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Okhue E, Kadiri HE, Ichipi-Ifukor PC, Ben-Azu B, Asagba SO, Achuba FI, Oyem JC. Prenatal double-hit with aluminium and cadmium mediate testicular atrophy and hypothalamic hypoplasia: the role of oxido-nitrergic stress and endocrine perturbations. Biometals 2024; 37:477-494. [PMID: 38190032 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-023-00563-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
There is limited experimental evidence on the biochemical consequences of aluminium (Al) and cadmium (Cd) co-exposures during pregnancy and postnatal life.This study investigated the impacts of perinatal Al chloride (AlCl3) and Cd chloride (CdCl2) co-exposures on neuroendocrine functions in mice offspring during postnatal life. The study comprised of four pregnant experimental groups. Group 1 received AlCl3 (10 mg/kg), group 2 were administered CdCl2 (1.5 mg/kg), while group 3 received both AlCl3 (10 mg/kg) and CdCl2 (1.5 mg/kg) (AlCl3+CdCl2), and group 4 received saline (10 mL/kg) only and served as control group. All experimental animals were chemically exposed once daily from gestation days 7-20. Upon delivery, male pups were regrouped based on maternal chemical exposure on postnatal day 21 (PND 21) and allowed to grow to adulthood until PND 78, after which they were sacrificed for assessment of neuroendocrine markers and histological investigations. There was no statistical significance (p > 0.05) on follicle stimulating hormone, testosterone, estrogen and progesterone, thyroid stimulating hormone, thyroxine (T4) in all treatment groups relative to controls|. However, AlCl3 and AlCl3-CdCl2 significantly (p < 0.05) reduced triiodothyronine (T3) levels, with a profound increase in T3:T4 ratio by AlCl3, and AlCl3+CdCl2 compared to control. Furthermore, pups from pregnant mice treated with CdCl2 and AlCl3+CdCl2 demonstrated increased testicular malondialdehyde concentration with increased catalase activity relative to controls, suggesting oxidative imbalance. In addition, AlCl3, CdCl2, and AlCl3+CdCl2 exposures induced testicular and hypothalamic architectural disruption compared to controls, with marked architectural derangement in the AlCl3+CdCl2 group. Our findings suggest that prenatal co-exposures to Alcl3 and CdCl2 induce testicular and hypothalamic alterations in offspring via a testicular oxidative stress and thyrotoxicosis-dependent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Okhue
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - Helen Ejiro Kadiri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
| | | | - Benneth Ben-Azu
- DELSU Joint Canada-Israel Neuroscience and Biopsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
| | | | | | - John Chukwuma Oyem
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Novena University, Ogume, Nigeria
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2
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Naik AQ, Zafar T, Shrivastava VK. The impact of non-caloric artificial sweetener aspartame on female reproductive system in mice model. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2023; 21:73. [PMID: 37580716 PMCID: PMC10424399 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-023-01115-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Artificial sweeteners, used as sugar substitutes have found their ways into almost all the food items due to the notion that they are non-caloric. Aspartame is used in numerous food products throughout the world. The primary users of aspartame include diabetics and calorie conscious people who intend to limit their calorie intake. METHODS Female Swiss albino mice were divided into three groups (12 mice each) for the duration of 30 and 60 days consecutively. The treatment groups received 40 mg/kg b. w. aspartame orally. Hormone assays using ELISA and tissue histopathology have been performed along with the fertility assay to access the treatment outcomeon the fertility of treated mice in comparison to controls. RESULTS Present study reports that female mice treated with aspartame for 30 and 60 days showed significant reduction in body weight, relative organ weight of (liver and kidney) and gonadosomatic index. These changes were more significantly recorded in 60 days treatment group. Aspartame treated animals for 30 and 60 days showed duration-dependent decrease gonandotropins (follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone), and steroids (estradiol and progesterone). Moreover, severe histopathological changes, reduction in number of growing follicles, degenerative changes in follicular structure, corona radiata and zonagranulosa were also observed. Besides, histomorphological changes were also observed in the uterine structure including atrophic uterine endometrial glands, contracted endometrial lining, disruption of the endometrial structure and the shapes of blood vessels were also altered. CONCLUSION Non-nutritive artificial sweeteners including aspartame negatively impact the function of ovaries and feedback mechanism of reproductive hormones by affecting the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. In light of present findings the aspartame negatively impacted the reproductive system of female mice. More studies are required to identify the molecular mechanism and the pathways involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ab Qayoom Naik
- Department of Zoology, Govt. Degree College, Paloura Mishriwala, Jammu, J & K, 180018, India.
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Biosciences, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, M. P, 462026, India.
| | - Tabassum Zafar
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Biosciences, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, M. P, 462026, India.
