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Almeldin YAR, Eldlebshany AE, Elkhalek EA, Lohakare J, Abdel-Wareth AAA. Assessment of dietary supplementation of green iron oxide nanoparticles: impact on growth performance, ammonia emissions, carcass criteria, tissue iron content, and meat quality in broiler chickens under hot climate conditions. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1393335. [PMID: 39015107 PMCID: PMC11250237 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1393335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The potential significance and importance of green iron nanoparticles (Nano-Fe) in poultry production lie in their capability to effectively tackle iron deficiency in poultry. Iron, an indispensable mineral for numerous physiological functions in birds, such as oxygen transport, energy metabolism, and immune response, underscores the critical need for adequate iron levels. Nevertheless, conventional iron supplementation methods frequently face hurdles like limited bioavailability rates in poultry. To enhance performance, and promote sustainable broiler productivity, Nano-Fe showed promise as an efficient feed supplement for broiler chickens. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of green Nano-Fe inclusions in diets on growth, ammonia excretion, carcass criteria, and meat quality in broiler chickens. Methods A total of 192 one-day-old male Ross 308 broiler chicks, were assigned to three treatment diets including Nano-Fe oxide at 0, 20, or 40 mg/kg, respectively, for 42 days. Each treatment comprised eight replicates, each with eight broiler chicks. Two phases comprised the 42-day study (0 to 21 days for the starter and 21 to 42 days for the finisher). Results In comparison to the control group, the Nano-Fe oxide groups 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg linearly improved (p < 0.05) body weight (R 2 = 0.574) and body weight gain (R 2 = 0.367) under hot climatic conditions at 42 days of age. Furthermore, Nano-Fe oxide to broiler diets, improved (linear, p < 0.05) feed conversion ratio (R 2 = 0.424) throughout whole periods. The feed intake did not show any significant difference (p > 0.05) among groups during the experimental periods under hot climatic conditions. The ammonia content of excreta (R 2 = 0.454) was linearly decreased (p < 0.05) with increasing Nano-Fe oxide levels in broiler diets compared to control at 21 and 42 days of age under hot climatic conditions. Nano-Fe oxide positively influences cook loss, water-holding capacity, and iron content in various tissues. Moreover, it contributes to a healthier carcass yield and reduced abdominal fat. Conclusion In conclusion, broiler chickens fed diets containing Nano-Fe oxide at 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg demonstrated enhanced growth performance, improved meat quality, increased iron content in tissues, higher dressing percentage, and reduced abdominal fat deposition. Future research should explore the impact of green Nano-Fe oxide on additional factors such as the microbiome and gene expression related to immunity and heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousri A. R. Almeldin
- Poultry Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amira E. Eldlebshany
- Poultry Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Enass Abd Elkhalek
- Poultry Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Jayant Lohakare
- Poultry Center, Cooperative Agricultural Research Center, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX, United States
| | - Ahmed A. A. Abdel-Wareth
- Poultry Center, Cooperative Agricultural Research Center, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX, United States
- Department of Animal and Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
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Han X, Kong J, Zheng C, Yan X, Qiu T, Chen Z, Zhang H. The effects of a mixture of small peptide chelating minerals and inorganic minerals on the production performance and tissue deposition of broiler chickens. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1380911. [PMID: 38706756 PMCID: PMC11066274 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1380911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to the limited bioavailability of inorganic trace minerals, their utilization in poultry production has led to problems such as environmental contamination and inefficient resource utilization. It was investigated whether replacing inorganic trace minerals (ITM) with a blend of organic small peptide-chelated trace minerals (MIX) would improve production performance, selected biochemical parameters, antioxidant capacity, mineral deposition in liver, heart, and tibia, as well as mineral content in feces of broilers. A total of 432 healthy 21-day-old 817 broilers were randomly divided into 4 groups with 6 replicates per group and 18 chickens per replicate. The control group received a basal diet supplemented with 1,000 mg/kg of inorganic trace minerals as sulfate. The experimental groups received basal diets supplemented with 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg of mixed trace mineral elements (50% sulfate +50% small peptide-chelate) for a trial period of 30 days, divided into two stages: 21-35 days and 36-50 days. The results indicate that on the 50th day, compared with the 1,000 mg/kg ITM group, the levels of serum cholesterol, urea nitrogen, and malondialdehyde in the 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg MIX groups decreased (p < 0.01), while the levels of serum glutathione peroxidase in the 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg MIX groups increased (p < 0.05). Compared to the ITM group, the addition of organic small peptide chelated trace minerals mixed with inorganic trace minerals can reduce the levels of zinc and manganese in feces (p < 0.01). Furthermore, the iron content in the heart and tibia of the 600 mg/kg MIX group also significantly decreased (p < 0.05). There were no differences in growth performance and slaughter performance among the groups (p > 0.05). This study shows that replacing inorganic minerals with low-dose MIX (200, 400, and 600 mg/kg) can reduce the levels of zinc and manganese in feces, with no negative impact on growth and slaughter performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Han
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
- Wen’s Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd., Yunfu, China
| | - Jing Kong
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Chaojun Zheng
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Xia Yan
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Qiu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Zhiyong Chen
- Foshan Guangmuxing Feed Co., Ltd., Foshan, China
| | - Huihua Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
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Almeldin YAR, Eldlebshany AE, Elkhalek EA, Abdel-Wareth AAA, Lohakare J. The effect of combining green iron nanoparticles and algae on the sustainability of broiler production under heat stress conditions. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1359213. [PMID: 38450028 PMCID: PMC10915037 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1359213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Natural feed additives in broiler feed contribute to the overall health, productivity, and economic viability of broiler chickens while meeting consumer demands and preferences for natural products. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of green iron nanoparticles (Nano-Fe) and Halimeda opuntia supplementation in broiler diets on performance, ammonia excretion in excreta, Fe retention in tissues and serum, carcass criteria, and meat quality under hot environmental conditions. Methods A total of 256 one-day-old male Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly assigned to one of four feeding treatments for 42 days. Each treatment had eight replications, with eight chicks per replicate. The treatments were Negative control (CON), positive control (POS) supplemented with 1 g/kg Halimeda opuntia as a carrier, POS + 20 mg/kg Nano-Fe (NFH1), POS + 40 mg/kg Nano-Fe (NFH2). Results When compared to CON and POS, dietary Nano-Fe up to 40 mg/kg enhanced (p < 0.001) growth performance in terms of body weight (BW), body weight gain (BWG), and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Nano-Fe had the highest BWG and the most efficient FCR (linear, p < 0.01, and quadratic, p < 0.01) compared to POS. Without affecting internal organs, the addition of Nano-Fe and POS enhanced dressing and reduced (p < 0.001) abdominal fat compared to control (CON). Notably, the water-holding capacity of breast and leg meat was higher (p < 0.001), and cooking loss was lower in broilers given Nano-Fe and POS diets against CON. In comparison to POS, the ammonia content in excreta dropped linearly as green Nano-Fe levels increased. When compared to CON, increasing levels of Nano-Fe levels boosted Fe content in the breast, leg, liver, and serum. The birds fed on POS showed better performance than the birds fed on CON. Conclusion Green Nano-Fe up to 40 mg/kg fed to broiler diets using 1 g/kg Halimeda opuntia as a carrier or in single can be utilized as an efficient feed supplement for increasing broiler performance, Fe retentions, carcass characteristics, meat quality, and reducing ammonia excretions, under hot conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousri A. R. Almeldin
- Poultry Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amira E. Eldlebshany
- Poultry Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Enass Abd Elkhalek
- Poultry Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. A. Abdel-Wareth
- Poultry Center, Cooperative Agricultural Research Center, Prairie View A and M University, Prairie View, TX, United States
- Department of Animal and Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Jayant Lohakare
- Poultry Center, Cooperative Agricultural Research Center, Prairie View A and M University, Prairie View, TX, United States
