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Vishwakarma R, Dey S, Samuchiwal S, Malik A. A biphasic photobioreactor system for consecutive extraction of lipids and carotenoids from pre-hydrolysed microalgae and evaluation of its biodiesel potential. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 226:115681. [PMID: 36925037 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A green extraction method is developed using partially hydrolysed microalgal cells grown in biocompatible solvent for simultaneous cultivation and extraction of bioproducts from a highly efficient permeabilized microalgal cell with enhanced biomass and lipid content for potential use in biodiesel production. Incomplete digestion of cell wall was achieved by regulating the incubation time of the enzymatic pretreatment of the microalgal cells. 15.77% increase in lipid content was seen when untreated cells were cultured with biocompatible solvent, while cultivation of these enzymatically pretreated cells with biocompatible solvent, the lipid content increased by 53.33% and 22% higher carotenoid content was observed as compared to conventional extraction. The total fatty acids obtained after 1st and 2nd extractions in untreated samples were 67.82%, while those in enzymatically partially digested samples were 91.94%. The untreated and partially enzymatically predigested strain showed suitable properties for quality biodiesel production as per international recommendations. The cost benefit analysis of the overall process showed the use of biocompatible solvent coupled to enzymatically predigested biomass was a favorable option as compared to conventional extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashi Vishwakarma
- Applied Microbiology Laboratory, Center for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology- Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India.
| | - Saptarshi Dey
- Applied Microbiology Laboratory, Center for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology- Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Saurabh Samuchiwal
- Applied Microbiology Laboratory, Center for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology- Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Anushree Malik
- Applied Microbiology Laboratory, Center for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology- Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
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2
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Efficacy of the Immobilized Kocuria flava Lipase on Fe3O4/Cellulose Nanocomposite for Biodiesel Production from Cooking Oil Wastes. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12090977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing global demand for petroleum oils has led to a significant increase in their cost and has led to the search for renewable alternative waste resources for biodiesel synthesis and production using novel environmentally sound and acceptable methods. In the current study, Kocuria flava lipase was immobilized on Fe3O4/cellulose nanocomposite; and used as a biocatalyst for the conversion of cooking oil wastes into biodiesel through the transesterification/esterification process. The characterization of Fe3O4/cellulose nanocomposite revealed several functional groups including carboxyl (C=O) and epoxy (C-O-C) groups that act as multipoint covalent binding sites between the lipase and the Fe3O4/cellulose nanocomposite and consequently increasing lipase immobility and stability. The immobilized lipase showed a high thermo-stability as it retained about 70% of its activity at 80 °C after 30 min. The kinetics of immobilized lipase revealed that the Km and Vmax values were 0.02 mM and 32.47 U/mg protein, respectively. Moreover, the immobilized lipase showed high stability and reusability for transesterification/esterification reactions for up to four cycles with a slight decline in the enzyme activity. Furthermore, the produced biodiesel characteristics were compatible with the standards, indicating that the biodiesel obtained is doable and may be utilized in our daily life as a diesel fuel.
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Microalgal Biorefinery Concepts’ Developments for Biofuel and Bioproducts: Current Perspective and Bottlenecks. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052623. [PMID: 35269768 PMCID: PMC8910654 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae have received much interest as a biofuel feedstock. However, the economic feasibility of biofuel production from microalgae does not satisfy capital investors. Apart from the biofuels, it is necessary to produce high-value co-products from microalgae fraction to satisfy the economic aspects of microalgae biorefinery. In addition, microalgae-based wastewater treatment is considered as an alternative for the conventional wastewater treatment in terms of energy consumption, which is suitable for microalgae biorefinery approaches. The energy consumption of a microalgae wastewater treatment system (0.2 kW/h/m3) was reduced 10 times when compared to the conventional wastewater treatment system (to 2 kW/h/m3). Microalgae are rich in various biomolecules such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, pigments, vitamins, and antioxidants; all these valuable products can be utilized by nutritional, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. There are several bottlenecks associated with microalgae biorefinery. Hence, it is essential to promote the sustainability of microalgal biorefinery with innovative ideas to produce biofuel with high-value products. This review attempted to bring out the trends and promising solutions to realize microalgal production of multiple products at an industrial scale. New perspectives and current challenges are discussed for the development of algal biorefinery concepts.
