1
|
Lv J, Liu G, Ju Y, Huang H, Sun Y. AADB: A Manually Collected Database for Combinations of Antibiotics With Adjuvants. IEEE/ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS 2023; 20:2827-2836. [PMID: 37279138 DOI: 10.1109/tcbb.2023.3283221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a global public health concern. The lack of innovations in antibiotic development has led to renewed interest in antibiotic adjuvants. However, there is no database to collect antibiotic adjuvants. Herein, we build a comprehensive database named Antibiotic Adjuvant DataBase (AADB) by manually collecting relevant literature. Specifically, AADB includes 3,035 combinations of antibiotics with adjuvants, covering 83 antibiotics, 226 adjuvants, and 325 bacterial strains. AADB provides user-friendly interfaces for searching and downloading. Users can easily obtain these datasets for further analysis. In addition, we also collected related datasets (e.g., chemogenomic and metabolomic data) and proposed a computational strategy to dissect these datasets. As a test case, we identified 10 candidates for minocycline, and 6 of 10 candidates are the known adjuvants that synergize with minocycline to inhibit the growth of E. coli BW25113. We hope that AADB can help users to identify effective antibiotic adjuvants. AADB is freely available at http://www.acdb.plus/AADB.
Collapse
|
2
|
Role of Implantable Drug Delivery Devices with Dual Platform Capabilities in the Prevention and Treatment of Bacterial Osteomyelitis. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9020065. [PMID: 35200418 PMCID: PMC8869141 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9020065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
As medicine advances and physicians are able to provide patients with innovative solutions, including placement of temporary or permanent medical devices that drastically improve quality of life of the patient, there is the persistent, recurring problem of chronic bacterial infection, including osteomyelitis. Osteomyelitis can manifest as a result of traumatic or contaminated wounds or implant-associated infections. This bacterial infection can persist as a result of inadequate treatment regimens or the presence of biofilm on implanted medical devices. One strategy to mitigate these concerns is the use of implantable medical devices that simultaneously act as local drug delivery devices (DDDs). This classification of device has the potential to prevent or aid in clearing chronic bacterial infection by delivering effective doses of antibiotics to the area of interest and can be engineered to simultaneously aid in tissue regeneration. This review will provide a background on bacterial infection and current therapies as well as current and prospective implantable DDDs, with a particular emphasis on local DDDs to combat bacterial osteomyelitis.
Collapse
|
3
|
Uddin TM, Chakraborty AJ, Khusro A, Zidan BRM, Mitra S, Emran TB, Dhama K, Ripon MKH, Gajdács M, Sahibzada MUK, Hossain MJ, Koirala N. Antibiotic resistance in microbes: History, mechanisms, therapeutic strategies and future prospects. J Infect Public Health 2021; 14:1750-1766. [PMID: 34756812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2021.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics have been used to cure bacterial infections for more than 70 years, and these low-molecular-weight bioactive agents have also been used for a variety of other medicinal applications. In the battle against microbes, antibiotics have certainly been a blessing to human civilization by saving millions of lives. Globally, infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria are on the rise. Antibiotics are being used to combat diversified bacterial infections. Synthetic biology techniques, in combination with molecular, functional genomic, and metagenomic studies of bacteria, plants, and even marine invertebrates are aimed at unlocking the world's natural products faster than previous methods of antibiotic discovery. There are currently only few viable remedies, potential preventive techniques, and a limited number of antibiotics, thereby necessitating the discovery of innovative medicinal approaches and antimicrobial therapies. MDR is also facilitated by biofilms, which makes infection control more complex. In this review, we have spotlighted comprehensively various aspects of antibiotics viz. overview of antibiotics era, mode of actions of antibiotics, development and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in bacteria, and future strategies to fight the emerging antimicrobial resistant threat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanvir Mahtab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.
| | - Arka Jyoti Chakraborty
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.
| | - Ameer Khusro
- Research Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Loyola College, Nungambakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Bm Redwan Matin Zidan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.
| | - Saikat Mitra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh.
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Md Kamal Hossain Ripon
- Department of Pharmacy, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Tangail 1902, Bangladesh.
| | - Márió Gajdács
- Department of Oral Biology and Experimental Dental Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | | | - Md Jamal Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, 77 Satmasjid Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh.
| | - Niranjan Koirala
- Department of Natural Products Research, Dr. Koirala Research Institute for Biotechnology and Biodiversity, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Synthesis and Characterization of 2-Decenoic Acid Modified Chitosan for Infection Prevention and Tissue Engineering. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19100556. [PMID: 34677455 PMCID: PMC8538315 DOI: 10.3390/md19100556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan nanofiber membranes are recognized as functional antimicrobial materials, as they can effectively provide a barrier that guides tissue growth and supports healing. Methods to stabilize nanofibers in aqueous solutions include acylation with fatty acids. Modification with fatty acids that also have antimicrobial and biofilm-resistant properties may be particularly beneficial in tissue regeneration applications. This study investigated the ability to customize the fatty acid attachment by acyl chlorides to include antimicrobial 2-decenoic acid. Synthesis of 2-decenoyl chloride was followed by acylation of electrospun chitosan membranes in pyridine. Physicochemical properties were characterized through scanning electron microscopy, FTIR, contact angle, and thermogravimetric analysis. The ability of membranes to resist biofilm formation by S. aureus and P. aeruginosa was evaluated by direct inoculation. Cytocompatibility was evaluated by adding membranes to cultures of NIH3T3 fibroblast cells. Acylation with chlorides stabilized nanofibers in aqueous media without significant swelling of fibers and increased hydrophobicity of the membranes. Acyl-modified membranes reduced both S. aureus and P.aeruginosa bacterial biofilm formation on membrane while also supporting fibroblast growth. Acylated chitosan membranes may be useful as wound dressings, guided regeneration scaffolds, local drug delivery, or filtration.