| | - Vinoy K Shrivastava
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Biosciences, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, M. P, 462026, India
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3
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Asghar H, Ahmed T. Comparative Study of Time-Dependent Aluminum Exposure and Post-Exposure Recovery Shows Better Improvement in Synaptic Changes and Neuronal Pathology in Rat Brain After Short-Term Exposure. Neurochem Res 2023:10.1007/s11064-023-03936-6. [PMID: 37093344 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03936-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum is a ubiquitous metal that causes multiple brain pathologies such as, cognitive dysfunction and Alzheimer's disease like symptoms. Exposure to aluminum through drinking water is responsible for hampering learning and memory. This study aimed to compare (1) the time-dependent effect of aluminum exposure (keeping total exposure of 5850 mg/kg same) in two durations, 30 and 45 days, and (2) to compare post-exposure self-recovery effect after 20 days in both (30 and 45 days exposure) groups. Rats were given 130 and 195 mg/kg of AlCl3·6H2O for 45 and 30 days respectively, to see the time-dependent exposure effect. At the end of exposure, rats were given distilled water and allowed to self-recover for 20 days to study the recovery. Expression levels of synaptic genes (Syp, SNAP25, Nrxn1/2, PSD95, Shank1/2, Homer1, CamkIV, Nrg1/2 and Kalrn) were measured using qPCR and compared in the exposure and recovery groups. Cellular morphology of the rat brain cortex and hippocampus was also investigated. Damage in lipid and protein profile was measured by employing FTIR. Results showed downregulation of mRNA expression of synaptic genes, plaques deposition, disorganization in lipid and protein profile by increasing membrane fluidity, and disorder and alteration of protein secondary structure after both exposure periods. However, better improvement/recovery in these parameters were observed in recovery group of 30 days aluminum exposure compared to 45 days aluminum exposure group. Taken together, these results suggested that short-term exposure resulted in better restoration of lipid and protein profile after time-dependent exposure of aluminum than prolonged exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humna Asghar
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Sector H-12, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Touqeer Ahmed
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Sector H-12, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
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4
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Li W, Sun Z, Li M, Yue B, Zhang X, Zhao Y, Wang J. Exposure to Fluoride From in Utero to Puberty Alters Gonadal Structure and Steroid Hormone Expression in Offspring Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:1261-1273. [PMID: 35445938 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03220-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The reproductive toxicity of fluoride has been proven by a large number of studies. While the underlying mechanism of reproductive toxicity during pregnancy is still unclear. Hence, in this study, we investigated the effects of fluoride exposure on ovarian and testicular steroid hormone synthesis in young and adult rat offspring. We established a model of fluoride-exposed rat pups from in utero to puberty to explore the mechanisms of fluoride impacts on reproductive toxicity in the offspring. The results showed that NaF exposure did not affect the 3 weeks of age offspring. Whereas the body weight in both sexes significantly decreased, and the ovarian and testicular tissue structures were damaged at 11 weeks of age. In females, the total number of secondary follicles and mature follicles were significantly reduced after NaF exposure. Moreover, estradiol (E2) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels in the females were significantly reduced in the 100 mg/L NaF exposure group. In males, the sperm viability and testosterone (T) were significantly decreased in the NaF exposure groups. Additionally, during steroidogenesis in ovaries and testes, fluoride remarkably decreased the expression levels of genes and proteins, including acute regulatory protein (StAR), 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD), cytochrome P450 17a-hydroxylase (CYP17A1), and cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (CYP11A1), while the mRNA levels of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD) decreased only in the testes. These results indicated that fluoride exposure disrupted the steroid hormone balance by changing several important steroidogenic-related genes associated with the development of the gonads, and damage the normal structure of the gonads in rat offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanpan Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Zilong Sun
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Meiyan Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Baijuan Yue
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Xuhua Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Yangfei Zhao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Jundong Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, Shanxi, China.
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5
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Badawoud MH, Abdel-aziz G, El-Fark MM, Badawoud HM. The Effect of Aluminum Exposure on Maternal Health and Fetal Growth in Rats. Cureus 2022; 14:e31775. [DOI: 10.7759/cureus.31775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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6
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Sarfraz A, Sarfraz Z, Sarfraz M, Nadeem Z, Felix M, Cherrez-Ojeda I. Menstrual irregularities following COVID-19 vaccination: A global cross-sectional survey. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022; 81:104220. [PMID: 35957648 PMCID: PMC9356761 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Azza Sarfraz
- The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
- Corresponding author. Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Faculty Office Building, Aga Khan University, P.O. Box: 3500, Stadium Road, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan.
| | - Zouina Sarfraz
- Fatima Jinnah Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
- Corresponding author. Fatima Jinnah Medical University, Queen's Road, Mozang Chungi, Lahore, Punjab, 54000, Pakistan.
| | | | | | - Miguel Felix
- Universidad Espíritu Santo, Samborondón, Ecuador
- Respiralab, Respiralab Research Group, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Ivan Cherrez-Ojeda
- Universidad Espíritu Santo, Samborondón, Ecuador
- Respiralab, Respiralab Research Group, Guayaquil, Ecuador
- Corresponding author. Universidad Espíritu Santo, Km. 2Vía La Puntilla, Samborondón, 0901, Ecuador.
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Prichystalova R, Caron-Beaudoin E, Richardson L, Dirkx E, Amadou A, Zavodna T, Cihak R, Cogliano V, Hynes J, Pelland-St-Pierre L, Verner MA, van Tongeren M, Ho V. An approach to classifying occupational exposures to endocrine disrupting chemicals by sex hormone function using an expert judgment process. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2021; 31:753-768. [PMID: 32704083 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-020-0253-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are exogenous substances that interfere with the endocrine system and cause adverse effects. We aimed to classify the effects of 24 known EDCs, prevalent in certain occupations, according to four modes of action (estrogenic, antiestrogenic, androgenic, and/or antiandrogenic). A literature search, stratified into four types of literature was conducted (namely: national and international agency reports; review articles; primary studies; ToxCastTM). The state of the evidence of each EDC on sex hormone function was summarized and reviewed by an expert panel. For each mode of action, the experts evaluated the likelihood of endocrine disruption in five categories: "No", "Unlikely", "Possibly", "Probably", and "Yes". Seven agents were categorized as "Yes," or having strong evidence for their effects on sex hormone function (antiandrogenic: lead, arsenic, butylbenzyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, dicyclohexyl phthalate; estrogenic: nonylphenol, bisphenol A). Nine agents were categorized as "Probable," or having probable evidence (antiandrogenic: bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, nonylphenol, toluene, bisphenol A, diisononyl phthalate; androgenic: cadmium; estrogenic: copper, cadmium and; anti-estrogenic: lead). Two agents (arsenic, polychlorinated biphenyls) had opposing conclusions supporting both "probably" estrogenic and antiestrogenic effects. This synthesis will allow researchers to evaluate the health effects of selected EDCs with an added level of precision related to the mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Prichystalova
