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Isolation and Identification of Natural Colorant Producing Soil-Borne Aspergillus niger from Bangladesh and Extraction of the Pigment. Foods 2021; 10:foods10061280. [PMID: 34205202 PMCID: PMC8227025 DOI: 10.3390/foods10061280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural colorants have been used in several ways throughout human history, such as in food, dyes, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and many other products. The study aimed to isolate the natural colorant-producing filamentous fungi Aspergillus niger from soil and extract pigments for its potential use specially for food production. Fourteen soil samples were collected from Madhupur National Park at Madhupur Upazila in the Mymensingh district, Bangladesh. The Aspergillus niger was isolated and identified from the soil samples by following conventional mycological methods (cultural and morphological characteristics), followed by confirmatory identification by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of conserved sequences of ITS1 ribosomal DNA using specific oligonucleotide primers. This was followed by genus- and species-specific primers targeting Aspergillus niger with an amplicon size of 521 and 310 bp, respectively. For pigment production, a mass culture of Aspergillus niger was conducted in Sabouraud dextrose broth in shaking conditions for seven days. The biomass was subjected to extraction of the pigments following an ethanol-based extraction method and concentrated using a rotary evaporator. Aspergillus niger could be isolated from three samples. The yield of extracted brown pigment from Aspergillus niger was 0.75% (w/v). Spectroscopic analysis of the pigments was carried out using a UV-VIS spectrophotometer. An in vivo experiment was conducted with mice to assess the toxicity of the pigments. From the colorimetric and sensory evaluations, pigment-supplemented products (cookies and lemon juice) were found to be more acceptable than the control products. This could be the first attempt to use Aspergillus niger extracted pigment from soil samples in food products in Bangladesh, but for successful food production, the food colorants must be approved by a responsible authority, e.g., the FDA or the BSTI. Moreover, fungal pigments could be used in the emerging fields of the food and textile industries in Bangladesh.
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Soliman TN, Wahba MI, Badr AN. Fungal Pigments for Food Industry. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-85603-8_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Barrios-González J, Pérez-Sánchez A, Bibián ME. New knowledge about the biosynthesis of lovastatin and its production by fermentation of Aspergillus terreus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:8979-8998. [PMID: 32930839 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10871-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Lovastatin, and its semisynthetic derivative simvastatine, has great medical and economic importance, besides great potential for other uses. In the last years, a deeper and more complex view of secondary metabolism regulation has emerged, with the incorporation of cluster-specific and global transcription factors, and their relation to signaling cascades, as well as the new level of epigenetic regulation. Recently, a new mechanism, which regulates lovastatin biosynthesis, at transcriptional level, has been discovered: reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulation; also new unexpected environmental stimuli have been identified, which induce the synthesis of lovastatin, like quorum sensing-type molecules and support stimuli. The present review describes this new panorama and uses this information, together with the knowledge on lovastatin biosynthesis and genomics, as the foundation to analyze literature on optimization of fermentation parameters and medium composition, and also to fully understand new strategies for strain genetic improvement. This new knowledge has been applied to the development of more effective culture media, with the addition of molecules like butyrolactone I, oxylipins, and spermidine, or with addition of ROS-generating molecules to increase internal ROS levels in the cell. It has also been applied to the development of new strategies to generate overproducing strains of Aspergillus terreus, including engineering of the cluster-specific transcription factor (lovE), global transcription factors like the ones implicated in ROS regulation (or even mitochondrial alternative respiration aox gen), or the global regulator LaeA. Moreover, there is potential to apply some of these findings to the development of novel unconventional production systems. KEY POINTS: • New findings in regulation of lovastatin biosynthesis, like ROS regulation. • Induction by unexpected stimuli: autoinducer molecules and support stimuli. • Recent reports on culture medium and process optimization from this stand point. • Applications to molecular genetic strain improvement methods and production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Barrios-González
