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Camacho KF, de Melo Carlos L, Bernal SPF, de Oliveira VM, Ruiz JLM, Ottoni JR, Vieira R, Neto A, Rosa LH, Passarini MRZ. Antarctic marine sediment as a source of filamentous fungi-derived antimicrobial and antitumor compounds of pharmaceutical interest. Extremophiles 2024; 28:21. [PMID: 38532228 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-024-01339-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Antarctica harbors a microbial diversity still poorly explored and of inestimable biotechnological value. Cold-adapted microorganisms can produce a diverse range of metabolites stable at low temperatures, making these compounds industrially interesting for biotechnological use. The present work investigated the biotechnological potential for antimicrobial and antitumor activity of filamentous fungi and bacteria isolated from marine sediment samples collected at Deception Island, Antarctica. A total of 89 microbial isolates were recovered from marine sediments and submitted to an initial screening for L-glutaminase with antitumoral activity and for antimicrobial metabolites. The isolates Pseudogymnoascus sp. FDG01, Pseudogymnoascus sp. FDG02, and Penicillium sp. FAD33 showed potential antiproliferative action against human pancreatic carcinoma cells while showing no toxic effect on non-tumor cells. The microbial extracts from unidentified three bacteria and four filamentous fungi showed antibacterial activity against at least one tested pathogenic bacterial strain. The isolate FDG01 inhibited four bacterial species, while the isolate FDG01 was active against Micrococcus luteus in the minimal inhibitory concentration of 0.015625 μg mL -1. The results pave the way for further optimization of enzyme production and characterization of enzymes and metabolites found and reaffirm Antarctic marine environments as a wealthy source of compounds potentially applicable in the healthcare and pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Fernandes Camacho
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Ambiental, Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana - UNILA, Foz Do Iguaçu, PR, 85870-650, Brazil
| | - Layssa de Melo Carlos
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Ambiental, Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana - UNILA, Foz Do Iguaçu, PR, 85870-650, Brazil
| | - Suzan Prado Fernandes Bernal
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Ambiental, Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana - UNILA, Foz Do Iguaçu, PR, 85870-650, Brazil
| | | | - Jorge Luiz Maria Ruiz
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Integração Latino-Americana - UNILA, Foz Do Iguaçu, PR, 85870-650, Brazil
| | - Júlia Ronzella Ottoni
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Ambiental, Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana - UNILA, Foz Do Iguaçu, PR, 85870-650, Brazil
| | - Rosemary Vieira
- Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Arthur Neto
- Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luiz Henrique Rosa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Michel Rodrigo Zambrano Passarini
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Ambiental, Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana - UNILA, Foz Do Iguaçu, PR, 85870-650, Brazil.
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L-Glutamine-, peptidyl- and protein-glutaminases: structural features and applications in the food industry. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:204. [PMID: 36002753 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03391-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
L-Glutaminases are enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of the gamma-amido bond of L-glutamine residues, producing ammonia and L-glutamate. These enzymes have several applications in food and pharmaceutical industries. However, the L-glutaminases that hydrolyze free L-glutamine (L-glutamine glutaminases, EC 3.5.1.2) have different structures and properties with respect to the L-glutaminases that hydrolyze the same amino acid covalently bound in peptides (peptidyl glutaminases, EC 3.5.1.43) and proteins (protein-glutamine glutaminase, EC 3.5.1.44). In the food industry, L-glutamine glutaminases are applied to enhance the flavor of foods, whereas protein glutaminases are useful to improve the functional properties of proteins. This review will focus on structural backgrounds and differences between these enzymes, the methodology available to measure the activity as well as strengths and limitations. Production methods, applications, and challenges in the food industry will be also discussed. This review will provide useful information to search and identify the suitable L-glutaminase that best fits to the intended application.