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Oliart-Ros RM, Badillo-Zeferino GL, Quintana-Castro R, Ruíz-López II, Alexander-Aguilera A, Domínguez-Chávez JG, Khan AA, Nguyen DD, Nadda AK, Sánchez-Otero MG. Production and Characterization of Cross-Linked Aggregates of Geobacillus thermoleovorans CCR11 Thermoalkaliphilic Recombinant Lipase. Molecules 2021; 26:7569. [PMID: 34946651 PMCID: PMC8708040 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Immobilization of enzymes has many advantages for their application in biotechnological processes. In particular, the cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) allow the production of solid biocatalysts with a high enzymatic loading and the advantage of obtaining derivatives with high stability at low cost. The purpose of this study was to produce cross-linked enzymatic aggregates (CLEAs) of LipMatCCR11, a 43 kDa recombinant solvent-tolerant thermoalkaliphilic lipase from Geobacillus thermoleovorans CCR11. LipMatCCR11-CLEAs were prepared using (NH4)2SO4 (40% w/v) as precipitant agent and glutaraldehyde (40 mM) as cross-linker, at pH 9, 20 °C. A U10(56) uniform design was used to optimize CLEA production, varying protein concentration, ammonium sulfate %, pH, glutaraldehyde concentration, temperature, and incubation time. The synthesized CLEAs were also analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) that showed individual particles of <1 µm grouped to form a superstructure. The cross-linked aggregates showed a maximum mass activity of 7750 U/g at 40 °C and pH 8 and retained more than 20% activity at 100 °C. Greater thermostability, resistance to alkaline conditions and the presence of organic solvents, and better durability during storage were observed for LipMatCCR11-CLEAs in comparison with the soluble enzyme. LipMatCCR11-CLEAs presented good reusability by conserving 40% of their initial activity after 9 cycles of reuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa-María Oliart-Ros
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Alimentos, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Veracruz, M.A. De Quevedo 2779, Veracruz C.P. 91897, Ver., Mexico; (R.-M.O.-R.); (G.-L.B.-Z.)
| | - Giselle-Lilian Badillo-Zeferino
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Alimentos, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Veracruz, M.A. De Quevedo 2779, Veracruz C.P. 91897, Ver., Mexico; (R.-M.O.-R.); (G.-L.B.-Z.)
| | - Rodolfo Quintana-Castro
- Facultad de Bioanálisis, Universidad Veracruzana, Carmen Serdán Esq. Iturbide, Veracruz C.P. 91700, Ver., Mexico; (R.Q.-C.); (A.A.-A.); (J.-G.D.-C.)
| | - Irving-Israel Ruíz-López
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Av. San Claudio y 18 Sur, Ciudad Universitaria, Puebla C.P. 72570, Pue., Mexico;
| | - Alfonso Alexander-Aguilera
- Facultad de Bioanálisis, Universidad Veracruzana, Carmen Serdán Esq. Iturbide, Veracruz C.P. 91700, Ver., Mexico; (R.Q.-C.); (A.A.-A.); (J.-G.D.-C.)
| | - Jorge-Guillermo Domínguez-Chávez
- Facultad de Bioanálisis, Universidad Veracruzana, Carmen Serdán Esq. Iturbide, Veracruz C.P. 91700, Ver., Mexico; (R.Q.-C.); (A.A.-A.); (J.-G.D.-C.)
| | - Azmat Ali Khan
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Dinh Duc Nguyen
- Department of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Kyonggi University, 154-42 Gwanggyosan-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si 16227, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
- Faculty of Environmental and Food Engineering, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City 755414, Vietnam
| | - Ashok Kumar Nadda
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Biotechnology, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173 234, India
| | - María-Guadalupe Sánchez-Otero
- Facultad de Bioanálisis, Universidad Veracruzana, Carmen Serdán Esq. Iturbide, Veracruz C.P. 91700, Ver., Mexico; (R.Q.-C.); (A.A.-A.); (J.-G.D.-C.)