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana -Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, 09340, Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Ailed Pérez-Sánchez
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana -Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, 09340, Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - María Esmeralda Bibián
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana -Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, 09340, Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Improvement of Curvulamine Production by Precursors Co-addition Strategy in Liquid Culture of Marine-Derived Fungus Curvularia sp. IFB-Z10. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 190:73-89. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-019-03072-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Liu Y, Bai C, Xu Q, Yu J, Zhou X, Zhang Y, Cai M. Improved methanol-derived lovastatin production through enhancement of the biosynthetic pathway and intracellular lovastatin efflux in methylotrophic yeast. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2018. [DOI: 10.1186/s40643-018-0202-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Co-addition Strategy for Enhancement of Chaetominine from Submerged Fermentation of Aspergillus fumigatus CY018. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 186:384-399. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-2714-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Liu Y, Tu X, Xu Q, Bai C, Kong C, Liu Q, Yu J, Peng Q, Zhou X, Zhang Y, Cai M. Engineered monoculture and co-culture of methylotrophic yeast for de novo production of monacolin J and lovastatin from methanol. Metab Eng 2017; 45:189-199. [PMID: 29258964 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
As a promising one-carbon renewable substrate for industrial biotechnology, methanol has attracted much attention. However, engineering of microorganisms for industrial production of pharmaceuticals using a methanol substrate is still in infancy. In this study, the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris was used to produce anti-hypercholesterolemia pharmaceuticals, lovastatin and its precursor monacolin J, from methanol. The biosynthetic pathways for monacolin J and lovastatin were first assembled and optimized in single strains using single copies of the relevant biosynthetic genes, and yields of 60.0mg/L monacolin J and 14.4mg/L lovastatin were obtained using methanol following pH controlled monoculture. To overcome limitations imposed by accumulation of intermediates and metabolic stress in monoculture, approaches using pathway splitting and co-culture were developed. Two pathway splitting strategies for monacolin J, and four for lovastatin were tested at different metabolic nodes. Biosynthesis of monacolin J and lovastatin was improved by 55% and 71%, respectively, when the upstream and downstream modules were separately accommodated in two different fluorescent strains, split at the metabolic node of dihydromonacolin L. However, pathway distribution at monacolin J blocked lovastatin biosynthesis in all designs, mainly due to its limited ability of crossing cellular membranes. Bioreactor fermentations were tested for the optimal co-culture strategies, and yields of 593.9mg/L monacolin J and 250.8mg/L lovastatin were achieved. This study provides an alternative method for production of monacolin J and lovastatin and reveals the potential of a methylotrophic yeast to produce complicated pharmaceuticals from methanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiaohu Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Chenxiao Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Chuixing Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiahui Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qiangqiang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiangshan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yuanxing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Menghao Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
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Subhan M, Faryal R, Macreadie I. Production of statins by fungal fermentation. MICROBIOLOGY AUSTRALIA 2017. [DOI: 10.1071/ma17031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungi are used industrially to obtain a variety of products, from low value bulk chemicals to high value drugs like, immunosuppressants, antibiotics, alkaloids and statins. Lovastatin and compactin are natural statins produced as secondary metabolites by predominantly Aspergillus and Penicillium species, following a polyketide pathway. Lovastatin was one of the first cholesterol-lowering drugs. Many statins are now chemically synthesised but lovastatin is still required to produce simvastatin. Apart from reducing blood cholesterol levels simvastatin causes pleotropic effects and has potential to treat various kinds of disorders including neurodegenerative disease and cancer.