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Characterization of a New L-Glutaminase Produced by Achromobacter xylosoxidans RSHG1, Isolated from an Expired Hydrolyzed L-Glutamine Sample. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11111262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As significant biocatalyst, L-glutaminases find potential applications in various fields, from nourishment to the pharmaceutical industry. Anticancer activity and flavor enhancement are the most promising applications of L-glutaminases. In this study, L-glutaminase was isolated and purified from an old glutamine sample. A selected bacterial isolate was characterized taxonomically by morphological characters, biochemical testing and 16S rDNA sequence homology testing. The taxonomical characterization of the isolate identified it as Achromobacter xylosoxidans strain RSHG1. The isolate showed maximum enzyme production at 30 °C, pH 9, with Sorbitol as a carbon source and L-Glutamine as a nitrogen and inducer source. L-Glutaminsae was purified by using column chromatography on a Sephadex G-75. The enzyme has a molecular weight of 40 KDa, pH optimal 7 and is stable in the pH range of 6–8. The optimum temperature for the catalyst was 40 °C and stable at 35–50 °C. The kinetic studies of the purified L-glutaminase exhibited Km and Vmax of 0.236 mM and 443.8 U/mg, respectively. L-Glutaminase activity was increased when incubated with 20 mM CaCl2, BaCl2, ZnSO4, KCl, MgSO4 and NaCl, whereas EDTA, CoCl2, HgCl, ZnSO4 and FeSO4 decreased the activity of the enzyme. The addition of 8% NaCl enhanced the glutaminase activity. L-Glutaminase immobilized on 3.6% agar was stable for up to 3 weeks.
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Ferreira FV, Herrmann-Andrade AM, Binolfi A, Calabrese CD, Mac Cormack WP, Musumeci MA. Characteristics of a Cold-Adapted L-glutaminase with Potential Applications in the Food Industry. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 193:3121-3138. [PMID: 34085170 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03596-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
L-glutaminases are enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of L-glutamine, producing L-glutamate and ammonium, and they have promising applications in pharmaceutical and food industries. Several investigations have focused on thermo-tolerant L-glutaminases; however, studies on cold-adapted L-glutaminases have not been reported. These enzymes could be useful in the food industry because they display high catalytic activity at low and room temperatures, a valuable feature in processes aimed to save energy. Besides, they can be easily inactivated by warming and are suitable to prevent decomposition of thermo-labile compounds. The objectives of this work were to characterize the L-glutaminase from the Antarctic bacterium Bizionia argentinensis and analyze its capability as flavor enhancer of protein hydrolysates. The enzyme was heterologously expressed and purified from Escherichia coli, obtaining optimum and homogeneous yields. Kinetic parameters Km and Vmax were located at the lower and upper range of values reported for L-glutaminases, suggesting high catalytic efficiency. Optimum temperature was 25 °C, and the enzyme conserved around 90% of maximum activity at 0 °C and in presence of 15% (v/v) ethanol and methanol. In saline conditions, the enzyme conserved around 80% of maximum activity in 3 M NaCl. Analysis of structural model suggested cold-adaptation features such as low Arg/(Arg+Lys) ratio and fewer intramolecular interactions than mesophilic and thermo-tolerant L-glutaminases. This work provides a novel cold-adapted L-glutaminase with promising features in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia V Ferreira
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) - Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Entre Ríos (CITER), Monseñor Tavella 1450 (E3202 BCJ), Concordia, Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | - Andreina M Herrmann-Andrade
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Alimentación, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Monseñor Tavella 1450 (E3202 BCJ), Concordia, Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | - Andrés Binolfi
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) - Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR), Ocampo y Esmeralda (S2000EZP), Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Plataforma Argentina de Biología Estructural y Metabolómica (PLABEM), Ocampo y Esmeralda, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Carla D Calabrese
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Alimentación, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Monseñor Tavella 1450 (E3202 BCJ), Concordia, Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | - Walter P Mac Cormack
- Instituto NANOBIOTEC - Cátedra de Biotecnología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, 956 (C1113AAZ), Junín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto Antártico Argentino, 25 de Mayo 1143 (B1650HMK), San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Matías A Musumeci
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) - Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Entre Ríos (CITER), Monseñor Tavella 1450 (E3202 BCJ), Concordia, Entre Ríos, Argentina.