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Sundaramahalingam MA, Amrutha C, Sivashanmugam P, Rajeshbanu J. An encapsulated report on enzyme-assisted transesterification with an allusion to lipase. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:481. [PMID: 34790505 PMCID: PMC8557240 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-03003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodiesel is a renewable, sulfur-free, toxic-free, and low carbon fuel which possesses enhanced lubricity. Transesterification is the easiest method employed for the production of biodiesel, in which the oil is transformed into biodiesel. Biocatalyst-mediated transesterification is more advantageous than chemical process because of its non-toxic nature, the requirement of mild reaction conditions, absence of saponification, easy product recovery, and production of high-quality biodiesel. Lipases are found to be the primary enzymes in enzyme-mediated transesterification process. Currently, researchers are using lipases as biocatalyst for transesterification. Lipases are extracted from various sources such as plants, microbes, and animals. Biocatalyst-based biodiesel production is not yet commercialized due to high-cost of purified enzymes and higher reaction time for the production process. However, research works are growing in the area of various cost-effective techniques for immobilizing lipase to improve its reusability. And further reduction in the production cost of lipases can be achieved by genetic engineering techniques. The reduction in reaction time can be achieved through ultrasonic-assisted biocatalytic transesterification. Biodiesel production by enzymatic transesterification is affected by many factors. Various methods have been developed to control these factors and improve biodiesel production. This report summarizes the various sources of lipase, various production strategies for lipase and the lipase-mediated transesterification. It is fully focused on the lipase enzyme and its role in biodiesel production. It also covers the detailed explanation of various influencing factors, which affect the lipase-mediated transesterification along with the limitations and scope of lipase in biodiesel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. A. Sundaramahalingam
- Chemical and Biochemical Process Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620015 India
| | - C. Amrutha
- Chemical and Biochemical Process Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620015 India
| | - P. Sivashanmugam
- Chemical and Biochemical Process Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620015 India
| | - J. Rajeshbanu
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Neelakudi, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu 610 005 India
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Temperature-resistant and solvent-tolerant lipases as industrial biocatalysts: Biotechnological approaches and applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 187:127-142. [PMID: 34298046 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of new biocatalytic systems to replace the chemical catalysts, with suitable characteristics in terms of efficiency, stability under high temperature reactions and in the presence of organic solvents, reusability, and eco-friendliness is considered a very important step to move towards the green processes. From this basis, the use of lipase as a catalyst is highly desired for many industrial applications because it offers the reactions in which could be used, stability in harsh conditions, reusability and a greener process. Therefore, the introduction of temperature-resistant and solvent-tolerant lipases have become essential and ideal for industrial applications. Temperature-resistant and solvent-tolerant lipases have been involved in many large-scale applications including biodiesel, detergent, food, pharmaceutical, organic synthesis, biosensing, pulp and paper, textile, animal feed, cosmetics, and leather industry. So, the present review provides a comprehensive overview of the industrial use of lipase. Moreover, special interest in biotechnological and biochemical techniques for enhancing temperature-resistance and solvent-tolerance of lipases to be suitable for the industrial uses.
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Biochemical characterization of an esterase from Clostridium acetobutylicum with novel GYSMG pentapeptide motif at the catalytic domain. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 47:169-181. [PMID: 31807968 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-019-02253-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gene CA_C0816 codes for a serine hydrolase protein from Clostridium acetobutylicum (ATCC 824) a member of hormone-sensitive lipase of lipolytic family IV. This gene was overexpressed in E. coli strain BL21and purified using Ni2+-NTA affinity chromatography. Size exclusion chromatography revealed that the protein is a dimer in solution. Optimum pH and temperature for recombinant Clostridium acetobutylicum esterase (Ca-Est) were found to be 7.0 and 60 °C, respectively. This enzyme exhibited high preference for p-nitrophenyl butyrate. KM and kcat/KM of the enzyme were 24.90 µM and 25.13 s-1 µM-1, respectively. Sequence analysis of Ca-Est predicts the presence of catalytic amino acids Ser 89, His 224, and Glu 196, presence of novel GYSMG conserved sequence (instead of GDSAG and GTSAG motif), and undescribed variation of HGSG motif. Site-directed mutagenesis confirmed that Ser 89 and His 224 play a major role in catalysis. This study reports that Ca-Est is hormone-sensitive lipase with novel GYSMG pentapeptide motif at a catalytic domain.