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Xu D, Yao H, Xu Z, Wang R, Xu Z, Li S, Feng X, Liu Y, Xu H. Production of ε-poly-lysine by Streptomyces albulus PD-1 via solid-state fermentation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 223:149-156. [PMID: 27792924 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to produce ε-poly-lysine (ε-PL) by Streptomyces albulus PD-1 through solid-state fermentation (SSF) using agro-industrial residues. Maximum ε-PL production (86.62mg/g substrate) was obtained a mixed substrate of rapeseed cake and wheat bran (2:1, w/w) supplemented with glucose (4%, w/w), (NH4)2SO4 (3%, w/w), with an initial moisture content of 65%, initial pH of 7.0 and inoculum size of 13% v/w, incubated at 30°C for 8days. The results of scanning electron microscopy indicated that the filamentous thallus could penetrate the substrate surface. Moreover, repeated-batch SSF was successfully conducted 8 times using 10% substrate as seeds for the next fermentation cycle, and the results suggest that repeated-batch SSF is more efficient because of the shortened lag phase. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on ε-PL production using the SSF process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing 211816, China; College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Haiqing Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing 211816, China; College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Zhaoxian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing 211816, China; College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing 211816, China; College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Zheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing 211816, China; College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Sha Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing 211816, China; College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xiaohai Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing 211816, China; College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Youhua Liu
- Fujian Inspecton and Research Institute for Food Quality, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Hong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing 211816, China; College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
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Dikshit R, Tallapragada P. Statistical optimization of lovastatin and confirmation of nonexistence of citrinin under solid-state fermentation by Monascus sanguineus. J Food Drug Anal 2016; 24:433-440. [PMID: 28911599 PMCID: PMC9339550 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2015.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lovastatin is a well-known natural statin, which is used for lowering plasma cholesterol levels by inhibiting 3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl coenzyme A reductase. Different strains of Aspergillus and Monascus sp. have been exploited for statin production but Monascus sanguineus is still unexplored. In this study, lovastatin production from Monascus sanguineus under solid state fermentation was optimized using response surface methodology. The optimized value of the lovastatin yield was 20.04 mg/gds with soybean concentration of 20 g/L, CaCl2 concentration of 2.5 g/L, acetic acid concentration of 25 μL and inoculum size of 3.4 mL. This study also documented spectrometric characterization and fragment pattern of lovastatin with the help of Fourier transfer infrared spectrometry and mass spectrometry. Citrinin was not detected in any of the samples used for this study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Padmavathi Tallapragada
- Corresponding author. Department of Microbiology, Centre for PG Studies, Jain University, 18/3, 9th Main road, 3rd Block, Jayanagar, Bangalore 560011, Karnataka, India. E-mail addresses: , (P. Tallapragada)
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Ley A, Coumou HC, Frandsen RJN. Heterologous expression of MlcE in Saccharomyces cerevisiae provides resistance to natural and semi-synthetic statins. Metab Eng Commun 2015; 2:117-123. [PMID: 34150514 PMCID: PMC8193252 DOI: 10.1016/j.meteno.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Statins are inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, the key enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. Their extensive use in treatment and prevention of cardiovascular diseases placed statins among the best selling drugs. Construction of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell factory for the production of high concentrations of natural statins will require establishment of a non-destructive self-resistance mechanism to overcome the undesirable growth inhibition effects of statins. To establish active export of statins from yeast, and thereby detoxification, we integrated a putative efflux pump-encoding gene mlcE from the mevastatin-producing Penicillium citrinum into the S. cerevisiae genome. The resulting strain showed increased resistance to both natural statins (mevastatin and lovastatin) and semi-synthetic statin (simvastatin) when compared to the wild type strain. Expression of RFP-tagged mlcE showed that MlcE is localized to the yeast plasma and vacuolar membranes. We provide a possible engineering strategy for improvement of future yeast based production of natural and semi-synthetic statins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ley
- Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads 223, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Hilde Cornelijne Coumou
- Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads 223, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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The International Symposium on Fungal Stress: ISFUS. Curr Genet 2015; 61:479-87. [DOI: 10.1007/s00294-015-0501-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Feng Y, Shao Y, Zhou Y, Chen F. Monacolin K production by citrinin-freeMonascus pilosusMS-1 and fermentation process monitoring. Eng Life Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201300128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Feng
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology; Ministry of Education; Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan Hubei Province P. R. China
- College of Food Science and Technology; Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan Hubei Province P. R. China
| | - Yanchun Shao
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology; Ministry of Education; Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan Hubei Province P. R. China
- College of Food Science and Technology; Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan Hubei Province P. R. China
| | - Youxiang Zhou
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products; Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Wuhan Hubei Province P. R. China
| | - Fusheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology; Ministry of Education; Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan Hubei Province P. R. China
- College of Food Science and Technology; Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan Hubei Province P. R. China
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Mating type genes and cryptic sexuality as tools for genetically manipulating industrial molds. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:9609-20. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5268-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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