- Faculty of Safety Engineering, Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - E Caron-Beaudoin
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - L Richardson
- Centre de recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - E Dirkx
- Centre de recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - A Amadou
- Département Prévention Cancer Environnement, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
- Inserm UA 08 Radiations: Défense, Santé, Environement, Lyon, France
| | - T Zavodna
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - R Cihak
- Výzkumný ústav organických syntéz a.s., Centre for Ecology, Toxicology and Analytics, Rybitví, Czech Republic
| | - V Cogliano
- National Center for Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA
| | - J Hynes
- JH Tox Consulting, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - L Pelland-St-Pierre
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - M A Verner
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche en santé publique (CReSP), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - M van Tongeren
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research & Primary Care, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - V Ho
- Centre de recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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8
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Yokel RA. Aluminum reproductive toxicity: a summary and interpretation of scientific reports. Crit Rev Toxicol 2020; 50:551-593. [PMID: 32869713 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2020.1801575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Publications addressing aluminum (Al)-induced reproductive toxicity were reviewed. Key details were compiled in summary tables. Approximate systemic Al exposure, a measure of bioavailability, was calculated for each exposure, based on the Al percentage in the dosed Al species, Al bioavailability, and absorption time course reports for the exposure route. This was limited to laboratory animal studies because no controlled-exposure human studies were found. Intended Al exposure was compared to unintended dietary Al exposure. The considerable and variable Al content of laboratory animal diets creates uncertainty about reproductive function in the absence of Al. Aluminum-induced reproductive toxicity in female mice and rats was evident after exposure to ≥25-fold the amount of Al consumed in the diet. Generally, the additional daily Al systemic exposure of studies that reported statistically significant results was greater than 100-fold above the typical human daily Al dietary consumption equivalent. Male reproductive endpoints were significantly affected after exposure to lower levels of Al than females. Increased Al intake increased fetus, placenta, and testes Al concentrations, to a greater extent in the placenta than fetus, and, in some cases, more in the testes than placenta. An adverse outcome pathway (AOP) was constructed for males based on the results of the reviewed studies. The proposed AOP includes oxidative stress as the molecular initiating event and increased malondialdehyde, DNA and spermatozoal damage, and decreased blood testosterone and sperm count as subsequent key events. Recommendations for the design of future studies of reproductive outcomes following exposure to Al are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Yokel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky Academic Medical Center, Lexington, KY, USA
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Chen R, Zhu Q, Fang Z, Huang Z, Sun J, Peng M, Shi P. Aluminum induces oxidative damage in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Can J Microbiol 2020; 66:713-722. [PMID: 32730711 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2020-0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of aluminum toxicity was studied in the model cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Cell growth of yeast was inhibited by aluminum. The spot assay showed that the mechanism of aluminum detoxification in yeast cells was different from that of heavy metal cadmium. After treatment with aluminum, intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species, protein carbonyl, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were dramatically increased. Meanwhile, the percentage of aluminum-treated cells permeable to propidium iodide was augmented significantly. These data demonstrated that aluminum toxicity was attributed to oxidative stress in yeast, and it induced oxidative damage by causing lipid peroxidation, injuring cell membrane integrity. Moreover, aluminum triggered the antioxidant defense system in the cells. Glutathione levels were found to be decreased, while activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase were increased after treatment with aluminum. Additionally, an oxidative-stress-related mutation sensitivity assay showed that aluminum-induced yeast oxidative stress was closely related to glutathione. These data demonstrated that the oxidative damage caused by aluminum was different from that of hydrogen peroxide, in yeast. Aluminum could cause DNA damage, and aluminum toxicity was associated with sulfhydryl groups, such as glutathione, while it was independent of YAP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Chen
- Key Lab of Science & Technology of Eco-textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, 2999 Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhu
- Key Lab of Science & Technology of Eco-textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, 2999 Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijia Fang
- Key Lab of Science & Technology of Eco-textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, 2999 Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Huang
- Key Lab of Science & Technology of Eco-textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, 2999 Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Sun
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Biological Resources, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiguan Avenue 59, Xining, Qinghai Province 810001, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Peng
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Biological Resources, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiguan Avenue 59, Xining, Qinghai Province 810001, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
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Gong L, Ji HH, Tang XW, Pan LY, Chen X, Jia YT. Human papillomavirus vaccine-associated premature ovarian insufficiency and related adverse events: data mining of Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10762. [PMID: 32612121 PMCID: PMC7329819 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67668-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We detected disproportionate reports of premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) and related events, including amenorrhea, menstruation irregular, FSH increased, and premature menopause, following human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine from FDA Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS). The signal was detected by the methods of Bayesian Confidence Propagation Neural Network (BCPNN) and Multi-item Gamma Poisson Shrinker (MGPS). When both methods detected a positive result, a signal was generated. Besides, time-scan map is drawn based on the IC value and 95%CI of BCPNN, if the IC curve showed a steady upward trend and the 95%CI narrowed, the signal was stable and strong association.The results showed that there were not POI reports of HPV vaccine, but VAERS received a total of 2, 389, 27 POI related events for HPV2, HPV4, HPV9 respectively from the year of marketed to 2018. No signal was detected for HPV2. HPV4-POI ralated events were all detected as signals by two methods. There was only one signal of menstruation irregular for HPV9. Time scan of HPV4-POI ralated events showed those signals were stability and strong association, but not for HPV9. Our results only represent statistical association between HPV vaccine and POI related events, causal relationship needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Huan-Huan Ji
- Department of Pharmacy, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | | | - Ling-Yun Pan
- Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing, 404000, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Yun-Tao Jia
- Department of Pharmacy, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, China.