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8
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Samoylova YV, Sorokina KN, Piligaev AV, Parmon VN. Application of Bacterial Thermostable Lipolytic Enzymes in the Modern Biotechnological Processes: A Review. CATALYSIS IN INDUSTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s2070050419020107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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9
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de Souza CEC, Ribeiro BD, Coelho MAZ. Characterization and Application of Yarrowia lipolytica Lipase Obtained by Solid-State Fermentation in the Synthesis of Different Esters Used in the Food Industry. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 189:933-959. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-019-03047-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Saraswat R, Bhushan I, Gupta P, Kumar V, Verma V. Production and purification of an alkaline lipase from Bacillus sp. for enantioselective resolution of (±)-Ketoprofen butyl ester. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:491. [PMID: 30498664 PMCID: PMC6242800 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1506-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted to purify lipase from indigenous Bacillus subtilis strain Kakrayal_1 (BSK-L) for enantioselective resolution of racemic-ketoprofen. The production of lipase (BSK-L) was optimized using Plackett-Burman and central composite design of response surface methodology (RSM). The optimized media containing olive oil (3.5%), MnSO4 (8 mM), CaCl2 (5 mM), peptone (20 g/l), pH (8), agitation (180 rpm) and temperature (37 °C) resulted in maximum lipase production of 7500 U/g of cell biomass. The lipase was purified using sequential method to an overall purification fold of 13% with 20% recovery, 882 U/mg specific activity and a molecular weight of 45 kDa. Optimal pH and temperature of purified lipase were found to be 8 and 37 °C, respectively. Furthermore, BSK-L displayed good stability with various organic solvents, surfactants and metal ions. K m and V max values of lipase were observed to be 2.2 mM and 6.67 mmoles of product formed/min/mg, respectively. The racemic ketoprofen butyl ester was hydrolyzed using lipase with 49% conversion efficiency and 69% enantiomeric excess (ee) which was superior to the commercially procured lipase (Candida antarctica lipase). Thus, this enzyme could be considered as a promising candidate for the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Saraswat
- School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, India
| | - Indu Bhushan
- School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, India
| | - Pankaj Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. Degree College Kathua, Kathua, India
| | - Vivek Kumar
- School of Physics, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, India
| | - Vijeshwar Verma
- School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, India
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Karakus BZ, Korkmaz İ, Demirci K, Sinan Arslan K, Unlu O, Catal T. A combined treatment using ethylmethane sulfonate and ultraviolet light to compare amylase production by three Bacillus sp. isolates. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 48:815-822. [PMID: 30265205 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2018.1509088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, three Bacillus sp.-producing amylase enzymes were isolated from soil samples and identified using 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Amylase production and total protein productions were spectrophotometrically measured. The following media were tested to increase enzyme production: LB medium and molasses. Three Bacillus sp. were identified as follows: Bacillus subtilis subtilis, Bacillus thuringiensis, and Bacillus cereus. Amylase production levels were in the range of 10 U/mL, whereas total protein production levels were at 15 mg/mL. Higher amylase activity was found in the Bacillus subtilis isolate. Ethylmethane sulfonate (EMS) and ultraviolet (UV) mutagenesis in combination were applied to compare amylase production. Amylase activity was increased to around 58% in the treatment with 0.03 mL of EMS and UV when compared to the control group. A pilot scale bioreactor with a total working volume of 10 liters was used to produce amylase by B. subtilis subtilis. In conclusion, B. subtilis subtilis can be used to produce amylase enzyme for various industrial purposes, and, for the first time, the amylase activities of B. subtilis can be enhanced with EMS and UV treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betul Zehra Karakus
- a Istanbul Protein Reserach and Inovation Center (PROMER) , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - İlknur Korkmaz
- a Istanbul Protein Reserach and Inovation Center (PROMER) , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Kubra Demirci
- a Istanbul Protein Reserach and Inovation Center (PROMER) , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Kadir Sinan Arslan
- a Istanbul Protein Reserach and Inovation Center (PROMER) , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Ozge Unlu
- a Istanbul Protein Reserach and Inovation Center (PROMER) , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Tunc Catal
- a Istanbul Protein Reserach and Inovation Center (PROMER) , Istanbul , Turkey.,b Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics , Uskudar University , Istanbul , Turkey
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Sivaramakrishnan R, Incharoensakdi A. Microalgae as feedstock for biodiesel production under ultrasound treatment - A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 250:877-887. [PMID: 29221914 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.11.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The application of ultrasound in biodiesel production has recently emerged as a novel technology. Ultrasound treatment enhances the mass transfer characteristics leading to the increased reaction rate with short reaction time and potentially reduces the production cost. In this review, application of ultrasound-assisted biodiesel production using acid, base and enzyme catalysts is presented. A critical assessment of the current status of ultrasound in biodiesel production was discussed with the emphasis on using ultrasound for efficient microalgae biodiesel production. The ultrasound in the biodiesel production enhances the emulsification of immiscible liquid reactant by microturbulence generated by cavitation bubbles. The major benefit of the ultrasound-assisted biodiesel production is a reduction in reaction time. Several different methods have been discussed to improve the biodiesel production. Overall, this review focuses on the current understanding of the application of ultrasound in biodiesel production from microalgae and to provide insights into future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramachandran Sivaramakrishnan
