Putra SED, Humardani FM, Mulyanata LT, Tanaya LTA, Wijono H, Sulistomo HW, Kesuma D, Ikawaty R. Exploring diet-induced promoter hypomethylation and PDK4 overexpression: implications for type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Mol Biol Rep 2023;
50:8949-8958. [PMID:
37707772 DOI:
10.1007/s11033-023-08794-7]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by limited metabolic flexibility in the body. Such limitation implicates the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) gene Poor nutrition, frequently observed among Southeast Asians usually involves excessive intakes of carbohydrates and monosodium glutamate (MSG), that have been frequently linked to an increased risk of T2DM.
METHODS
The 14-week study aimed to assess the effects of high-carbohydrate (HC), high-MSG (HMSG), and a combination of high-carbohydrate and high-MSG (HCHMSG) diets on the development of T2DM using male mice. To assess the effects, the male mice were divided into four groups: control (C), HC, HMSG, and HCHMSG for 14 weeks.
RESULTS
After 14 weeks, both the HC and HCHMSG groups showed signs of T2DM (168.83 ± 32.33; 156.42 ± 32.46). The blood samples from the HMSG, HC, and HCHMSG groups (57.67 ± 2.882; 49.22 ± 7.36; 48.9 ± 6.43) as well as skeletal muscle samples from the HMSG, HC, and HCHMSG groups (57.78 ± 8.54; 42.13 ± 7.25; 37.57 ± 10.42) exhibited a gradual hypomethylation. The HC groups particularly displayed significant PDK4 gene expression in skeletal muscle. A progressive overexpression of the PDK4 gene was observed as well in the HMSG, HCHMSG, and HC groups (2.03 ± 3.097; 3.21 ± 2.94; 5.86 ± 2.54).
CONCLUSIONS
These findings suggest that T2DM can be induced by high-carbohydrate and high-MSG diets. However, the sole consumption of high MSG did not lead to the development of T2DM. Further research should focus on conducting long-term studies to fully comprehend the impact of a high MSG diet on individuals with pre-existing T2DM.
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