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Sun LM, Yu B, Luo YH, Zheng P, Huang Z, Yu J, Mao X, Yan H, Luo J, He J. Effect of small peptide chelated iron on growth performance, immunity and intestinal health in weaned pigs. Porcine Health Manag 2023; 9:32. [PMID: 37420289 DOI: 10.1186/s40813-023-00327-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small peptide chelated iron (SPCI), a novel iron supplementation in pig diets, owns growth-enhancing characteristics. Although a number of researches have been performed, there is no clear-cut evidence to show the exact relationship between the dose and effects of small peptide chelated minerals. Therefore, we investigated the effect of dietary supplementation of SPCI at different doses in the growth performance, immunity, and intestinal health in weaned pigs. METHODS Thirty weaned pigs were randomly assigned into five groups and feed with basal diet or the basal diet containing 50, 75, 100, or 125 mg/kg Fe as SPCI diets. The experiment lasted for 21 d and on day 22, blood samples were collected 1 h later. The tissue and intestinal mucosa samples were collected following. RESULTS Our results showed that the feed to gain ratio (F:G) decreased with different levels of SPCI addition (P < 0.05). The average daily gain (ADG) (P < 0.05) and digestibility of crude protein (P < 0.01) decreased with 125 mg/kg SPCI addition. With dietary different levels of SPCI addition, the serum concentrations of ferritin (quadratic, P < 0.001), transferrin (quadratic, P < 0.001), iron content in liver (quadratic, P < 0.05), gallbladder (quadratic, P < 0.01) and fecal (quadratic, P < 0.01) increased quadraticly. While the iron content in tibia (P < 0.01) increased by 100 mg/kg SPCI supplementation. Dietary 75 mg/kg SPCI addition increased the serum insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) (P < 0.01) and SPCI (75 ~ 100 mg/kg) addition also increased the serum content of IgA (P < 0.01). The serum concentrations of IgG (quadratic, P < 0.05) and IgM (quadratic, P < 0.01) increased quadraticly by different levels of SPCI supplementation. Moreover, different levels of SPCI supplementation decreased the serum concentration of D-lactic acid (P < 0.01). The serum glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) (P < 0.01) elevated but the malondialdehyde (MDA) (P < 0.05) decreased by 100 mg/kg SPCI addition. Interestingly, SPCI supplementation at 75 ~ 100 mg/kg improved the intestinal morphology and barrier function, as suggested by enhanced villus height (P < 0.01) and villus height/crypt depth (V/C) (P < 0.01) in duodenum, as well as jejunum epithelium tight-junction protein ZO-1 (P < 0.01). Moreover, SPCI supplementation at 75 ~ 100 mg/kg increased the activity of duodenal lactase (P < 0.01), jejunal sucrase (P < 0.01) and ileal maltase (P < 0.01). Importantly, the expression levels of divalent metal transporter-1(DMT1) decreased with different levels of SPCI addition (P < 0.01). In addition, dietary SPCI supplementation at 75 mg/kg elevated the expression levels of critical functional genes such as peptide transporter-1(PePT1) (P = 0.06) and zinc transporter 1 (ZnT1) (P < 0.01) in ileum. The expression levels of sodium/glucose co-transporter-1 (SGLT1) in ileum (quadratic, P < 0.05) increased quadraticly by different levels of SPCI addition and amino acid transporter-1 (CAT1) in jejunum(P < 0.05) also increased by 100 mg/kg SPCI addition. CONCLUSIONS Dietary SPCI supplementation at 75 ~ 100 mg/kg improved growth performance by elevated immunity and intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limei M Sun
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan Province, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan Province, P. R. China
| | - Bing Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan Province, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan Province, P. R. China
| | - Yuheng H Luo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan Province, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan Province, P. R. China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan Province, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan Province, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan Province, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan Province, P. R. China
| | - Jie Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan Province, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan Province, P. R. China
| | - Xiangbing Mao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan Province, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan Province, P. R. China
| | - Hui Yan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan Province, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan Province, P. R. China
| | - Junqiu Luo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan Province, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan Province, P. R. China
| | - Jun He
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan Province, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan Province, P. R. China.
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Cao J, Zhu J, Zhou Q, Zhao L, Zou C, Guo Y, Curtin B, Ji F, Liu B, Yu D. Efficacy evaluation of novel organic iron complexes in laying hens: effects on laying performance, egg quality, egg iron content, and blood biochemical parameters. Anim Biosci 2023; 36:498-505. [PMID: 36108681 PMCID: PMC9996259 DOI: 10.5713/ab.22.0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to determine the optimal dose of novel iron amino acid complexes (Fe-Lys-Glu) by measuring laying performance, egg quality, egg iron (Fe) concentrations, and blood biochemical parameters in laying hens. METHODS A total of 1,260 18-week-old healthy Beijing White laying hens were randomly divided into 7 groups with 12 replicates of 15 birds each. After a 2-wk acclimation to the basal diet, hens were fed diets supplemented with 0 (negative control, the analyzed innate iron content was 75.06 mg/kg), 15, 30, 45, 60, and 75 mg Fe/kg as Fe-Lys-Glu or 45 mg Fe/kg from FeSO4 (positive control) for 24 wk. RESULTS Results showed that compared with the negative and positive control groups, dietary supplementation with 30 to 75 mg Fe/kg from Fe-Lys-Glu significantly (linear and quadratic, p<0.05) increased the laying rate (LR) and average daily egg weight (ADEW); hens administered 45 to 75 mg Fe/kg as Fe-Lys-Glu showed a remarkable (linear, p<0.05) decrease in feed conversion ratio. There were no significant differences among all groups in egg quality. The iron concentrations in egg yolk and serum were elevated by increasing Fe-Lys-Glu levels, and the highest iron content was found in 75 mg Fe/kg group. In addition, hens fed 45 mg Fe/kg from Fe-Lys-Glu had (linear and quadratic, p<0.05) higher yolk Fe contents than that with the same dosage of FeSO4 supplementation. The red blood cell (RBC) count and hemoglobin content (linear and quadratic, p<0.05) increased obviously in the groups fed with 30 to 75 mg Fe/kg as Fe-Lys-Glu in comparison with the control group. Fe-Lys-Glu supplementation also (linear and quadratic, p<0.05) enhanced the activity of copper/zinc-superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD) in serum, as a result, the serum malonaldehyde content (linear and quadratic, p<0.05) decreased in hens received 60 to 75 mg Fe/kg as Fe-Lys-Glu. CONCLUSION Supplementation Fe-Lys-Glu in laying hens could substitute for FeSO4 and the optimal additive levels of Fe-Lys-Glu are 45 mg Fe/kg in layers diets based on the quadratic regression analysis of LR, ADEW, RBC, and Cu/Zn-SOD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuai Cao
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jiaming Zhu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Luyuan Zhao
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Chenhao Zou
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yanshan Guo
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.,Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, China
| | | | - Fei Ji
- Zinpro Corporation, Eden Prairie, MN 55344, USA
| | - Bing Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Dongyou Yu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
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Xing X, Zhang C, Ji P, Yang J, Li Q, Pan H, An Q. Effects of Different Iron Supplements on Reproductive Performance and Antioxidant Capacity of Pregnant Sows as Well as Iron Content and Antioxidant Gene Expression in Newborn Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13030517. [PMID: 36766406 PMCID: PMC9913290 DOI: 10.3390/ani13030517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To improve the reproductive performance of sows and the iron nutrition of newborn piglets, we studied the effects of dietary iron on reproductive performance in pregnant sows as well as antioxidant capacity and the visceral iron content of sows and newborn piglets. Forty pregnant sows were divided into four groups, the iron deficiency group (Id group) was fed a basic diet while sows in the treatment groups were fed diets supplemented with 200 mg/kg lactoferrin (LF group), 0.8% heme-iron (Heme-Fe group), or 500 mg/kg iron-glycine complex (Fe-Gly group). The results indicated that (1) different sources of iron had no significant effect on litter size, live litter size, and litter weight of sows; (2) the three additives improved iron nutrition in newborn piglets, with LF and Heme-Fe having better improvement effects; and (3) the addition of different iron sources improved the level of serum antioxidant biochemical indexes of sows and newborn piglets, and it can have an effect on gene level, among which lactoferrin has the best effect. Thus, adding LF, Heme-iron, or Fe-Gly to the diet of sows during the second and third trimester of gestation can improve the antioxidant capacity of the sows. The supplementation of LF in pregnant sow diets can also improve the antioxidant capacity and the iron nutrition of newborn piglets, with better additive effects than in Heme-Fe and Fe-Gly.