- Laboratory of Cyanobacterial Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Aran Incharoensakdi
- Laboratory of Cyanobacterial Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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Enhanced expression of lipase I from Galactomyces geotrichum by codon optimisation in Pichia pastoris. Protein Expr Purif 2017; 138:34-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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14
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Velmurugan R, Incharoensakdi A. Potential of metal oxides in fractionation of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 biomass for biofuel production. ALGAL RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2016.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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15
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Purification and characterization of solvent tolerant lipase from Bacillus sp. for methyl ester production from algal oil. J Biosci Bioeng 2016; 121:517-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Gururaj P, Ramalingam S, Nandhini Devi G, Gautam P. Process optimization for production and purification of a thermostable, organic solvent tolerant lipase from Acinetobacter sp. AU07. Braz J Microbiol 2016; 47:647-57. [PMID: 27268114 PMCID: PMC4927683 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to isolate, purify and optimize the production conditions of an organic solvent tolerant and thermostable lipase from Acinetobacter sp. AU07 isolated from distillery waste. The lipase production was optimized by response surface methodology, and a maximum production of 14.5 U/mL was observed at 30 °C and pH 7, using a 0.5% (v/v) inoculum, 2% (v/v) castor oil (inducer), and agitation 150 rpm. The optimized conditions from the shake flask experiments were validated in a 3 L lab scale bioreactor, and the lipase production increased to 48 U/mL. The enzyme was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and ion exchange chromatography and the overall yield was 36%. SDS-PAGE indicated a molecular weight of 45 kDa for the purified protein, and Matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight analysis of the purified lipase showed sequence similarity with GDSL family of lipases. The optimum temperature and pH for activity of the enzyme was found to be 50 °C and 8.0, respectively. The lipase was completely inhibited by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride but minimal inhibition was observed when incubated with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and dithiothreitol. The enzyme was stable in the presence of non-polar hydrophobic solvents. Detergents like SDS inhibited enzyme activity; however, there was minimal loss of enzyme activity when incubated with hydrogen peroxide, Tween 80 and Triton X-100. The kinetic constants (Km and Vmax) revealed that the hydrolytic activity of the lipase was specific to moderate chain fatty acid esters. The Vmax, Km and Vmax/Km ratio of the enzyme were 16.98 U/mg, 0.51 mM, and 33.29, respectively when 4-nitrophenyl palmitate was used as a substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gururaj
- Centre for Food Technology, Anna University, Chennai, India
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Gowthami P, Muthukumar K, Velan M. Utilization of coconut oil cake for the production of lipase using Bacillus coagulans VKL1. Biocontrol Sci 2016; 20:125-33. [PMID: 26133510 DOI: 10.4265/bio.20.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The overproduction of enzymes was performed by manipulating the medium components. In our study, solvent-tolerant thermophilic lipase-producing Bacillus coagulans was isolated from soil samples and a stepwise optimization strategy was employed to increase the lipase production using coconut oil cake basal medium. In the first step, the influence of pH, temperature, carbon source, nitrogen source and inducers on lipase activity was investigated by the One-Factor-At-A-Time (OFAT) method. In the second step, the three significant factors resulted from OFAT were optimized by the statistical approach (CCD).The optimum values of olive oil (0.5%), Tween 80 (0.6%) and FeSO4 (0.05%) was found to be responsible for a 3.2-fold increase in the lipase production identified by Central Composite Design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palanisamy Gowthami
- Department of Chemical Engineering, AC College of technology, Anna University
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Razack SA, Duraiarasan S. Response surface methodology assisted biodiesel production from waste cooking oil using encapsulated mixed enzyme. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 47:98-104. [PMID: 26248487 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In the recent scenario, consumption of petroleum fuels has increased to greater height which has led to deforestation and decline in fossil fuels. In order to tackle the perilous situation, alternative fuel has to be generated. Biofuels play a vital role in substituting the diesel fuels as they are renewable and ecofriendly. Biodiesel, often referred to as green fuel, could be a potential replacement as it could be synthesized from varied substrates, advantageous being the microalgae in several ways. The present investigation was dealt with the interesterification of waste cooking oil using immobilised lipase from mixed cultures for biodiesel production. In order to standardize the production for a scale up process, the parameters necessary for interesterification had been optimized using the statistical tool, Central Composite Design - Response Surface Methodology. The optimal conditions required to generate biodiesel were 2 g enzyme load, 1:12 oil to methyl acetate ratio, 60 h reaction time and 35 °C temperature, yielding a maximum of 93.61% biodiesel. The immobilised lipase beads remain stable without any changes in their function and structure even after 20 cycles which made this study, less cost intensive. In conclusion, the study revealed that the cooking oil, a residue of many dining centers, left as waste product, can be used as a potential raw material for the production of ecofriendly and cost effective biofuel, the biodiesel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirajunnisa Abdul Razack
- Bioprocess Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu 608002, India.