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11
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da Silva Lima D, da Silva Gomes L, de Sousa Figueredo E, de Godoi MM, Silva EM, da Silva Neri HF, Taboga SR, Biancardi MF, Ghedini PC, Dos Santos FCA. Aluminum exposure promotes histopathological and pro-oxidant damage to the prostate and gonads of male and female adult gerbils. Exp Mol Pathol 2020; 116:104486. [PMID: 32585149 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2020.104486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Since the industrial revolution, all living beings have become susceptible to numerous sources of aluminum (Al) exposure. In addition to causing proven toxicity in many organs and systems, Al can also have estrogenic activity when absorbed by the body. The reproductive organs are commonly affected by environmental pollutants with estrogenic activity, but little is known about the effects of Al on the prostate and gonads. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of subchronic Al exposure on the prostate and gonads of male and female adult gerbils. After 30 days of oral exposure to aluminum chloride (10 mg/kg/day), the animals were euthanized and the organs processed for cytochemical, ultrastructural, and biochemical assays. Ventral male prostates exposed to Al became hyperplastic and showed signs of cell aging. In addition, the male prostate showed decreased catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. The female prostate was structurally more affected than the ventral male prostate, since it presented hyperplasia and punctual foci of inflammation and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. However, CAT and SOD activities did not change in this gland. In the testis, Al promoted immature germ cell detachment and degeneration, as well as reduced CAT activity. In the ovaries, Al caused reduction in folliculogenesis and decreased SOD activity. Together, these results indicate that Al is toxic to the prostate and gonads of adult gerbils and that continuous exposure to this metal can impair the fertility of individuals of both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo da Silva Lima
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy Applied to Reproduction, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás 74001970, Brazil
| | - Liana da Silva Gomes
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy Applied to Reproduction, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás 74001970, Brazil
| | - Esther de Sousa Figueredo
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy Applied to Reproduction, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás 74001970, Brazil
| | - Murion Monteiro de Godoi
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy Applied to Reproduction, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás 74001970, Brazil
| | - Edvaldo Mendes Silva
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy Applied to Reproduction, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás 74001970, Brazil
| | - Hiasmin Franciely da Silva Neri
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Molecular and Biochemistry Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás 74001970, Brazil
| | - Sebastião Roberto Taboga
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, State University of São Paulo - UNESP, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo 15054000, Brazil
| | - Manoel Francisco Biancardi
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy Applied to Reproduction, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás 74001970, Brazil
| | - Paulo César Ghedini
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Molecular and Biochemistry Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás 74001970, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Cristina Alcantara Dos Santos
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy Applied to Reproduction, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás 74001970, Brazil.
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Gomes LDS, Lima DDS, Costa JR, Silva CRBD, Marques MR, Brito PVDA, Biancardi MF, Taboga SR, Ghedini PC, Santos FCAD. Neonatal exposure to aluminum chloride disrupts branching morphogenesis and hormonal signaling of the ventral male prostate and female prostate of gerbils. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2020; 61:126559. [PMID: 32485499 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNG Exposure to environmental pollutants in critical developmental windows may predispose the prostate to permanent changes in its homeostasis. Thus, it is essential to know the effects that environmental toxics, such as aluminum, can cause during the development of this gland. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of neonatal aluminum exposure on the ventral male prostate and the female prostate of 15 days old gerbils. METHODS Male and female gerbils were exposed orally to 10 mg/kg/day of aluminum chloride from the 1st to the 14th postnatal day life. At 15 days of life, gerbils were euthanized and their prostates were collected for biometric, morphological, morphometric, immunohistochemical and three-dimensional reconstruction analyzes. RESULTS Al exposure caused a reduction in body weight in males and a significant increase in serum testosterone levels in females. Prostate branching morphogenesis was intensified in males, who had greater length, number and area of prostatic epithelial buds. Additionally, Al altered the prostate hormonal regulation of males and females, causing up regulation of the androgen receptor and estrogen receptor alpha in the female prostate, and increased immunostaining of the androgen receptor in the ventral male prostate. These changes were associated with an increased rate of epithelial and stromal cell proliferation in both sexes. CONCLUSION Together, these results indicate that Al altered the neonatal development of the prostate and that this metal acted as an endocrine disruptor in this gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liana da Silva Gomes
- Laboratory of Microscopy Applied to Reproduction, Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania, Goias 74001970, Brazil
| | - Danilo da Silva Lima
- Laboratory of Microscopy Applied to Reproduction, Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania, Goias 74001970, Brazil
| | - Janaína Ribeiro Costa
- Laboratory of Microscopy Applied to Reproduction, Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania, Goias 74001970, Brazil
| | - Cinthia Rio Branco da Silva
- Laboratory of Microscopy Applied to Reproduction, Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania, Goias 74001970, Brazil
| | - Mara Rúbia Marques
- Laboratory of Microscopy Applied to Reproduction, Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania, Goias 74001970, Brazil
| | - Pedro Vale de Azevedo Brito
- Laboratory of Microscopy Applied to Reproduction, Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania, Goias 74001970, Brazil
| | - Manoel Francisco Biancardi
- Laboratory of Microscopy Applied to Reproduction, Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania, Goias 74001970, Brazil
| | - Sebastião Roberto Taboga
- Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Biology, University Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, São José do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo 15054000, Brazil
| | - Paulo César Ghedini
- Laboratory of Molecular and Biochemistry Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania Goias 74001970, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Cristina Alcantara Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Microscopy Applied to Reproduction, Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania, Goias 74001970, Brazil.