Collapse
|
5
|
ddcP, pstB, and excess D-lactate impact synergism between vancomycin and chlorhexidine against Enterococcus faecium 1,231,410. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249631. [PMID: 33831063 PMCID: PMC8031426 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are important nosocomial pathogens that cause life-threatening infections. To control hospital-associated infections, skin antisepsis and bathing utilizing chlorhexidine is recommended for VRE patients in acute care hospitals. Previously, we reported that exposure to inhibitory chlorhexidine levels induced the expression of vancomycin resistance genes in VanA-type Enterococcus faecium. However, vancomycin susceptibility actually increased for VanA-type E. faecium in the presence of chlorhexidine. Hence, a synergistic effect of the two antimicrobials was observed. In this study, we used multiple approaches to investigate the mechanism of synergism between chlorhexidine and vancomycin in the VanA-type VRE strain E. faecium 1,231,410. We generated clean deletions of 7 of 11 pbp, transpeptidase, and carboxypeptidase genes in this strain (ponA, pbpF, pbpZ, pbpA, ddcP, ldtfm, and vanY). Deletion of ddcP, encoding a membrane-bound carboxypeptidase, altered the synergism phenotype. Furthermore, using in vitro evolution, we isolated a spontaneous synergy escaper mutant and utilized whole genome sequencing to determine that a mutation in pstB, encoding an ATPase of phosphate-specific transporters, also altered synergism. Finally, addition of excess D-lactate, but not D-alanine, enhanced synergism to reduce vancomycin MIC levels. Overall, our work identified factors that alter chlorhexidine and vancomycin synergism in a model VanA-type VRE strain.
Collapse
|
6
|
Pace LR, Harrison ZL, Brown MN, Haggard WO, Jennings JA. Characterization and Antibiofilm Activity of Mannitol-Chitosan-Blended Paste for Local Antibiotic Delivery System. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17090517. [PMID: 31480687 PMCID: PMC6780707 DOI: 10.3390/md17090517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mannitol, a polyalcohol bacterial metabolite, has been shown to activate dormant persister cells within bacterial biofilm. This study sought to evaluate an injectable blend of mannitol, chitosan, and polyethylene glycol for delivery of antibiotics and mannitol for eradication of Staphylococcal biofilm. Mannitol blends were injectable and had decreased dissociation and degradation in the enzyme lysozyme compared to blends without mannitol. Vancomycin and amikacin eluted in a burst response, with active concentrations extended to seven days compared to five days for blends without mannitol. Mannitol eluted from the paste in a burst the first day and continued through Day 4. Eluates from the mannitol pastes with and without antibiotics decreased viability of established S. aureus biofilm by up to 95.5% compared to blends without mannitol, which only decreased biofilm when loaded with antibiotics. Cytocompatibility tests indicated no adverse effects on viability of fibroblasts. In vivo evaluation of inflammatory response revealed mannitol blends scored within the 2–4 range at Week 1 (2.6 ± 1.1) and at Week 4 (3.0 ± 0.8), indicative of moderate inflammation and comparable to non-mannitol pastes (p = 0.065). Clinically, this paste could be loaded with clinician-selected antibiotics and used as an adjunctive therapy for musculoskeletal infection prevention and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leslie R Pace
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herff College of Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Zoe L Harrison
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herff College of Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Madison N Brown
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herff College of Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Warren O Haggard
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herff College of Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - J Amber Jennings
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herff College of Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wells CM, Beenken KE, Smeltzer MS, Courtney HS, Jennings JA, Haggard WO. Ciprofloxacin and Rifampin Dual Antibiotic-Loaded Biopolymer Chitosan Sponge for Bacterial Inhibition. Mil Med 2019; 183:433-444. [PMID: 29635619 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usx150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex extremity wounds in Wounded Warriors can become contaminated with microbes, which may cause clinical outcomes resulting in amputation, morbidity, or even fatality. Local delivery of multiple or broad-spectrum antibiotics allows practicing clinicians treatment solutions that may inhibit biofilm formation. Propagation of vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is also a growing concern. The development of vancomycin-resistant S. aureus has become a critical challenge in nosocomial infection prevention in the USA, but to date has seen little occurrence in osteomyelitis. As an alternative, locally delivered ciprofloxacin and rifampin were investigated in a preclinical model for the prevention of biofilm in complex extremity wounds with implanted fixation device. In vitro assays demonstrated ciprofloxacin and rifampin possess an additive effect against Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa and were actively eluted from a chitosan sponge based local delivery system. In an in vivo orthopedic hardware-associated polymicrobial model (S. aureus and Escherichia coli) the combination was able to achieve complete clearance of both bacterial strains. E. coli was detected in bone of untreated animals, but did not form biofilm on wires. Results reveal the clinical potential of antibiotic-loaded chitosan sponges to inhibit infection through tailored antibiotic selection at desired concentrations with efficacy towards biofilm inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M Wells
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, 3796 Norriswood Avenue, Memphis, TN 38111
| | - Karen E Beenken
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham Street, Little Rock, AR 72205
| | - Mark S Smeltzer
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham Street, Little Rock, AR 72205
| | - Harry S Courtney
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 956 Court Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163
| | - Jessica A Jennings
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, 3796 Norriswood Avenue, Memphis, TN 38111
| | - Warren O Haggard
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, 3796 Norriswood Avenue, Memphis, TN 38111
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Scaffolds Fabricated from Natural Polymers/Composites by Electrospinning for Bone Tissue Regeneration. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1078:49-78. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-0950-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
9
|
Processing and antibacterial properties of chitosan-coated alginate fibers. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 190:31-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.11.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
10
|
