subjecting these rats to the stress of maternal separation during the early stages of development. The initial experiment identified WKY/NCrl as the appropriate substrain of WKY to use for the study. In the second part of the study, depression-like behavior and ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) were recorded in WKY/NCrl and maternally separated WKY/NCrl rats during the course of reversal of depression-like behavior. Wistar rats served as the reference strain. In adulthood, non-separated WKY/NCrl, maternally separated WKY/NCrl and Wistar rats were injected intraperitoneally with either saline or desipramine (15 mg/kg/day) for 15 days and their behavior recorded. Desipramine decreased immobility and increased active swimming and struggling behavior of WKY/NCrl in the FST and also decreased their USVs in response to removal of cage mates. The USVs in this study appeared to signal an attempt to re-establish social contact with cage mates and provided a measure of social dependence. Maternally separated WKY/NCrl rats displayed more anxiety than normally reared WKY/NCrl rats and responded to the anxiolytic effects of desipramine. The present findings support the use of WKY/NCrl as an animal model of depression. Maternal separation increased the anxiety-like behavior of the WKY/NCrl, thus providing a robust model to study depression- and anxiety-related behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P J van Zyl
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa,
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Malki K, Keers R, Tosto MG, Lourdusamy A, Carboni L, Domenici E, Uher R, McGuffin P, Schalkwyk LC. The endogenous and reactive depression subtypes revisited: integrative animal and human studies implicate multiple distinct molecular mechanisms underlying major depressive disorder. BMC Med 2014; 12:73. [PMID: 24886127 PMCID: PMC4046519 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7015-12-73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional diagnoses of major depressive disorder (MDD) suggested that the presence or absence of stress prior to onset results in either 'reactive' or 'endogenous' subtypes of the disorder, respectively. Several lines of research suggest that the biological underpinnings of 'reactive' or 'endogenous' subtypes may also differ, resulting in differential response to treatment. We investigated this hypothesis by comparing the gene-expression profiles of three animal models of 'reactive' and 'endogenous' depression. We then translated these findings to clinical samples using a human post-mortem mRNA study. METHODS Affymetrix mouse whole-genome oligonucleotide arrays were used to measure gene expression from hippocampal tissues of 144 mice from the Genome-based Therapeutic Drugs for Depression (GENDEP) project. The study used four inbred mouse strains and two depressogenic 'stress' protocols (maternal separation and Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress) to model 'reactive' depression. Stress-related mRNA differences in mouse were compared with a parallel mRNA study using Flinders Sensitive and Resistant rat lines as a model of 'endogenous' depression. Convergent genes differentially expressed across the animal studies were used to inform candidate gene selection in a human mRNA post-mortem case control study from the Stanley Brain Consortium. RESULTS In the mouse 'reactive' model, the expression of 350 genes changed in response to early stresses and 370 in response to late stresses. A minimal genetic overlap (less than 8.8%) was detected in response to both stress protocols, but 30% of these genes (21) were also differentially regulated in the 'endogenous' rat study. This overlap is significantly greater than expected by chance. The VAMP-2 gene, differentially expressed across the rodent studies, was also significantly altered in the human study after correcting for multiple testing. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that 'endogenous' and 'reactive' subtypes of depression are associated with largely distinct changes in gene-expression. However, they also suggest that the molecular signature of 'reactive' depression caused by early stressors differs considerably from that of 'reactive' depression caused by late stressors. A small set of genes was consistently dysregulated across each paradigm and in post-mortem brain tissue of depressed patients suggesting a final common pathway to the disorder. These genes included the VAMP-2 gene, which has previously been associated with Axis-I disorders including MDD, bipolar depression, schizophrenia and with antidepressant treatment response. We also discuss the implications of our findings for disease classification, personalized medicine and case-control studies of MDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karim Malki
- King’s College London, MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, at Institute of Psychiatry, SGDP Research Centre (PO80), De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Robert Keers
- King’s College London, MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, at Institute of Psychiatry, SGDP Research Centre (PO80), De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Maria Grazia Tosto
- King’s College London, MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, at Institute of Psychiatry, SGDP Research Centre (PO80), De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York, UK
| | | | - Lucia Carboni
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Enrico Domenici
- Center of Excellence for Drug Discovery in Neuroscience, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Verona, Italy
- Current address: Pharma Research and Early Development, F. Hoffmann–La Roche, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rudolf Uher
- King’s College London, MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, at Institute of Psychiatry, SGDP Research Centre (PO80), De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Peter McGuffin
- King’s College London, MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, at Institute of Psychiatry, SGDP Research Centre (PO80), De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Leonard C Schalkwyk
- King’s College London, MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, at Institute of Psychiatry, SGDP Research Centre (PO80), De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, UK
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Translation gone awry: differences between commonsense and science. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2014; 23:247-55. [PMID: 24141476 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-013-0483-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A general assumption is that science is just organised commonsense. It is noted that translation involves a two-way pathway between basic laboratory science and patient care, and that some scientific findings have implications for prevention rather than treatment. A succinct critique follows on the key features that differentiate science and commonsense. The main part of the paper discusses six rather different examples of translation that went awry because people treated science and commonsense as equivalent. Examples based on empirical evidence of translation going awry include (i) the claim that only early intervention can bring lasting benefits; (ii) the claim that the main policy goal for children should be the elimination of all stresses; (iii) the claim that exposure in utero to maternal smoking causes ADHD and conduct disturbance; (iv) the claim that tax benefits should be used to encourage couples to marry; (v) the effects of profound institutional deprivation are similar to those of any adversity; and (vi) environmental effects are largely independent of genetic influences. Much of science is 'unnatural' in the sense that technical tools (such as imaging or DNA) are employed, or because animal models are used, or because unusual comparisons are made. Science cannot be based solely on an inductive process; rather, there must be some form of experiment and the testing of two or more alternative explanations. Translation needs to be based on top quality science and an appreciation that even the best science needs to take account of multiple strategies and multiple evaluations.
Collapse
|