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Gao W, Guo Y, Wang L, Jiang Y, Liu Z, Lin H. Ameliorative and protective effects of fucoidan and sodium alginate against lead-induced oxidative stress in Sprague Dawley rats. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 158:662-669. [PMID: 32353495 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.04.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The current study was performed to evaluate the possible protective effects of fucoidan (F) and sodium alginate (SA) against lead-induced oxidative damage in vivo, and to identify relevant underlying mechanisms. Health Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were divided into nine groups of ten rats each and treated orally with lead acetate (5 mg/kg, Pb2+) for 4 weeks, then gavaged with DMSA (Meso-2, 3-dimercaptosuccinic acid, 25 mg/kg), F (50, 100, 200 mg/kg) and SA (50, 100, 200 mg/kg) individually after successful modelling. We found that the administration of both F or SA resulted in a beneficial effect by significantly decreasing lead levels (p < 0.05) in the kidneys from 2.85 mg/kg to 0.79 mg/kg and improving antioxidant status (SOD, GSH, and CAT) thereby alleviating lead-induced damage and injury of the liver and kidneys (AST, BUN, and Cr). Both natural extracts exerted dose-dependent effects. Protective effects were further demonstrated by histopathology. Our results demonstrate that the F and SA are effective natural extracts for lead-eliminating, and that they can ameliorate oxidative damage induced by lead toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Gao
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yingying Guo
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Lianzhu Wang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Yanhua Jiang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhantao Liu
- Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Hong Lin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
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Genotoxic Effects of Aluminum Chloride and Their Relationship with N-Nitroso-N-Methylurea (NMU)-Induced Breast Cancer in Sprague Dawley Rats. TOXICS 2020; 8:toxics8020031. [PMID: 32325967 PMCID: PMC7355831 DOI: 10.3390/toxics8020031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recently, soluble forms of aluminum for human use or consumption have been determined to be potentially toxic due to their association with hepatic, neurological, hematological, neoplastic, and bone conditions. This study aims to assess the genotoxic effect of aluminum chloride on genomic instability associated with the onset of N-nitroso-N-methylurea (NMU)-induced breast cancer in Sprague Dawley rats. The dietary behavior of the rats was assessed, and the concentration of aluminum in the mammary glands was determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Genomic instability was determined in the histological sections of mammary glands stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Moreover, micronucleus in peripheral blood and comet assays were performed. The results of dietary behavior evaluation indicated no significant differences between the experimental treatments. However, aluminum concentration in breast tissues was high in the +2000Al/−NMU treatment. This experimental treatment caused moderate intraductal cell proliferation, lymph node hyperplasia, and serous gland adenoma. Furthermore, micronucleus and comet test results revealed that +2000Al/−NMU led to a genotoxic effect after a 10-day exposure and the damage was more evident after a 15-day exposure. Therefore, in conclusion, genomic instability is present and the experimental conditions assessed are not associated with breast cancer.
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Igbokwe IO, Igwenagu E, Igbokwe NA. Aluminium toxicosis: a review of toxic actions and effects. Interdiscip Toxicol 2019; 12:45-70. [PMID: 32206026 PMCID: PMC7071840 DOI: 10.2478/intox-2019-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aluminium (Al) is frequently accessible to animal and human populations to the extent that intoxications may occur. Intake of Al is by inhalation of aerosols or particles, ingestion of food, water and medicaments, skin contact, vaccination, dialysis and infusions. Toxic actions of Al induce oxidative stress, immunologic alterations, genotoxicity, pro-inflammatory effect, peptide denaturation or transformation, enzymatic dysfunction, metabolic derangement, amyloidogenesis, membrane perturbation, iron dyshomeostasis, apoptosis, necrosis and dysplasia. The pathological conditions associated with Al toxicosis are desquamative interstitial pneumonia, pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, granulomas, granulomatosis and fibrosis, toxic myocarditis, thrombosis and ischemic stroke, granulomatous enteritis, Crohn's disease, inflammatory bowel diseases, anemia, Alzheimer's disease, dementia, sclerosis, autism, macrophagic myofasciitis, osteomalacia, oligospermia and infertility, hepatorenal disease, breast cancer and cyst, pancreatitis, pancreatic necrosis and diabetes mellitus. The review provides a broad overview of Al toxicosis as a background for sustained investigations of the toxicology of Al compounds of public health importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikechukwu Onyebuchi Igbokwe
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - Ephraim Igwenagu
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - Nanacha Afifi Igbokwe
- Department Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
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Abstract
Food Safety Commission of Japan (FSCJ) conducted a risk assessment of aluminium ammonium sulfate and aluminium potassium sulfate. This evaluation was requested from Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW) to revise the standards for use of additives. Aluminium ammonium sulfate and aluminium potassium sulfate as additives are assumed reasonably to behave as ions after dissociation, such as aluminium, ammonium, potassium, and sulfate ions, in digestive tract prior to their absorption. FSCJ thus evaluated the safety of aluminium ammonium sulfate and aluminium potassium sulfate used as additives, in considering the substances that are composed of ammonium ion, sulfate ion, potassium ion and aluminium ion. FSCJ concluded that there were no safety concerns of sulfate, ammonium and potassium ions as the use of aluminium ammonium sulfate and aluminium potassium sulfate for food additives. FSCJ specified the lowest no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of 30 mg/kg bw/day for aluminium ion based on the reproductive developmental toxicity studies in rats. FSCJ also recognized no carcinogenicity of aluminium additives. FSCJ judged no clear relationship of dietary intake of aluminium with the influences on the bone, mainly due to the insufficient amounts of evidence. FSCJ judged no sufficient evidence to indicate a causal relationship between dietary intake of aluminium and neurological diseases including Alzheimer's disease. FSCJ confirmed that no human data exist to indicate the clear association of the dietary intake with human health effects of aluminium. FSCJ specified this metal (Al) to be 1.0 mg/kg bw/week for the children (1 to 6 years) and 0.57 mg/kg bw/week for the general population. A safety factor of 100 was applied to the NOAEL of 30 mg/kg bw/day obtained in a developmental toxicity study in rats. Converting the value thus obtained to the aluminium intake per a week, FSCJ established a tolerable weekly intake (TWI) of 2.1 mg/kg bw/week (as Al) for aluminium.