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Alimentación, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Monseñor Tavella 1450 (E3202 BCJ), Concordia, Entre Ríos, Argentina.
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Barzkar N, Sohail M, Tamadoni Jahromi S, Nahavandi R, Khodadadi M. Marine microbial L-glutaminase: from pharmaceutical to food industry. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:4453-4466. [PMID: 34043082 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11356-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Deamination of L-glutamine to glutamic acid with the concomitant release of ammonia by the activity of L-glutaminase (L-glutamine amidohydrolase EC 3.5.1.2) is a unique reaction that also finds potential applications in different sectors ranging from therapeutics to food industry. Owing to its cost-effectiveness, rapidity, and compatibility with downstream processes, microbial production of L-glutaminase is preferred over the production by other sources. Marine microorganisms including bacteria, yeasts, and moulds have manifested remarkable capacity to produce L-glutaminase and, therefore, are considered as prospective candidates for large-scale production of this enzyme. The main focus of this article is to provide an overview of L-glutaminase producing marine microorganisms, to discuss strategies used for the lab- and large-scale production of these enzyme and to review the application of L-glutaminase from marine sources so that the future prospects can be understood. KEY POINTS: • L-glutaminase has potential applications in different sectors ranging from therapeutics to food industry • Marine microorganisms are considered as prospective candidates for large-scale production of L-glutaminase • Marine microbial L-glutaminase have great potential in therapeutics and in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noora Barzkar
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, 3995, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | - Muhammad Sohail
- Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Saeid Tamadoni Jahromi
- Persian Gulf and Oman Sea Ecology Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Reza Nahavandi
- Animal Science Research Institute of Iran (ASRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Mojgan Khodadadi
- Department of Fisheries, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran
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6
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Mostafa YS, Alamri SA, Alfaifi MY, Alrumman SA, Elbehairi SEI, Taha TH, Hashem M. L-Glutaminase Synthesis by Marine Halomonas meridiana Isolated from the Red Sea and Its Efficiency against Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26071963. [PMID: 33807313 PMCID: PMC8037810 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
L-glutaminase is an important anticancer agent that is used extensively worldwide by depriving cancer cells of L-glutamine. The marine bacterium, Halomonas meridian was isolated from the Red Sea and selected as the more active L-glutaminase-producing bacteria. L-glutaminase fermentation was optimized at 36 h, pH 8.0, 37 °C, and 3.0% NaCl, using glucose at 1.5% and soybean meal at 2%. The purified enzyme showed a specific activity of 36.08 U/mg, and the molecular weight was found to be 57 kDa by the SDS-PAGE analysis. The enzyme was highly active at pH 8.0 and 37 °C. The kinetics’ parameters of Km and Vmax were 12.2 × 10−6 M and 121.95 μmol/mL/min, respectively, which reflects a higher affinity for its substrate. The anticancer efficiency of the enzyme showed significant toxic activity toward colorectal adenocarcinoma cells; LS 174 T (IC50 7.0 μg/mL) and HCT 116 (IC50 13.2 μg/mL). A higher incidence of cell death was observed with early apoptosis in HCT 116 than in LS 174 T, whereas late apoptosis was observed in LS 174 T more than in HCT 116. Also, the L-glutaminase induction nuclear fragmentation in HCT 116 was more than that in the LS 174T cells. This is the first report on Halomonas meridiana as an L-glutaminase producer that is used as an anti-colorectal cancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser S. Mostafa
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.); (M.Y.A.); (S.A.A.); (S.E.I.E.); (M.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Saad A. Alamri
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.); (M.Y.A.); (S.A.A.); (S.E.I.E.); (M.H.)
- Prince Sultan Bin Abdulaziz Center for Environmental and Tourism Research and Studies, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Y. Alfaifi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.); (M.Y.A.); (S.A.A.); (S.E.I.E.); (M.H.)
| | - Sulaiman A. Alrumman
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.); (M.Y.A.); (S.A.A.); (S.E.I.E.); (M.H.)
| | - Serag Eldin I. Elbehairi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.); (M.Y.A.); (S.A.A.); (S.E.I.E.); (M.H.)