Tennent DJ, Shiels SM, Jennings JA, Haggard WO, Wenke JC. Local control of polymicrobial infections via a dual antibiotic delivery system. J Orthop Surg Res 2018; 13:53. [PMID: 29544509 PMCID: PMC5856197 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-018-0760-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Contaminated traumatic open orthopedic wounds are frequently complicated by polymicrobial contamination and infection. In high-risk wounds, the standard of care comprises debridement and irrigation combined with antibiotics which can be applied directly or combined with systemic antibiotics. Recently, bioabsorbable chitosan sponges have been shown to be an effective single-agent delivery device for local antibiotics with and without negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT). Severely contaminated orthopedic wounds, however, are often complicated by polymicrobial infections, necessitating multiple antibiotic agents. As such, the purpose of this study was to determine if a chitosan sponge would provide a suitable delivery vehicle for multiple antibiotics for the treatment of a polymicrobial infection in a large animal polytraumatic extremity wound model. METHODS A complex polytraumatic extremity wound was created in 11 adult male Boer goats. Each wound was contaminated with a bioluminescent strain of S. aureus (1 ml of 108 colony forming units/ml) and of P. aeruginosa (1 ml of 108 CFU/ml) which are genetically engineered to allow quantification with a photon-counting camera. Six hours following initial wound creation and contamination, wounds were debrided and irrigated with low-pressure normal saline. The animals were randomized into one of two treatments: wet-to-dry dressings alone or a commercially available chitosan sponge loaded with 1 g vancomycin and 1.2 g of tobramycin. Each animal was then recovered and reimaged 48 h later for total bacteria content; tissue samples were taken from the wound bed to determine relative bacterial colonization. RESULTS All animals in the chitosan sponge group saw significant reductions in overall bacterial load of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa (p = 0.001). The bioluminescence was also significantly reduced compared to the wet-to-dry dressing group (p = 0.0001). Furthermore, whereas the antibiotic sponge group displayed near complete eradication of bacteria, the wounds treated with the wet-to-dry dressings alone displayed a significant 2-log increase in total bacteria at 48 h p = 0.0001). S. aureus was the predominant species found in the wounds, comprising 95 and 99% of all bacteria found in the chitosan sponge and wet-to-dry, respectively. CONCLUSION Dual antimicrobial therapy loaded in a chitosan sponge is an effective way to reduce polymicrobial infections traumatic extremity wound.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David J Tennent
- United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, 3855 Roger Brooke Drive, Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX, 78234, USA. .,Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, San Antonio Military Medical Center, 3855 Roger Brooke Drive, Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX, 78234, USA.
| | - Stefanie M Shiels
- United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, 3855 Roger Brooke Drive, Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX, 78234, USA
| | - Jessica A Jennings
- Herff College of Engineering, 328D Engineering Technology Building, Memphis, TN, 38152, USA
| | - Warren O Haggard
- Herff College of Engineering, 328D Engineering Technology Building, Memphis, TN, 38152, USA
| | - Joseph C Wenke
- United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, 3855 Roger Brooke Drive, Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX, 78234, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Drug self-assembly for synthesis of highly-loaded antimicrobial drug-silica particles. Sci Rep 2018; 8:895. [PMID: 29343729 PMCID: PMC5772632 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19166-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial drug release from biomaterials for orthopedic repair and dental restorations can prevent biofilm growth and caries formation. Carriers for drug incorporation would benefit from long-term drug storage, controlled release, and structural stability. Mesoporous silica, synthesized through a co-assembly of silica and surfactant template, is an ideal drug encapsulation scaffold that maintains structural integrity upon release. However, conventional loading of drug within meso-silica pores via concentration-gradient diffusion limits the overall payload, concentration uniformity, and drug release control. Herein we demonstrate the co-assembly of an antimicrobial drug (octenidine dihydrochloride, OCT), and silica, to form highly-loaded (35% wt.) OCT-silica nanocomposite spheres of 500 nm diameter. Drug release significantly outlasted conventional OCT-loaded mesoporous silica, closely fit Higuchi models of diffusive release, and was visualized via electron microscopy. Extension of this concept to the broad collection of self-assembling drugs grants biomedical community a powerful tool for synthesizing drug-loaded inorganic nanomaterials from the bottom-up.
Collapse
|
12
|
Alehosseini A, Ghorani B, Sarabi-Jamab M, Tucker N. Principles of electrospraying: A new approach in protection of bioactive compounds in foods. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:2346-2363. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1323723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Alehosseini
- Department of Food Nanotechnology, Research Institute of Food Science & Technology (RIFST), Mashhad, Iran
| | - Behrouz Ghorani
- Department of Food Nanotechnology, Research Institute of Food Science & Technology (RIFST), Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahboobe Sarabi-Jamab
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Research Institute of Food Science & Technology (RIFST), Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nick Tucker
- School of Engineering, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Harris M, Ahmed H, Barr B, LeVine D, Pace L, Mohapatra A, Morshed B, Bumgardner JD, Jennings JA. Magnetic stimuli-responsive chitosan-based drug delivery biocomposite for multiple triggered release. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 104:1407-1414. [PMID: 28365285 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.03.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive biomaterials offer a unique advantage over traditional local drug delivery systems in that the drug elution rate can be controllably increased to combat developing symptomology or maintain high local elution levels for disease treatment. In this study, superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles and the antibiotic vancomycin were loaded into chitosan microbeads cross-linked with varying lengths of polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate. Beads were characterized using degradation, biocompatibility, and elution studies with successive magnetic stimulations at multiple field strengths and frequencies. Thirty-minute magnetic stimulation induced a temporary increase in daily elution rate of up to 45% that was dependent on field strength, field frequency and cross-linker length. Beads degraded by up to 70% after 3 days in accelerated lysozyme degradation tests, but continued to elute antibiotic for up to 8 days. No cytotoxic effects were observed in vitro compared to controls. These promising preliminary results indicate clinical potential for use in stimuli-controlled drug delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Harris
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Memphis, 3796 Norriswood Ave, Memphis TN, 38152, USA.