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Kim JH, Kim HW, Kwon CH, Kwon SH, Kil DY. Effects of dietary organic or inorganic iron concentrations on productive performance, egg quality, blood measurements, and tissue iron concentrations in aged laying hens. Anim Sci J 2023; 94:e13817. [PMID: 36810838 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the current experiment was to investigate the effects of dietary organic or inorganic iron (Fe) concentrations on productive performance, egg quality, blood measurements, and tissue Fe concentrations in aged laying hens. A total of three hundred fifty 60-week-old Hy-Line Brown laying hens were allotted to one of five dietary treatments with seven replicates. Each replicate had 10 consecutive cages. Organic Fe (Fe-Gly) or inorganic Fe (FeSO4 ) was added to the basal diet at the levels of 100 or 200 mg/kg Fe. Diets were fed on an ad libitum basis for 6 weeks. Results indicated that supplementation of organic or inorganic Fe in diets increased (p < 0.05) eggshell color and feather Fe concentrations compared with no supplementation of Fe in diets. An interaction was found (p < 0.05) between Fe sources and supplemental levels in diets for egg weight, eggshell strength, and Haugh unit. Hens fed diets supplemented with organic Fe had greater (p < 0.05) eggshell color and hematocrit than those fed diets supplemented with inorganic Fe. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of organic Fe increases the eggshell color of aged laying hens. High supplemental levels of organic Fe in diets improve egg weight in aged laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hyuk Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Ho Kwon
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Kwon
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Yong Kil
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Republic of Korea
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Yu H, Xie Y, Wu B, Zhao H, Chen X, Tian G, Liu G, Cai J, Jia G. Dietary supplementation of ferrous glycinate improves intestinal barrier function by modulating microbiota composition in Cherry Valley ducks. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2022; 11:264-275. [PMID: 36263405 PMCID: PMC9556796 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Ferrous glycinate (Fe-Gly) has been increasingly used as iron fortification in the diets of weaned piglets and broilers, but the effect of Fe-Gly on intestinal barrier function in meat ducks has not been well defined. This study therefore investigated the effect of Fe-Gly on apparent nutrient utilization, hematological indices, intestinal morphological parameters, intestinal barrier function and microbial composition in meat ducks. A total of 672 one-day-old Cherry Valley ducks were randomly divided into 6 treatments (8 replicates for each treatment and 14 ducks for each replicate) and fed diets with 0 (control), 30, 60, 90 and 120 mg/kg Fe-Gly or 120 mg/kg FeSO4 for 35 d. The results showed that diets supplemented with Fe-Gly significantly increased average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), hematocrit (HCT), mean cell volume (MCV), the apparent utilization of dry matter (DM) and metabolizable energy (ME), villus height (VH) and villus height-to-crypt depth ratio (V:C) (P < 0.05). Fe-Gly also significantly up-regulated barrier-related genes including zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), zonula occludens-2 (ZO-2), mucin 2 (MUC2) and lysozyme (LYZ) (P < 0.05), and down-regulated the mRNA expression of claudin-2 (CLDN2) and occludin (OCLN) in the jejunum (P < 0.05). The 16S rRNA sequence analysis indicated that the diet with Fe-Gly had a higher relative abundance of Intestinimonas and Romboutsia (P < 0.05), which have an ability to produce short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), especially butyric acid. It also decreased the relative abundance of pathobiont, including Megamonas, Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group and Plebeius (P < 0.05). Additionally, diets supplemented with 120 mg/kg Fe-Gly significantly increased the apparent utilization of DM and ME (P < 0.05) and decreased the relative abundance of Megamonas_unclassified and Bacteroides_unclassified compared with those fed 120 mg/kg FeSO4 (P < 0.05). These results revealed that diets supplemented with Fe-Gly exerted a potent beneficial effect on physical, chemical, immune and microbial barriers, thereby improving the integrity of the intestinal structure, promoting the digestion and absorption of nutrients to a certain extent, and ultimately elevating the growth performance of ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihua Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Yueqin Xie
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Bing Wu
- Chelota Group, Guanghan, 618300, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Gang Tian
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Guangmang Liu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Jingyi Cai
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Gang Jia
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
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Kong J, Qiu T, Yan X, Wang L, Chen Z, Xiao G, Feng X, Zhang H. Effect of replacing inorganic minerals with small peptide chelated minerals on production performance, some biochemical parameters and antioxidant status in broiler chickens. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1027834. [PMID: 36330210 PMCID: PMC9623153 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1027834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the low bio-availability of inorganic trace minerals, its application in poultry production has been causing many problems such as environment pollution and waste of resources. The current study was designed to evaluate if replacing inorganic trace minerals (ITM) with small peptide chelate trace minerals (SPM) affects production performance, some biochemical parameters and antioxidant status, tibia mineral deposition, and fecal mineral content in 817 white-feathered broilers. A total of 432 broilers (21-day-old) were randomly divided into four groups with six replicates of 18 chicks each. The four groups included inorganic trace minerals group (addition of 1,000 mg/kg ITM; common practice by commercial poultry farms), three organic trace minerals groups with supplementation of 150, 300, and 500 mg/kg SPM, respectively. The experiment lasted for 30 days. The results showed that there was no significant difference in growth performance and slaughter performance among the four groups (p > 0.05). Total cholesterol in the SPM group was significantly lower than those in the ITM groups (p < 0.01). Compared with the ITM group, the serum urea nitrogen in 150 and 300 mg/kg SPM groups decreased significantly (p < 0.01). Among all SPM treatments, 300 mg/kg SPM groups had the highest serum glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity (p < 0.01). The activity of copper and zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn SOD) of liver in ITM group was the lowest among the four groups (p < 0.01). The catalase (CAT) activity of liver in the 150 mg/kg SPM group was significantly higher than the ITM group and 300 mg/kg SPM group (p < 0.05). Compared to the ITM group, the iron content of the tibia was significantly increased in 300 mg/kg SPM group (p < 0.05) and 500 mg/kg SPM group (p < 0.01). Compared to the ITM group, dietary supplementation with SPM significantly reduced fecal content of zinc and manganese (p < 0.01). The 150 mg/kg SPM and 300 mg/kg SPM group had significantly reduced content of iron (p < 0.05). This study demonstrated that replacing inorganic minerals with low doses of SPM (300 and 500 mg/kg) did not negatively affect growth and slaughter performance, as well as the antioxidant status of broiler chickens. In addition, SPM can also promote mineral content in the tibia and reduce mineral content in the feces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Kong
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Ting Qiu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Xia Yan
- Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Guangdong Xingtengke Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhaoqing, China
| | - Zhiyong Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Gengsheng Xiao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Xin Feng
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Huihua Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
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Ma J, Liu S, Piao X, Wang C, Wang J, Lin YS, Hsu TP, Liu L. Dietary Supplementation of Ferrous Glycine Chelate Improves Growth Performance of Piglets by Enhancing Serum Immune Antioxidant Properties, Modulating Microbial Structure and Its Metabolic Function in the Early Stage. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:876965. [PMID: 35548055 PMCID: PMC9083199 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.876965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The present research aimed to explore the effect of dietary ferrous glycine chelate supplementation on performance, serum immune-antioxidant parameters, fecal volatile fatty acids, and microbiota in weaned piglets. A total of 80 healthy piglets (weaned at 28 day with an initial weight of 7.43 ± 1.51 kg) were separated into two treatments with five replicates of eight pigs each following a completely randomized block design. The diet was a corn-soybean basal diet with 2,000 mg/kg ferrous glycine chelates (FGC) or not (Ctrl). The serum and fecal samples were collected on days 14 and 28 of the experiment. The results indicated that dietary FGC supplementation improved (p < 0.05) the average daily gain and average daily feed intake overall, alleviated (p < 0.05) the diarrhea rate of piglets at the early stage, enhanced (p < 0.05) the levels of superoxide dismutase and catalase on day 14 and lowered (p < 0.05) the MDA level overall. Similarly, the levels of growth hormone and serum iron were increased (p < 0.05) in the FGC group. Moreover, dietary FGC supplementation was capable of modulating the microbial community structure of piglets in the early period, increasing (p < 0.05) the abundance of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria Tezzerella, decreasing (p < 0.05) the abundance of potentially pathogenic bacteria Slackia, Olsenella, and Prevotella as well as stimulating (p < 0.05) the propanoate and butanoate metabolisms. Briefly, dietary supplemented FGC ameliorates the performance and alleviated the diarrhea of piglets by enhancing antioxidant properties, improving iron transport, up-regulating the growth hormone, modulating the fecal microbiota, and increasing the metabolism function. Therefore, FGC is effective for early iron supplementation and growth of piglets and may be more effective in neonatal piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Sujie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangshu Piao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangshu Piao