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17
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Aluminum disrupts the prenatal development of the male and female gerbil prostate (Meriones unguiculatus). Exp Mol Pathol 2019; 107:32-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Mohammad Hosseini S, Hossein Moshrefi A, Amani R, Vahid Razavimehr S, Hasan Aghajanikhah M, Sokouti Z, Babaei Holari B. Subchronic effects of different doses of Zinc oxide nanoparticle on reproductive organs of female rats: An experimental study. Int J Reprod Biomed 2019; 17. [PMID: 31435586 PMCID: PMC6693312 DOI: 10.18502/ijrm.v17i2.3988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Zinc performs many biochemical and physiological functions; however, toxicological studies demonstrate that Nano-zinc oxide has harmful effects on human health and environmental species in high concentrations. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the toxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles on reproductive tissues of female rat. Materials and Methods Eighty female Wistar adult rats weighing 180–200 gr, divided into eight groups (n= 10 in each group) including control, sham (treated with saline), and six groups injected with different doses of zinc oxide nanoparticle with 10–30 nanometer size (4, 8, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) twice a week for four weeks. At the end of the study, the rats were bled and slaughtered; the Ovary and Uterus were taken for histopathology studies and blood samples were transferred to the laboratory for biochemical analysis. Results Microscopic diagnoses in ovary tissue were included; increase in the corpus luteum, follicular cysts, inflammatory cells infiltration and fibrosis. Histopathological changes in ovary in a dose-dependent manner. In uterus tissue the lesions consisted; epithelial destruction, hyperplasia of endometrial glands. The Estrogen and Progesterone level in the serum of rats increased in low doses and reduced in a dose-dependent manner at high doses. Conclusion The results of the current study proved the toxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles on the ovary and uterus organs at high concentrations, so further investigation is needed to reduce these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amir Hossein Moshrefi
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Babol Branch, Islamic Azad University, Babol, Iran
| | - Reza Amani
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Babol Branch, Islamic Azad University, Babol, Iran
| | | | | | - Zahra Sokouti
- Department of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Behnam Babaei Holari
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Babol Branch, Islamic Azad University, Babol, Iran
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Pi X, Jin L, Li Z, Liu J, Zhang Y, Wang L, Ren A. Association between concentrations of barium and aluminum in placental tissues and risk for orofacial clefts. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 652:406-412. [PMID: 30366340 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Natural exposure to and increasing use of barium and aluminum in various products, such as plastics, rubber, and food additives, raise concerns for their potential health impacts on pregnant women and vulnerable fetuses. We investigated whether there are associations between barium and aluminum concentrations in placental tissues and the risk for orofacial clefts (OFCs) in offspring. In this case-control study, we recruited 103 women with OFC-affected pregnancies and 206 women who delivered healthy newborns. Concentrations of barium and aluminum in placental tissues were measured using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Information on maternal sociodemographic characteristics and diet was collected via face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire. Aluminum concentrations in placental tissues were not associated with OFC risk. However, a higher concentration of barium in placental tissues was associated with an increased risk for OFCs, with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 2.42 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.34-4.40) for total cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL ± P), and 1.90 (95% CI 1.03-3.50) for isolated CL ± P. There was a positive dose-response relationship between placental barium concentrations and OFC risk. Maternal exposure to barium may increase the risk for OFCs in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Pi
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Lei Jin
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Zhiwen Li
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Jufen Liu
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Yali Zhang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Aiguo Ren
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China.
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Rzymski P, Niedzielski P, Poniedziałek B, Tomczyk K, Rzymski P. Identification of toxic metals in human embryonic tissues. Arch Med Sci 2018; 14:415-421. [PMID: 29593817 PMCID: PMC5868650 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2015.53915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The cause of a significant number of miscarriages remains unexplained. There is a need to identify the potential role of environmental, dietary and lifestyle factors in the risk of pregnancy loss. The present study was the first to investigate the content of miscarried embryonic material with respect to eight metals (aluminium, cadmium, chromium, copper, manganese, nickel, lead and zinc). MATERIAL AND METHODS Embryonic tissue samples (n = 20) were obtained from women undergoing misoprostol-induced removal of the embryo between the 6th and 9th week of gestation. The content of metals was analyzed using microwave-induced nitrogen plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Based on a short questionnaire, the smoking habits, dietary patterns and place of living of the investigated women were determined. RESULTS The general mean content of metals (μg/g) decreased in the order copper (33.9) > manganese (24.7) > chromium (13.6) > zinc (13.3) > aluminium (6.5) > nickel (3.0) > lead (2.9) > cadmium (2.5). Profoundly increased concentrations (p < 0.05) of the toxic elements aluminium (over 5-fold), cadmium (over 2-fold) and lead (over 2-fold) were observed in samples obtained from former smoking women. The miscarried material in urban populations also revealed higher levels of cadmium (over 1.5-fold) and lead (over 2-fold) compared to that obtained from women living in rural areas (p < 0.05). No associations with age or diet were found (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study identified increased levels of aluminum, cadmium and lead in miscarried embryonic material and suggests some causative factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Rzymski
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Przemysław Niedzielski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Barbara Poniedziałek
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Tomczyk
- Department of Mother’s and Child’s Health, Gynecologic and Obstetrical University Hospital, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Paweł Rzymski