| | - Hamza Ahmed
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Memphis, 3796 Norriswood Ave, Memphis TN, 38152, USA
| | - Brandico Barr
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Memphis, 3796 Norriswood Ave, Memphis TN, 38152, USA
| | - David LeVine
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Memphis, 3796 Norriswood Ave, Memphis TN, 38152, USA
| | - Leslie Pace
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Memphis, 3796 Norriswood Ave, Memphis TN, 38152, USA
| | - Ankita Mohapatra
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The University of Memphis, 3796 Norriswood Ave, Memphis TN, 38152, USA
| | - Bashir Morshed
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The University of Memphis, 3796 Norriswood Ave, Memphis TN, 38152, USA
| | - Joel D Bumgardner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Memphis, 3796 Norriswood Ave, Memphis TN, 38152, USA
| | - Jessica Amber Jennings
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Memphis, 3796 Norriswood Ave, Memphis TN, 38152, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Rhodes CS, Alexander CM, Berretta JM, Courtney HS, Beenken KE, Smeltzer MS, Bumgardner JD, Haggard WO, Jennings JA. Evaluation of a chitosan-polyethylene glycol paste as a local antibiotic delivery device. World J Orthop 2017; 8:130-141. [PMID: 28251063 PMCID: PMC5314142 DOI: 10.5312/wjo.v8.i2.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the efficacy of a chitosan/polyethylene glycol blended paste as a local antibiotic delivery device, particularly in musculoskeletal wounds.
METHODS Acidic (A) chitosan sponges and neutralized (N) chitosan/polyethylene glycol (PEG) blended sponges were combined in ratios of 3A:2N, 1A:1N, and 2A:3N; then hydrated with phosphate buffered saline to form a chitosan/PEG paste (CPP). Both in vitro and in vivo studies were conducted to determine the potential CPP has as a local antibiotic delivery device. In vitro biocompatibility was assessed by the cytotoxic response of fibroblast cells exposed to the experimental groups. Degradation rate was measured as the change in dry mass due to lysozyme based degradation over a 10-d period. The antibiotic elution profiles and eluate activity of CPP were evaluated over a 72-h period. To assess the in vivo antimicrobial efficacy of the CPP, antibiotic-loaded paste samples were exposed to subcutaneously implanted murine catheters inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus. Material properties of the experimental paste groups were evaluated by testing the ejection force from a syringe, as well as the adhesion to representative musculoskeletal tissue samples.
RESULTS The highly acidic CPP group, 3A:2N, displayed significantly lower cell viability than the control sponge group. The equally distributed group, 1A:1N, and the highly neutral group, 2A:3N, displayed similar cell viability to the control sponge group and are deemed biocompatible. The degradation studies revealed CPP is more readily degradable than the chitosan sponge control group. The antibiotic activity studies indicated the CPP groups released antibiotics at a constant rate and remained above the minimum inhibitory concentrations of the respective test bacteria for a longer time period than the control chitosan sponges, as well as displaying a minimized burst release. The in vivo functional model resulted in complete bacterial infection prevention in all catheters treated with the antibiotic loaded CPP samples. All experimental paste groups exhibited injectability and adhesive qualities that could be advantageous material properties for drug delivery to musculoskeletal injuries.
CONCLUSION CPP is an injectable, bioadhesive, biodegradable, and biocompatible material with potential to allow variable antibiotic loading and active, local antibiotic release to prevent bacterial contamination.
Collapse
|
15
|
Elviri L, Bianchera A, Bergonzi C, Bettini R. Controlled local drug delivery strategies from chitosan hydrogels for wound healing. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2016; 14:897-908. [PMID: 27732106 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2017.1247803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The main target of tissue engineering is the preparation and application of adequate materials for the design and production of scaffolds, that possess properties promoting cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. The use of natural polysaccharides, such as chitosan, to prepare hydrogels for wound healing and controlled drug delivery is a research topic of wide and increasing interest. Areas covered: This review presents the latest results and challenges in the preparation of chitosan and chitosan-based scaffold/hydrogel for wound healing applications. A detailed overview of their behavior in terms of controlled drug delivery, divided by drug categories, and efficacy was provided and critically discussed. Expert opinion: The need to establish and exploit the advantages of natural biomaterials in combination with active compounds is playing a pivotal role in the regenerative medicine fields. The challenges posed by the many variables affecting tissue repair and regeneration need to be standardized and adhere to recognized guidelines to improve the quality of evidence in the wound healing process. Currently, different methodologies are followed to prepare innovative scaffold formulations and structures. Innovative technologies such as 3D printing or bio-electrospray are promising to create chitosan-based scaffolds with finely controlled structures with customizable shape porosity and thickness. Chitosan scaffolds could be designed in combination with a variety of polysaccharides or active compounds with selected and reproducible spacial distribution, providing active wound dressing with highly tunable controlled drug delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Elviri
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Parma , Parma , Italy
| | - Annalisa Bianchera
- b Interdepartmental Centre Biopharmanet-Tec , University of Parma , Parma , Italy
| | - Carlo Bergonzi
- b Interdepartmental Centre Biopharmanet-Tec , University of Parma , Parma , Italy
| | - Ruggero Bettini
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Parma , Parma , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Denzinger M, Hinkel H, Kurz J, Hierlemann T, Schlensak C, Wendel HP, Krajewski S. Hemostyptic property of chitosan: Opportunities and pitfalls. Biomed Mater Eng 2016; 27:353-364. [PMID: 27689569 DOI: 10.3233/bme-161591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chitosan is used in a wide field of applications and therapies and has been reported to be an effective hemostyptic. The objective of this study was to provide further information about the use of chitosan as a hemostyptic agent also taking into focus its hemocompatible effects. METHODS Human whole blood (n=5) was anticoagulated with heparin, treated with different chitosan concentrations (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, 25 mg/mL) and incubated at 37°C for 30 minutes. Before and after incubation different parameters for coagulation and hemocompatibility were evaluated. RESULTS Blood treated with high chitosan concentrations showed enhanced coagulation, which we evaluated with activated clotting time, activated partial thromboplastin time and concentration of thrombin-antithrombin complexes. Furthermore, we observed an activation of blood platelets, complement cascade and granulocytes in the groups treated with chitosan. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that chitosan activates human blood coagulation and hence has good properties as a hemostyptic agent. However, inflammatory parameters were upregulated after direct contact with human blood indicating that systemic administration of chitosans should not be performed whereas the topical use of chitosan as a hemostypticum should not present any hazard with regard to adverse inflammatory reactions at the site of application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Denzinger