| | - Chunlin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-sheng Lin
- Shanghai Bestar Biochemical Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Tzu-ping Hsu
- Shanghai Bestar Biochemical Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Li Liu
- Tianjin Zhongsheng Feed Co. Ltd., Tianjin, China
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11
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Enhancement of ferrous sulfate absorption using nano-technology in broiler chickens. Livest Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2022.104869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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12
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Behroozlak MA, Daneshyar M, Farhoomand P, Nikoo A. Potential application of Fe-methionine as a feed supplement on improving the quality of broilers breast meat. Anim Sci J 2021; 92:e13645. [PMID: 34655126 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A total of 250 one-day-old Ross 308 male chicks were used to investigate the effects of Fe-methionine (Fe-met) and iron sulfate (FeSO4 .7H2 O) on performance, mineral concentration, meat quality, and oxidative stability of breast. The feeding experiment was performed with five dietary groups including group I (basal diet [BD] + 80 mg/kg FeSO4 ), group II (BD + 60 mg/kg FeSO4 + 20 mg/kg Fe-met), group III (BD + 40 mg/kg FeSO4 + 40 mg/kg Fe-met), group IV (BD + 20 mg/kg FeSO4 + 60 mg/kg Fe-met), and group V (BD + 80 mg/kg Fe-met). The results showed that Fe and Cu content in the breast muscle increased by dietary supplementation of organic and inorganic iron from II to V groups. Dietary groups of II, IV, and V increased L* value and b* value of breast meat. Additionally, redness of breast meat enhanced linearly and quadratically by dietary supplementation of 80 mg/kg Fe as FeSO4 . In addition, dietary supplementation Fe from II to V groups led to a significant increase in pHu at 24-h postmortem while it was negatively correlated with L* value of breast muscle. This study demonstrates that replacing FeSO4 with Fe-Met could improve breast meat yield of broilers. Although 80 mg of Fe-Met improved the iron content of meat, it showed detrimental effects on the lipid oxidation of breast meat.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohsen Daneshyar
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Parviz Farhoomand
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Abbas Nikoo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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13
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Savaram Venkata RR, Bhukya P, Raju MVLN, Ullengala R. Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Organic Trace Minerals at Reduced Concentrations on Performance, Bone Mineralization, and Antioxidant Variables in Broiler Chicken Reared in Two Different Seasons in a Tropical Region. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:3817-3824. [PMID: 33216320 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02481-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to study the performance, antioxidant activity, and bone mineral variables in broilers fed organic trace minerals (OTM) at lowered concentrations in the diet. In experiment 1, a total of 1500 day-old broiler male chicks were randomly distributed into six groups with 10 replicates of 25 chicks each and housed in floor pens (1.90 × 1.22 m). One group was fed the maize-soybean meal-based control diet, supplemented with inorganic trace mineral (ITM) premix containing Mn, Zn, Fe, Cu, Se, and Cr at 50, 45, 40, 7.5, 0.30, and 0.25 mg/kg, respectively. The remaining groups of chicks were fed the diets, where the ITM premix was replaced with OTM mix so as to provide the respective minerals at graded levels in the diet (100, 75, 50, 40, and 30% of the control diet). Similarly, in experiment II, a total of 1350 day-old male broiler chicks were divided at random into six groups with 9 replicates of 25 chicks each and fed the maize-soybean meal-based control diet having ITM at levels similar to those of experiment I or the test diets, where the ITM was replaced with OTM so as to provide the minerals at 100, 80, 60, 40, and 20% of the ITM-based control diet. Each diet was fed ad libitum from 0 to 42 days of age. The body weight gain, feed intake, and feed efficiency were not affected by supplementing OTM at 30 and 20% in experiments I and II, respectively. Slaughter variables, activities of glutathione peroxidase and super oxide dismutase, and lipid peroxidation and ferric reducing activity in serum were not affected by supplementing OTM at the lowest level of 20% in the diet. Similarly, bone-breaking strength, ash, and Mn contents were not affected by supplementing OTM at 20% of the mineral concentration in control diet containing ITM. Deposition of Ca, P, Cu, and Fe in tibia ash increased with increased concentration of OTM in the diet. However, Zn content in tibia ash reduced with reduction in OTM level in the diet. Based on the results, it is concluded that trace mineral supplementation in organic form even at 20% of the concentration recommended for ITM may be sufficient in maize-soybean meal-based diet to support the optimum growth, bone ash, bone strength, and serum antioxidant status in commercial broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Prakash Bhukya
- ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500030, India.
| | | | - Rajkumar Ullengala
- ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500030, India
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14
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Sarlak S, Tabeidian SA, Toghyani M, Shahraki ADF, Goli M, Habibian M. Effects of Replacing Inorganic with Organic Iron on Performance, Egg Quality, Serum and Egg Yolk Lipids, Antioxidant Status, and Iron Accumulation in Eggs of Laying Hens. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:1986-1999. [PMID: 32666433 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02284-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This study compared the effects dietary organic (ferrous glycine [FG]) versus inorganic (ferrous sulfate [FS]) iron in laying hens on performance, egg quality, serum and egg yolk lipids, antioxidant status, and iron enrichment of eggs. A total of 378 Shaver White layers were allotted to 7 treatments with 6 replicates (9 birds each) from 30 to 42 weeks of age. A basal diet (19 mg iron/kg) served as control, while the other six diets were supplemented with either FS or FG to provide 30, 60, and 120 mg/kg of added iron. Dietary FG and FS treatments improved (P < 0.05) laying rate, egg weight, and egg quality of layers, relative to the control, albeit eggshell strength and eggshell calcium also deteriorated with the highest level of FS (P < 0.05). The iron treatment groups exhibited a lower serum and egg yolk levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol that accompanied by higher levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and greater activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) as compared with the control (P < 0.05). The contents of malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl were conversely related to the activities SOD and GPx (P < 0.05). The serum and egg fractions (yolk, albumen, and shell) displayed gradually increases in iron contents as the level of iron increased in the diet (P < 0.05), while FG was superior to FS at all tested levels (P < 0.05). To summary, FS can be replaced by FG, with more favorable impacts on egg quality and iron enrichment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Sarlak
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sayed Ali Tabeidian
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Majid Toghyani
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Goli
- Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahmood Habibian
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
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15
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Effects of dietary supplementation of iron as sulphates or glycine chelates on the productive performance and concentrations of acute-phase proteins and iron in the serum and liver tissues of broiler chickens. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2020-0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the effects of inorganic (ferrous sulfate [FeSO4] and FeSO4 + phytase [FeSO4+F]) and organic forms of iron (ferrous glycine chelate [FeGly], Fe-Gly + phytase [Fe-Gly+F]) on the concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A (SA), alpha- 1-acid glycoprotein (α-AGP), haptoglobin (Hp), transferrin (TRF) and iron in the blood and liver tissue of poultry. Ross 308 roosters were used in this study. The acute-phase protein (AP) levels in the chicken serum and liver tissues were assayed using the double-antibody sandwich ELISA kits for chickens. The iron levels in serum and liver samples were measured using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results showed that the serum and hepatic iron concentration in the chickens receiving Fe-Gly and Fe-Gly-F were significantly higher than those in the control group and in the chickens receiving iron in the form of sulphates. Further, serum CRP and SA concentrations were lower in the chickens from the supplemented groups than in those from the control. The hepatic CRP concentration was higher in the supplemented groups than in the control group. The serum and hepatic TRF concentration were highest in the chickens receiving FeSO4 and FeSO4-F. The hepatic Hp concentration was higher in the chickens receiving organic forms of iron than in the control chickens, whereas the serum Hp concentrations were similar across the groups. The highest α-1-AGP concentration was found in the livers of the chickens receiving Fe- Gly and Fe-Gly-F. Taken together, these findings suggest that iron had the most beneficial effects for poultry in terms of health, performance and immunity when added to the feed in the form of glycine chelate.