- Cell Culture Lab, Egyptian Organization for Biological Products and Vaccines, P.O. Box 12311, Giza, Egypt
| | - Tarek H. Taha
- Environmental Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research & Technological Applications, P.O. Box 21934, Alexandria, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed Hashem
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.); (M.Y.A.); (S.A.A.); (S.E.I.E.); (M.H.)
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, P.O. Box 61413, Assiut, Egypt
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Vachher M, Sen A, Kapila R, Nigam A. Microbial therapeutic enzymes: A promising area of biopharmaceuticals. CURRENT RESEARCH IN BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crbiot.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Microbial enzymes for deprivation of amino acid metabolism in malignant cells: biological strategy for cancer treatment. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:2857-2869. [PMID: 32037468 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10432-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Amino acid deprivation therapy (AADT) is emerging as a promising strategy for the development of novel therapeutics against cancer. This biological therapy relies upon the differences in the metabolism of cancer and normal cells. The rapid growth of tumors results in decreased expression of certain enzymes leading to auxotrophy for some specific amino acids. These auxotrophic tumors are targeted by amino acid-depleting enzymes. The depletion of amino acid selectively inhibits tumor growth as the normal cells can synthesize amino acids by their usual machinery. The enzymes used in AADT are mostly obtained from microbes for their easy availability. Microbial L-asparaginase is already approved by FDA for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Arginine deiminase and methionase are under clinical trials and the therapeutic potential of lysine oxidase, glutaminase and phenylalanine ammonia lyase is also being explored. The present review provides an overview of microbial amino acid depriving enzymes. Various attributes of these enzymes like structure, mode of action, production, formulations, and targeted cancers are discussed. The challenges faced and the combat strategies to establish AADT in standard cancer armamentarium are also reviewed.Key Points • Amino acid deprivation therapy is a potential therapy for auxotrophic tumors. • Microbial enzymes are used due to their ease of manipulation and high productivity. • Enzyme properties are improved by PEGylation, encapsulation, and genetic engineering. • AADT can be employed as combinational therapy for better containment of cancer.
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Novel halo- and thermo-tolerant Cohnella sp. A01 L-glutaminase: heterologous expression and biochemical characterization. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19062. [PMID: 31836796 PMCID: PMC6910923 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55587-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
L-glutaminase importance to use in the food industry and medicine has attracted much attention. Enzymes stability has always been a challenge while working with them. We heterologously expressed and characterized a novel stable L-glutaminase from an extremophile bacterium (Cohnella sp. A01, PTCC No: 1921). Km, Vmax, catalytic efficiency and specific activity of rSAM were respectively 1.8 mM, 49 µmol/min, 1851 1/(S.mM) and 9.2 IU/mg. Activation energy for substrate to product conversion and irreversible thermo-inactivation were respectively 4 kJ/mol and 105 kJ/mol from the linear Arrhenius plot. rSAM had the highest activity at temperature 50 °C, pH 8 and was resistant to a wide range of temperature and pH. In compare to the other characterized glutaminases, rSAM was the most resistant to NaCl. Mg2+, glycerol, DTT, and BME enhanced the enzyme activity and iodoacetate and iodoacetamide inhibited it. rSAM had only been partially digested by some proteases. According to the Fluorimetry and Circular dichroism analysis, rSAM in pH range from 4 to 11 and temperatures up to 60 °C had structural stability. A cysteine residue in the enzyme active site and a thiol bond were predicted upon the modeled tertiary structure of rSAM. Present structural studies also confirmed the presence of a thiol bond in its structure.