- Department of Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Clinical Research Laboratory, University Hospital Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Helena Hinkel
- Department of Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Clinical Research Laboratory, University Hospital Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Julia Kurz
- Department of Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Clinical Research Laboratory, University Hospital Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Teresa Hierlemann
- Department of Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Clinical Research Laboratory, University Hospital Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Christian Schlensak
- Department of Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Clinical Research Laboratory, University Hospital Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Hans Peter Wendel
- Department of Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Clinical Research Laboratory, University Hospital Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Krajewski
- Department of Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Clinical Research Laboratory, University Hospital Tuebingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Jennings JA, Beenken KE, Skinner RA, Meeker DG, Smeltzer MS, Haggard WO, Troxel KS. Antibiotic-loaded phosphatidylcholine inhibits staphylococcal bone infection. World J Orthop 2016; 7:467-474. [PMID: 27622146 PMCID: PMC4990767 DOI: 10.5312/wjo.v7.i8.467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To test antibiotic-loaded coating for efficacy in reducing bacterial biofilm and development of osteomyelitis in an orthopaedic model of implant infection.
METHODS: Phosphatidylcholine coatings loaded with 25% vancomycin were applied to washed and sterilized titanium wires 20 mm in length. A 10 mm segment was removed from rabbit radius (total = 9; 5 coated, 4 uncoated), and the segment was injected with 1 × 106 colony forming units (CFUs) of Staphylococcus aureus (UAMS-1 strain). Titanium wires were inserted through the intramedullary canal of the removed segment and into the proximal radial segment and the segment was placed back into the defect. After 7 d, limbs were removed, X-rayed, swabbed for tissue contamination. Wires were removed and processed to determine attached CFUs. Tissue was swabbed and streaked on agar plates to determine bacteriological score.
RESULTS: Antibiotic-loaded coatings resulted in significantly reduced biofilm formation (4.7 fold reduction in CFUs; P < 0.001) on titanium wires and reduced bacteriological score in surrounding tissue (4.0 ± 0 for uncoated, 1.25 ± 0.5 for coated; P = 0.01). Swelling and pus formation was evident in uncoated controls at the 7 d time point both visually and radiographically, but not in antibiotic-loaded coatings.
CONCLUSION: Active antibiotic was released from coated implants and significantly reduced signs of osteomyelitic symptoms. Implant coatings were well tolerated in bone. Further studies with additional control groups and longer time periods are warranted. Antibiotic-loaded phosphatidylcholine coatings applied at the point of care could prevent implant-associated infection in orthopaedic defects.
Collapse
|
18
|
Johnson NR, Wang Y. Drug delivery systems for wound healing. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2016; 16:621-9. [PMID: 25658378 DOI: 10.2174/1389201016666150206113720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Protein, gene, and small molecule therapies hold great potential for facilitating comprehensive tissue repair and regeneration. However, their clinical value will rely on effective delivery systems which maximize their therapeutic benefit. Significant advances have been made in recent years towards biomaterial delivery systems to satisfy this clinical need. Here we summarize the most outstanding advances in drug delivery technology for cutaneous wound healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yadong Wang
- 320 Benedum Hall, 3700 O'Hara St, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Jennings JA, Beenken KE, Parker AC, Smith JK, Courtney HS, Smeltzer MS, Haggard WO. Polymicrobial Biofilm Inhibition Effects of Acetate-Buffered Chitosan Sponge Delivery Device. Macromol Biosci 2016; 16:591-8. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201500347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Amber Jennings
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; University of Memphis; 330 Engineering Technology Building Memphis TN 38152 USA
| | - Karen E. Beenken
- Department of Orthopaedics; University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences; 4301 W. Markham St. Little Rock AR 72205 USA
| | - Ashley C. Parker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; University of Memphis; 330 Engineering Technology Building Memphis TN 38152 USA
| | - James Keaton Smith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; University of Memphis; 330 Engineering Technology Building Memphis TN 38152 USA
| | - Harry S. Courtney
- Department of Medicine; University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Coleman Building Suite D334, 956 Court Avenue Memphis TN 38163 USA
| | - Mark S. Smeltzer
- Department of Orthopaedics; University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences; 4301 W. Markham St. Little Rock AR 72205 USA
| | - Warren O. Haggard
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; University of Memphis; 330 Engineering Technology Building Memphis TN 38152 USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Inzana JA, Schwarz EM, Kates SL, Awad HA. Biomaterials approaches to treating implant-associated osteomyelitis. Biomaterials 2015; 81:58-71. [PMID: 26724454 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Orthopaedic devices are the most common surgical devices associated with implant-related infections and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is the most common causative pathogen in chronic bone infections (osteomyelitis). Treatment of these chronic bone infections often involves combinations of antibiotics given systemically and locally to the affected site via a biomaterial spacer. The gold standard biomaterial for local antibiotic delivery against osteomyelitis, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) bone cement, bears many limitations. Such shortcomings include limited antibiotic release, incompatibility with many antimicrobial agents, and the need for follow-up surgeries to remove the non-biodegradable cement before surgical reconstruction of the lost bone. Therefore, extensive research pursuits are targeting alternative, biodegradable materials to replace PMMA in osteomyelitis applications. Herein, we provide an overview of the primary clinical treatment strategies and emerging biodegradable materials that may be employed for management of implant-related osteomyelitis. We performed a systematic review of experimental biomaterials systems that have been evaluated for treating established S. aureus osteomyelitis in an animal model. Many experimental biomaterials were not decisively more efficacious for infection management than PMMA when delivering the same antibiotic. However, alternative biomaterials have reduced the number of follow-up surgeries, enhanced the antimicrobial efficacy by delivering agents that are incompatible with PMMA, and regenerated bone in an infected defect. Understanding the advantages, limitations, and potential for clinical translation of each biomaterial, along with the conditions under which it was evaluated (e.g. animal model), is critical for surgeons and researchers to navigate the plethora of options for local antibiotic delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason A Inzana
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270, Davos, Switzerland; Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 665, Rochester, NY 14642, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, 207 Robert B. Goergen Hall, Rochester, NY 14642, United States.