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16
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Umar Yaqoob M, Wang G, Sun W, Pei X, Liu L, Tao W, Xiao Z, Wang M, Huai M, Li L, Pelletier W. Effects of inorganic trace minerals replaced by complexed glycinates on reproductive performance, blood profiles, and antioxidant status in broiler breeders. Poult Sci 2020; 99:2718-2726. [PMID: 32359609 PMCID: PMC7597384 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of replacing inorganic trace minerals (ITM) with organic trace minerals (OTM; complexed glycinates) on reproductive performance, blood profiles, and antioxidant status in broiler breeders. A total of 648, 23-week-old healthy broiler breeders (ZhenNing), with similar body weight (1.40 ± 0.002 kg), were randomly divided into 4 groups with 6 replicates in each group (27 hens/replicate) and fed the respective experimental diets for 14 wk (including 2 wk for adaptation). The experimental treatments consisted of T1: Cont., commercially recommended levels of ITM (Cu, Zn, Fe, and Mn sulfates); T2: Mix, half trace minerals (TM) were provided from ITM and half from OTM (glycinates); T3: M-OTM, TM were provided from glycinates and reduced to 70% of T1; T4: L-OTM, TM were provided from glycinates and reduced to 50% of T1. The results showed that commercial level of inorganic trace minerals replaced by low-dose complexed glycinates (T3 and T4) exhibited no significant effects on laying performance, 50% ITM replaced by complexed glycinates (T2) numerically improved laying rate by 1.23% than cont. treatment (T1). Broiler breeders fed complexed glycinates tended to produce more qualified eggs (P = 0.05) in T3, with better yolk color (P < 0.01) and eggshell thickness (P = 0.05) in T2 treatment. Replacement of low-dose complexed glycinates reduced fertilization rate (P < 0.01), while it did not affect hatchability. There were no significant differences in serum reproductive hormones such as estrogen and progesterone among the treatments. Serum total protein, albumin, and phosphorus were increased respectively with the replacement of ITM by low-dose OTM from complexed glycinates (P < 0.05). Total liver antioxidant capacity in M-OTM and L-OTM treatment was higher than that of Cont. and Mix treatments (P < 0.01). In conclusion, replacement of high levels of ITM by lower levels of OTM in the form of complexed glycinates is beneficial for egg quality and liver antioxidant status in broiler breeders during the peak laying period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Umar Yaqoob
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058
| | - Geng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058
| | - Wanjing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058
| | - Xun Pei
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058
| | - Lujie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058
| | - Wenjing Tao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058
| | - Zhiping Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058
| | - Minqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058.
| | - Mingyan Huai
- BASF SEA Pte Ltd., Animal Nutrition Asia Pacific Division, Singapore 038987, Singapore
| | - Lily Li
- BASF SEA Pte Ltd., Animal Nutrition Asia Pacific Division, Singapore 038987, Singapore
| | - Wolf Pelletier
- BASF SE, Nutrition & Health Division, Ludwigshafen 78354, Germany
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17
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Wu W, Yang Y, Sun N, Bao Z, Lin S. Food protein-derived iron-chelating peptides: The binding mode and promotive effects of iron bioavailability. Food Res Int 2020; 131:108976. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.108976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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18
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Abstract
Intestinal iron homeostasis is like the Zhong-Yong in traditional Chinese culture, which is a dynamic balance between Yin and Yang.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxuan Ding
- College of Animal Science
- Zhejiang University
- Key Laboratory of animal feed and nutrition of Zhejiang Province
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Xiaonan Yu
- College of Animal Science
- Zhejiang University
- Key Laboratory of animal feed and nutrition of Zhejiang Province
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Jie Feng
- College of Animal Science
- Zhejiang University
- Key Laboratory of animal feed and nutrition of Zhejiang Province
- Hangzhou
- China
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19
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Araujo RS, Oliveira AC, Sousa FCB, Dourado LRB, Guimarães SEF, Silva W, Biagiotti D, Bayão GFV, Sousa KRS. Effects of cottonseed oil and ferrous sulfate on the performance and expression of antioxidant enzymes in broilers. Poult Sci 2019; 98:3860-3869. [PMID: 30877746 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aiming to reduce feed costs, cottonseed oil (CSO) has been used as an alternative component in diets for broilers. However, this oil contains gossypol, an antinutritional agent that impacts the use of mineral elements, inhibits glucose uptake, and has a direct inhibitory action on intestinal enzymes. Nevertheless, toxic effects of gossypol can be prevented by the addition of iron salts, such as ferrous sulfate (FS), to the diet. This work was conducted to evaluate performance and gene expression of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the intestines of 21- and 42-day-old broilers fed 0, 2, 4, or 6% concentrations of CSO, with or without FS. All CSO diets led to weight gain (WG) at 21 D. At 42 D, an increase in WG and a decrease in feed conversion (FCR) in the diets containing FS were observed. In 21-day-old birds supplemented with 4% CSO and FS, an increase in GPx gene expression was observed when compared to the 6% level. Animals (42 day old) supplemented with 6% CSO and FS presented greater expression of SOD gene when compared to 2% CSO and FS. In addition, a higher GPx expression in broilers supplemented with 6% CSO and FS compared to 6% CSO without FS was achieved. In conclusion, including CSO in the diets of broiler favors WG in animals at 21 D of age, independent of the presence or absence of FS; and including 4% CSO and FS in the diet of these animals alters the expression of the GPx gene in the intestine, so it is not necessary to add FS at 21 D. On the other hand, in 42-day-old broilers, the addition of FS is indicated, due to increases WG, decreased FCR and at the 6% CSO level without FS increase in the expression of the SOD and GPx genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Araujo
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Prof ª Cinobelina Elvas, 64900-000, Bom Jesus, PI, Brazil
| | - A C Oliveira
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Prof ª Cinobelina Elvas, 64900-000, Bom Jesus, PI, Brazil
| | - F C B Sousa
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Prof ª Cinobelina Elvas, 64900-000, Bom Jesus, PI, Brazil
| | - L R B Dourado
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Prof ª Cinobelina Elvas, 64900-000, Bom Jesus, PI, Brazil
| | - S E F Guimarães
- Department of Animal Science, Animal Biotechnology Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36900-000 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - W Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Animal Biotechnology Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36900-000 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - D Biagiotti
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Prof ª Cinobelina Elvas, 64900-000, Bom Jesus, PI, Brazil
| | - G F V Bayão
- Department of Animal Science, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Maranhão, 65095-460, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - K R S Sousa
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 65500-000, Chapadinha, MA, Brazil
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20
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Barros CA, Pascoal LAF, Watanabe PH, Martins TDD, Andrade TS, Ribeiro JES. Dietary iron chelate for sows and effects on iron supplementation in piglets. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2019; 91:e20180509. [PMID: 31644641 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201920180509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to evaluate iron chelate in diets for sows during gestation and lactation and its effects on iron supplementation for piglets, a total of 50 pregnant sows in the third parity order were distributed according to a randomized block design with two treatments: diet without iron chelate supplementation (n=20); diet supplemented with 0.15% of iron chelate (n=30). The litters of sows were distributed into five different treatments: sows without iron chelate supplementation and piglets receiving intramuscular iron-dextran; sows without iron chelate supplementation and piglets receiving oral iron supplementation; sows supplemented with iron chelate and piglets receiving intramuscular iron-dextran; sows supplemented with iron chelate and piglets receiving oral iron supplementation; sows supplemented with iron chelate and piglets without iron supplementation. No influence of dietary supplementation of iron chelate was verified on the productive parameters of the sows. For the piglets, iron-dextran supplementation promoted higher weaning weight in comparison to non-supplemented piglets, although not differing to those received oral iron supplementation. Thus, iron chelate supplementation did not improve the productive parameters of sows, but it increased iron excretion in the feces, thus requiring iron supplementation for the piglets after birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine A Barros
- Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Campus II, Rodovia PB-079, 58397-000 Areia, PB, Brazil
| | - Leonardo A F Pascoal
- Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Campus II, Rodovia PB-079, 58397-000 Areia, PB, Brazil.,Departamento de Ciência Animal, Centro de Ciências Humanas, Sociais e Agrárias, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Campus III, Rua João Pessoa, s/n, Cidade Universitária, 58220-000 Bananeiras, PB, Brazil
| | - Pedro H Watanabe
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Av. Mister Hull, 2977, 60440-900 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Terezinha D D Martins
- Departamento de Ciência Animal, Centro de Ciências Humanas, Sociais e Agrárias, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Campus III, Rua João Pessoa, s/n, Cidade Universitária, 58220-000 Bananeiras, PB, Brazil
| | - Tiago S Andrade
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Av. Mister Hull, 2977, 60440-900 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - José E S Ribeiro
- Departamento de Ciência Animal, Centro de Ciências Humanas, Sociais e Agrárias, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Campus III, Rua João Pessoa, s/n, Cidade Universitária, 58220-000 Bananeiras, PB, Brazil
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Wang G, Liu L, Wang Z, Pei X, Tao W, Xiao Z, Liu B, Wang M, Lin G, Ao T. Comparison of Inorganic and Organically Bound Trace Minerals on Tissue Mineral Deposition and Fecal Excretion in Broiler Breeders. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 189:224-232. [PMID: 30062463 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1460-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of replacement of inorganic trace minerals (ITMs) by organic trace minerals (OTMs) on tissue mineral retention and fecal excretion in "Zhen Ning" yellow feather broiler breeders. Six hundred hens (initial BW: 1.70 ± 0.07 kg) aged 40 weeks were randomly divided into five treatments, with four replicates of 30 broiler breeders each. Experimental treatments were as follows: (1) ITM (Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Se providing commercially recommended concentrations), (2) L-ITM (50% of the ITM, except for Se), (3) VL-OTM (37.5% of the ITM, except for Se), (4) L-OTM (equivalent to L-ITM), and (5) OTM (62.5% of the ITM, except for Se). The duration of the study was 10 weeks including 2 weeks for adaptation. Compared with the L-ITM treatment, high-level supplementation of minerals in ITM and OTM increased the concentration of serum Mn and Se, pectoral Fe and pancreas Cu, and Fe (P < 0.05). Birds fed with OTM dietary exhibited comparable mineral retention in muscle compared with ITM. Differences were observed between L-ITM and L-OTM in serum Mn and Se, pectoral Fe, Zn, and Se, and heart Se with L-OTM retaining higher mineral concentrations than L-ITM (P < 0.05). L-OTM retained identical concentration with ITM treatment, except for the pancreatic Fe. All three organic diets reduced the Zn in excreta compared with the two inorganic diets (P < 0.05). This study indicates that replacement of dietary ITMs by OTMs improved mineral deposition in tissues and reduced fecal mineral excretion in broiler breeders under the conditions of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng Wang
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lujie Liu
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongpei Wang
- Ninghai Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureau, Ninghai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xun Pei
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Tao
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiping Xiao
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bojing Liu
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minqi Wang
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Gang Lin
- Alltech Biological Products (china) Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Tuoying Ao
- Center for Animal Nutrigenomics & Applied Animal Nutrition, Alltech Inc, Nicholasville, KY, USA
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Yu X, Chen L, Ding H, Zhao Y, Feng J. Iron Transport from Ferrous Bisglycinate and Ferrous Sulfate in DMT1-Knockout Human Intestinal Caco-2 Cells. Nutrients 2019; 11:E485. [PMID: 30813537 PMCID: PMC6470600 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to investigate the transport characteristics of iron from ferrous bisglycinate (Fe-Gly) in intestinal cells. The divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1)-knockout Caco-2 cell line was developed by Crispr-Cas9, and then the cells were treated with ferrous sulfate (FeSO₄) or Fe-Gly to observe the labile iron pool and determine their iron transport. The results showed that the intracellular labile iron increased significantly with Fe-Gly or FeSO₄ treatment, and this phenomenon was evident over a wide range of time and iron concentrations in the wild-type cells, whereas in the knockout cells it increased only after processing with high concentrations of iron for a long time (p < 0.05). DMT1-knockout suppressed the synthesis of ferritin and inhibited the response of iron regulatory protein 1 (IRP-1) and IRP-2 to these two iron sources. The expression of peptide transporter 1 (PepT1) was not altered by knockout or iron treatment. Interestingly, the expression of zinc-regulated transporter (ZRT) and iron-regulated transporter (IRT)-like protein 14 (Zip14) was elevated significantly by knockout and iron treatment in wild-type cells (p < 0.05). These results indicated that iron from Fe-Gly was probably mainly transported into enterocytes via DMT1 like FeSO₄; Zip14 may play a certain role in the intestinal iron transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Science, Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Lingjun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Science, Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Haoxuan Ding
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Science, Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Science, Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jie Feng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Science, Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Zhuo Z, Yu X, Li S, Fang S, Feng J. Heme and Non-heme Iron on Growth Performances, Blood Parameters, Tissue Mineral Concentration, and Intestinal Morphology of Weanling Pigs. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 187:411-417. [PMID: 29770950 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1385-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of heme and non-heme iron sources on growth performances, blood parameters, tissue mineral concentration, and intestinal morphology in weanling pigs. At 25 days of age, 32 newly weaned piglets (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire; 8.66 ± 0.59 kg) were allocated to one of the following dietary treatments: control group (basal diet with no extra iron addition), FeSO4 group (basal diet + 100 mg Fe/kg as FeSO4), Fe-Gly group (basal diet + 100 mg Fe/kg as Fe-Gly), and Heme group (basal diet + 100 mg Fe/kg as Heme). Each treatment had eight replicates and one pig per replicate. The experiment lasted for 28 days. The results showed that compared with basal diet, supplement with 100 mg/kg iron can increase ADG of the piglets, especially in the late experiment period (15~28 days). Heme significantly increased the a* value of longissimus dorsi muscle of piglets when compared with other iron sources (P < 0.05). The iron supplementations had no significant effect on hematological parameters, while Fe-Gly and heme increased pigs' serum iron content on day 28 when compared with FeSO4 and basal diet (P < 0.05). The liver iron deposition in pigs fed Fe-Gly and heme was also higher than those fed FeSO4 or basal diet (P < 0.05). Besides, diet supplement with iron significantly increased villus height (P < 0.05) in duodenum and it had tendency to increase villus height and crypt depth ratio in duodenum (P = 0.095). In conclusion, iron supplementation in diets can improve piglet's body iron state and intestinal development, but Fe-Gly and heme exhibited better bioavailability than traditional additive of FeSO4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Xiaonan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Sisi Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shenglin Fang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jie Feng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Xie C, Elwan HAM, Elnesr SS, Dong X, Feng J, Zou XT. Effects of iron glycine chelate on laying performance, antioxidant activities, serum biochemical indices, iron concentrations and transferrin mRNA expression in laying hens. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 103:547-554. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xie