- Department of Mother’s and Child’s Health, Gynecologic and Obstetrical University Hospital, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Johansson HKL, Hansen JS, Elfving B, Lund SP, Kyjovska ZO, Loft S, Barfod KK, Jackson P, Vogel U, Hougaard KS. Airway exposure to multi-walled carbon nanotubes disrupts the female reproductive cycle without affecting pregnancy outcomes in mice. Part Fibre Toxicol 2017; 14:17. [PMID: 28558787 PMCID: PMC5450058 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-017-0197-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) is increasing due to a growing use in a variety of products across several industries. Thus, occupational exposure is also of increasing concern, particularly since airway exposure to MWCNTs can induce sustained pulmonary acute phase response and inflammation in experimental animals, which may affect female reproduction. This proof-of-principle study therefore aimed to investigate if lung exposure by intratracheal instillation of the MWCNT NM-400 would affect the estrous cycle and reproductive function in female mice. RESULTS Estrous cycle regularity was investigated by comparing vaginal smears before and after exposure to 67 μg of NM-400, whereas reproductive function was analyzed by measuring time to delivery of litters after instillation of 2, 18 or 67 μg of NM-400. Compared to normal estrous cycling determined prior to exposure, exposure to MWCNT significantly prolonged the estrous cycle during which exposure took place, but significantly shortened the estrous cycle immediately after the exposed cycle. No consistent effects were seen on time to delivery of litter or other gestational or litter parameters, such as litter size, sex ratio, implantations and implantation loss. CONCLUSION Lung exposure to MWCNT interfered with estrous cycling. Effects caused by MWCNTs depended on the time of exposure: the estrous stage was particularly sensitive to exposure, as animals exposed during this stage showed a higher incidence of irregular cycling after exposure. Our data indicates that MWCNT exposure may interfere with events leading to ovulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. K. L. Johansson
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen Ø, DK-2100 Denmark
- Present Address: Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, DK-2860 Denmark
| | - J. S. Hansen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen Ø, DK-2100 Denmark
| | - B. Elfving
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Risskov, DK-8240 Denmark
| | - S. P. Lund
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen Ø, DK-2100 Denmark
| | - Z. O. Kyjovska
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen Ø, DK-2100 Denmark
| | - S. Loft
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K, DK-1014 Denmark
| | - K. K. Barfod
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen Ø, DK-2100 Denmark
| | - P. Jackson
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen Ø, DK-2100 Denmark
| | - U. Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen Ø, DK-2100 Denmark
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, DTU-Nanotech, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, DK-2800 Denmark
| | - K. S. Hougaard
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen Ø, DK-2100 Denmark
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K, DK-1014 Denmark
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Liu Z, Lin Y, Tian X, Li J, Chen X, Yang J, Li X, Deng Y, Li N, Liang J, Li S, Zhu J. Association between maternal aluminum exposure and the risk of congenital heart defects in offspring. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 106:95-103. [PMID: 26707789 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aluminum (Al) is the third most common element in the earth' s crust and has been reported to be teratogenic. However, there is lack of understanding about the association between maternal aluminum exposure and the risks of birth defects such as congenital heart defects (CHDs). METHODS A multi-center, hospital-based case-control study was performed at four maternal and child tertiary hospitals in China. A total of 223 cases with CHDs and 223 controls without any abnormalities were recruited according to the inclusion and matching criteria. Hair samples were prepared and measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The correlation between CHDs and maternal aluminum concentrations was estimated by a 1:1 conditional logistic regression. RESULTS The geometric mean and median of hair aluminum levels in isolated or multiple CHD cases was significantly higher than in controls (p < 0.05). A significant association was found between increased hair aluminum concentrations and the risk of total CHDs in offspring (adjusted odds ration [aOR], 2.32; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.72-3.13), especially in some subtypes of CHDs, such as septal defects (aOR, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.15-4.10), conotruncal defects (aOR, 5.42; 95%CI, 2.43-12.10), and right ventricular outflow track obstruction (aOR, 2.43; 95% CI, 1.08-5.44). However, there was no statistically significant association with left ventricular outflow track obstruction (aOR, 1.66; 95% CI, 0.95-2.88). CONCLUSION A high maternal aluminum concentration may significantly increase the risk of delivering a child with a CHD, such as a septal defect, conotruncal heart defect and right-side obstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Liu
- National Center for Birth Defect Monitoring, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuan Lin
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Fujian Provincial Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaoxian Tian
- Department of Ultrasound, Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinlin Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Hubei Provincial Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiaxiang Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, Sichuan Provincial Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- National Center for Birth Defect Monitoring, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Deng
- National Center for Birth Defect Monitoring, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Fujian Provincial Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Nana Li
- National Center for Birth Defect Monitoring, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Fujian Provincial Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Juan Liang
- National Center for Birth Defect Monitoring, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shengli Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- National Center for Birth Defect Monitoring, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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A link between human papilloma virus vaccination and primary ovarian insufficiency. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2015; 27:265-70. [DOI: 10.1097/gco.0000000000000183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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24
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Willhite CC, Karyakina NA, Yokel RA, Yenugadhati N, Wisniewski TM, Arnold IMF, Momoli F, Krewski D. Systematic review of potential health risks posed by pharmaceutical, occupational and consumer exposures to metallic and nanoscale aluminum, aluminum oxides, aluminum hydroxide and its soluble salts. Crit Rev Toxicol 2014; 44 Suppl 4:1-80. [PMID: 25233067 PMCID: PMC4997813 DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2014.934439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Aluminum (Al) is a ubiquitous substance encountered both naturally (as the third most abundant element) and intentionally (used in water, foods, pharmaceuticals, and vaccines); it is also present in ambient and occupational airborne particulates. Existing data underscore the importance of Al physical and chemical forms in relation to its uptake, accumulation, and systemic bioavailability. The present review represents a systematic examination of the peer-reviewed literature on the adverse health effects of Al materials published since a previous critical evaluation compiled by Krewski et al. (2007) . Challenges encountered in carrying out the present review reflected the experimental use of different physical and chemical Al forms, different routes of administration, and different target organs in relation to the magnitude, frequency, and duration of exposure. Wide variations in diet can result in Al intakes that are often higher than the World Health Organization provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI), which is based on studies with Al citrate. Comparing daily dietary Al exposures on the basis of "total Al"assumes that gastrointestinal bioavailability for all dietary Al forms is equivalent to that for Al citrate, an approach that requires validation. Current occupational exposure limits (OELs) for identical Al substances vary as much as 15-fold. The toxicity of different Al forms depends in large measure on their physical behavior and relative solubility in water. The toxicity of soluble Al forms depends upon the delivered dose of Al(+3) to target tissues. Trivalent Al reacts with water to produce bidentate superoxide coordination spheres [Al(O2)(H2O4)(+2) and Al(H2O)6 (+3)] that after complexation with O2(•-), generate Al superoxides [Al(O2(•))](H2O5)](+2). Semireduced AlO2(•) radicals deplete mitochondrial Fe and promote generation of H2O2, O2 (•-) and OH(•). Thus, it is the Al(+3)-induced formation of oxygen radicals that accounts for the oxidative damage that leads to intrinsic apoptosis. In contrast, the toxicity of the insoluble Al oxides depends primarily on their behavior as particulates. Aluminum has been held responsible for human morbidity and mortality, but there is no consistent and convincing evidence to associate the Al found in food and drinking water at the doses and chemical forms presently consumed by people living in North America and Western Europe with increased risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Neither is there clear evidence to show use of Al-containing underarm antiperspirants or cosmetics increases the risk of AD or breast cancer. Metallic Al, its oxides, and common Al salts have not been shown to be either genotoxic or carcinogenic. Aluminum exposures during neonatal and pediatric parenteral nutrition (PN) can impair bone mineralization and delay neurological development. Adverse effects to vaccines with Al adjuvants have occurred; however, recent controlled trials found that the immunologic response to certain vaccines with Al adjuvants was no greater, and in some cases less than, that after identical vaccination without Al adjuvants. The scientific literature on the adverse health effects of Al is extensive. Health risk assessments for Al must take into account individual co-factors (e.g., age, renal function, diet, gastric pH). Conclusions from the current review point to the need for refinement of the PTWI, reduction of Al contamination in PN solutions, justification for routine addition of Al to vaccines, and harmonization of OELs for Al substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin C. Willhite
- Risk Sciences International, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Robert A. Yokel
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | | | - Thomas M. Wisniewski
- Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry and Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Ian M. F. Arnold
- Occupational Health Program, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Franco Momoli
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel Krewski
- Risk Sciences International, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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25
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Luo X, Jia S, Ma Q, Zhong M, Gao P, Yu Z, Zhang Y. Suppressive effects of subchronic aluminum overload on the splenic immune function may be related to oxidative stress in mice. Biol Trace Elem Res 2014; 157:249-55. [PMID: 24425351 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-9888-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) is widely used in daily life and was recently recognized as a possible source of human intoxication because of its ability to accumulate in organs. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of subchronic Al overload on splenic immune function in mice. Furthermore, we have preliminarily explored its mechanism. The Al overload model was established via intragastric administration of Al once a day for 60 days. The body weight, spleen weight, and splenic coefficient were determined. The concentration of Al in the spleen was detected by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The cytokine mRNA expression of spleen tissues was detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Biochemical methods were used to detect superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in spleen tissue. Body weight, spleen weight, and cytokine mRNA expression of spleen tissues were significantly reduced by Al overload. SOD and GSH-Px activities were also decreased, while the MDA content was increased in subchronic Al overload mice. The results indicate that subchronic exposure to aluminum trichloride (AlCl3) would result in Al accumulation, which suppressed spleen immune function through a mechanism related to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Luo
- Department of Occupational Health, Third Military Medical University, No. 30 Gaotanyan Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
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26
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Fu Y, Jia FB, Wang J, Song M, Liu SM, Li YF, Liu SZ, Bu QW. Effects of sub-chronic aluminum chloride exposure on rat ovaries. Life Sci 2014; 100:61-6. [PMID: 24530740 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.01.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This experiment investigated the effects of sub-chronic aluminum chloride (AlCl3) exposure on rat ovaries. MAIN METHODS Eighty female Wistar (5weeks old) rats, weighed 110-120g, were randomly divided into four treatment groups: control group (CG), low-dose group (LG, 64mg/kg BW AlCl3), mid-dose group (MG, 128mg/kg BW AlCl3) and high-dose group (HG, 256mg/kg BW AlCl3). The AlCl3 was administered in drinking water for 120days. The ovarian ultrastructure was observed. The activities of acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase, Mg(2+)-ATPase and Ca(2+)-ATPase, the contents of Fe, Cu and Zn, and the protein expression of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) and luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) in the ovary were determined. KEY FINDINGS The results showed that the structure of the ovary was disrupted, the activities of ALP, ACP, SDH, Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase, Mg(2+)-ATPase and Ca(2+)-ATPase, the contents of Zn, Fe and the protein expression of FSHR and LHR were lowered, and the content of Cu was increased in AlCl3-treated rats than those in control. SIGNIFICANCE The results indicate that sub-chronic AlCl3 exposure caused the damage of the ovarian structure, the disturbed metabolism of Fe, Zn and Cu and the decreased activities of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase, Mg(2+)-ATPase and Ca(2+)-ATPase in the ovary, which could result in suppressed energy supply in the ovary. A combination of suppression of energy supply and reduction of expression of FSHR and LHR could inhibit ovulation and corpus luteum development, leading to infertility in female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Fu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - F B Jia
- Veterinary and Animal Husbandry Department, Liaoning Agricultural College, Liaoning 115009, China
| | - J Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - M Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - S M Liu
- School of Animal Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Y F Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - S Z Liu
- Weike Biotechnology Development Company, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Q W Bu
- Veterinary Health And Epidemic Prevention Station, The Forest Industry Region of Heilongjiang, Harbin 150008, China
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27
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Zhou Y, Qiu Y, He J, Chen X, Ding Y, Wang Y, Liu X. The toxicity mechanism of sodium fluoride on fertility in female rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 62:566-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 09/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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28
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Hougaard KS, Jackson P, Kyjovska ZO, Birkedal RK, De Temmerman PJ, Brunelli A, Verleysen E, Madsen AM, Saber AT, Pojana G, Mast J, Marcomini A, Jensen KA, Wallin H, Szarek J, Mortensen A, Vogel U. Effects of lung exposure to carbon nanotubes on female fertility and pregnancy. A study in mice. Reprod Toxicol 2013; 41:86-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2013.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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29
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Zhou Y, Zhang H, He J, Chen X, Ding Y, Wang Y, Liu X. Effects of sodium fluoride on reproductive function in female rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 56:297-303. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Revised: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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