| | - Edward M Schwarz
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 665, Rochester, NY 14642, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, 207 Robert B. Goergen Hall, Rochester, NY 14642, United States; Department of Orthopedics, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, United States
| | - Stephen L Kates
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 665, Rochester, NY 14642, United States; Department of Orthopedics, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, United States
| | - Hani A Awad
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 665, Rochester, NY 14642, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, 207 Robert B. Goergen Hall, Rochester, NY 14642, United States; Department of Orthopedics, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sridhar R, Lakshminarayanan R, Madhaiyan K, Amutha Barathi V, Lim KHC, Ramakrishna S. Electrosprayed nanoparticles and electrospun nanofibers based on natural materials: applications in tissue regeneration, drug delivery and pharmaceuticals. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:790-814. [PMID: 25408245 DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00226a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology refers to the fabrication, characterization, and application of substances in nanometer scale dimensions for various ends. The influence of nanotechnology on the healthcare industry is substantial, particularly in the areas of disease diagnosis and treatment. Recent investigations in nanotechnology for drug delivery and tissue engineering have delivered high-impact contributions in translational research, with associated pharmaceutical products and applications. Over the past decade, the synthesis of nanofibers or nanoparticles via electrostatic spinning or spraying, respectively, has emerged as an important nanostructuring methodology. This is due to both the versatility of the electrospinning/electrospraying process and the ensuing control of nanofiber/nanoparticle surface parameters. Electrosprayed nanoparticles and electrospun nanofibers are both employed as natural or synthetic carriers for the delivery of entrapped drugs, growth factors, health supplements, vitamins, and so on. The role of nanofiber/nanoparticle carriers is substantiated by the programmed, tailored, or targeted release of their contents in the guise of tissue engineering scaffolds or medical devices for drug delivery. This review focuses on the nanoformulation of natural materials via the electrospraying or electrospinning of nanoparticles or nanofibers for tissue engineering or drug delivery/pharmaceutical purposes. Here, we classify the natural materials with respect to their animal/plant origin and macrocyclic, small molecule or herbal active constituents, and further categorize the materials according to their proteinaceous or saccharide nature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Radhakrishnan Sridhar
- Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orthopaedic biomaterials are susceptible to biofilm formation. A novel lipid-based material has been developed that may be loaded with antibiotics and applied as an implant coating at point of care. However, this material has not been evaluated for antibiotic elution, biofilm inhibition, or in vivo efficacy. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES (1) Do antibiotic-loaded coatings inhibit biofilm formation? (2) Is the coating effective in preventing biofilm in vivo? METHODS Purified phosphatidylcholine was mixed with 25% amikacin or vancomycin or a combination of 12.5% of both. A 7-day elution study for coated titanium and stainless steel coupons was followed by turbidity and zone of inhibition assays against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Coupons were inoculated with bacteria and incubated 24 hours (N = 4 for each test group). Microscopic images of biofilm were obtained. After washing and vortexing, attached bacteria were counted. A mouse biofilm model was modified to include coated and uncoated stainless steel wires inserted into the lumens of catheters inoculated with a mixture of S aureus or P aeruginosa. Colony-forming unit counts (N = 10) and scanning electron microscopy imaging of implants were used to determine antimicrobial activity. RESULTS Active antibiotics with colony inhibition effects were eluted for up to 6 days. Antibiotic-loaded coatings inhibited biofilm formation on in vitro coupons (log-fold reductions of 4.3 ± 0.4 in S aureus and 3.1 ± 0 for P aeruginosa in phosphatidylcholine-only coatings, 5.6 ± 0 for S aureus and 3.1 ± 0 for P aeruginosa for combination-loaded coatings, 5.5 ± 0.3 for S aureus in vancomycin-loaded coatings, and 3.1 ± 0 for P aeruginosa for amikacin-loaded coatings (p < 0.001 for all comparisons of antibiotic-loaded coatings against uncoated controls for both bacterial strains, p < 0.001 for comparison of antibiotic-loaded coatings against phosphatidylcholine only for S aureus, p = 0.54 for comparison of vancomycin versus combination coating in S aureus, P = 0.99 for comparison of antibiotic- and unloaded phosphatidylcholine coatings in P aeruginosa). Similarly, antibiotic-loaded coatings reduced attachment of bacteria to wires in vivo (log-fold reduction of 2.54 ± 0; p < 0.001 for S aureus and 0.83 ± 0.3; p = 0.112 for P aeruginosa). CONCLUSIONS Coatings deliver active antibiotics locally to inhibit biofilm formation and bacterial growth in vivo. Future evaluations will include orthopaedic preclinical models to confirm therapeutic efficacy. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Clinical applications of local drug delivery coating could reduce the rate of implant-associated infections.