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Amobonye A, Singh S, Pillai S. Recent advances in microbial glutaminase production and applications-a concise review. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2019; 39:944-963. [PMID: 31327254 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2019.1640659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
This article focuses on significant advances in the production and applications of microbial glutaminases and provides insight into the structures of different glutaminases. Glutaminases catalyze the deamidation of glutamine to glutamic acid, and this unique ability forms the basis of their applications in various industries such as pharmaceutical and food organizations. Microbial glutaminases from bacteria, actinomycetes, yeast, and fungi are of greater significance than animal glutaminases because of their stability, affordability, and ease of production. Owing to these notable benefits, they are considered to possess considerable potential in anticancer and antiviral therapy, flavor enhancers in oriental foods, biosensors and in the production of a nutraceutical theanine. This review also aims to fully explore the potential of microbial glutaminases and to set the pace for future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayodeji Amobonye
- a Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences , Durban University of Technology , Durban , South Africa
| | - Suren Singh
- a Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences , Durban University of Technology , Durban , South Africa
| | - Santhosh Pillai
- a Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences , Durban University of Technology , Durban , South Africa
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Abu-Tahon MA, Isaac GS. Purification, characterization and anticancer efficiency of L-glutaminase from Aspergillus flavus. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2019; 65:284-292. [PMID: 31130583 DOI: 10.2323/jgam.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to purify L-glutaminase from Aspergillus flavus. The enzyme was purified 12.47-fold from a cell-free extract with a final specific activity of 613.3 U/mg and the yield was 51.11%. The molecular weight of the enzyme, as estimated by SDS-PAGE, was found to be 69 kDa. The maximal activity of L-glutaminase was recorded at pH 8 and 40°C. The highest activity was reported towards L-glutamine as substrate, with an apparent Km value of 4.5 mmol and Vmax was 20 Uml-1. The enzyme was activated by Na+ and Co2+, while it was greatly suppressed by iodoacetate, NEM, Zn2+ and Hg2+ at 10 mM. L-glutaminase activity increased with a gradual increase of sodium chloride concentration up to 15%. In vivo, the median lethal dose (LD50) was approximately 39.4 mg/kg body weight after intraperitoneal injection in Sprague Dawley rats. Also, L-glutaminase showed no observed changes in liver and kidney functions and hematological parameters on rates. Purified A. flavus L-glutaminase had neither a cognizable effect on human platelet aggregation nor hemolytic activity. In addition, MTT assay showed that the purified L-glutaminase has a high toxic impact on Hela and Hep G2 cell lines with an IC50 value 18 and 12 μg/ml, respectively, and a moderate cytotoxic effect on HCT-116 and MCF7 cells, with an IC50 value 44 and 58 μg/ml, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medhat Ahmed Abu-Tahon
- Biological and Geological Sciences Department, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University
| | - George Saad Isaac
- Biological and Geological Sciences Department, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University
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Zolfaghar M, Amoozegar MA, Khajeh K, Babavalian H, Tebyanian H. Isolation and screening of extracellular anticancer enzymes from halophilic and halotolerant bacteria from different saline environments in Iran. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:3275-3286. [PMID: 30993582 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04787-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
It was confirmed that several enzymes have anti-cancer activity. The enzymes L-asparaginase, L-glutaminase, and L-arginase were chosen according to amino acids starvation in cancer cells and screened in halophilic and halotolerant bacteria, given probably less immunological reactions of halophilic or halotolerant enzymes in patients. Out of 110 halophilic and halotolerant strains, isolated from different saline environments in Iran and screened, some could produce a variety of anticancer enzymes. A total of 29, 4, and 2 strains produced L-asparaginase, L-glutaminase, and L-arginase, respectively. According to the phenotypic characteristics and partial 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the positive strains-strains with the ability to produce these anticancer enzymes-were identified as the members of the genera: Bacillus, Dietzia, Halobacillus, Rhodococcus, Paenibacillus and Planococcus as Gram-positive bacteria and Pseudomonas, Marinobacter, Halomonas, Idiomarina, Vibrio and Stappia as Gram-negative bacteria. The production of anticancer enzymes was mostly observed in the rod-shaped Gram-negative isolates, particularly in the members of the genera Halomonas and Marinobacter. Most of the enzymes were produced in the stationary phase of growth and the maximum enzyme activity was experienced in strain GBPx3 (Vibrio sp.) for L-asparaginase at 1.0 IU/ml, strain R2S25 (Rhodococcus sp.) for L-glutaminase at 0.6 IU/ml and strain GAAy3 (Planococcus sp.) for L-arginase at 3.1 IU/ml. The optimum temperature and pH for L-asparaginase and L-glutaminase activities in selected strains were similar to the physiological conditions of human body and the enzymes could tolerate NaCl up to 7.5% concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdis Zolfaghar