- College of Animal Science; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou China
| | - Hamada A. M. Elwan
- College of Animal Science; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou China
- Animal and Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture; Minia University; El-Minya Egypt
| | - Shaaban S. Elnesr
- College of Animal Science; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou China
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture; Fayoum University; Fayoum Egypt
| | - Xinyang Dong
- College of Animal Science; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou China
| | - Jie Feng
- College of Animal Science; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou China
| | - Xiao-ting Zou
- College of Animal Science; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou China
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Li Y, Yang W, Dong D, Jiang S, Yang Z, Wang Y. Effect of different sources and levels of iron in the diet of sows on iron status in neonatal pigs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 4:197-202. [PMID: 30140759 PMCID: PMC6104572 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the effects of maternal dietary supplementation of ferrous glycine chelate (Fe-Gly) and ferrous sulfate monohydrate (FeSO4·H2O) on the relative organ weight, tissue iron contents, red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin concentration (HGB) and hematocrit (HCT) in blood, as well as ferritin (Fn), serum iron (SI), and total iron binding capacity (TIBC) in serum of newborn piglets. Forty-five sows (Landrace × Large white, mean parity 3 to 4, no significant differences in BW) were randomly allotted to 9 treatments (n = 5 sows/treatment): control (basal diet with no Fe supplementation), the basal diet supplemented with 50, 80, 110 or 140 mg Fe/kg as Fe-Gly, and the basal diet supplemented with 50, 80, 110 or 140 mg Fe/kg as FeSO4·H2O. The neonatal piglets (n = 45) were used to determine the relative organ weight, tissue iron contents and blood biochemical indices. Compared with the control, the relative weight of spleen and kidney were significantly increased (P < 0.05) in the Fe-Gly groups. The iron contents in liver, spleen, kidney and femur were also found increased (P < 0.05) in the Fe-Gly groups. The RBC (d 1 and 21), HGB (d 1 and 21) and HCT (d 1 and 21) in blood and Fn (d 1) and SI (d 1 and 21) significantly increased (P < 0.05), but the TIBC (d 1 and 21) in serum decreased (P < 0.05) in the Fe-Gly groups. Moreover, the kidney relative weight, iron content in liver, spleen, kidney and femur, RBC (d 1) and HGB (d 21) in blood, and SI (d 1) in the Fe-Gly groups increased (P < 0.05) compared with the FeSO4·H2O treatment. Linear and quadratic responses of the kidney relative weight, the iron content in liver, spleen, kidney and femur, RBC (d 1 and 21), HGB (d 1 and 21) and HCT (d 1 and 21) in whole blood, SI (d 1) and TIBC (d 1 and 21) in the Fe-Gly groups were observed (P < 0.05). Linear responses of Fn (d 1 and 21) and SI (d 21) in the Fe-Gly groups, and spleen relative weight, HCT (d 1), Fn (d 1) and TIBC (d 1 and 21) in the FeSO4·H2O groups were observed (P < 0.05). These finding suggest that Fe-Gly supplemented at the level of 110 mg/kg in the diet of sows in this experiment is superior to other forms of supplementation, based on HGB concentration, the relative organ weight, tissue iron contents and blood biochemical indices of piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Animal Sciences and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Weiren Yang
- Department of Animal Sciences and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Donghua Dong
- Department of Animal Sciences and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Shuzhen Jiang
- Department of Animal Sciences and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Zaibin Yang
- Department of Animal Sciences and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research Centre, PO Box 3000, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
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Li Y, Jiang H, Huang G. Protein Hydrolysates as Promoters of Non-Haem Iron Absorption. Nutrients 2017; 9:E609. [PMID: 28617327 PMCID: PMC5490588 DOI: 10.3390/nu9060609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient for human growth and health. Organic iron is an excellent iron supplement due to its bioavailability. Both amino acids and peptides improve iron bioavailability and absorption and are therefore valuable components of iron supplements. This review focuses on protein hydrolysates as potential promoters of iron absorption. The ability of protein hydrolysates to chelate iron is thought to be a key attribute for the promotion of iron absorption. Iron-chelatable protein hydrolysates are categorized by their absorption forms: amino acids, di- and tri-peptides and polypeptides. Their structural characteristics, including their size and amino acid sequence, as well as the presence of special amino acids, influence their iron chelation abilities and bioavailabilities. Protein hydrolysates promote iron absorption by keeping iron soluble, reducing ferric iron to ferrous iron, and promoting transport across cell membranes into the gut. We also discuss the use and relative merits of protein hydrolysates as iron supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Li
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Han Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Guangrong Huang
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
- Key Lab of Marine Food Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310018, China.
- National and Local United Engineering Lab of Quality Controlling Technology and Instrument for Marine Food, Hangzhou 310018, China.
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Akter M, Iji PA, Graham H. Increased iron level in phytase-supplemented diets reduces performance and nutrient utilisation in broiler chickens. Br Poult Sci 2017; 58:409-417. [DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2017.1315050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marjina Akter
- Animal Science Department, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, Australia
| | - P. A. Iji
- Animal Science, School of Rural Science & Agriculture, University of New England, Armidale, Australia
| | - H. Graham
- Feed Ingredients, AB Vista, Marlborough, UK
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Bioavailability of iron multi-amino acid chelate preparation in mice and human duodenal HuTu 80 cells. Br J Nutr 2017; 117:767-774. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114517000186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AbstractStrategies for preventing Fe deficiency include Fe supplementation and Fe fortification of foods. The absorption, metabolism and chemical characteristics of Fe multi-amino acid chelate (IMAAC) are not known. Absorption of IMAAC was compared with FeSO4in Fe-depleted mice andin vitrochemical studies of the Fe supplement was performed in HuTu 80 cells. Hb repletion study was carried out in Fe-deficient CD1 mice that were fed for 10 d a diet supplemented with ferrous IMAAC or FeSO4. A control group of Fe-replete mice was fed a diet with adequate Fe concentrations throughout the study. Tissues were collected from the mice, and the expression of Fe-related genes was determined by quantitative PCR. Ferric reductase and Fe uptake were evaluated in HuTu 80 cells. Supplementation of the diet with FeSO4or IMAAC significantly increased Hb levels (P<0·001) in Fe-deficient mice from initial 93·9 (SD10·8) or 116·2 (SD9·1) to 191 (SD0·7) or 200 (SD0·5) g/l, respectively. Initial and final Hb for the Fe-deficient control group were 87·4 (SD6·7) and 111 (SD11·7) g/l, respectively. Furthermore, the liver non-haem Fe of both supplement groups increased significantly (P<0·001). IMAAC was more effective at restoring Fe in the spleen compared with FeSO4(P<0·005). Gene expression showed the IMAAC supplement absorption is regulated by the body’s Fe status as it significantly up-regulated hepcidin (P<0·001) and down-regulated duodenal cytochrome b mRNA (P<0·005), similar to the effects seen with FeSO4. A significant proportion of Fe in IMAAC is reduced by ascorbic acid. Fe absorption in mice and cells was similar for both IMAAC and FeSO4and both compounds induce and regulate Fe metabolism genes similarly in the maintenance of homeostasis in mice.