Collapse
|
23
|
Servat-Medina L, González-Gómez A, Reyes-Ortega F, Sousa IMO, de Cássia Almeida Queiroz N, Zago PMW, Jorge MP, Monteiro KM, de Carvalho JE, Román JS, Foglio MA. Chitosan-tripolyphosphate nanoparticles as Arrabidaea chica standardized extract carrier: synthesis, characterization, biocompatibility, and antiulcerogenic activity. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:3897-909. [PMID: 26089666 PMCID: PMC4467739 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s83705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products using plants have received considerable attention because of their potential to treat various diseases. Arrabidaea chica (Humb. & Bonpl.) B. Verlot is a native tropical American vine with healing properties employed in folk medicine for wound healing, inflammation, and gastrointestinal colic. Applying nanotechnology to plant extracts has revealed an advantageous strategy for herbal drugs considering the numerous features that nanostructured systems offer, including solubility, bioavailability, and pharmacological activity enhancement. The present study reports the preparation and characterization of chitosan-sodium tripolyphosphate nanoparticles (NPs) charged with A. chica standardized extract (AcE). Particle size and zeta potential were measured using a Zetasizer Nano ZS. The NP morphological characteristics were observed using scanning electron microscopy. Our studies indicated that the chitosan/sodium tripolyphosphate mass ratio of 5 and volume ratio of 10 were found to be the best condition to achieve the lowest NP sizes, with an average hydrodynamic diameter of 150±13 nm and a zeta potential of +45±2 mV. Particle size decreased with AcE addition (60±10.2 nm), suggesting an interaction between the extract's composition and polymers. The NP biocompatibility was evaluated using human skin fibroblasts. AcE-NP demonstrated capability of maintaining cell viability at the lowest concentrations tested, stimulating cell proliferation at higher concentrations. Antiulcerogenic activity of AcE-NP was also evaluated with an acute gastric ulcer experimental model induced by ethanol and indomethacin. NPs loaded with A. chica extract reduced the ulcerative lesion index using lower doses compared with the free extract, suggesting that extract encapsulation in chitosan NPs allowed for a dose reduction for a gastroprotective effect. The AcE encapsulation offers an approach for further application of the A. chica extract that could be considered a potential candidate for ulcer-healing pharmaceutical systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leila Servat-Medina
- Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary Research Center-State University of Campinas (CPQBA-UNICAMP), Campinas-SP, Brazil
- Biomaterials Group, Polymer Science and Technology Institute-Spanish National Research Council (ICTP-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alvaro González-Gómez
- Biomaterials Group, Polymer Science and Technology Institute-Spanish National Research Council (ICTP-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER-BBN, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Madrid, Spain
| | - Felisa Reyes-Ortega
- Biomaterials Group, Polymer Science and Technology Institute-Spanish National Research Council (ICTP-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ilza Maria Oliveira Sousa
- Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary Research Center-State University of Campinas (CPQBA-UNICAMP), Campinas-SP, Brazil
| | - Nubia de Cássia Almeida Queiroz
- Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary Research Center-State University of Campinas (CPQBA-UNICAMP), Campinas-SP, Brazil
| | - Patricia Maria Wiziack Zago
- Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary Research Center-State University of Campinas (CPQBA-UNICAMP), Campinas-SP, Brazil
| | - Michelle Pedrosa Jorge
- Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary Research Center-State University of Campinas (CPQBA-UNICAMP), Campinas-SP, Brazil
| | - Karin Maia Monteiro
- Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary Research Center-State University of Campinas (CPQBA-UNICAMP), Campinas-SP, Brazil
- Department of Medical Clinics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas-SP, Brazil
| | - João Ernesto de Carvalho
- Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary Research Center-State University of Campinas (CPQBA-UNICAMP), Campinas-SP, Brazil
| | - Julio San Román
- Biomaterials Group, Polymer Science and Technology Institute-Spanish National Research Council (ICTP-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER-BBN, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mary Ann Foglio
- Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary Research Center-State University of Campinas (CPQBA-UNICAMP), Campinas-SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Parker AC, Beenken KE, Jennings JA, Hittle L, Shirtliff ME, Bumgardner JD, Smeltzer MS, Haggard WO. Characterization of local delivery with amphotericin B and vancomycin from modified chitosan sponges and functional biofilm prevention evaluation. J Orthop Res 2015; 33:439-47. [PMID: 25408519 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Polymicrobial musculoskeletal wound infections are troublesome complications and can be difficult to treat when caused by invasive fungi or bacteria. However, few local antifungal delivery systems have been studied. Chitosan and polyethylene glycol (PEG) sponge local antifungal delivery systems have been developed for adjunctive therapy to reduce musculoskeletal wound contamination. This study evaluated the effects of blending PEG, at 6,000 or 8,000 g/mol, with chitosan in sponge form on in vitro amphotericin B and vancomycin elution, eluate activity, cytocompatibility, and in vivo prevention of a bacterial biofilm. Blended chitosan sponges released both amphotericin B and vancomycin in vitro. All tested amphotericin B eluates remained active against Candida albicans, and vancomycin eluates from blended sponges maintained activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Amphotericin B eluates obtained after 1 h from blended sponges elicited 62-95% losses in fibroblast viability, but 3 h eluates only caused 22-60% decreases in viability. In a Staphylococcus aureus infected mouse catheter biofilm prevention model, vancomycin loaded chitosan/PEG 6000 sponge cleared bacteria from 100% of the catheters, with reduced clearance rate observed in other sponges. These results indicate that the chitosan/PEG blended sponges have potential for local antifungal and/or antibiotic combination delivery as an adjunctive therapy to prevent wound infections.