- Extremophiles Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, P. O. Box 14155-6455, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Amoozegar
- Extremophiles Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, P. O. Box 14155-6455, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Khosro Khajeh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Babavalian
- Applied Virology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Tebyanian
- Research Center for Prevention of Oral and Dental Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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More SS, Swamy R, Mohan N, Navyashree M, Janardhan B, Niyonzima FN. Purification and Characterization of Anti-cancer l-Glutaminase of Bacillus cereus Strain LC13. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40011-016-0808-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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14
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Reda FM. Kinetic properties of Streptomyces canarius L- Glutaminase and its anticancer efficiency. Braz J Microbiol 2015; 46:957-68. [PMID: 26691453 PMCID: PMC4704638 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-838246420130847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
L-glutaminase was produced by Streptomyces canarius FR (KC460654) with an apparent molecular mass of 44 kDa. It has 17.9 purification fold with a final specific activity 132.2 U/mg proteins and 28% yield recovery. The purified L-glutaminase showed a maximal activity against L-glutamine when incubated at pH 8.0 at 40 °C for 30 min. It maintained its stability at wide range of pH from 5.0 11.0 and thermal stable up to 60 °C with Tm value 57.5 °C. It has high affinity and catalytic activity for L-glutamine (Km 0.129 mM, Vmax 2.02 U/mg/min), followed by L-asparagine and L-aspartic acid. In vivo, L-glutaminase showed no observed changes in liver; kidney functions; hematological parameters and slight effect on RBCs and level of platelets after 10 days of rabbit's injection. The anticancer activity of L-glutaminase was also tested against five types of human cancer cell lines using MTT assay in vitro. L-glutaminase has a significant efficiency against Hep-G2 cell (IC50, 6.8 μg/mL) and HeLa cells (IC50, 8.3 μg/mL), while the growth of MCF-7 cells was not affected. L-glutaminase has a moderate cytotoxic effect against HCT-116 cell (IC50, 64.7 μg/mL) and RAW 264.7 cell (IC50, 59.3 μg/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fifi M. Reda
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Zagazig University, Zagazig,
Egypt
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15
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Optimization and purification of anticancer enzyme L-glutaminase from Alcaligenes faecalis KLU102. Biologia (Bratisl) 2015. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-014-0486-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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16
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PEG-PHB-glutaminase nanoparticle inhibits cancer cell proliferation in vitro through glutamine deprivation. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2014; 51:372-80. [PMID: 25424834 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-014-9840-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrate that L-glutaminase, a marine bacterial enzyme with a molecular weight of 37 kDa, inhibits cancer cell proliferation in vitro through glutamine deprivation. The concentration of the enzyme reducing the viability of HeLa cells to 50% was determined to be 12.5 μg/mL; the function of L-glutaminase in controlling cell proliferation was further analysed by BrdU assays. To increase its stability and bioavailability, the enzyme was immobilized on polyethyleneglycol (PEG)-polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) nanoparticles. A dented anatomy of the HeLa cells was observed under fluorescence and confocal microscopy when they were incubated with L-glutaminase and in glutamine-free medium, as also a 3-fold increase in caspase-3 activity was observed under the same conditions. Blebbed cytoplasm and shrunken nuclei were observed in treated cells under transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Finally, the influence of the enzyme on cell cycle and DNA damage was evaluated using flow cytometry and DNA fragmentation assays. The results confirmed significant damage to the DNA of HeLa cells incubated with L-glutaminase and in glutamine-free medium. These studies attest to the significant role played by L-glutaminase against proliferation in cancer cells through glutamine deprivation.
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