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Winiarska-Mieczan A, Kwiecień M, Grela ER, Tomaszewska E, Klebaniuk R. The chemical composition and sensory properties of raw, cooked and grilled thigh meat of broiler chickens fed with Fe-Gly chelate. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2016; 53:3825-3833. [PMID: 28017998 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-016-2374-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to determine the effect of Fe-glycinate chelate (Fe-Gly) on the chemical composition and sensory value of thigh meat in Ross 308 broiler chickens. Two experimental factors were introduced: (1) organic or inorganic Fe, and (2) Fe level at 40, 20 or 10 mg/kg of feed. No negative effect of using 40, 20 or 10 mg Fe-glycine chelate was recorded on the chemical composition (crude protein, fat, ash, total cholesterol, Cu, Zn, Ca and total fatty acids: SFA, MUFA, PUFA and UFA, and the n-3 and n-6 fatty acid ratio) and on the sensory properties of raw, cooked and grilled thigh meat. However, an increase in Fe content in the meat of birds receiving 40 and 20 mg of Fe-Gly was found, which had no significant effect on the sensory attributes of meat. Based on the study results it can be concluded that Fe-Gly can be used in broiler feed instead of Fe sulphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Winiarska-Mieczan
- Department of Bromatology and Food Physiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Kwiecień
- Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Eugeniusz R Grela
- Department of Bromatology and Food Physiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewa Tomaszewska
- Department of Animal Physiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Renata Klebaniuk
- Department of Bromatology and Food Physiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
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Zhuo Z, Fang S, Hu Q, Huang D, Feng J. Digital gene expression profiling analysis of duodenum transcriptomes in SD rats administered ferrous sulfate or ferrous glycine chelate by gavage. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37923. [PMID: 27901057 PMCID: PMC5128800 DOI: 10.1038/srep37923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The absorption of different iron sources is a trending research topic. Many studies have revealed that organic iron exhibits better bioavailability than inorganic iron, but the concrete underlying mechanism is still unclear. In the present study, we examined the differences in bioavailability of ferrous sulfate and ferrous glycinate in the intestines of SD rats using Illumina sequencing technology. Digital gene expression analysis resulted in the generation of almost 128 million clean reads, with expression data for 17,089 unigenes. A total of 123 differentially expressed genes with a |log2(fold change)| >1 and q-value < 0.05 were identified between the FeSO4 and Fe-Gly groups. Gene Ontology functional analysis revealed that these genes were involved in oxidoreductase activity, iron ion binding, and heme binding. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis also showed relevant important pathways. In addition, the expression patterns of 9 randomly selected genes were further validated by qRT-PCR, which confirmed the digital gene expression results. Our study showed that the two iron sources might share the same absorption mechanism, and that differences in bioavailability between FeSO4 and Fe-Gly were not only in the absorption process but also during the transport and utilization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Shenglin Fang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Qiaoling Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Danping Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Jie Feng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
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31
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Wan D, Zhou X, Xie C, Shu X, Wu X, Yin Y. Toxicological evaluation of ferrous N-carbamylglycinate chelate: Acute, Sub-acute toxicity and mutagenicity. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2015; 73:644-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2015.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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32
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Sun J, Liu D, Shi R. Supplemental dietary iron glycine modifies growth, immune function, and antioxidant enzyme activities in broiler chickens. Livest Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Kwiecień M, Samolińska W, Bujanowicz-Haraś B. Effects of iron-glycine chelate on growth, carcass characteristic, liver mineral concentrations and haematological and biochemical blood parameters in broilers. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2015; 99:1184-96. [PMID: 25865671 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Studies were carried out to determine the effect of additive iron-glycine chelate on the production performance, slaughter yield, mineral deposition in the liver and the metabolic blood panel in broiler chickens. A total of 250 one-day-old Ross 308 chicks were allotted into five groups with five replicates of 10 birds each. Diets were supplemented with the organic form iron (Fe-Gly at the rate of 25%, 50% or 100% of the total requirements of the elements) and inorganic Fe (FeSO4 at the rate of 50% or 100%). In the experiment, iron was added to the premix (containing no Fe) in an amount of 40 or 20 mg per kg of basal diet, in groups I and II, in the form of FeSO4 , and in an amount of 40, 20 or 10 mg per kg of basal diet, in groups III, IV and V, in the form of Fe-Gly. The study covering the period from the first to the 42nd day of breeding revealed that the production performance and slaughter yield were not dependent on the form and amount of added Fe. In the experimental groups with the addition of Fe-Gly of 20 or 10 mg/kg, there were no deaths of chickens during the whole fattening period. As a result, introducing an organic form of iron covering 50% and 25% of the birds' requirement increased the effectiveness of chicken fattening (European Efficiency Index) (p < 0.01). An organic Fe compound (40, 20 or 10 mg/kg) added to mixtures contributed to significant changes in the level of biochemical and haematological indicators in blood. The study demonstrated that an addition of Fe-Gly to mixtures for broilers can be fully effective in terms of production and health performance even if the suggested requirement for this element is 50% or 25% covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kwiecień
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Science, Lublin, Poland
| | - W Samolińska
- Department of Bromatology and Food Physiology, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Science, Lublin, Poland
| | - B Bujanowicz-Haraś
- Department of Management and Marketing, University of Life Science, Lublin, Poland
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Jia YF, Jiang MM, Sun J, Shi RB, Liu DS. Studies on different iron source absorption by in situ ligated intestinal loops of broilers. Biol Trace Elem Res 2015; 163:154-61. [PMID: 25422090 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-0179-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the iron source absorption in the small intestine of broiler. In situ ligated intestinal loops of 70 birds were poured into one of seven solutions, including inorganic iron (FeSO4, Fe2(SO4)3), organic Fe glycine chelate (Fe-Gly(II), Fe-Gly(III)), the mixtures (FeSO4 with glycine (Fe+Gly(II)), Fe2(SO4)3 with glycine (Fe+Gly(III)), and no Fe source (control). The total volume of 3-mL solution (containing 1 mg of elemental Fe) was injected into intestinal loops, and then 120-min incubation was performed. Compared with inorganic iron groups, in which higher FeSO4 absorption than Fe2(SO4)3 was observed, supplementation with organic Fe glycine chelate significantly increased the Fe concentration in the duodenum and jejunum (P < 0.05), however, decreased DMT1 and DcytB messenger RNA (mRNA) levels (P < 0.05). Organic Fe glycine chelate (Fe-Gly(II), Fe-Gly(III)) increased serum iron concentration (SI), compared with inorganic 3 valence iron groups (Fe2(SO4)3 and Fe+Gly(III)) (P < 0.05); moreover, lower TIBC value was observed for the chelate (P < 0.05); however, mixture of inorganic iron and glycine did not have a positive role at DMT1 and DcytB mRNA levels, SI and Fe concentrations in the small intestine. Those results indicated that the absorption of organic Fe glycine chelate was more effective than that of inorganic Fe, and the orders of iron absorption in the small intestine were: Fe-Gly(II), Fe-Gly(III) > FeSO4, Fe+Gly(II) > Fe2(SO4)3, Fe+Gly(III). Additionally, the simple mixture of inorganic iron and glycine could not increase Fe absorption, and the duodenum was the main site of Fe absorption in the intestines of broilers and the ileum absorbed iron rarely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y F Jia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030, Harbin, People's Republic of China,
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Abbasi M, Zaghari M, Ganjkhanlo M, Khalaji S. Is dietary iron requirement of broiler breeder hens at the late stage of production cycle influenced by phytase supplementation? JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2014.928634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Zhuo Z, Fang S, Yue M, Zhang Y, Feng J. Kinetics absorption characteristics of ferrous glycinate in SD rats and its impact on the relevant transport protein. Biol Trace Elem Res 2014; 158:197-202. [PMID: 24615551 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-9906-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Ferrous glycinate (Fe-Gly) maintains high bioavailability in animals, but its exact absorption mechanism is still unknown. Here, we studied on the absorption kinetics of ferrous glycinate and its impact on the relevant transport protein in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. A total of 72 SD rats (male, BW 100 ± 6.25 g) were randomly allotted to three treatments. These treatments were perfused with 1 mL of normal saline, ferrous sulfate (FeSO4), and ferrous glycinate (71.35 mg/L as iron) separately. Four rats were selected from each treatment for collection of blood from the tails at certain times (15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 120, 240, and 360 min) after gavage. Moreover, other six rats selected from each treatment were slaughtered for sampling after gavage at 2, 4, and 6 h to evaluate the expression of intestinal transport protein. Pharmacokinetic parameters of iron were determined by one-compartmental analysis. Compared with FeSO4, the peak plasma concentration of iron (C max) is higher in the rats given gavage with Fe-Gly (P < 0.05). Four hours after gavage with Fe-Gly, the expression of divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) in the duodenum is significantly decreased (P < 0.05), but the expression of ferroportin 1 (Fpn1) is significantly increased (P < 0.05). This study indicates that Fe-Gly as iron sources can be absorbed more and utilized faster than FeSO4, and they had different effects on the expression of intestinal transport protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Effect of supplementing different concentrations of organic trace minerals on performance, antioxidant activity, and bone mineralization in Vanaraja chickens developed for free range farming. Trop Anim Health Prod 2013; 45:1447-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-013-0384-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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