Collapse
|
25
|
Parker AC, Rhodes C, Jennings JA, Hittle L, Shirtliff M, Bumgardner JD, Haggard WO. Preliminary evaluation of local drug delivery of amphotericin B and in vivo degradation of chitosan and polyethylene glycol blended sponges. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2015; 104:78-87. [PMID: 25615516 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This research investigated the combination of polyethylene glycol with chitosan in point-of-care loaded sponges made by one or two lyophilizations for adjunctive local antifungal delivery in musculoskeletal wounds. Blended and control chitosan sponges were evaluated in vitro for antifungal release and activity, degradation, cytocompatibility, and characterized for spectroscopic, crystallinity, thermal, and morphologic material properties. In vivo biocompatibility and degradation of sponges were also evaluated in a rat intramuscular pouch model 4 and 10 days after implantation. Blended sponges released amphotericin B active against Candida albicans (>0.25 µg/mL) over 72 h and did not elicit cytotoxicity response of fibroblasts. Blended sponges exhibited decreases in surface roughness, decreased thermal decomposition temperatures, as well as small Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and crystallinity differences, compared with chitosan-only sponges. Three of the four blended sponge formulations exhibited 31%-94% increases in in vitro degradation from the chitosan sponges after 10 days, but did not demonstrate the same increase in in vivo degradation. Low inflammatory in vivo tissue response to blended and chitosan-only sponges was similar over 10 days. These results demonstrated that adding polyethylene glycol to chitosan sponges does improve local antifungal release, cytocompatibility, and in vitro degradation, but does not increase in vivo degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Cox Parker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Cheyenne Rhodes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee
| | | | - Lauren Hittle
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mark Shirtliff
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Joel D Bumgardner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Warren O Haggard
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Brooks BD, Brooks AE. Therapeutic strategies to combat antibiotic resistance. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 78:14-27. [PMID: 25450262 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
With multidrug resistant bacteria on the rise, new antibiotic approaches are required. Although a number of new small molecule antibiotics are currently in the development pipeline with many more in preclinical development, the clinical options and practices for infection control must be expanded. Biologics and non-antibiotic adjuvants offer this opportunity for expansion. Nevertheless, to avoid known mechanisms of resistance, intelligent combination approaches for multiple simultaneous and complimentary therapies must be designed. Combination approaches should extend beyond biologically active molecules to include smart controlled delivery strategies. Infection control must integrate antimicrobial stewardship, new antibiotic molecules, biologics, and delivery strategies into effective combination therapies designed to 1) fight the infection, 2) avoid resistance, and 3) protect the natural microbiome. This review explores these developing strategies in the context of circumventing current mechanisms of resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda E Brooks
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND58108, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Parker AC, Smith JK, Reves B, Jennings JA, Bumgardner JD, Haggard WO. Effects of sodium acetate buffer on chitosan sponge properties andin vivodegradation in a rat intramuscular model. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2014; 103:387-96. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 04/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Cox Parker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; The University of Memphis, 330 Engineering Technology; Memphis Tennessee 38152
| | - James Keaton Smith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; The University of Memphis, 330 Engineering Technology; Memphis Tennessee 38152
| | - Benjamin Reves
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; The University of Memphis, 330 Engineering Technology; Memphis Tennessee 38152
| | - Jessica Amber Jennings
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; The University of Memphis, 330 Engineering Technology; Memphis Tennessee 38152
| | - Joel D. Bumgardner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; The University of Memphis, 330 Engineering Technology; Memphis Tennessee 38152
| | - Warren O. Haggard
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; The University of Memphis, 330 Engineering Technology; Memphis Tennessee 38152
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Beenken KE, Smith JK, Skinner RA, Mclaren SG, Bellamy W, Gruenwald MJ, Spencer HJ, Jennings JA, Haggard WO, Smeltzer MS. Chitosan coating to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of calcium sulfate-based antibiotic therapy in the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis. J Biomater Appl 2014; 29:514-23. [PMID: 24854984 DOI: 10.1177/0885328214535452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate that coating calcium sulfate with deacetylated chitosan enhances the elution profile of daptomycin by prolonging the period during which high concentrations of antibiotic are released. Coatings reduced initial bolus release of daptomycin by a factor of 10 to approximately 1000 µg/ml, and levels remained above 100 µg/ml for up to 10 days. Chitosan-coated and uncoated calcium sulfate implants with and without 15% daptomycin were evaluated in an experimental model of staphylococcal osteomyelitis through bacteriology scores, radiology, histopathology, and Gram staining. Significant reduction in bacteriology scores was observed for implants containing daptomycin and coated with chitosan compared with all the other groups. We confirm that the use of chitosan-coated calcium sulfate beads for local antibiotic delivery can be correlated with an improved therapeutic outcome following surgical debridement in the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen E Beenken
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - James K Smith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Robert A Skinner
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Sandra G Mclaren
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - William Bellamy
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - M Johannes Gruenwald
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Horace J Spencer
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Jessica A Jennings
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Warren O Haggard
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Mark S Smeltzer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wang Y, Wang X, Li L, Gu Z, Yu X. Controlled drug release from a novel drug carrier of calcium polyphosphate/chitosan/aldehyde alginate scaffolds containing chitosan microspheres. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra03566f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|