| | - Surendhiran Duraiarasan
- Bioprocess Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu 608002, India.
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An alternative method for production of microalgal biodiesel using novel Bacillus lipase. 3 Biotech 2015; 5:715-725. [PMID: 28324526 PMCID: PMC4569617 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-014-0271-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, enzymatic interesterification is carried out using encapsulated lipase as biocatalyst with methyl acetate as acyl acceptor in a solvent-free system. Lipase, isolated from a marine bacterial isolate, Bacillus sp.S23 (KF220659.1) was immobilized in sodium alginate beads. This investigation elaborated on the effects of various parameters, namely enzyme loading, temperature, water, molar ratio, reaction time and agitation for interesterification. The study resulted in the following optimal conditions: 1.5 g immobilized lipase, 1:12 molar ratio of oil to methyl acetate, 35 °C, 8 % water, 60 h reaction time, 250 rpm of agitation. With the standardized condition, the maximum conversion efficiency was 95.68 %. The immobilized beads, even after ten cycles of repeated usage showed high stability in the presence of methyl acetate and no loss of lipase activity. The microalgal biodiesel composition was analyzed using gas chromatography. The current study was efficient in using immobilized lipase for the interesterification process, since the method was cost-effective and eco-friendly, no solvent was involved and the enzyme was encapsulated in a natural polymer.
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Ali CH, Mbadinga SM, Liu JF, Yang SZ, Gu JD, Mu BZ. Significant enhancement of Pseudomonas aeruginosa FW_SH-1 lipase production using response surface methodology and analysis of its hydrolysis capability. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Huang J, Xia J, Jiang W, Li Y, Li J. Biodiesel production from microalgae oil catalyzed by a recombinant lipase. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 180:47-53. [PMID: 25585254 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.12.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A recombinant Rhizomucor miehei lipase was constructed and expressed in Pichia pastoris. The target enzyme was termed Lipase GH2 and it can be used as a free enzyme for catalytic conversion of microalgae oil mixed with methanol or ethanol for biodiesel production in an n-hexane solvent system. Conversion rates of two major types of biodiesel, fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) and fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE), reached maximal values (>90%) after 24h. The process of FAME production is generally more simple and economical than that of FAEE production, even though the two processes show similar conversion rates. In spite of the damaging effect of ethanol on enzyme activity, we successfully obtained ethyl ester by the enzymatic method. Our findings indicate that Lipase GH2 is a useful catalyst for conversion of microalgae oil to FAME or FAEE, and this system provides efficiency and reduced costs in biodiesel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Huang
- State Key Laboratories for Agro-biotechnology and College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Ji Xia
- State Key Laboratories for Agro-biotechnology and College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Wei Jiang
- State Key Laboratories for Agro-biotechnology and College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratories for Agro-biotechnology and College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Jilun Li
- State Key Laboratories for Agro-biotechnology and College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
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22
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Cai X, Ma J, Wei DZ, Lin JP, Wei W. Functional expression of a novel alkaline-adapted lipase of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens from stinky tofu brine and development of immobilized enzyme for biodiesel production. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2014; 106:1049-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s10482-014-0274-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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23
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Characterization of an organic solvent-tolerant lipase from Haloarcula sp. G41 and its application for biodiesel production. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2014; 59:455-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s12223-014-0320-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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24
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Guncheva M, Dimitrov M, Kambourova M. Excellent Stability and Synthetic Activity of Lipase fromB. StearothermophilusMC7 Immobilized on Tin Dioxide in Environmentally Friendly Medium. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2014. [DOI: 10.5504/bbeq.2013.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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25
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Nasaruddin RR, Alam MZ, Jami MS. Evaluation of solvent system for the enzymatic synthesis of ethanol-based biodiesel from sludge palm oil (SPO). BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 154:155-161. [PMID: 24384322 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.11.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A green technology of biodiesel production focuses on the use of enzymes as the catalyst. In enzymatic biodiesel synthesis, suitable solvent system is very essential to reduce the inhibition effects of the solvent to the enzymes. This study produced ethanol-based biodiesel from a low-cost sludge palm oil (SPO) using locally-produced Candida cylindracea lipase from fermentation of palm oil mill effluent (POME) based medium. The optimum levels of ethanol-to-SPO molar ratio and enzyme loading were found to be 4:1 and 10 U/25 g of SPO respectively with 54.4% w/w SPO yield of biodiesel and 21.7% conversion of free fatty acid (FFA) into biodiesel. Addition of tert-butanol at 2:1 tert-butanol-to-SPO molar ratio into the ethanol-solvent system increased the yield of biodiesel to 71.6% w/w SPO and conversion of FFA into biodiesel to 28.8%. The SPO and ethanol have promising potential for the production of renewable biodiesel using enzymatic-catalyzed esterification and transesterification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricca Rahman Nasaruddin
- Bioenvironmental Engineering Research Centre (BERC), Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, P.O. Box 10, 50728 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Md Zahangir Alam
- Bioenvironmental Engineering Research Centre (BERC), Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, P.O. Box 10, 50728 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Mohammed Saedi Jami
- Bioenvironmental Engineering Research Centre (BERC), Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, P.O. Box 10, 50728 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Xie F, Quan S, Liu D, Ma H, Li F, Zhou F, Chen G. Purification and characterization of a novel α-amylase from a newly isolated Bacillus methylotrophicus strain P11-2. Process Biochem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2013.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Sivaramakrishnan R, Muthukumar K. Direct transesterification of Oedogonium sp. oil be using immobilized isolated novel Bacillus sp. lipase. J Biosci Bioeng 2014; 117:86-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2013.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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28
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Li X, Qian P, Wu SG, Yu HY. Characterization of an organic solvent-tolerant lipase from Idiomarina sp. W33 and its application for biodiesel production using Jatropha oil. Extremophiles 2013; 18:171-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00792-013-0610-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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29
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Xu J, Zhuang Y, Wu B, Su L, He B. Calcium-ion-induced stabilization of the protease from Bacillus cereus WQ9-2 in aqueous hydrophilic solvents: effect of calcium ion binding on the hydration shell and intramolecular interactions. J Biol Inorg Chem 2013; 18:211-221. [PMID: 23322168 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-012-0966-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 11/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The neutral protease WQ from Bacillus cereus is stable in various aqueous organic mixtures, with the exception of those containing acetonitrile (ACN) and dimethylformamide (DMF). The stability of the enzyme in aqueous hydrophilic solvents was dramatically enhanced with the addition of calcium ions, with the degree of improvement in the half-life relative to different solutions ranging from fourfold to more than 70-fold. Studies of the kinetic constants showed that calcium ions induced slight conformational changes in the active site of the enzyme in aqueous ACN. We investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying this stabilizing effect by employing a combination of biophysical techniques and molecular dynamics simulation. In aqueous ACN, the intrinsic fluorescence and circular dichroism analysis demonstrated that the addition of calcium ions induced a relatively compact conformation and maintained both the native-like microenvironment near the tryptophan residues and the secondary structure. Alternatively, homology modeling confirmed the location of four calcium-ion-binding sites in the enzyme, and molecular dynamics simulation revealed that three other calcium ions were bound to the surface of the enzyme. Calcium ions, known as a type of kosmotrope, can strongly bond with water molecules, thus aiding in the formation of the regional hydration shell required for the maintenance of enzyme activity. In addition, the introduction of calcium ions resulted in the formation of additional ionic interactions, providing propitious means for protein stabilization. Thus, the stronger intramolecular interactions were also expected to contribute partially to the enhanced stability of the enzyme in an aqueous organic solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxing Xu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, 30 Puzhunan Road, Nanjing, 211816, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Zhuang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, 30 Puzhunan Road, Nanjing, 211816, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Wu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, 30 Puzhunan Road, Nanjing, 211816, Jiangsu, China
| | - Long Su
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, 30 Puzhunan Road, Nanjing, 211816, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bingfang He
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, 30 Puzhunan Road, Nanjing, 211816, Jiangsu, China.
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